最新 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)

最新 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge

number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand

total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering

99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.

More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are

living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five

times in the last half a billion years.

They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide

variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are

the main cause.

Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the

brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that

we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By

2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's

current species.

Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving

forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long

ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other

scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.

The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most

recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many

smaller extinctions.

One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens

of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of

the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,

its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.

（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？

A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time.

C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause

of it.

（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？

A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will

probably be about five million on this planet.

C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not

easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.

（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?

A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures. 【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global

decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree

that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex

life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have

caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were

particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知 ＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet

the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years,

developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality.

Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.

The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle.

Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get

in and out of small spaces very quickly." It can be moved across continents very quickly because it

can be folded and packed," he adds.

Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the