高中英语真题-词义猜测题 建议用时：15分钟

高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版1.The author uses the word "jubilant" in the passage. What does it mean?A.angryB.happyC.sadD.tired答案：B。

解析：在文章中可以通过作者描述的场景和氛围来猜测词义。

文中提到人们在庆祝活动中，脸上洋溢着笑容，由此可推断“jubilant”是高兴的意思。

选项A“angry”生气不符合庆祝活动的氛围；选项C“sad”悲伤也与场景不符；选项D“tired”疲惫同样不恰当。

2.In the story, the word "scurry" is mentioned. What's the meaning?A.walk slowlyB.run quicklyC.jump highD.stand still答案：B。

解析：根据上下文，文中描述小动物们在听到声音后迅速行动，可推测“scurry”是快速跑的意思。

选项A“walk slowly”走得慢与迅速行动不符；选项C“jump high”跳得高不相关；选项D“stand still”站着不动也不对。

3.The word "mellow" appears in the text. What does it mean?A.sharpB.softC.loudD.quiet答案：B。

解析：从文章中对音乐或氛围的描述可以推断“mellow”的意思。

文中提到音乐让人放松，氛围很温和，所以“mellow”是柔和的意思。

选项A“sharp”尖锐不符合；选项C“loud”大声不对；选项D“quiet”安静不准确。

4.The author writes about a "vivacious" person. What does "vivacious" mean?A.boringB.livelyC.shyD.calm答案：B。

篇章结构题建议用时：15分钟建议用时：15分钟A[2015·重庆一中一诊]The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great ex tent the builder of its environment. As a big planteater, it largel y shapes the forestandsavanna (稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (栖息地)．It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a distur ber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must h ave every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerousopen spaces i n both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover p art of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numero us plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of o ther plant eaters.Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the sp reading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new pla nts to grow on the forest floor. In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to m ove around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well. What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has b ecome an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, sc ientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。

考点15 阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。

所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。

词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。

可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。

只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。

当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.【参考答案】C词义猜测题。

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测题[真题演练]A(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读理解B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I'm just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”“Oh，sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or i n a time machine or growing three heads.“That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night，when you're asleep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”[语篇解读] 本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具培养学生的创造性和想象力。

高考英语必考点妙解专题：猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。

(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。

(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。

►第17讲词义猜测题（讲义）【复习目标】明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表【网络构建】命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。

平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。

题型和考查角度：1.猜测生词或熟词生义。

2.猜测短语的意义。

3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。

4.猜测句意。

命题方式：The phrase“...”in the sentence could be replaced by“”.The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“”.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...”most nearly means“”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .解题技巧：1.定位文中画线处上下文。

2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。

选项特征：1.根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。

第03讲词义猜测题题型一单词或短语猜测题的考查1.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）The match was only interrupted by Di’s act for a short period. On the field, Argentina triumphed over Australia with a 2-0 win eventually, although the game was likely to be remembered for other reasons. ......What does the underlined word “triumphed over” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Competed against. B．Defeated.C．Conflicted with.D．Misunderstood.2.（2024·湖北高中名校大联考）......That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Learning from.B．Reflecting on.C．Bringing out.D．Arguing against.3.（2024·河南、山西大联考）......“Our work introduced the idea of a fourth traffic signal called a ‘white phase’, which taps into the computing power of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in order to expedite traffic at crossroads,” says Prof. Ali Hajbabaie, corresponding author of the paper. “Our research found that the more AVs there are on the road, the more efficiently the traffic moves. You’ll see less congestion (堵塞). To be clear, this improves travel time, fuel efficiency and safety for all of the cars.”What does the underlined word “expedite” in paragraph 2mean?A．Work out.B．Speed up.C．Put off.D．Hold back.4.（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）Going to the gym can take time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tiresome. Most weight-related exercises are a combination of sets and reps (组和次). In order to see any significant change from any exercise, it will probably need to be repeated six to eight times, fora minimum of three sets, for about three months. For some, there’s nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill (跑步机).But what if there were a way to relieve the tedium of exercise while still getting a good workout? Luckily for us, there’s virtual reality..What does the underlined word “tedium” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．Boredom.B．Tiredness.C．Expense.D．Inconvenience.5.（2024·江西省重点中学协作体·模拟）The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean?A．Winning wide praise.B．Making a personal breakthrough.C．Disobeying rules of her career.D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.6.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）To avoid conflicts, organizers have fenced in beaver-related projects. The beavers are not permitted to wander freely beyond the fences. The government has also put together a beaver management strategy framework, which advises communication and listening, in an effort to clear up misunderstandings and concerns. When beavers do cause issues, available options will be provided, including modifying the dams, reducing water levels, or relocating the animals.What does the underlined word “concerns” in paragraph 4 refer to?A．Worries about related costs.B．Doubts about beavers’ safety.C．Fears for species extinction.D．Anxieties over river pollution.7.（2024·河南郑州·二模）“Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. Its vast expanse and the fragility of its environment are two things that really blow away people,” said Cheryl Rosa, the director of the US Arctic Research Commission.The underlined part “blow away” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.A．defeat B．affect C．move D．impress（2024·江苏省兴化中学·模拟）“Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)What does the underlined phrase “the same time crunch” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Children have little time to play with their parents.B．Both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time.C．Children are not taken good care of by their working parents.D．Both parents and children have trouble managing their time.9.（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）There are many arguments for and against the interview as a way of selection. The main argument against it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate. They choose the candidate who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a good assessment of each candidate’s likely performance.The underlined word “subjective” means “based on one’s ________ rather than facts”.A．personality B．character C．opinion D．ability10.（23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）The last few months had brought to my attention an important incompatibility between us — one that I’d never noticed before. Despite being a pair of lifelong travelers, Felipe and I seldom travel in a similar way. The reality about Felipe is that he’s both the best traveler I’ve ever met and by far the worst. The word “incompatibility” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “_____”.A．harmony B．negotiation C．difference D．tension题型二代词指代题的考查1.（2024·福建福州·三模）These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined templewas transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks.What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to?A．All original form.B．A new addition.C．A cinema.D．A temple.2.（2024·湖北黄冈·一模）French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from school grounds. The ban will start in September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-Michel Blanquer, France's education minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an educational point of view, that's a problem. Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to?A．Disabled students.B．Digital devices.C．Backpacks.D．Students' parents.3.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The position of a bird’s head also plays a role in its hearing abilities. Scientists have determined that noises register at different frequencies on each side of the bird’s head. Depending on the angle from which the noise originates, it registers with a certain frequency in the left eardrum but with a different frequency in the right eardrum. This allows the bird to locate a sound’s origin.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 3 probably refer to?A．The angle of noise sources.B．The bird’s unique ear structure.C．The intensity of the sound around the bird.D．The difference in frequencies between the eardrums.4.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Allcove provides fully staffed safe spaces for teens and young adults to discuss and deal with their health, both mental and physical. Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created the Allcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.” Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open. When that happens, Alcove can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite. Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean the establishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the state and, eventually, around the country.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph mean?A．The sense of mental suffering.B．Involvement of health experts.C．Complaints about physical suffering.D．The pressing call for assistance.A．The Earth.B．A spaceship.C．Chang'e 5.D．The Moon7.（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．The opening for learning and practice.B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.题型三句意猜测题的考查1.（2024·江苏高三·模拟预测）Despite public health campaigns to highlight the many problems with sugary drinks, we drink them by the liters, about 42 liters per person a year. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies throw light on the fact that some of us are more vulnerable to the harms of sugary drinks than others.“Some of us are more vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 1 refers to people who ______.A．never drink soft drinks B．drink less soft drinksC．drink more soft drinks D．produce soft drinks2.（2024·天津实验中学·模拟）Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven," I thought confusedly.It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the house. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep "the things that cannot be and yet they are."By "we were all beside ourselves," the writer means that they all _________.A．felt confused B．looked onC．went wild with joy D．forgot their fights3.（2024·北京·三模）Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two.B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not.C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all.D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times.4.（23-24高三·北京·期中）If you like reading, just come and look through the collection of books. Each grade will have its own week to bring in books. Right now, eighth grade is bringing in books. When every grade has brought in books, we will have quite a selection. You will probably find at least one new book that you’d like to read. Who knows? Maybe you’ll find a book so good that you won’t be able to put it down.What are you waiting for? Go home and clean out your bookshelves and closets!Which of the following words best describes Tony Hill?A．Realistic.B．Convincing.C．Independent.D．Ambitious.5.（2024·北京师大附中·模拟）Don’t put it off, do it now!Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence?A．Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.B．Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.C．Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.D．Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.6.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for being lazy, you might even be shocked and angry. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.What does the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” mean in the first paragraph?A．Disliking unfairness is also monkeys’ nature.B．Monkeys have a reputation for laziness.C．Monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D．No animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.7.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don’t let the tail wag the dog.”What do the underlined words “don’t let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean?A．Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.B．Don’t put the cart before the horse.C．Don’t do one thing under the cover of anotherD．Don’t count the chicken before they are hatched.8.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.......What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”?A．It is rewarding to learn new skills.B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.C．He will explore more with his daughter.D．His daughter will accompany him forever.题型阅读理解A（2024·河北·一模）California’s Water Resources Control Board recently approved new regulations in a unanimous (一致同意的) vote — toilet or shower wastewater will be recycled and pumped into the public drinking water system.In 2023, more than 97% of California has been in moderate to severe drought, while water suppliers are struggling to keep up. A 2022 water supply and demand report indicated that around 18% of water suppliers were at risk of facing potential shortages. “The reality is that anyone out there on Mississippi River and on Colorado River, and anyone out there taking drinking water downstream is already drinking ‘toilet to tap’,” said Esquivel, a director of the Board.Early in the 1990s, the state was struggling to overcome the distaste its residents had toward drinking recycled water. Their efforts fizzled out when the phrase “toilet to tap” caught on and met with fierce resistance. The idea became too unpopular to be implemented. Despite the negative name, the regulations are the key to ensuring the supply of drinking water.California’s new regulations would let water agencies to treat wastewater, and then put it back into the drinking water system. It has taken officials more than 10 years to develop these regulations, a process that included several studies by independent groups of scientists. To put the scheme into effect and build huge water recycling plants, however, water agencies say they will need to prove to people that recycled water is not only safe to drink but also under monitoring.The new regulations require the wastewater be treated for all bacteria and viruses. In fact, the treatment is so intense that it removes all of the minerals that make fresh drinking water taste good. That means the minerals need to be added back at the end of the process. “What we have here are standards, science, and importantly monitoring that allow us to have safe pure water, and probably better in many instances,” said Esquivel. He added that it takes time and money to build these treatment centers. So, they will only be available for bigger cities at first.1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2?A．To highlight the current severe climate crisis in California.B．To describe the role of California’s new water regulations.C．To reveal the distribution of water resources in California.D．To show the urgency of water supply reform in California.2．What does the underlined phrase “fizzled out” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Failed.B．Worked.C．Stood out.D．Paid off.3．What is critical for water agencies to conduct the recycling wastewater project?A．Policies from the government.B．The recognition by the public.C．Scientific research on wastewater.D．The construction of recycling plants.4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．The minerals will be preserved in the treatment.B．The treatment centers will be built in rural areas.C．The recycled water seems to be of better quality.D．Bacteria will be produced in the treating process.B（23-24·湖南株洲一中·期末）Geologists have long been fascinated by a missing piece of Earth’s history — a lost continent called Argoland. Around 155 million years ago, the 5,000-kilometer continent broke off from Western Australia and began drifting(漂移), leaving behind a basin deep below the ocean known as the Argo Abyssal Plain. But where did Argoland actually go?The seabed structure suggests that the continent drifted northwestward and ended up Southeast Asia. But surprisingly, there is no large continent hidden beneath those islands, only small continental fragments(碎片) surrounded by ancient oceanic basins. Using this theory, geologists at Utrecht University discovered that Argoland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented collection” under the islands to the east of Indonesia.Unlike other continents like Africa and South America, which broke neatly into two pieces, Argoland split into many smaller fragments that were dispersed, which made it difficult for scientists to locate and study the continent’s geological features. However, with advanced technology and the discovery, scientists can now piece them together.Tracing the continents is vital for understanding processes like the evolution of biodiversity. It could help explain something known as the mysterious Wallace line, which is an imaginary boundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Southeast Asian islands. The boundary has puzzled scientists because of how clearly it separates the island’s wildlife. To the west of the line are placental mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almost completely absent to the east, where you can find marsupials and cockatoos — animals typically associated with Australia. Researchers have theorized that this may be because Argoland carried its own wildlife away from Australia before it crashed into Southeast Asia, which helps explain why different species are found in different nations.The story of Argoland is not one of complete disappearance but of transformation. As the world continues to evolve, this lost continent serves as a powerful symbol of the fragility of life on this planet, and a reminder of the importance of respecting and protecting the world that we live in.5．What do we know about Argoland?A．It split into two pieces many years ago.B．It broke away from the continent of Africa.C．It sank to the bottom of the Argo Abyssal Plain.D．It exists as fragments under the eastern islands of Indonesia.6．What does the underlined word “dispersed” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Crashed.B．Connected.C．Distributed.D．Disappeared.7．Why does the author mention the “Wallace line” in paragraph 4?A．To introduce the early history of Argoland.B．To stress the significance of tracing Argoland.C．To prove the biodiversity of Southeast Asian islands.D．To explain the evolutionary process of Australian species.8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．The Discovery of a Lost Continent B．The Boundaries of Wildlife HabitatsC．The Geological Features of Argoland D．The Formation of the Argo Abyssal Plain1.（2024年全国甲卷B篇）Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?A. Perform appropriately.B. Move faster.C. Act strangely.D. Do better.2.（2024年新高考I卷C篇）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain..C. Become ready to use.D. Become easy to notice.3.（2024年新高考II卷D篇）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady intothe understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making fora guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. If read by someone poorly educated.B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.C. If written by someone less competent.D. If translated by someone unacademic.4.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Understand.B. Paint.C. Seize.D. Transform.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?A．Be careful! B．Well done!C．No way! D．Don't worry!8.（2022年全国乙卷C篇）Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Money spent without hesitation.B．Money not legally made.C．Money offered without conditions.D．Money not tied together.10.（2020年新高考I卷C篇）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Developing a serious mental disease.B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.。

高考阅读理解词义推测题专项词义猜测题是利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。

常见的考题形式有：1.The word“….”refers to/probably means…..2.The underlined word could be replaced by….3.Which of the following words can take the place of “…..”?4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph5 refer to?5.What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?实战演练A（全国II）Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场). Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze(热潮）.Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe.Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private (私有的) cars. This has led to the growth of a Leisure industry in the capital's suburbs (郊区), which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people, According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government Offices.The problem is making money. Starting ski resorts requires quite a lot of money; hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers.The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And. as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job.1. What does this text mainly talk about?A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.2. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?A. To visit more ski areas.B. To ski on natural snow.C. For a large collection of ski suits.D. For better services and equipment.3. The underlined words "leisure industry" in Paragraph 3 refer to__________.A. transport to ski resortsB. production of family carsC. business of providing spare time enjoymentsD part-time work for people living in the suburbs4. What is the main problem in running a ski resort?A. Difficulty in hiring land.B. Lack of business experience.C. Price wars with other ski resorts,D. Shortage of water and electricityB(北京)The Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduatesearn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And there teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to __________.A. taxpayersB. pressing callsC. college graduatesD. government resources2. The author thinks that with full government funding __________.A. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.A. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students’ studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher educationC（天津）Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.Think about some off the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccerballs but also a promising future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.A. be a team leaderB. obey the basic rulesC. act as a grown-upD. predict possible danger2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.A. describe life in an exciting wayB. turn real-life experiences into a playC. make learning life skills more interestingD. change people’s views of sporting event s3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.A. bring fun to poor kidsB. provide soccer balls for childrenC. give poor kids a chance for a better lifeD. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids5．What can be inferred from the passage?A. Games benefit people all their lives.B. Sports can get all athletes together.C. People are advised to play games for fun.D. Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.D(重庆)One morning more than thirty years ago. I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed and empty chair next to an elderly. Unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone; I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might are no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked.“May I get you something?”“A coffee would he nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked.“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men ! ”My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerely.1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. UnfriendlyB. untidyC. GentleD. kind2. The author bought coffee for the old man because ______.A. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to how his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. How did the author probablyy feel after he talked with his friend?A. ProudB. PitifulC. SurpriseD. Regretful4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generousB. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high position are not like what we expectD. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.E(课标全国卷)There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up atButterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.1. The author expected the train trip to be________ .A. adventurousB. pleasantC. excitingD. dull2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?A. The friendly country people.B. The mountains along the way.C. The crowds of people in the streets.D. The simple lunch served on the train.3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare forD. carry on4. Where was the writer going?A. Johore BaruB. The Causeway.C. ButterworthD. Singapore5. What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train.B. Pleasure of living in the country.C. Reading gives people delight.D. Smiles brighten people up.。

第17讲词义猜测题（模拟精练+真题演练）根据文章选择正确的选项1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. Besides volunteering to deliver groceries for free, New Yorkers also reached out to translate the Invisible Hands flyers into over a dozen languages, enabling the organisation to reach out to more members of the community.What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” mean in paragraph 3?A．Cause great damage.B．Reduce the impact.C．Fill a huge gap.D．Recover slowly.2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappoint.D．Outpace.3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The National Merit Scholarship is one awarded to those who do well on the Preliminary SAT or the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation will grant around 7,600 students the scholarship after an intense filtering of about 1.6 million entries.What does the underlined word “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?A．Selecting.B．Cooperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.4.（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. “Babies don’t explore the world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select.” says Dr Francesco Poli.That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not?5.（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）Just 17 months earlier, this trip had seemed impossible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnosed with type I diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt so low, thinking, ‘What am I going to do now in life, stuck with this?’”The news put in jeopardy all Mavani’s hopes of travelling. She retired the year before and her son eventually flew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thought, ‘Hooray, I can enjoy life.’” But her diagnosis made Mavani scared to leave the house. Her elder sister came to help, but Mavani “couldn’t walk to the local park” without feeling unwell. Very slowly, Mavani built herself up from walking around the block to taking gentle gym classes. It was there that she met Hazel, who invited her to a talk about climbing Kilimanjaro.What does the underlined part “put in jeopardy” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Announced.D．Threatened.6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）As parents, we always hope to develop character traits in our children that will enhance their success in life. When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following note wrapped around the tiny tooth.Der Tooth Fairy，Pleze leve me yor majik wand(杖). I want to be a tooth fairy, too.Luv Meegan Recognizing potential leadership skills, precious opportunity and the teachable moment, the “Tooth Fairy” left the following note for little Meegan:What does the underlined phrase “the teachable moment” refer to?A．Meegan lost a tooth.B．Meegan wrapped a tooth.C．Meegan wrote a note.D．Meegan received a note.7.（2023年江苏南京金陵中学模拟预测）Meanwhile, it appears that schools are trying hard to figure out how to counteract the use of ChatGPT. Many schools have banned ChatGPT on school devices and networks, and educators are adjusting their teaching styles. Some are turning to more in-class essays, while others are looking at how they can incorporate the technology into the classroom.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “counteract” in paragraph 5?A．reduce B．increase C．support D．delay8.（2023年江苏南通海安高级中学统考）“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false. What does the underlined word “falsities” mean in the last but one paragraph?A．False information.B．Something new.C．Various resources.D．Timely responses.9.（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）The researchers found that participants who watched videos with the human-like robot were more likely to rate the robot’s actions as intentional, rather than programmed, while those who only interacted with the machine-like robot were not. This shows that mere exposure to a human-like robot is not enough to make people believe it is capable of thoughts and emotions. It is human-like behavior that might becrucial for being deemed as an intentional agent.What does the underlined word ”deemed“ in paragraph4 probably mean?A．Believed.B．Persuaded.C．Performed.D．Advocated.10.（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）A few years ago, when I was caring for my seriously ill father, I lost my voice. At first, I just sounded hoarse when I was having difficult conversations about Dad’s condition. But before long, I couldn’t even say “Yes please” to a cup of tea without sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse. After consulting an ear, nose and throat specialist, I was told that I had lost my voice due to stress.What does the underlined word “hoarse” mean in the first paragraph?A．Unable to speak.B．Unable to express oneself.C．(Sounding) sweet and smooth.D．(Sounding) rough and unpleasant.11.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）A few weeks earlier, the families here had learned the district was planning to diminish the Filipino language program at Longfellow Elementary School by combining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, decreasing the number of spots available by roughly half. Located in San Francisco’s Excelsior neighborhood, the school hosts a large Filipino student body. Its full-day language program is one of just a handful of programs throughout the country offering an elementary school-level ethnic studies curriculum.What does the underlined word “diminish” mean in paragraph 3?A．Continue.B．Launch.C．End.D．Reduce.12.（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟预测）For an atmosphere with Earth’s atmospheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans, and once we reach levels of 10 per cent CO2, we will suffocate even if there is abundant oxygen. The proposed absolute best-case scenario (设想)for changing Mars leaves us with an atmosphere we are incapable of breathing.What does the underlined word “suffocate” mean in Paragraph4?A．Choke.B．Faint.C．Hurt.D．Explode..13.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）Dogs can be trained to roll over and play dead. But their ancient instincts from their wolf ancestors are still there. Instincts, or instinctive behaviors, are behaviors that are done without thinking. They don’t have to be learned. For example, some dogs will scratch the ground after pooping(排便). But they’re not trying to bury their poop. They want other animals to notice it. “They are depositing smell in those areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almost like drawing a picture with a big red marker around it,” he added.Which can best replace the word “depositing” in Paragraph 3?A．leaving B．hiding C．removing D．detecting14.（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）More than 100 countries worldwide sell Happy Meals at McDonald’s locations. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread concern about children’s meals at fast-food restaurants, the company revamped its options to selections that were lower in calories, sodium, saturated fat and sugar.What does the underlined word “revamped” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Challenged.B．Offered.C．Adjusted.D．Distributed.15.（2023广东深圳外国语学校模拟测试）This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity(生物多样性) goals for the next decade. Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive outcomes for species.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Doing something positive.B．Organizing the meeting.C．Talking about biodiversity.D．Expanding protected areas.用适当的单词填空1.（2023年全国乙卷D篇）The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate andnon-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. V oice.D. Society.2.（2022年新课标I卷C篇）Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.3.（2022年新课标II卷C篇）This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?A．Provided shelter for me.B．Became very clear to me.C．Took the pressure off me.D．Worked quite well on me.4.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.C．Bring back lost memories.D．Stick to a promise.5.(2022年全国乙卷)That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Personnel safety.B．Assistance from drones.C．Inspection and repair.D．Construction of infrastructure.6.（2022年浙江卷6月）How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.28．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successfulC．a has a natural talent for his job.D．gets on well with his co-workers7.（2021年全国乙卷）In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.8.（2021年新高考I卷）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.8.（2021年新高考II卷）As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?A. Behave badly.B. Lose their way.C. Sleep soundly.D. Miss their mom.9.（2021年浙江卷1月）“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”9．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.10.（2021年浙江卷6月）In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms。

高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题(含答案)1.The boy was so naughty that he often got into trouble. What does "naughty" mean?A.cleverB.badC.shyD.kind答案：B。

解析：根据后文“he often got into trouble”可知这个男孩经常惹麻烦，所以“naughty”的意思是调皮捣蛋的、不好的，即“bad”。

选项A“clever”聪明的不符合语境；选项C“shy”害羞的也不符合；选项D“kind”善良的与惹麻烦不相符。

2.The old man walked slowly along the path. What does "path" mean?A.roadB.riverC.fieldD.building答案：A。

解析：老人沿着某个地方慢慢地走，结合常识可知通常是沿着路走，“path”在这里的意思是路，即“road”。

选项B“river”河流；选项C“field”田野；选项D“building”建筑物，都不符合语境。

3.The girl was very excited when she saw the beautiful flower. What does "excited" mean?A.tiredB.happyC.sadD.angry答案：B。

解析：女孩看到漂亮的花，通常会感到高兴，“excited”在这里表示兴奋的、激动的，和“happy”意思相近。

选项A“tired”疲劳的；选项C“sad”悲伤的；选项D“angry”生气的都不符合语境。

4.The dog barked loudly at the stranger. What does "barked" mean?A.jumpedB.ranC.shoutedD.slept答案：C。

专题十二 猜测词义探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份 课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ 2019 第25题 第21题,第25题 第26题 2018 第29题 第26题 第32题 2017 第33题 第26题 第29题 2016 第29题 第27题,第30题 第26题,第30题 2015 第31题 第22题 —— 考点内容 要求学生能够读懂书籍、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,根据上下文推断生词的词义。

分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

它不仅涉及学生的语言水平,还涉及学生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。

猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对学生多方面综合能力的考查。

因此,今后的高考中这类试题也将保持平稳趋势,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案 。

【五年高考】A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:329For Canaan Elementary ’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it ’s Chris Palaez ’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he ’s nervous.“I ’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,‘I don ’t know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.2.What does the underlined word“stumbles” in paragraph2refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students’public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future jobsD.inspire students’love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案1.B2.A3.A4.CPassage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.In trying to connect to her sister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant.There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4%of the world’s population,a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1.Who does“I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.答案1.C2.C3.DPassage3(2019课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn’t good at sports.C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph2mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She’ll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6,800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages;the Americas about1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage5(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious.Whocares?However,they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”.For this purpose,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert,to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a children’s party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage6(2018课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:304Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things,and it worked. Because of our efforts,our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks,I’ve been thinking of bigger,deeper questions:How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with,need,and use less?Yesterday,I sat with my son,Shepherd,determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes,ten minutes,max.I chose a red rubber ball—simple,universally available.We passed it,he tried to put it in his mouth,he tried bouncing it,rolling it, sitting on it,throwing it.It was totally,completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words“more is more” in paragraph1probably mean?A.The more,the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money,more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parent’s love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of Giving答案1.A2.C3.A4.CPassage7(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it’s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It’s delicate.B.It’s expensive.C.It’s complex.D.It’s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph2refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet’s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage8(2017课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:289I first met Paul Newman in1968,when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:humorous,aggressive,and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly,but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.C.He wasn’t famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph3refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.答案1.C2.D3.A4.BPassage9(2017课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:291After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.By last year,the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than170wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the1920s,wolves had practically disappeared fromthe Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes,and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly30years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.答案1.D2.C3.A4.BPassage10(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March2012,I’ve done89trips—of those,51have been abroad.I have42hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got72hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won’t last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage11(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:294Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have45minutes today—and45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you?”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night,when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime,in class,okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students’interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage12(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:323On one of her trips to New York several years ago,Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes,another customer was approaching their table.“Hey,aren’t you from Mississippi?”the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought,the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.“I don’t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last50or so years.“I don’t have to.”Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that,at78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train,she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph6refers to Welty’s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage13(2015课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:211Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over200paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from。

1.（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Excep t for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.2.（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my k ids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help forthe single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’teven on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing vol unteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork. B Appeal to feelings. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.3.（2019•新课标全国卷III，B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China —its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A．learning from B．looking down on C．working with D．competing against4.（2019•北京高考，D）By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable5. （2019•浙江高考题，B）Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.答案：1. A 2.B 3.D 4. A 5.C。

词义猜测之短语猜测题AAfter serving as a ski guide in Utah’s back country for more th an two decades，a Park City woman is being recognized by Outside Magazine as 2015’s Best Ski Guide.Deb Lovci grew up in Colorado and began skiing when she w as five years ter she moved to Utah and fell in love with the back country of Wasatch Mountains.Lovci has now served as a Ski Utah Interconnect guide for 27 years.“Anything that you slide on snow，I’m in love with，” she said.Lovci leads ski tours through the back country of six different r esorts located in the Wasatch Mountains.Lovci typically takes a group of eight to ten people on a ski tour each day，and on average，she takes 300 customers on tours through the back country e ach season.She loves showing off Utah’s wilderness.“I love th e back country，” she said.“I love the snow science behind it.I love the safety...I just love it.”Along with leading ski tours，Lovci is passionate about anything related to activities.She also runs a bedandbreakfast in Park City，the Old Town Guest House.As “a jackofalltrades”，she also runs Alpine skis，Nordic skis competitively，and snowboards，and leads mountain bike tours during the summer.Outside Magazine selected five travel guides in various outdo or fields to name as the best in their Best of Travel April issue. Lovci said she was unexpectedly cheerful when she was sele cted as 2015’s Best Ski Guide by Outside Magazine.“We all w ork really hard in what we do and we love it and it’s really nice to get acknowledged，” she said.“I work with a lot of excellen t guides and the award could have gone to anybody—any one of us.I often recall my ski experiences which were fea rful at the beginning，but they helped me achieve a succe ss.”In a news release，Ski Utah director of communications，Paul Marshall said，“Deb Lovci is one of the most enthusiastic，focused，knowledgeable guides in the industry.Without her as the forefr ont of our Interconnect Tour，we would not have the success we have.She has been an ent husiastic part of the Interconnect Tour for 27 years and is tho ught highly of by our customers.”1．What helped Deb Lovci to be selected as 2015’s Best Ski Guide?A．Her being ready for any ski risks.B．Her love for Utah’s wilderness and her ski experiences. C．Her dreaming of the best ski job on the planet.D．Her gender and age.答案B解析细节理解题。