新编英语教程 4 Unit 8 Antarctica

Unit 8Active reading (1)Reading and understanding2 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The writer uses the Eiffel Tower as an example of a monument that has become a beloved symbol inspite of being unpopular with some people at the time of its creation. Ironically, the Eiffel Tower wasnot built with any greater aim than simply to be large and imposing, yet now it is seen as representingthe city of Paris.3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why was the Eiffel Tower built so high?(a) To prove that the French had the technical ability to construct sucha tower.(b) To win a competition with the city of Washington, DC.(c) So it could also be used for scientific purposes.(d) To keep it from seeming too practical.2 According to the passage, why were most of the great towers of the world built?(a) To provide views of the land below.(b) For religious reasons.(c) For military and defensive purposes.(d) As symbols of certain cities or countries.3 Why did Guy de Maupassant frequently have lunch at the Eiffel Tower?(a) Because he enjoyed the view from the top.(b) To hide the fact that he did not like the Tower.(c) So that people would see him there while he ate.(d) Because he could not see the Tower if he was inside it.4 Why did so many tourists visit the Eiffel Tower when it opened?(a) To both look at it and to enjoy the view from it.(b) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(c) Because it was included in the Paris Exhibition of 1889.(d) As a way to protest the negative opinions of the “effete class”.5 Why did both Hitler and Algerian rebels want to destroy the Tower?(a) Because the Tower also served military purposes.(b) Because Resistance fighters used the Tower as a base.(c) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(d) So their armies could not be seen by defenders.6 Which of the following is NOT true of the Eiffel Tower today?(a) It is frequently shown on tourist posters.(b) It is the tallest structure in Paris.(c) It is considered a symbol of France.(d) It is seen differently from how it was at first.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to build something such as a statue or a bridge (erect)2 very tall (lofty)3 extremely large (gigantic)4 relating to the period of European history between about the year 1000 AD and the year 1500 (medieval)5 relating to the people who live in a town or city or the duties and responsibilities they have as citizens(civic)6 clear glass of very good quality (crystal)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.The cathedral of Nôtre Dame in Paris is one of the city’s most beautiful Gothic monuments. The site ofthe cathedral is quite old, and in fact, some archaeologists believe that Nôtre Dame was built on the siteof earlier churches and (1) medieval buildings. Maurice de Sully, Bishop of Paris, decided to (2) erectthe Nôtre Dame cathedral because the city’s population was growing. It was the first truly (3) giganticcathedral to be built in France, large enough to both meet the city’s religious needs and to inspire (4) civicpride in the beauty of its monuments. The cathedral took nearly 200 years to build, and is therefore a blendof different architectural styles. The cathedral’s two (5) lofty towers are 69 metres high, and visitors whoclimb to the top have a wonderful view out over the city of Paris. Nôtre Dame is particularly famous forits elaborate windows made from colourful stained glass that shines like (6) crystal in the sunlight, and theintricate stone carvings that decorate the outside of the cathedral.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The architects promised to complete the tower spending no more than the allotted budget. (vowed)2 The critic’s assessment of the painting rose above popular opinion. (transcended)3 Thousands of visitors came to the opening of the new technology display. (exhibit)4 Germany and France were enemies during World War II, but today coexist peacefully. (opponents)5 A well-designed house combines both beauty and functionality and usefulness. (utility)6 I felt irritated and offended when our visitors criticized the buildings in our town. (indignant)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 If there is an outburst of activity, do people (a) get very angry about something they are doing, or(b) suddenly start doing something with a lot of feeling and energy?2 Is a celebration of brotherhood an appreciation of (a) family ties, or(b) humanity?3 If someone is ostensibly wealthy, are they (a) extremely, or (b) apparently but not necessarily wealthy?4 If an official extolled the benefits of a new law, would they (a) praise the law, or (b) say negative thingsabout it?5 If your teacher gives you a difficult homework assignment and then relents, does it mean they (a)change their mind and say you don’t have to do it, or (b) strongly insist that you complete it?6 Is an effete group of people those who are (a) strong and wise, or (b) weak and lacking in character?7 Is an initiator someone who (a) begins, or (b) ends something?8 If something has been dismembered, has it been (a) taken apart, or (b) repaired and put back together?9 If you hoist a flag, do you (a) fold it up and put it away, or (b) raise it up in the air on a flagpole?10 If something is inconceivable, does that mean that it (a) cannot be completed, or (b) cannot beimagined?Active reading (2)2 Look at the title of the passage and check (¸) the meanings of the architecture you think the passagewill discuss.√ function sorrow√ usefulness √ power√ pleasure √ beautyfear lovesatisfaction √ religionThe meaning of architectureReading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The main idea of the passage is that (d) .(a) most people disagree about the meaning of a particular building(b) the function of a building is more important than its form(c) architecture varies among countries because of different cultural influences(d) architecture has a number of meanings beyond the practical function2 The writer compares architecture to language to show that (c) .(a) it is difficult to interpret(b) its meaning changes over time(c) it can communicate in different ways(d) critics and common people have different ideas3 The main problem with the blocks of flats in Britain built in the 1960s and 1970s was that (b) .(a) they weren’t lofty enough to be practical(b) there weren’t enough community facilities and green spaces nearby(c) the architects weren’t interested in the inhabitants’ comfort(d) the style was visually unattractive4 The writer says that the Rockefeller Center (a) .(a) communicates both human and spiritual power(b) was so expensive to build that it is unique(c) serves as a spiritual gathering place for people today(d) shows how man no longer needs to rely on religion5 According to the writer, architecture gives us a vision of paradise on earth (a) or (d) .(a) through churches, mosques, and monasteries(b) through buildings that work together with the natural landscape(c) by providing shelter from the forces of nature(d) by imitating and mimicking the natural surroundings4 Match the buildings with the meanings they communicate.1 (e)2 (h)3 (a)4 (b)5 (c)6 (g)7 (d)8 (f)Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to suggest that something is likely to exist or be true (imply)2 the fact of being a sensible or reasonable explanation or idea (logic)3 the opportunity or freedom needed to do or develop something (scope)4 to think very carefully about something for a long time (contemplate)5 the situation of being successful and having a lot of money (prosperity)6 comments that show you think something is wrong or bad (criticism)7 the way in which the different parts of something are arranged (layout)8 relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially difficult orcomplicated ideas and subjects (intellectual)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.The Bauhaus movement was a style of architecture popular in Germany in the early 20th century.The Bauhaus school itself operated from 1919 to 1933, but its influence can still be seen today, as the(1) scope of its influence affected architecture, art, graphic design, and interior design. The movementemphasized a(n) (2) intellectual approach to design, emphasizing practicality and utility. It was felt thatform should not be separated from function. Architects used (3) logic instead of aesthetics to designthe most practical buildings they could. The most common (4) layout was square or rectangular, asthese shapes were considered the most efficient. Bauhaus members expressed strong (5) criticism ofearlier decorative, expressive architecture. Objects should be cheap and functional, and not restrictedby personal (6) prosperity. A major criticism of the Bauhaus school was that beauty is an important“function” of architecture and art, and that humans need to (7) contemplate attractive, decorative objectsand surroundings in order to be happy, and are not, as the Bauhaus founders (8) implied, satisfied only bypracticality.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 Designers of light, modern buildings view the heavy, ornate buildings of the past with contempt. (scorn)2 Tall apartment buildings are often placed in city centres. (located)3 Some people feel that modern society places great value on extreme speed and efficiency. (worships)4 It was difficult to tightly squeeze all of my belongings into the small suitcase. (compress)5 This apartment building is designed for middle- class workers with average, reasonable salaries.(moderate)6 Critics use both intellectual and artistic abilities when they judge architectural achievements. (faculties)7 We assume that buildings will need to take energy efficiency into account in the near future. (presume)8 One job of an engineer is to understand and translate the archit ect’s ideas. (interpret)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is idealistic, is it (a) practical, or (b) impractical?2 Does suspension refer to (a) being hung from above, or (b) being supported from below?3 If a painting does justice to someone, does it (a) reflect their looks accurately, or (b) make their looksworse than they really do?4 Is a breathtaking scenic view one that is (a) dangerous or frightening, or (b) very beautiful orimpressive?5 Is a sumptuous dinner one that is (a) small and modest, or (b) large and elegant?6 If something is described as having an extravagance of a particular quality, (a) is it too expensive, or (b)does it use an extreme or unreasonable amount of something?7 Is someone’s sentiment their (a) feelings or emotions, or (b) intellectual judgment?8 Does the study of ethics involve the judgment of (a) what is beautiful, or (b) what is right or wrong?9 If something is exquisite, is it (a) very beautiful, or (b) unusual or rare?10 Does a mortal refer to (a) an ordinary person, or (b) a god?Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Rewrite the sentence from the passage The Eiffel Tower in the diagram below.Bouguereau, the academic painter; Garnier, the architect of the Opéra; Dumas, Jr., the novelist; Gounod,the composer; Leconte de Lisle, the poet; Prudhomme, the essayist; Guy de Maupassant, the novelist, allsigned a resounding letter of indignant protest to the Minister of Public Works in an attempt to stop “thehorror”.Bourgereau Garnier Dumas, Jr. Gounod Leconte Prudhomme Guy dede Lisle Maupassantthe the architect the the the poet the theacademic of the novelist composer essayist novelistpainter Opéra2 Look at the sentences from the passage The Eiffel Tower and answer the questions.1 Sir Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace not only served royally the Great Exhibition but, being demountable,was transferred afterwards to Sydenham, where it was used for sculpture, painting and architecturalexhibits, and for concerts until November 1936, when it burned, a lost symbol of happiness andbrotherhood.(a) What was transferred to Sydenham?The Crystal Palace.(b) Why was it possible for it to be transferred?It was demountable.(c) What was the Palace used for in Sydenham?It was used for sculpture, painting and architectural exhibits and concerts.(d) What burned?The Crystal Palace.2 Monsieur Eiffel extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top, its usesas a laboratory to experiment with wind and gravity, but the innerspring to its construction was todemonstrate that France, 100 years after the revolution, was a leader of the technical world, capable ofrealizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high, almost 1,000 feet.(a) What uses did Monsieur Eiffel praise the Tower for?He extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top and its uses as alaboratory to experiment with wind and gravity.all signed aresounding letterof indignantprotest to theMinister ofPublic Worksin an attempt tostop “the horror”.(b) What was his main motivation in constructing the Tower?To demonstrate that France was a leader of the technical world.(c) What did he say France was capable of doing?Realizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high.3 They went to look at the Tower as much as to look from it, to look inside, at its filigree of steel, as muchas to point out the other monuments of their city.(a) What reasons did people have for visiting the Tower?To look at and from the Tower.(b) What could they look at inside the Tower?Its steel framework.(c) How could they point to other monuments in Paris?By ascending it and getting a view of the city.collocations3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the box. Sometimes more than one collocationis possible.1 Many people cannot make sense of architecture, in fact they find it abstract and confusing.2 To be an architect, you need to acquire many practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge.3 He said that his country will not remain indifferent to what is happening in the area and is deeplyconcerned over the security situation there.4 Despite the financial crisis, we remain confident that we can meet our long-term financial goals.5 We are well aware of the adverse / harmful / negative effects on people’s health of working in a noisyoffice.6 The architects had a few problems with the builders but a common sense approach helped solve them.7 They have the habit of setting aside some money each month towards buyinga new flat.8 Aside from the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport, what else has Norman Foster designed?Additional ActivityFill in the blanks using proper words from the collocation box.1 The rude man. He just aside my request.2 Where can we acquire further on these scholarships?3 You are right in a , but equally you are wrong.4 Some people find acquiring a foreign very difficult.5 What has he written? I can’t any sense of it.6 These are not small changes – they will surely have effects on the university.7 She’s a fine teacher – she has certainly had a beneficial on some of the least cooperativestudents.8 Her expression remained . She either has no feelings or hides them very well.9 In no of the word can you say I enjoyed that film.10 that aside for a moment and help me with this.Key: 1 brushed 2 information 3 sense 4 language 5 make6 far-reaching7 effect8 unchanged9 sense 10 Leave4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.But architecture as a process and a means has other meanings. So much of architecture has the bestintention of creating pleasure or a sense of satisfaction, even if it doesn’t always succeed. It may be themoderate pleasure of combining form with function. The shanty towns in Rio or Mumbai demonstrate anorganic architecture which has no overall layout or prescribed plan, and no obvious logic, but its functionis to protect and shelter the inhabitants who would otherwise live in discomfort on the streets.Presumably, even the architects who designed the tower blocks of flats in the war-damaged cities of Britainin the 1960s and 1970s aspired to combine the economy of space to the maximum effect and for the benefitand pleasure of the people who were going to live there. There was nothing malign about their intentions,even though they were overoptimistic about the simplicity of imposing a new relationship between thespace and the occupiers. In the end, it wasn’t the neo-brutalism of the style or the materials – square formsmade of reinforced concrete, often located with little or no regard to the environment, and rising 20 or 30floors into the cloudy British skies –which brought criticism and scorn on this modernist architecture. Itwas the absence of gardens, shops and a sense of community which challenged and finally defeated thisidealistic attempt to define a new way of living in cities.然而，作为一种方法和手段，建筑艺术还有其他的意义。

Book IV Unit 8 In the Jungle在丛林中Annie Dillard1 Like any out-of-the-way place, the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle seems real enough when you are there, even central. Out of the way of what? I was sitting on a stump at the edge of a bankside palm-thatch village, in the middle of the night, on the headwaters of the Amazon. Out of the way of human life, tenderness, or the glance of heaven?如同所有僻远之地，当你身临其境时，厄瓜多尔丛林深处的纳波河就显得那么真实，甚至有中心要地的感觉。

那么僻远之地远离什么呢？夜半时分，在亚马逊河的源头，我坐在一个树墩上，身后是傍水的棕榈叶作屋顶的小村落。

远离人类活动，远离脉脉温情。

或者说远离天堂的扫视？2 A nightjar in deep-leaved shadow called three long notes, and hushed. The men with me talked softly: three North Americans, four Ecuadorians who were showing us the jungle. We were holding cool drinks and idly watching a hand-sized tarantula seize moths that came to the lone bulb on the generator shed beside us.一只欧夜鹰在密密的树叶间发出三声长啼，旋即静默无声。

新标准大学英语综合教程4（unit-8）课后答案及课文翻译应K e y t o b o o k4u n i t1- 4 Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four yearsaway, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or(b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or(b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without makinga decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of anevent (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problem s. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place lookbrighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in use word formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view(a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook) try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should getthe job.3 Since we’r e all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rat her late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, orinteresting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But m y parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetablesthrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is no t all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this r ate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

《新编英语教程》（修订版）第四册Unit 1 [见教材P1]This year it’s going to be different今年会有所不同Will Stanton (U.S.)威尔.斯坦顿（美国）are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in. ②Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. ③I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. ④Find some beauty in everything.... Make the other fellow feel important.... About thirty likethat. ⑤a richer life, boundless love from his family, and the admiration of the community. ⑥I c ould hardly wait until New Year’s Day.①新年计划和其他任何事物一样——你付出多少，你就收获多少。

②从往年的结果来看，我就从来没有付出过，但是今年将有所不同。

③我读了一些关于自我提高的书，并作了记录：要发现各种事物的美；要让对方感觉到自己受到尊重，……大约有三十条。

④很显然，任何人，只要遵循我搜集的这些规则，都会享有更加丰富的人生，都会从家庭中获得无尽的关爱，都会受到社区居民的尊重。

⑤我几乎迫不及待地要过新年了。

①When I came downstairs Maggie, my wife, was at the kitchen sink.②I tiptoed over and kissed her on the back of the neck. (Resolution No. 1: Be spontaneous in showing affection.) ③She shrieked and dropped a cup.④“Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again!” she cried.①我下了楼梯，妻子Maggie正在厨房的洗涤槽旁边。

Unit 8 preparation workText I AntarcticaI. pre-reading questions1. How many continents are there in the world?2. Do you know Antarctica? How did you know it? What kind of news about it are you often informed through the media?3. How much do you know about the Antarctica, its vegetation, water, climate, temperature, animals, people?II. background knowledgethe Antarctica (location, area, climate, nature resources, vegetation, inhabitation, government, military, transportation , communication); the Antarctica exploration;III. Key words:distinctive (distinct, instinct, instinctive), set eyes on, tenure, populated, be inclined to, a handful of, as regards, precipitation, by far, be injurious to, knot, have an effect on, small wonder that, drawbackIV. Post-reading questions:1. According to the writer, will the ice sheet of Antarctica one day melt?2. Why does the writer say that Antarctica is in fact our planet’s largest and most spectacular natural phenomenon?3. What does the writer mean by “North of the Arctic Circle, tens of thousands of families live in comfort all the year round; …”?4. Why do you think people used to regard the Arctic and the Antarctic as much alike?What are the similarities and differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic?5. Why does the writer say that “even today man’s tenure of it is unsure”?6. What dose the writer intend to tell the reader about Antarctica by presenting a strikingdescription of it? Use a few words to describe its most distinctive appearance.7. Why has no human child ever been born in Antarctica?8. What was the main drawback to the unveiling of Antarctica?V. difficult sentences1. Seen from space, the astronauts tell us, the most distinctive feature of our planet is the ice sheet of Antarctica which “radiates light like a great white lantern across the bottom of the world.”2. Yet 160 years ago no one had ever set eyes on this vast continent, let alone set foot on it; and even today man’s tenure of it is unsure and his knowledge comparatively slight.3. In fact their differences outweigh their similarities. The Arctic is closely hemmed in by the populated landmasses of Europe, America and Asia; the Antarctic in contrast is in splendid isolation, divided from the nearest land by vast reaches of the most tempestuous seas on earth.4. In these conditions it was possible to stand for no more than a few seconds, and then only by leaning forward at an angle of 45°.5. Small wonder that whereas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries man swiftly explored and occupied the rest of his planet, the southernmost continentremained inviolate.VI. Discussion:What can we do to solve the environmental problems of the Antarctica?Text II The Underworld1. Why do people presume that the earth’s interior is of liquid metal?2. What was Jules Verne’s conception of the earth? Is his conception justified? Give your reasons.3. What stops man from getting deeper and deeper into the earth?4. Why does the writer mention the town of Quetta in Baluchistan?。

《新编英语教程》（修订版）第四册Unit 1 [见教材P1]This year it’s going to be different今年会有所不同Will Stanton (U.S.)威尔.斯坦顿（美国）are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in. ②Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. ③I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. ④Find some beauty in everything.... Make the other fellow feel important.... About thirty likethat. ⑤表示关心。

）③她尖叫一声，把一个茶杯摔倒地上，对我大声嚷道“再也不要悄悄地走到我身后啦！”①“You’re looking lovely this morning,” I said. (A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold. )①“你今天上午看起来非常可爱，”我说。

（新年计划：真诚的赞美像金子一样宝贵。

）①“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”“要知道，”她说，“并不是我想要在外边待到凌晨四点的。

”①I took some aspirin and coffee into the living room. ②I’d just started reading the paper when Sammy, our five-year-old, came in. ③He was wearing the watch he’d received for Christmas.④“Say, Dad,” he said, “what makes a watch run?”①我拿了一些阿司匹林和咖啡来到客厅。

全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程4_Unit8课后练习答案Unit 8Text AText organization1.2.Main Events1.Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2.The sweet air3.Various kinds of trees and other plants4.River abundant in fish5.Little girls who liked to play with the writer’s hair6.Children singing lovely songs7.Treating guests with wonderful foods8.People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI. 1. 1) heap 2) was smeared3) warmed 4) dissolve5) thrash 6) out of the way7) hollows 8) tangled9) get his hands on 10) opaque11) at the edge of ; illumined 12) hop2. 1) take…apart 2) resultfrom3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3. 1) After reading the book Little Women , Mary was dying tosee the movie bases on it.2)Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of ouroffice building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground.3)You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective ifyou fuss too much over details.4)Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into anarmchair (feeling) completely exhausted..5)Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-storywriter, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) swarmed to; the spectacular; paddled2) in the heart of; out of the range of3) Day after day; strip; the heaving; slapII. Confusable Words1. 1) worth 2) worthy 3) worthwhile4) worth; worth 5) worthwhile 6) worthy 2. 1) lone 2) alone 3) alone4) lonely 5) lonely 6) alone; lonely III. Usage1.ice-cream2. teas3. wines4. cloth5. soap6. beer7. fuels8. soils9. sugars 10. grassComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) are dying to 2) in the heart of3) tangled 4) paddles5) loop 6) out of sight7) in flocks 8) hopping9) gliding 10) opaque11) thrashing 12) darting13) swarms 14) spectacular2. Theme-related1) running 2) fancy3) incorporate 4) exploring5) guide 6) adventure7) rarely 8) diverse9) survive 10) luckyII. Translation1.1）Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their first date.2) At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.3) The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their arrival.4) Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.5) Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had found it on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.2．Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singingloudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats guiding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there again.。

全新版大学英语综合教程4unit8课件英语是一门很有用的语言，它能使我们有机会去了解世界的广博、多元等。

英语也是一门工具语言。

它能使我们对各种文化的了解更为深入。

它是我们表达自己的一种重要手段。

英语对不同国家来说有不同的意义。

它的存在不仅是为了完成我们日常表达、交际等任务的需要，同时也是我们对世界发展的了解与认知的需要。

英语也是一种工具或手段去与其他语言或其它语言进行沟通的一种手段。

1、我们必须知道，任何一个语言都有他自己不可代替的地位，而英语也是如此。

我们必须记住，任何一个国家的社会发展都不可能完全遵循英语的规则而行，因此英语也必须对各种文化因素都有着自己独特的价值。

英语是一种语言功能的高度集中表现出来的形式。

因此英语不能脱离某一种文化要素而独立存在，而应该同其他语言一起共同存在。

因此英语会随着与其它国家的交流而不断更新、不断发展。

我们可以用我们学习到的许多知识去补充英语。

例如我们可以学到用英语表达自己，可以学到用英语交际；我们可以学习到用英语学习自己文化；还可以学习到用英语表达出自己对某一文化或生活观点。

因为英语也可以与其它国家和地区产生联系并产生影响。

例如英语可以向其他国家学习一些文化或生活现象；而如果一个国家与其他国家不同时也会相互影响。

所以我们在学习语言时也应该学习到这个规律。

2、虽然每个国家所用的语只有一个，但是这并不意味着我们就不能用英语交流。

当我们走进一个新环境，面对一个新的朋友时，有时就必须学会用英语来表达自己。

因此，有时我们需要学习一门新的语言才能和我们的朋友交流。

如在学习英语的过程中，如果我们掌握了正确的英语表达方法，就能在短时间内适应周围环境，逐渐掌握一种新语言。

但是如何掌握一种语言，以及如何学会说这种语言呢？这就需要通过不断学习来实现。

首先，要在学习过程中注意积累英语语料中词汇和语法词汇。

要注意英语词汇量和句子结构方面与英语语料库中相应词汇量相似词汇量大语法词汇量小。

其次要注意英语单词之间要进行比较，注意词与词之间在结构方面是否具有相同规律。

莫扎特的力量总部设在巴黎的艺术家卡蒂亚·埃利亚（Katia Eliad）陷入困境。

她觉得自己的创意被阻挡了，与自己脱节，并且有些莫名的原因无法在她的抽象绘画中使用绿色或蓝色。

所以去年春天，她开始了一个不寻常的对待：莫扎特的音乐每两个小时，一次三个星期的时间，通过特殊的振动耳机过滤，有时会削减最低的音调。

她说，影响是戏剧性的。

“我更加放心自己，和人一起，一切都好，”埃利亚德说，“我觉得在短短8个月内已经做了10年的精神分析。

”蓝色和绿色回到了她的调色板。

至于莫扎特，“当噩梦中醒来时，他就像一个爷爷，平静下来。

沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特出生于250年前，1756年1月27日，并在世界各地庆祝庆祝周年庆典。

今年将充满他的音乐，但也将是时候重新审视他三十五年生活的矛盾和矛盾的解释。

他的角色很多，他的父亲利奥波德在欧洲法庭上游行，那个肮脏的小女孩的信件证明了喜欢淡色的实用笑话。

一个普遍的误解是他被埋在维也纳圣马克思公墓的贫民窟。

另一个未经证实的传奇，由于受到电影Amadeus的影响，得到了广泛的信赖，他将他视为嫉妒法庭对手Antonio Salieri的受害者。

热心崇拜者认为他是神圣的启发，但是一些现代心理学家发现了一种婴儿回归的个性。

如果他今天还活着，萨尔茨堡旅游局的赫伯特·布鲁格（Herbert Brugger）说，他将是“一个流行歌星，在王子，迈克尔·杰克逊和罗比·威廉姆斯之间。

关于这种类型转换有一点新鲜事。

但在过去十年中，莫扎特越来越多地被置于一个可能是最有争议的角色：作为心灵和身体的治疗者。

在这个新时代的解读中，莫扎特是最终的作曲家治疗师，音乐可以帮助治疗从痤疮到阿尔茨海默病的疾病，甚至声称让你和你的孩子更聪明。

其中一些索赔是基于科学的。

芝加哥的一名神经外科医生进行了研究，显示某些莫扎特片段可以降低某些患者癫痫发作的严重性和频率，而加利福尼亚州尔湾的研究人员发现，有些阿尔茨海默病患者在听莫扎特后能够更好地进行心理测试10分钟但是大部分配套材料都是轶事。

⼤学英语综合教程全新版第四册第⼋单元单词1. admirationn. a feeling of respect and liking for sb./sth. 钦佩，羡慕e.g. We have a great admiration for the people's heroes.2. anacondan. ⼤⽔蟒3. antn. 蚂蚁4. bamboon. ⽵（竿）5. banksiden. the slope of a bank especially of a stream （尤指溪流的）岸坡6. barevt. expose, uncover 使露出，裸露e.g. The dog bared its teeth.7. be dying to do sth. /for sth.desire (to do) sth. eagerly ⾮常想做某事（或得到某物）e.g. She was dying to tell them the good news that she had won first prize in the speech contest.8. blindn. a covering that can be pulled down over a window 窗帘9. boan. ⼤蟒蛇10. bown. 船头11. braidn. a length of woven hair, rope, etc. 辫⼦；辫状编织物12. bulbn. 电灯泡；球状物13. butterflyn. 蝴蝶14. canen. 藤条15. clattervi. move quickly and noisily; (cause to) make continuous loud noises by hitting hard objects against each other 喧闹地移动；（使）咔嗒咔嗒地响e.g. She dropped the bucket and it went clattering down the stairs.16. cowln. 僧侣穿戴的头⼱（或带头⼱的长袍）17. crocodilen. 鳄鱼18. cuckoon. 布⾕鸟，杜鹃19. danglevt. hang or swing loosely 摆动；悬垂e.g. A kite is dangling from a telephone wire.20. dartvi. move suddenly and rapidly 迅疾地飞（奔）e.g. The boy darted behind the sofa as his father stormed into the living room.21. dazzlinga. too bright to be seen easily 耀眼的dazzle vt. blind with bright light 使眼花，使⽬眩e.g. His second film has been a dazzling success.22. decorationn. 装饰，装饰品e.g. When will they finish the decoration of the bathroom?23. dinghyn. a small open boat that one sails or rows ⼩帆船，划⼦24. disembarkvi. leave a ship or airplane after a voyage 上岸，登陆e.g. I looked towards the plane. Six passengers had already disembarked.25. dissolvev. fade away, disappear 消散，消失e.g. The characteristics of gases vary widely. Some gases are transparent, some dissolve in water, and some have a strong smell.26. downstreamad. 向下游；在下游e.g. We drifted downstream.27. dugoutn. (also dugout canoe) 独⽊⾈28. Ecuadoriann. 厄⽠多尔⼈29. eeln. 鳗，鳝鱼30. explorern. one that explores, especially one that explores a geographic area 探险家，考察者31. fireflyn. 萤⽕⾍32. fleetn. a number of warships under one command 舰队33. flockn. a group of certain animals （动物）群in flocks in groups 成群地e.g. Penguins are gregarious birds and are found in flocks even at sea.34. foamn. 泡沫，⽔沫e.g. We see foam on water with a lot of soap in it.35. freshlyad. recently, newly 刚才，新近地e.g. This is Richard, who joined our team freshly.36. fringen. the outer edge or limit of sth. 边缘，边界e.g. Near the outer fringes of the solar system lies dark blue Neptune, a gas giant that probably has no true surface.37. fussvi. bustle about; give too much attention to small and unimportant matters 忙乱；⼤惊⼩怪e.g. As soon as they saw the manager the waiters began fussing around the tables.38. get one's hands oncatch hold of, find or get (sth.) 抓到，得到e.g. I wish I could get my hands on a copy of Harry Potter.39. glidevi. move quickly and silently with ease; fly through the air without power 轻快⽆声地⾛；滑翔e.g. At the sight of me she glided across the dance floor to greet me.40. guavan. 番⽯榴41. hammockn. 吊床n. the place where a river begins 源头e.g. Do you know where is the headwaters of the Y angtze River?43. heapn. an untidy pile of something ⼀堆，⼤量e.g. He left his books in a heap on the floor.44. heronn. 苍鹭45. high-pitcheda. (of sounds) very high in pitch ⾳调⾼的，尖声的e.g. a high-pitched debate46. hollown. a space sunk into something 洞⽳e.g. The explorer fell into a muddy hollow while walking in the forest.47. hopvi. (of a person) jump on one foot; (of a bird or other animals) jump with two or all feet at once （⼈）单⾜跳，跳跃；（鸟和其他动物）齐⾜跳e.g. The birds hopped about and pecked the earth briskly, looking for seeds and insects.48. hushvi. be or become silent 安静下来，变得安静e.g. Having cried for half an hour, the little boy hushed.49. idlyad. in an idle manner 空闲地，懒惰地e.g. Since we've got a long holiday we spend a lot of time watching TV, drinking, shopping, or just stay at home idly.50. illuminevt. shine light on 照亮，照明e.g. The sky was illumined by flashes from the volcano.51. impalevt. pierce with a sharp stake or point 刺穿，钉住e.g. The boy fell out of the window and was impaled on the fence.52. in (all) silencewith (complete) absence of sound or noise （完全）不出声地e.g. The kids were listening to the music in the classroom, in complete silence.53. in detailwith specifics 详细地e.g. The police asked the victim of the robbery to describe what happened to him in detail.54. in the heart ofin the center of 在……中⼼e.g. Apartments in the heart of the city are too expensive.55. jeansn. ⽜仔裤56. kingfisher57. loopvt. form or bend into a loop 使成环状e.g. She looped the scarf round her neck and went out into the cold night air.58. loosevt. untie, release 解开，放开e.g. The hunter loosed the arrow without warning.59. lopvt. cut, chop 砍，斩e.g. He had his arm lopped off by an electric saw.60. machete-hewna. ⽤⼤砍⼑砍削⽽成的61. mothn. 蛾，蛀⾍62. mutevt. reduce or stop the sound of 减弱（或停⽌）……的声⾳e.g. At the sight of their teacher walking into the classroom, they muted their voices.63. nightjarn. 欧夜鹰64. now...now...at one time...at another time... 忽⽽……忽⽽……e.g. The junior officer who came into the room looked nervous; his eyes swiveled quickly, now this way, now that, as if he were scanning the room for danger.65. nunn. 修⼥，尼姑66. oarn. a pole with a flat blade pulled by hand to row a boat 桨67. opaquen. not clear enough to allow light through 不透光的，不透明的e.g. Milk is often stored in opaque containers to prevent vitamins from being destroyed by light.68. out of rangetoo far away to be reached, seen or heard 在射程外的，够不到的e.g. We thought that we were out of range of their rifles until the bullets started kicking up the dust in front of us.69. out of sightno longer in view 在视野以外，看不见e.g. The woman didn't go into the house until her daughter drove away and slowly faded out of70. out-of-the-waya. far away from cities and difficult to reach 偏僻的e.g. Their destination this time is a quiet, out-of-the-way resort.71. paddlev. ⽤桨划（船）e.g. Canoes can be paddled by one or more persons.72. paichin. 巨滑⾆鱼（南美⾷⽤⼤型淡⽔鱼）73. parrotn. 鹦鹉74. piranhan. ⽔虎鱼（南美产的⼀种⼩鱼）75. plodv. walk slowly and heavily on（在……上）缓慢⽽沉重地⾏⾛e.g. Don't bother him right now. He's plodding through a mountain of paperwork.76. Quechuan. 盖丘亚族（南美印第安⼈分⽀）语；盖丘亚族⼈77. rainforestn. 热带⾬林78. reputevt. believe, consider 认为，称为e.g. She is widely reputed to be 25 years younger than her husband.79. riversiden., a. 河边（的），河畔（的）e.g. His father used to live in the riverside cottage in Wales.80. roofingn. 屋顶81. sandbarn. 沙洲82. shallown. (usu. pl) a shallow place or area in a body of water 浅⽔域，浅滩83. shorelinen. 海岸线84. slapvt. shoot; hit with something flat 弹射；拍击e.g. Catherine responded to the man's attempt by slapping him.85. slingn. 弹⼸86. slumpvi. sit or fall down heavily 重重地坐下（或倒下）e.g. Kennedy had been hit and slumped to the floor of the automobile.87. smearvt. make (sth.) dirty；spread (a thick liquid, etc.) over a surface 弄脏；涂抹e.g. Don't smear the glasses; I've just polished them.88. Spanishn. 西班⽛语89. spattervt. scatter (drops of liquid, etc.) on a surface 溅，洒e.g. Hot grease spattered in all directions.90. spectaculara. extraordinary; very attractive or impressive 与众不同的；引⼈⼊胜的，壮观的e.g. The British Museum, one of the most spectacular museums in the world, is renowned for its extensive and diverse collection.91. stripn. a long narrow region of land or body of water; a long narrow piece 狭长的地域(或⽔域)；条，带e.g. About 30 million people live along the Californian coastal strip.92. stripeda. 有条纹的e.g. She looked slim in her green and white striped shirt.93. stumpn. 树桩94. swarmvi. move in a crowd 成群地移动，蜂拥e.g. A dark cloud of bees came swarming out of the hive.95. swathn. a long strip 长列separate into its different parts 拆开，分开e.g. When I was young, my parents never blamed me for taking my toys apart.97. tanglevt. catch in or as in a net, trap; mix together or intertwine in a confused mass 使卷⼊，使陷⼊；使缠结，使混乱e.g. I have the sort of hair that tangles easily.98. tarantulan. 鸟蛛，狼蛛99. thatchn. 盖屋顶的材料；茅草屋顶100. theepron. （古）（thou的宾格）= you101. thongn. ⽪带102. thrashvi. move wildly or violently 猛烈摆动，翻腾e.g. The swimmers were thrashing about in the water.103. toen. （脚）趾104. trailvi. extend over a surface 蔓延，伸展e.g. Roses trailing over the walls made her garden so beautiful.105. triangulara. shaped like a triangle 三⾓形的triangle n. a flat, three-sided geometric figure 三⾓形106. tributaryn. a stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water ⽀流107. twinev. wind; twist 蜿蜒；缠绕，交织e.g. The fence post was twined by vines.108. unspoileda. not changed or damaged yet 未改变的，未受破坏的e.g. Local people told us that this was the only unspoiled forest in this country.109. volleyballn. 排球a. 愁苦的；渴求的e.g. a wistful expression111. wobblevi. move in an unbalanced way 摇晃，摇摆e.g. The child's voice wobbled with emotion.Proper NamesAnnie Dillard 安妮·迪拉德Napo 纳波河（流经厄⽠多尔东北部及秘鲁北部的河流）Amazon 亚马逊河（南美洲）Orion 猎户星座Pompeya 庞培亚（地名）Ecuador 厄⽠多尔Gordon MacCreach ⼽登·麦克⾥奇。