祈使句(讲义及答案)

Unit 7 Grammar 祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、建议或劝告等的句子。

祈使句的主语一般是第二人称（you),但往往省略。

祈使句常常给人以“命令”他人的感觉，使人觉得唐突或莽撞。

祈使句一般不对比自己年长的人使用。

若使用，应加上please,或:使用相对委婉的语调。

例句：Open the window, please.请把窗户打开。

★祈使句的肯定形式祈使句可以以be动词，实义动词和Let开头，其肯定形式为be动词/实义动词/Let+其他部分。

例如：1. Be quiet，kids.孩子们，安静点。

2. Listen to me carefully, please.请仔细听我说话。

3. Let’s tell her the truth.让我们把实情告诉她吧。

★祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式为Don’t/Do not + be动词/实义动词/let+其他部分。

注意;let的否定形式还可以为Let’s + not+动词原形.例如：1. Don’t / Do not be late again.不要再迟到了。

2. Don’t / Do not eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西。

3. Don’t / Do not let her leave alone.不要让她独自离开。

4. Let’s not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。

★除了以上语法规则之外，还应注意社会规则和礼仪。

1.紧急状况。

例如：A girl fell into the lake. Help! Help!一个女孩掉进湖里了。

救命啊！救命啊！2.欢呼喝彩。

例如：Come on，Peter! Make another goal!加油，彼得！再进一个球！3.提出请求。

例如：Dad, buy me the bike, please!爸爸，请给我买这个自行车吧！【扩展】a. 祈使句是一种具有较强交际功能的句型。

祈使句I.Grammar1.定义：表示说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令II.Exercise1.and wash your hands.A、GoB、To goC、GoingD、Went2.kind to our brothers and sisters.A、BeingB、To beC、BeenD、Be3.Let's to school.A、to goB、goC、goingD、Went4.Please me look after my baby when I'm out.A、to helpB、helpC、helpingD、helped5.Let me it by myself.A、doingB、to doC、doD、did6.the book here.A、Not putB、Don't putC、Never to putD、Don't putting7.It's raining now. until after the rain.A、Don't let's go out B 、Never let's go outC、Let's not go out D 、Not let's go out8.Not let's go out 8.Sit down, please, ?A、shall weB、will youC、don't youD、shall I答案与解析：祈使句1.考查祈使句。

祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，另一种是在动词原形之前加do（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。

故答案为A。

句意：去洗手。

2.考查祈使句。

祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，另一种是在动词原形之前加do（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。

故答案为D。

句意：对我们的兄弟姐妹要友善。

3.考查let引导的祈使句。

“Let sb.do sth.”让某人做某事。

七年级英语暑假班（教师版）1. Reading for funLesson 15 The coffee plantHow many cups of coffee did you drink yesterday? Where did the coffee come from? There is a goodchancethat your coffee came from one of these countries: Brazil, Colombis, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia. These five countries produce most of the coffee in the world today. Brazil produces abouthalfof the world’s crop of coffee beans.The coffee plant is really a small tree with shiny leaves. A coffee plant grows for about three yearsbefore it produces any fruit. After that, it produces fruit for about 40 years. The coffee beans is the seed of the fruit.It’s difficult to pick coffee beans. Machines can’t do it well, so people pick most of the coffee beansby hand. Workers typically pick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans a day.The old way to grow coffee plants is under large trees. The trees protect the coffee plant from the sun. The trees are also home to many kinds of birds. On manymodernfarms, however, farmers cut down the trees. They grow the coffee plants under the sun. Largefarms can produce more coffee this way. Unfortunately, the coffee plants on these farms need more water and fertilizer. And without the trees, the birds don’t have a place to live. (216 words)A.VocabularyPut the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1.On manyfarms, however, farmers cut down thetrees.2.Brazil aloneproducesaboutof the world’s crop of coffeebeans.3.It’sdifficulttocoffee beans.4.People pick most of thecoffeebeans.5.The treesthe coffee plant from thesun.6.There isagoodthat your coffee comes from one ofthesefive: Brazil, Colombis, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, orEthiopia.7.Workerspick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans aday.8., the coffee plants on these farms need more water and morefertilizer.9.Thesefivecountriesmost of the coffee in the worldtoday.【难度】★★【答案】1. modern2.half3. pick4.byhand5.protect6. chance, countries7.typically8.Unfortunately9. produceB.Vocabulary: NewContextPut the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1.Whatis south ofCanada?2.Feathersa bird from thecold.3.cars have air bags to protectpeople.4.Many people maketheirclothes.5.Howdo peopledates from a datepalm?6.When you cutsomethingin, you have two equalpieces.7.Thedate palmdates.8.Polarbearslive in cold places.9.Thereisnothat she will come withus.10.I want to go to theparty,butI need towork.【难度】★★【答案】1.country2.protect3.Modern4.byhand5. pick6. half7. produces8. typically9.chance10. unfortunatelyC.Vocabulary ReviewUnderline the word that does not belong with the other three.1. oranges, dates, rice, waterhyacinth2. south, east, west, northern3. leaves, flowers,fruit, insects4. broom, machine,roof, sandals5. ocean, lake, desert, aquarium6. raise, grow, produce,kill7. expensive, excited,bored, tired8. hate, save, kill, hurt 【难度】★★【答案】1.waterhyacinth2.northern3. insects4. machine5. aquarium6.kill7. expensive8. saveD.QuestionsThe asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text.1.Which country produces the mostcoffee?2.When does a coffee plant start producing coffeebeans?3.For how many years does the coffee plant producefruit?4.Why do people pick coffee beans byhand?*5. Why can’t machines pick the beans well?6. Why do some farms raise coffee plants under the sun?*7. Is it cheaper to grow coffee plants under trees or in the sun?【难度】★★【答案】1.Brazil2. Afterthreeyears3. About40 years4. Because machines can’t dowell*5. Possible answer: Machines can’t reach the coffee beans.6. They can produce more coffee this way.*7. Possible answer: under the trees because the farmers use more water and fertilizer to grow coffee in the sun.prehension: True/ False/ NoinformationWrite T if the sentence is true. Write F if the sentence is false. Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the text.1. The coffee plant is a smalltree.2. There is only one way to grow coffeeplants.3. Most coffee farms are in southerncountries.4. A coffee plant typically produces fruit for more than 40years.5. It’s difficult to pick coffee beans byhand.6. You need less fertilizer and water to grow coffee undertrees.7. Farms can grow more coffee when they cut down thetrees.8. It’s better to grow coffee plants on largefarms.【难度】★★【答案】1.T2. F3.NI4. F5. T6.T7.T8.NIf. Main ideaMatch the details with the main ideas. Write the letter of each detail under the correct main idea.Detailsa.plants grow undertreesb.plants grow in thesunes morefertilizeres lessfertilizere.produces lesscoffeef.produces morecoffeeg.cuts down the largetreeses largetreeses lesswateres morewaterk.doesn’t provide a home forbirdsl.provides a home forbirds【难度】★★【答案】1.a,d,e, h,i, l2. b, c, f, g, j,k2.语法：祈使句Presentation祈使句概念：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语通常省略。

小升初英语语法知识专项练习祈使句一、单项选择1．你想告诉朋友去客厅看电视，你应该说：A. Go to the li ving room take a shower.B. Go to the study watch TV.C. Go to the living room watch TV.2．______sing . The boy is sleeping.A. NotB. NoC. Don’t3．_______ your hands.A. ClapB. StampC. Touch4．_____ draw a monkey .A. LetB. Let’sC. Lets5．_____ the window.A. Turn onB. Put upC. Close6．.---Put away your books. ---__________A. Thanks.B. All right.C. Sorry.7．_____clean the classroom.A. LetB. Let’sC. Lets8．_____ the window.A. Turn onB. Put upC. Open9．Let’s _______a card for our parents.A. makeB. makesC. to make10．Let me ______ you .A. helpingB. helpsC. help11．— Here are your babies.— _______A. Here you are.B. Thank you.C. You are welcome.12．________ make the room mess.A. Don’tB. DoC. WillD. Are 13．argue！What’s the ?A. Not, matterB. Don’t, matterC. Do, matter 14．Don’t your car here.A. parkB. parkingC. parks15．______(起立), Lingling.A .Stand upB .Sit down C. Goodbye16．________ when you cross the road.A. Do careB. CareC. Be c areful 17．clean the classroom !A. Let weB. Let’sC. Let’s me18．-----No problem . Let me_______you .-----Thank you .A. to helpB. helpingC. help19．Let’s ____________ the lake.A. to go toB. go toC. to go20．I’m very hungry. ____ go to a restaurant.A. LetB. Let’sC. Lets’21．Don’t ________on the road.A. runB. to runC. running 22．walk on the grass .A. Don’tB. Doesn’tC. Do23．_____clea n the desk.A. LetB. Let’sC. Lets24．________ play in the toilet.A. NoB. NotC. Don’t25．如果你想叫别人开门，可以这样说：A. Go to the door.B. Open the door, please.C. Close the door, please.26．_______ litter here please!A. Can’tB. Don’tC. Isn’t27．A．Let's_____ school.A. go toB.goC.to28．Let’s _________!A. paint B .paints C. painting29．_____ your book _____ the desk,Jim.A.put,withB.Touch,withC.Put,on30．Let’s ________the candles and sing the birthday song.A. lightsB. lightC. lighting31．_____the door, please.A. opensB. OpenC. Opened32．______ worry , little Tom . I’ll go with you .A. Don’tB. Doesn’tC. can’t33．Come and________my family.A．look B．looking C．meet34．It’s cold . ________ the window, please.A. CloseB. openC. Open35．Let’s _______ and see.A. goB. to goC. going36．________ me today’s paper, and ________ this b anana to your grandpa, please.A. Bring; takeB. Take; bringC. Carry; bringD. Take; carry（参考答案）一、单项选择1．【答案】C【解析】客厅the living room，看电视watch TV，所以本题答案为C。

祈使句【观察一】请仔细观察下列例句，你能补全结论部分所缺的内容吗？1. Tidy up your room, Sam.2. Open the door, Anna.3. Be careful when crossing the road.【结论一】祈使句是表示向对方发出_____ 、提出_____ 或要求，要对方做某事或不做某事，带有祈使语气的句子。

主语为第二人称，但是常常被_____ 。

【观察二】请仔细观察下列例句。

(A) (B)1. Walk quickly, Tom! 1. Be a good boy, Tony.2. Come in, please! 2. Be polite when you are there.3. Open your books! 3. Be careful!(C) (D)1. I’m a little tired. Let’s have a rest. 1. Don’t stand up.2. Let’s go shopping together. 2. Don’t be late again, Jack.3. Don’t let him go! = Let him not go!【结论二】祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。

肯定式有三种常用句型：1. ________ (+宾语) + 其他成分；2. ______ + 表语（名词或_______）+ 其他成分；3. _______ + _________ + 其他成分；否定式有两种常用句型：1. ______ + ________ (+宾语)+ 其他成分2. _____ + ______ + 表语（名词或______ ）+其他成分。

【观察三】1. Please turn off your phone.2. Come in, please.【结论三】在祈使句中, 为了缓和语气, 使表达更委婉、有礼貌, 常常在_____ 或____加上______。

【Key Points】祈使句1. 表达命令、请求、劝告等的句子。

2. 祈使句省略了主语：第二人称。

3. 谓语动词用原形。

1. Do 型2. Be 型一般情况句首加Don’tdo型：Don’t do…be型：Don’t be…特殊情况1.let sb do sth句型sb.为第一人称时，在 sb.后加notsb.为第三人称时，在句首加don’t2. No+名词/ 动名词“禁止……”3. Never + 动词原形“绝不……”1. 在句首加please 或句末加please(前有逗号)，表委婉语气Please sit down!Sit down，please!2. 意思明显时，谓语动词可省去This way ，please. 请这边走。

3. 为明确对象，可加上称呼，但要用逗号隔开Jim ，come here.4. 为加强语气，可以在肯定句前加 do Dowork hard! 一定要努力学习！第1页/共5页【精讲精练】一．翻译下列句子。

1.开门！2. 现在起床并整理你的床铺。

3. 对他严格点！4. 把电视声音关小点。

5.慢点儿！6.吃慢点儿！7.早一点儿！8. 让我们走吧！9. 不要开门。

10. 不要把电视声音关小。

11. 不要对他严格！12. 不要让她走！13. 我们别去公园了！14.禁止讲话！15.禁止吐痰！16.不要迟到！17. 绝不要迟到！【综合练习】一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.(say)it again.2.the window，please.3.(not，speak)with your mouth full of food and(be) polite.4.(not，let)the baby cry.5.Let’s(not，say)anything about it.6.No!(fish)7.Never(cheat)others.二、单选。

1. Please me some money ，will you?A.lendB.lendingC.to lendD.be lend2.the truth，or I won’t let you leave here.第2页/共5页A.TellB.To tellC.TellingD.Tells第3页/共5页3.out your love.The world will become a nicer place to live in.A. SpokeB. To speakC. SpeakD. Speaking4.He is not honest.believe him.A. NotB. Don’tC. To notD. Not to5.in bed.It’s bad for your eyes.A.Not to readB.Don’t readC.Don’t to readD.Not read6.your child.We’ll look after him.A. Not to worry aboutB. Don’t worry aboutC. Not worry forD. Don’t worry with7. worried about me ，Mom. I’ve grown up.A.Don’tB.Don’t beC.NotD.Not be8.tell a lie.A. HardlyB. NotC. No D .Never9. Sindy，to be here at 8 o’clock.A.is sureB.is sure thatC.will be sureD.be sure10.Lily，the bike there.A.no putB.doesn’t putC.don’t putD.not put11.Jack，，or you will get heavier.A.doesn’t play sports any moreB.doesn’t eat so much meatC.don’t play sports any moreD. don’t eat so much meat12.when you cross the road.A. Do carefulB. CarefulC. Do be carefulD. To be careful13. —The math exam is coming. I’m very nervous.—Just.I’m sure you’ll do well in it.A. make progressB. pay attentionC.take it easyD.look out14. —May I speak to Mr. Smith?—，please.I’ll see ifhe is in.A. Look outB. Hold onC. Get upD. Come on第4页/共5页15. Which is a traffic sign?A. KEEP QUIETB. DO NOT DISTURBC. TURN LEFTD. SOLD OUT三、完成句子。

Unit 4 语法篇祈使句一、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。

其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。

例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。

2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。

例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。

三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Do’t，构成『Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分』。

例如：Don’t say that again!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成『Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)』。

例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。

(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。

例如：Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. ＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。

4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用『No＋名词/V-ing形式』结构，表示『禁止做某事』。

第二十讲祈使句一．复习动词_________放_________坐_________关_________拿_________来_________买_________跳_________跑_________飞_________玩_________游泳_________发送_________给_________穿戴_________喝________居住_________展示________教_________去_________站_________吃_________打电话_________有，吃，喝二．复习动词短语看电视__________________ 看我____________________ 听我说________________打开open；________ ______ 关上close；__________ ______ 收拾，整理____________ 穿上___________________ 脱掉______________________ 开灯__________________站起来_________________ 坐下______________________ 关电视________________调高___________________ 调低______________________ 打开门________________ 三．祈使句(注意情景)定义：祈使句是用来表示_________、_________或_________的句子。

1.祈使句的肯定式，谓语动词用_________形（1）Tom,______please.It’s too cold outside!es inB.closes the doorC.take off your coatD.close the window （2）Please_________ the TV a little.My father is sleeping.A turn offB turning offC turn downD turning down注意：保持安静：Be quiet!2.祈使句的否定式，在谓语动词前加Don’t．．．．．.eg：Open the door,please.(变否定句)___________________________________①Don’t ________ (wash) your shirts now.②用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空Don’t ______(take)your dog into the park.③用所给单词的适当形式填空______________ (not swim) in the lake.It is dangerous.④用所给单词的正确形式填空_______________(not play)football on the street,please.注意：a.Sally,______________(not go)to the park on the weekend.b.Sally______________(not go)to the park on the weekend.注意：上学别迟到！Don’t be late for school.3.为了使语气委婉，通常与___________连用（please后面跟动词_____形）用所给词的适当形式填空Would you please_______________(give)me a cup of coffee?4.不含动词的祈使句，只用一个单词、词组或短语构成eg:No smoking! 禁止泊车！_______________________ !5.以let开头的祈使句eg: Let me help you.Let’s go to school together.（let’s=___________）eg:①Let me________( help）you find your story book.②Let him____________(have) a glass of water.③---_____go and see Jack.A.Let meB.Let isC.Let’s④用括号中所给词的适当形式填空Let me_________(help)you with your math.经典习题一. 选择题1.Tom,______please.It’s too cold outside!es inB.closes the doorC.take off your coatD.close the window2.______make noise.They’re_________music.A.Don’t;listenB.Not;listeningC.Don’t;listening to3.---_____go and see Jack. ---All right.A.Let meB.Let isC.Let’s4.____up early tomorrow,or you can’t catch the train.A.GettingB.GetC.To getD.Got5. ____in the street.It’s dangerous.A.Not playB.Not to playC.Don’t playD.Don’t to play6.Please____me a story.A.tellB.tellingC.to tellD.be tell二．用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。