大学英语欧美文学欣赏考试重点

1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realisticpicture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer`s The Canterbury Tales.2.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.3.The verse from of heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）was introduced into English poetry andemployed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.4.The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team ofpilgrims,people from all walks of life , including 31members altogether.5.Generally,Renaissance(文艺复兴) refers to the intellectual movement during the periodbetween 14th ad mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism（人文主义）,6.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.7.William Shakespeare`s writing is widely regarded as one of the three main sources of theEnglish literature,while the other two are Greek and Roman myths （古希腊罗马神话）and the Bible（圣经）.8.William Shakespeare leaves a great body of literary works to the world,including 37plays,154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems.9.In reading Shakespeare, you must have come across the line “To be or not to be-that isthe question”by Hamlet in Hamlet.10.“So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,/So long lives this ,and this gives life tothee.”(Shakespeare,”Sonnet 18”)The work “this”refers to poetry.11.S hakespeare`s four great tragedies include Hamlet,King Lear,Othello,and Macbeth,usually considered as some of the finest works in the English language.12.I n Romeo and Juliet,Shakespeare`s humanism is evidently seen in his praise of humanlove and in his defiance of feudal discord（无视封建纷争）.13.A sonnet is a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter（五步抑扬格），with rhymesarranged according to a certain definite patterns.14.F rancis Bacon（弗兰西斯培根）`s works,”Some books are to be tasted ,others to beswallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is ,some books are to be read in parts; others are to be read ,but not curiously ;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention,”describes the importance of reading and different ways to deal with different books as well.15.T he Glorious Revolution in 1688 meant the supremacy of Parliament,the beginning ofmodem England and the triumph of the principle of political liberty.16.M etaphysical poetry refers to the works of the 17th-century writers who wrote under theinfluence of John Donne,with the general theme of carpe diem.17.J ohn Donne in his poem “The Flea”claim that killing the lover ,the flea and thuscommitting sacrilege constitute “three sins”.18.E pic is a long verse narrative on a serious subject,told in a formal and elevated style, andcentered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, nation or the human race.19.E nlighteners believed that freedom,democracy,and reason are the primary values ofsociety.20.I n Robinson Crusoe,Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive &simple youth intoa mature &hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his 28 years of living on anisolated island.21.I n Robinson Crusoe,the hero Crusoe teaches a slave named Friday to speak English andbelieved in God and eat like a civilized man.22.T he revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for thedespotic ruler are best shown in the works of John Milton.23.G ulliver`s Travels written by Jonathan Swift is one of the most effective and devastatingcriticism and satires of all aspects of the English and European life of the time.24.A ccording to Swift,Gulliver made voyages to Lilliput,Brobdingnag,Laputa（拉普塔岛会飞的岛）,the Country of the Houyhnhnms（慧姻国，格列弗游记中的一个国家）,etc.25.T he 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties,theWhig`s and the Tories,which were satired(讽刺的）by Swift in His Gulliver`s Travels.26.J onathan Swift defines a good style as “proper words in proper places”.27.J onathan Swift in his “A Modest Proposal”exposes a fact that the English are devouringthe Irish.28.O ne of the characteristics of neoclassicism（新古典主义的）is that reason rather thanemotion, and from rather than content are emphasized.（强调）29.P aradise Lost is actually a story taken from the Old Testament.30.R omanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society with itskeynote intensity and watchword imagination..31.R omanticism as a main literary trend prevailed in England during the period of1798-1832,beginning with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798,ending with Walter Scott`s death in 1832.32.W illiam Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,and Robert Southey were known as “LakePoets”because they lived and knew one another in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.33.W illiam Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who,with Samuel T aylorColeridge,helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (17980).34.A s a worshipper（崇拜者）of nature,William Wordsworth`s famous poems include “IWandered Lonely as a Cloud ”,“Tintern Abbey”,and ‘The Solitary Reaper’.35.W illiam Wordsworth defines a good poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings.36.I n ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud ’,the poet says ‘my with pleasure fills,/And dances withthe daffodils. ’37.B yron`s influence was manifested by many authors and artists of the Romantic movementduring the 19th century and beyond. An example of Byronic hero is Heath cliff from Emily Bronte`s Wuthering Heights.（呼啸山庄）38.P ercy Bysshe Shelley （雪莱）in his poems called on the people to overthrow the rule oftyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.39.P ercy Bysshe Shelley,through the speaker in his ‘Ode to the West Wind’,imagineshimself to be a leaf ,a cloud and a wave under the influence of the west wind .40.F rankenstein, by Mary Shelley,was supposed to be the first science fiction in the world.41.B yron and Shelley are usually considered as the Second Generation of the RomanticMovement.42.I n the poem, “Ode to a Nightingale”, Keats identifies himself with the ideal beauty andhope that the song of the bird will help him to escape from the world of suffering,where “to think is to be full of sorrow”,into the world of eternal happiness.43.T he prose writing of the romantic period was represented by Charles Lamb,WilliamHazlitt,and Thomas de Quincey.（德昆西）44.J ohn Keats wrote such immortal odes as “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Ode to Autumn ”and ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’.45.S helley wrote an elegy “Adonis ”lamenting the early death of his fellow-poet JohnKeats .46.‘Beauty is truth ,truth beauty”is from Keats` ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’.47.T he dominant theme of John Keats` poems is that the world of nature is beautiful ,therealm of art and poetry is wonderful, but the human society is full of miseries.48.R obert Burns collected, edited ,restored ,and imitated traditional Scottish songs, or wroteverses of his own too traditional tune . Thus , he rescued and preserved the literary heritage.49.R obert Burns often wrote with light-hearted humor and in Scottish dialect.50.“Auld Lang Syne ”（友谊地久天长）,originally a Scottish folksong（民谣）edited and collectby Robert Burns, was incorporated into the classic Hollywood movie Waterloo Bridge in 1940.51.J ane Austen`s novels include Northanger Abbey （诺桑觉寺）,Sense and Sensibility ,Prideand Prejudice,Mansfield Park ,Emma and Persuasion.52.J ane Austen,although living and writing in the “age of poetry”,was an novelist instead.53.P ride and Prejudice is about the love and marriage story of five daughters in one family.54.J ane Austen wrote six novels all through her life,55.J ane Austen `s novels are mainly about love and marriage, mainly focusing on everydaycountry life of the upper middle class, and successful in the employment of irony.56.D ances figure prominently in Jane Austen`s novels.Whether performed in publicassembly rooms or in private,dances offered social opportunities for young people to mix and mingle and converse in an acceptable fashion.57.A usten sets all of her novels during the Regency Period when the new landed gentry whocame into money through commercial enterprise and ascended from the middle class.58.P ride and Prejudice portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day , and tells of theinitial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth and the haughty Darcy.59.A usten,employing irony, begins her most famous novel Pride and Prejudice with thissentence “it is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”60.I n the 19th century English literature,a new literary trend ,critical realism,appeared,andflourished in the forties and early fifties.61.J ane Austen`s writing,drawing vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the countrysociety in her novels, was consider to be “a fine engraving made upon a little piece ofivory”.62.C hronologically, the Victorian Period refers to 1831-1901.63.A lthough writing from different points of view and with different techniques,writers in theVictorian Period shared one thing in common, that is ,they were all concerned about the fate of the common people .64.P ip,Estella,Havisham,Magwitch,and Joe Gargery （前均为远大前程里的人物名称）are namesof characters from the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.65.“Do you think ,because I am poor ,obscure,plain , and little, I an soulless andheartless?...And if God had gifted me with some beauty , and much wealth,I should have made it as hard as for you to leave me , as it is now for me to leave you.”The passage is taken from Jane Eyre,66.E nglish critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of novel.67.O ne of the greatest English critical realist novelist was Charles Dickens,who criticized thebourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.68.D avid Copperfield is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author CharlesDickens,in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the author’s early life. 69.I n the novel Oliver Twist.Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferance of thepoor ,and makes a complete exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the brutality and corruption of the oppresoors（压迫者暴君）under the mask of philanthropy.70.C harles Dickens begins his famous novel A Tale of Two Cities this way ; “it was the best oftimes.It was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness. It was”the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us , we had nothing before us , we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going direct the other way…”71.H ardy is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19thcentury.72.A s to Tess of the D `Urbervilles: Tess was a pure woman ;Tess was a victim of economicoppression and social injustice ;the author`s pessimistic and naturalistic view of life is fully expressed in it.73.A lec,Clare,Angel,all are characters appearing in the novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles.（小说《苔丝》）74.E mily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled Wuthering Heights.75.B ronte Sisters were all talented writers, they all died young and all went to charity school.76.J ane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is notedfor its sharp criticism of the existing society, especially the bourgeois system of education.77.T homas Hardy was once an architect,born in Dorsetshire,（多塞特郡）a county in the southof England , and his principle works are the Wessex novels.78.N ovels of character and Environment are also called Wessex novels,taking the southwestcounties of England for their setting, which include The Return of the Native,The Mayor of Casterbridge,（《卡斯特桥市长》）Tess of the D`Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.79.T ess Durbeyfield（苔丝德贝菲尔人物名称）in Tess of the D`Urbervilles is the daughter ofa poor villager.80.O ne of the chief representative figures of the School of Aestheticism is Oscar Wilde.81.M ost of Hardy`s novels are set in Wessex,the fictional primitive and crude region which isreally the home place he both loves and hates.82.J ames Joyce`s representative works are Dubliners,（都柏林人）A Portrait of the Artist as aYoung Man,Ulysses and Finnegans Wake.（《芬根尼的守灵夜》）83.J ames Joyce, Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner all belong to the school of the Stream ofConsciousness.84.W ashington Irving is the first American writer to earn an international reputation, andregarded as an early famous Romantic writer in American Literary history.85.I rving was best known for his famous short stories such as “Rip Van Winkle”and “TheLegend of Sleepy Hollow”.86.T he finest example of Hawthorne`s symbolism is reflected in his The Scarlet Letter.87.N athaniel Hawthorne depicts the prison as a symbol for puritanical severity of law andthe rigorous enforcement of law and the impossibility to break free of it , while the rosebush to symbolize the passionate wilderness in the form of Hester Prynne.（海丽斯白兰《红字》女主人公）88.A s a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement ,Ezra Pound wrote a famousone-image poem “In a Station of the Metro ”,which has been regarded as a classic specimen of Imagist poetry.（意象派诗歌）89.P ostmodernism can be described as a set of critical,strategic and rhetorical practicesemploying concepts such as difference,repetition,simulacrum,and hyper reality to destabilize other concepts such as presence,identity ,historical progress,and epistemic （认识的）certainty.90.P ostmodernism upholds the belief that there is no absolute truth and the way in whichdifferent people perceive the world is subjective.91.R epresentative writers of postmodernism are Derrida,Foucault,Kristiva,Lacan,etc.92.E xamples of intertextuality（互文-写作手法）can be found in Ulysses retelling Homer`sOdyssey(奥赛德),The Dead Fathers Club retelling Hamlet,A Thousand Acres retelling King Lear,and Wide Sargasso Sea retelling Jane Eyre.93.P rincipal characters in Bellow`s fiction have heroic potential,and many times they stand incontrast to the negative forces of society .Often these characters are Jewish and have a sense of alienation or otherness.94.D eath of a Salesman tells us a story about an American tragedy,but the tragedy rooted inthe American Dream.95.P ynchon`s novels are broad in scope and use scientific theories ,historical facts,and detailsof popular culture with great accuracy.96.T here is only scene,in Waiting for Godot,throughout both acts:two men are waiting on acountry road by a tree.97.I n1993,T oni Morrison , “Who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic importgives life to an essential aspect of American reality”,was awarded the Novel Prize in literature.98.E normously important in shaping the artistic contributions of the Harlem Renaissance ofthe 1920s,Langston Hughes（兰斯顿人名）is the most popular and versatile of the black writers.99.“Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair :and his only alternative,to escape fromthe labor of the farm and the clamor of his wife,was to take gun in hand ,and stroll away into the wood ”This sentence vividly describes the characteristics of Rip Van Winkle,especially unwilling to engage himself in labor as well as slow response to what happened around .100.“To wage by force or guile eternal war./Irreconcilable to out grand Foe ”,here the Foe refers to God.。

Selected Readings in Euro-American Literature考试题型：1.听力，25分；2.选择题，共10题，每小题2分；3.作家作品，共5题，每小题2分；4.名词解释，共2题，每小题5分；5.赏析题，共2题，每小题15分；6.诗歌默写（至少5行），共3题，每小题5分。

The Development of Euro-American Literature1.The Roman and Greek Period2.Medieval Period3.The Renaissance4.Neoclassical Literature5.Romanticism6.Realism7.Modernism8.Post-modernismMiddle AgesGeoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟，the father of English poetry)Main works:《公爵夫人之书》(The book of the Duchess,1370);《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》(Troilus and Criseyde,1385);《贞洁妇女的传说》(The Legend of Good Women,1385);《名誉之屋》(The House of Fame,1374-1384);《百鸟议会》(The Parliament of Fowls,1380);《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales,1386-1400).The RenaissanceWilliam Shakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚)Main works:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(Romeo and Juliet,1595);《亨利四世》(Henry IV,1597);《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice,1598);《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night,1601);《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601);《奥赛罗》(Othello,1604);《李尔王》(King Lear,1605);《麦克白》(Macbeth,1606).37个剧本，154首十四行诗，2首长诗。

选择10X2分填空10X3分名词解释5X4分简答5X4分论述1X10分选择&填空各章重要知识点：包扌臣各历史时期的文学流派特点标志，重要的代表作家及主要作品，作品的主要情节和主要人物。

名词解释&简答BeowulfepicalliterationballadRomanceHeroic CoupletsBlank VerseChaucer and The Canterbuiy Tales WilliamShakespeare&his great works SonnetMetaphysical PoetsThe RenaissanceEnlightenment RomanticismCritical RealismImagismModernismThe Stream of Consciousness 诗歌格律韵式辨析John Milton and Paradise LostJohn Bunyan and The Pilgrim? sProgress HumanismEnlightenmentNeoclassicismSentimantalism浪漫主义的重要诗人和代表作Byronic HeroesDramatic MonologueCritical RealismOedipus Complex 论述ChaucerShakespeareJohn MiltonHenry FieldingCharles DickensJane AustenThomas HardyRenaissance特点：1. There was a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.2eHumanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.Representative Figures1） Thomas More Utopia2） Thomas Wyatt He was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.3） John Lyly the novel Eupheus gave rise to the term "euphuisrrT（绮丽体）euphuism refers to an affectedly elegant literary style of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, characterized by elaborate alliteration, antitheses（对照）,and similes（明喻）•4） Christopher Marlowe Timur （《巾占木丿L》）he is known for his magnificent blank verse,《帖木儿》是一部英雄剧，塑造了一个叱咤风云却又野心勃勃的征服者形象，充分体现了文艺复兴时期的巨人精神。

英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。

Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period（1660—1798）新古典主义1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values。

总之，这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlighte nment or the Age of Reason.英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代，或曰理性时代.3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas。

运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。

4。

Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only，the f inal cause of any human thought and activities。

They called for a refere nce to order，reason and rules。

启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由.他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。

5。

As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and morali zing，became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。

6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope，Joseph Addison and Sir Richar d Steele，the two pioneers of familiar essays，Jonathan Swift，Daniel Defoe，Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特,丹尼尔.迪福，理查. B。

一.What is the theme of Beowulf?这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。

这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。

Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。

（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。

1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。

2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。

3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。

英美文学鉴赏重点英美文学鉴赏导读一单选题10个10分二文学术语翻译，10中，10英10分三2篇诗歌的分析，写出作家名，诗名，格律metrical pattern，韵律rhyme scheme，诗节stanza from，诗歌类型genre of the poem，修辞figures of speech，主题theme等20分四默写学过的两首诗。

20分五简答题两个questions 20分六论述题两个20分I. Each of the statements below is followed by 4 alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. (10*1℅=10) ?II. Translate the following former 10 English literary terms into Chinese and the later 10 Chinese literary terms into English.(20*0.5℅=10%)III. Please fill in the missing blanks and answer questions below. (2*12℅=24%)IV. Write down 2 poem you’ve learned from the textbook except the above-cited poems in III. (2*8℅=16%)V. Give brief answers to the following questions. (2*10℅=20%)VI. Short essay questions. （1*15+1*5=20%）1）熟悉Part1 (6-7)，part 2 (2-7), part 3 (2)的专业术语，会互译。

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。

3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。

seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale④The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪)1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Third period(1609—1612)historiesLyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggSonnet 18:Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29:Theme：①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.③His intellectual genius is outstanding.④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan. 光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：①John Donne“metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually②John MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica: attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In thisstage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品：①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnson②pre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in the n Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>③modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe①英国小说之父②Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-----active romanticsHistorical novelist-----Walter Scott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.①<Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⑤Lucy Poems 露西⑥<The Prelude>序曲The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌The Excursion 漫游7.Lord ByronA.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.B.Byronic hero:dark romancesC.works①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记②<Don Juan>唐•璜③<Cain>该隐诗歌：<She Walks In Beauty>8.ShelleyA.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行B．the finest lyric poets in the English languageC．works<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性<Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression <The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<Ode to the West Wind>西风颂To a Skylark>致云雀9.ScottA. a historical novelistB.worksIvanhoe 艾凡赫waverly 威弗利the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人Rob Roy罗布.罗衣10.Jane Austen作品：① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园④<Emma>爱玛⑤<Persuasion>劝导⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺。