14级形式语言期末复习提纲
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2011级期末复习提纲一、题型与试卷结构第一,名句名篇默写本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分,占总分的20%。
第一题根据语句提示,补充空白处诗句;第二题根据要求默写名篇。
第二,简答题。
本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分,占总分的15%0涉及《全日制义务教育语文课程标准》与《普通高中语文课程标准》的基本理念、基本内容和目标;识字写字教学、阅读教学、写作教学、综合性学习、测试评价、教学资源等内容。
第三,案例分析。
本大题共20分,占总分的20%。
提供一篇课文的教学设计、实录或概述,要求学生仔细阅读后,运用《语文课程标准》的理念,根据题目要求对某一方面进行评析。
第四,教学设计本大题共30分,占总分的30%。
要求考生从中小学语文教材中选取一篇课文,运用语文教育学相关理论拟订该课的教学目标和重难点;设计该课的导入语;设计该课的教学流程等。
第五,论述题。
本大题共1小题,共15分,占总分的15%o要求考生围绕语文教育学中一些重要理论进行思考。
考试范围可能涉及到语文性质、语文课程的特点及其和互关系、语文教学的任务、口语交际教学、阅读教学和写作教学等。
要求论述的内容与观点相吻合;论点明确,说理充分;联系课例进行论述,有理有据;条理清晰,语言流畅。
二、复习的重点范围(-)重点背诵篇目1〜6年级长歌行(青青园中葵)汉乐府咏柳(碧玉妆成一树高)贺知章芙蓉楼送辛渐(寒雨连江夜入吴)王昌龄送元二使安西(渭城朝雨泡轻尘)王维黄鹤楼送孟浩然Z广陵(故人西辞黄鹤楼)李门望天门山(天门中断楚江开)李口别董大(千里黄云白日醺)高适绝句(迟日江山丽)杜甫江畔独步寻花(黄师塔前江水东)杜甫枫桥夜泊(月落乌啼霜满天)张继滁州西涧(独怜幽草涧边生)韦应物早春呈水部张十八员外(天街小雨润如酥)韩愈渔歌子(西塞山前白鹭飞)张志和塞下曲(月黑雁飞高)卢纶望洞庭(湖光秋月两和和)刘禹锡忆江南(江南好)白居易小儿垂钓(蓬头稚了学垂纶)胡令能悯农(春种一粒粟)李绅寻隐者不遇(松下问童了)贾岛山行(远上寒山石径斜)杜牧蜂(不论平地与山尖)罗隐书湖阴先生壁(茅檐长扫净无苔)王安石六月二十七口望湖楼醉书(黑云翻墨未遮山)苏轼题四林壁(横看成岭侧成峰)苏轼三衢道中(梅子黄时口口睛)曾儿秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感(二万里河东入海)陆游四时U1园杂兴(昼出耘山夜绩麻)范成人小池(泉眼无声惜细流)杨力里晓出净慈寺送林子方(毕竟西湖六月中)杨万里春口(胜口寻芳泗水滨)朱熹观书有感(半由方塘一鉴开)朱熹游园不值(应怜屐齿印苍苔)叶绍翁乡村四刀(绿遍山原白满川)翁卷墨梅(我家洗砚池头树)王冕石灰吟(千锤万凿出深山)于谦竹石(咬定青山不放松)郑燮所见(牧童骑黄牛)袁枚村居(草长莺飞二月天)高鼎7〜9年级兼葭(兼葭苍苍)《诗经》十五从军征(十五从军征)汉乐府次北固山下(客路青山外)王湾使至塞上(单车欲问边)王维闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄(杨花落尽子规啼)李白行路难(金樽清酒斗十千)李门春望(国破山河在)杜甫白雪歌送武判官归京(北风卷地门草折)岑参酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠(巴山楚水凄凉地)刘禹锡钱塘湖春行(孤山寺北贾亭西)白居易雁门太守行(黑云压城城欲摧)李贺泊秦淮(烟笼寒水月笼沙)杜牧夜雨寄北(君问归期未有期)李商隐相见欢(无言独上西楼)李煜渔家傲(塞下秋來风景异)范仲淹登飞来峰(飞来峰上千寻塔)王安石江城子(老夫聊发少年狂)苏轼水调歌头(明月儿时有)苏轼渔家傲(天接云涛连晓雾)李清照游山西村(莫笑农家腊酒浑)陆游破阵子(醉里挑灯看剑)辛弃疾过零丁洋(辛苦遭逢起一经)文天祥山坡羊•潼关怀古(峰峦如聚)张养浩己亥杂诗(浩荡离愁口日斜)龚口珍《论语》12章(学而时习Z;吾日三省吾身;吾十冇五而志于学;温故而知新;学而不思则罔;贤哉回也;知之者不如好之者;不义而富且贵;三人行;子在川上曰;三军可夺帅也;博学而笃志)《孟子》三则(鱼我所欲也;富贵不能淫;夭将降大任于是人也)桃花源记陶潜岳阳楼记范仲淹高中阶段劝学苟子归园[11居陶渊明师说. 韩愈滕王阁序王勃蜀道难李口登高杜甫琵琶行白居易虞美人李煜春花秋月何时了李煜念奴娇(大江东去)苏轼永遇乐》(千古江山)辛弃疾水龙吟・登建康赏心亭辛弃疾醉花阴李清照声声慢李清照赤壁赋苏轼(-)简述(答)的主要内容1 •简要回答《普通高中语文课程标准》的课程总目标。
题型:填空题10,20%;选择题10,20%;判断4,20%(3句话解释原因);简答3,18%(四句话作答);论述1,22%(1/4页纸作答)。
导论1、中国、印度和希腊-罗马在传统语言文学的研究上都取得了辉煌的成就,是语言学的三大发源地。
2、中国传统语言研究主要抓住汉字,分析它的形体,探求它的古代读音和意义,形成了统称“小学”的文字、音韵和训诂之学,也就是中国传统的语文学。
3、历史比较语言学标志着语言学不再是其他学科的附庸,已经发展成为一门独立的学科。
4、20世纪初,瑞士语言学家索绪尔在《普通语言学教程》中提出观点,语言学从此成为一门现代学科。
5、理论语言学,也称普通语言学,是关于语言的一般规律的理论研究。
第一章语言的功能1、语言是一种社会现象,和人类社会有着紧密联系。
2、语言的社会功能中最基本的是信息传递功能。
3、如果一个病人大脑左半球发生损伤,他尽管说不出医院的名称、病房、床号,却能找得到。
相反,如果大脑右半球受损,尽管能找到医院的名称、病房、床号,却找不到,能说出家的位置却找不到,这说明语言功能存在大脑左边。
4、儿童学习语言的过程是考察语言与思维关系的一条很好途径。
5、儿童语言的习得一定具有先天生理基础,也离不开外界的社会条件。
6、儿童语言能力的开发还有时间的限制,最迟到十二三岁,如果在此之前没有机会学习语言,那么之后其语言习得和心智发展的潜能就失去了。
十二三岁是语言习得的关键时期,之一临界期的分工时间也是一致的。
第二章语言是符号系统1、符号包含形式和意义两个方面。
(能指形式,形指意义,符号构成的两个方面,语言学上通常用形式和意义来表述。
形式也叫能指,是符号的外壳,是可以被人的感觉器官感知的,因而形式具有物质性。
意义也叫所指,是符号形式所代表的内容,也就是现实现象事物。
)2、符号的形式和意义之间是没有本质上、自然属性上的必要联系,在这一点上符号和隐含某种信息的自然的征候不同。
3、语言符号的任意性和线条性,是20世纪初瑞士的语言学家家得·索绪尔作为语言符号的基本性质提出来的。
14级考试复习范围与题型为贯彻教务处的新规定,考试内容的主观踢不低于60%,大学英语将进一步结合教材内容,降低考试难度,本学期的考试题型和复习范围如下:1,听力25%,题型:7个短对话7个选择题,两篇短文7个选择题,来自课外;听写11%来自于《视听说》第三册第1-8单元。
2,阅读理解30%:A部分的选词填空10%来自于《综合教程》第三册,第1-3单元,TEXT-B课文选段。
B部分的选择题2篇文章来自于课外。
20%3,英译汉10%,从《体验英语扩展教程》第三册,第1-6单元的Text A或Text B选一篇文章。
然后在文章中的句子下面划线,划5个句子。
4,汉译英20%。
10个句子都来自于《综合教程》第三册,第1-3单元,主要来自课后单元各种练习题,包括翻译题.5,作文15%,范围来自《综合教程》第三册,第1-3单元主题之一注意:14级综合成绩100分=期末占60%+口语测试占10%+平时占30%对于旷课4次以上(包括4次)的学生,平时成绩给0分。
15级考试复习范围与题型为贯彻教务处的新规定,考试内容的主观题不低于60%,大学英语将进一步结合教材内容,降低考试难度,本学期的考试题型和复习范围如下:1,听力25%,题型:7个短对话7个选择题,两篇短文7个选择题,来自课外;听写11%来自于《视听说》第一册第1-8单元。
2,阅读理解:30%:A部分的选词填空:10%来自于《综合教程》第一册,第1,2,4,5单元,TEXT-B课文选段。
B部分的选择题20%:1篇文章来自于课外,1篇来自于《一周一练》unit 1-4。
20%3,长篇阅读理解:10%,来自于《长篇阅读理解》第一册,第1-10单元。
4,汉译英:20%。
10个句子都来自于《综合教程》第一册,第1,2,4,5单元,主要来自课后单元各种练习题,包括翻译题.5,作文:15%,范围来自《综合教程》第一册第1,2,4,5单元主题之一注意:15级综合成绩100%=期末占60%+自主学习15%+平时占25%对于旷课4次以上(包括4次)的学生,平时成绩给0分。
14-15第二学期期末复习考试范围(待续)I. 选词填空10% (Unit 5 Par.1-2; Unit 7 Par.1-3)这是新的题型,需熟读课文的相关段落II. 翻译15%(二句英译汉,三句汉译英)其中汉译英的句选自Unit 3,Unit 5, Unit 7的翻译练习1.许多人声称自己从来不看广告,但这类说法让人难以置信。
在当今世界,不看广告几乎是做不到的。
2.想想看,广告给我们带来多少乐趣!想象一下,假如汽车站或火车站里没有广告会是怎么一种情形?3. 几乎一切都可以通过这些栏目完成,如:找工作、买房卖房、告知出生、结婚、逝世等,这是广告中的广告。
4.对人类学家来说,文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、.教育以及美术欣赏等。
5.那些影响人们日常生活的文化势力,特别是影响着那些受文化熏陶的孩子的文化势力,最令人感兴趣,最具有意义。
6.作为一种文化现象,摇滚歌星和交响乐指挥同样令人感兴趣:一本连环画册和一本获奖书同样有意义。
7. 这种实利主义观念严重影响着教育。
现在,越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了获得知识而学习,每一门功课都要有一定的导向,比如通往更高的薪金。
8.对高科技人员的需求远远在于供给,各大公司相互竞争,在学生毕业之前就将他们征募,并且提供诱人的薪金和额外津贴。
9.有钱的国家夺去了他们穷邻居最能干的公民。
在财富之神备受崇拜之时,富人越富;穷人越穷。
III. 作文10%(三选一)只需准备一篇作文,但不能抄袭网络文章。
(1).A good Son or Daughter 孝顺的儿女(2).The Importance of Groups and Organizations 团体与组织的重要性。
语⾔学期末复习资料语⾔学复习纲要说明:1.此份材料最多只考80%,还有20%不在范围内2.请务必结合教材复习,例⼦没列举的请看教材3.匆忙整理,答案有不够完整的,请⾃⾏补充更正4.语⾔学太抽象请保证有充⾜的时间来复习祝⼤家考试顺利加油1、语⾔的作⽤是什么?) 语⾔是⼈类最重要的交际⼯具。
⼈类传递信息,进⾏交际和交流思想,除了使⽤语⾔外,还可以使⽤⽂字、旗语、红绿灯、电报代码、数学符号以及⾝势、表情等,在⼀定场合使⽤,可以弥补语⾔的⼀些不⾜,但是这些交际⼯具使⽤范围有限,有的仅⽤于特定的范围,最重要的是,这些交际⼯具,都离不开语⾔,都是在语⾔的基础上产⽣的,是辅助语⾔进⾏交际的,没有语⾔,这些⼿段的存在没有任何意义。
(即为什么说语⾔是⼈类最重要的交际⼯具。
)2) 语⾔是⼈类的思维⼯具。
语⾔不但是⼈类的交际⼯具,同时也是⼈类思维的⼯具,是认识成果的贮存所。
思维过程离不开语⾔,需要借助语⾔来进⾏⽐较、分析、综合等⼀系列活动,需要借助语⾔来形成思想,利⽤语⾔把它储存在头脑中,再借助语⾔把思想表达出来,传达给听话⼈,同时使听话⼈产⽣思想。
⽽且⼈类思维的成果-概念,还可以通过词语固定下来。
总之,思维活动的过程不可能离开语⾔⽽单独进⾏,思维离不开语⾔,必须借助语⾔材料才能进⾏。
语⾔也离不开思维,⼆者是互相依存,共同发展的。
(即语⾔和思维的关系)2、为什么说语⾔是⼈类最重要的交际⼯具?1) 语⾔存在于说话和所说出来的话中,说明语⾔在社会⽣活中具有⾮常重要的作⽤,因为不会说话⼈就失去了它的本质,与动物⽆异。
⼈们⽤语⾔进⾏交际,交流思想,以便在认知现实、改造现实的过程中协调相互之间的⾏为,以取得最佳的效果。
所以,语⾔是⼈们的⼀种交际⼯具。
2) ⼈类的交际⼯具不⽌语⾔⼀种,其它如⽂字、⼿势表情等也都能实现交际的任务,也是交际⼯具,但它们与语⾔相⽐重要性就要差多了。
根本上说⼈类各种辅助性交际⼯具,都是在语⾔基础上制定的,没有语⾔基础,这些⼯具也就失去了存在的意义。
高中英语必考点逐个击破快速提分:考点妙解14 提纲类本类考题解答锦囊提纲式作文又是高考书面表达的一个特色。
出题的形式就是给出某种情景和内容要求,请考生根据这一情景及要求写出自己的思想。
这类题型相对于其他类型的题来说,特点在于考生可以充分发挥自己的思维想象能力,进而组织自己的语言来表达某种思想。
因此,这类题具有较大的灵活性,也能产好地体现考生的英语思维想象能力。
不像其它类题型,千篇一律。
但缺点就是老师的评卷、给分缺少了客观性标准,主观性较强。
对于这类题型的处理,考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示,把握准情景和要求,使表达的内容不走题;其次,根据情景的发展,按顺序安排好材料;最后,进行合理的总结。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(典型例题卷)假设你是李华,你的一位美国朋友Paul想在署假来中国学习汉语。
你帮他询问了署期汉语班的情况。
请根据下列要求写一封回信。
时间:7月初开始,4小时/天(周一至周五)程度:三个级别(初级到高级)授课老师经验丰富,小班上课注意:1.词数:100左右;2.可根据要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯Dear Paul,…Yours,Li Hua命题目的与解题技巧:本题考查以提纲形式写书面表达【解析】本文是作者在知道朋友要来中国学习汉语后,给朋友写一封回信介绍署期汉语培训班的情况。
从形式来看,这是一封书信;从内容上来说,它是一篇说明文。
由于所介绍的是即将发生的事情,故用一般将来时、混合人称写作。
【答案】One possible version: Dear Paul,I am so glad that you are planning to take a summer course in China. Our university runs summer Chinese language courses at three levels, from beginning to advanced. All the courses start in early July. Lessons will be given in small classes of no more than ten students. You will get a lot of practice in such a class. All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. Classes meet four hours a day, five days a week-Monday to Friday. If you decide to come or need any further information , do let me know.Yours.2.(典型例题)假设你是李华,你在报上看到北京电视台今年七月将举行外国人“学中文,唱中文歌”才艺大赛。
期末复习提纲(12-19课)一. 语言知识提要I.12—19课的所有动词的直陈式现在时变位及其过去分词动词过去分词构成:1. 第一组规则动词:将词尾-er变为é ,(发音不变,写法变化)。
如:aimer ─>aiméparler ─>parlé2. 第二组动词,将词尾-ir变为i,(词末r消失)。
如:finir ─>fini choisir ─>choisi3. 不规则动词(第三组):être, faire, avoir, savoir, ouvrir, vouloir, écrire, pouvoir, prendre, recevoir, suivre, voir, connaître, lire, courir, vivre, boire, croire, falloir, pleuvoirII. 语法1. 代词(注意代词形式、代指成份及在句中位置):重读人称代词;副代词y, en;直接宾语人称代词;间接宾语人称代词;自反代词2. 部分冠词(第13课)3. –ment构成的副词(第12课)4. 国家及城市名前介词的用法(第17课)5.tout 作为代词、形容词、副词的用法6. 命令式构成及用法(第13课)7. 时态(构成及用法):最近将来时(第12课)最近过去时(第14课)复合过去时(第18、19课)二. 主要词汇、短语和句型(复习课后MOTS ET EXPRESSIONS 部分)1. avoir l’air2. partir pour, partir de...3. Il faut faire...4. ne... rien , ne... plus, ne...jamais5. venir de/du... venir à / en / au...6. quitter un lieu/ une personne7. n’avoir qu’à faire...8. téléphoner à...9. arrêter de faire...10. finir qqch. / finir de faire qqch.11. Il est (c’est) + adj. de faire qqc h.12. trouver qqch./qqn. + adj.13. penser à qn. / qch.penser de qn. /qch. (Que pensez-vous du cours de français?Que pensez-vous de notre professeur de français ?) penser que + 从句(Je pense que le cours de français est intéressant.)14. beaucoup, un peu, peu, assez, trop, très 等程度副词的用法。
[选词填空]1.These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner.这些电脑游戏既有教育,又有娱乐。
2. Aunt Pat’s rough, red hands reflected a life of hard physical labor. .Pat姑姑粗糙红色的手反映的厚重的体力劳动生活。
3.I deeply regret to inform you that we cannot accept such conditions.我深感遗憾地通知你,我们不能接受这样的条件。
4.We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.我们小零售商在价格与销售无法与超市竞争。
5.They stressed the need for more employment opportunities and better health car他们强调更多的就业机会和更好的医疗保健需要e.6.The board of education is responsible for hiring teachers and other school personne教育董事会负责招聘教师和其他学校工作人员。
7.In an interview, you should always try to maintain good eye contact with the interviewer.在面试中,您应该总是与面试官保持良好的眼神接触。
8.The smell in the room was so disgusting that it actually made me sick.屋子里让人讨厌的气味,简直让我想吐。
9.The project is likely to succeed although we do not have sufficient funds at the moment.虽然目前我们并没有足够的资金,但是这个项目还是很容易胜出的。
Unite11.V ocabularySection A1、Some children display an incredible..........(adj.不可思议的;惊人的;难以置信的;)curiosity about every new thing they encounter. (unbelievable)一些孩子在他们遇见每件新事物时表现出令人难以置信的好奇心。
2、According to the legend,Remulus were fostered........( v..培养,促进foster的过去式和过去分词);收养,养育] by a she -wolf. (raised)根据传说,remulus曾被一只母狼收养。
3.The group of technicians are engaged in a study which embraces........[v.拥抱( embrace的第三人称单数);包括;包含;接受] all aspects of urban planning. (includes)这组技术人员正忙于从事一项涉及城市规划的各个方面的研究。
4.Nothing could eff...ace...(vt.擦掉;抹去;超越;使黯然失色)my memory of how cruelly I was treated by my step-mother. (wipe out)没有什么能抹掉我的记忆中我的后母是如何地虐待我的记忆。
5、Please look for.......(寻找)dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning. (consult)当你不知道的单词拼写和意义时请查字典。
6、The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they wereincompatible.............(不相容的。
14英语B层次第二学期期末考试题型及范围一、词汇选择填空(20%)课本Unit 5 P108 EX3课本Unit 6 P132 EX3二、词汇语法选择题(10%)历年B级真题三、阅读理解(30%)历年B级真题四、段落英译汉(10%)课本P105 Climate change may be a big problem,...课本P 130 The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem is filled with…课本P 130 “Is it not a joy to have friends come from afar?”…课本P154 In Malaysia, Christmas is celebrated on a small scale…. 五、汉译英(15%)课本Unit 7 P157 EX4课本Unit 8 P183 EX4六、应用文写作(15%)历年B级真题复习提纲阅读理解1Doctors believe that second-hand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Non-smokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’s cigarettes. This is second-hand smoke. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency(美国环保局) reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure(暴露) to second-hand smoke.It is harder for children to avoid second-hand smoke. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of second-hand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as children of non-smokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.People are becoming very aware of the danger of second –hand smoke. As a result, they have passed laws that prohibit people from smoking in many public places. Currently, 45states in the United States have laws that restrict, or limit, smoking. The most well-known law doesn’t allow people to smoke on short native airline flights, i.e. flights within the country.1. Compared with non-smokers’ children, the children whose parents both smoke are likely to ___.A) grow up more slowly C) develop lung cancer more oftenB) be sick under to age of five D) become smokers more easily2. Why are there laws made against smoking in public places in the U.S?A) Because people have realized the danger of second-hand smoke.B) Because more and more people don’t like smoking now.C) Because parents don’t want their children to become smokers.D) Because the government wants to limit the production of cigarettes.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) The number of smokers’ children is twice greater than that of non-smokers’ children.B) People are now not allowed to smoke on airline flights in the U.S.C) Adults whose parents smoked when they were children get cancer more frequently.D) Second-hand smoke is not as dangerous as first-hand smoke4. From the passage we can conclude that ___.A) the main cause of lung cancer is second-hand smokeB) most people know nothing about the danger of second-hand smokeC) public places are dangerous for people to stayD) children suffer most from second-hand smoke5. This passage is mainly about___.A) how people get cancerB) who can get cancer easilyC) what should be done with smoking in publicD) whether second-hand smoking can be harmfulCACDD阅读理解2Many visitors to the United States find that the fast pace at which people move is very troubling. One’s first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush. City people always seem to be hurrying to get where they are going. And they are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. At first this may seem unfriendly to you. But drivers will rush you; storekeepers will be in a hurry as they serve you; people will push past you as they walk along the street. You will miss smiles and brief conversations with people when you shop or dine in a restaurant. Do not think it is because Americans are in such a hurry thatthey are unfriendly. Life is often much slower outside the big cities, which is true in other countries as well. American who live in cities such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles, often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done. But when they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you.6. Visitors to the United States possibly feel that city people of the country are very________.A) busy C) troublingB) kind D) patient.7. In American big cities, people rarely____.A) smile to each other. C) chat with each other in a shop.B) move at a fast pace. D) dine away from home8. According to the writer, American people are _____________.A) unfriendly only when they are shoppingB) actually friendly to foreign visitors.C) indeed cold to foreign visitorsD) in no hurry when walking in the street.9. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Life pace is different inside and outside big cities.B) Life pace is quite slow in other parts of the world.C) Life pace is the same in different parts of the world.D) Life pace is similar in American cities, big or small10. It seems that Americans are cold to you because they think____________.A) you are a foreignerB) you know their way of lifeC) you are as busy as they areD) you are a stranger thereACBAC阅读理解3Most visitors to the United States will need a visa(签证)as well as a passport and a health record. There are various kinds of visas depending on the estimated length of stay, even more important, on the purpose of your visit. For example, among the types of visas available are: B1---Normal short visits for business, B2---Normal short visits for pleasure, F1---student, and F2---Family of student.A small white form will be attached to your passport showing your classification(类别), arrival date, purpose of visit, and departure date. If you want to stay longer than the date on this form, you must apply to the United States Immigration Service(移民局)for an “Extension of Stay ”at least one month before the date indicated. Be sure not to stay beyond the date on which you should leave without an approved extension.1. The first paragraph tells us about___________.A) the type of visa a visitor to the USA should getB) the kind of visitor one can beC) the certificates a visitor to the USA should prepareD) The length of time a visitor to the USA can stay2. A tourist who visits the USA will most probably get a visa of _________.A) F1 B) F2 C) B1 D) B23. The kind of visa you apply for mainly depends on __________.A) what you do to make a livingB) how rich you are as a visitorC) why you visit the countryD) how long you will stay in the country4. The “departure date” on the small white form gives the date___________.A) to which you can extend your stayB) on which you apply for a longer stayC) on which you arrive in the countryD) by which you must leave the country5. How can you know the date before which you must apply for an “extension”?A) You can count it from your arrival date.B) You can find it on the small white form.C) You must ask the Immigration Service about it.D) You will be informed by the Immigration Service.ADCDB阅读理解4The first step in wise car care and service is to buy a car that is in perfect condition. Look the car over carefully to make sure that it doesn’t have any built-in flaws(内在的瑕疵)or service headaches. Be sure you know how to operate your car. Sit in the driv er’s seat and have the salesman explain how to start the car. Make sure you learn the location of all the controls.Check the outside of the car. Open and close the car doors two or three times. Do the doors fit the frames? Do they close completely? Roll the windows up and down. Do they work smoothly and close all the way? Have the salesman try all the lights and signals while you stand outside the car to make sure they work.Start the engine and listen for any noise. The car should run smoothly after it has warmed up. All these simple things should be checked before you leave the shop.Next, road-test the car. It should speed up without jerking(颠簸), and the brake(刹车)should work evenly and quickly.If the car fails to perform on any of these points, do not take it. Insist that the faults be fixed before you accept it.6. When you want to buy a car, you’d better first.A) learn how to operate the carB) check the condition of the carC) try to ask about its service headachesD) tell the salesman to start and stop it7. While the salesman is testing the lights and signals, you should .A) sit in the driver’s seat C) watch from outsideB) roll the windows up D) open the car doors8. The engine of a good car is expected to run .A) easily B) quickly C) quietly D) smoothly9. After you have carefully examined the car’s performance at the shop, you have to.A) buy it immediately C) check it up againB) test it on the road D) fix the faults10. What is the passage talking about?A) Selecting a good car. C) Operating a new car.B) Repairing an old car. D) Learning to drive a car.BCDBA应用文写作1说明:按电话留言的格式和要求,以秘书Helena的名义,给Mr.White 写一份电话留言,包括以下内容。
1绪论
语言与形式语言
字母表(正闭包、克林闭包)
句子(前缀、后缀、公共子串、并置)语言
2文法
文法的提出
文法的形式定义
文法的推导与归约
句子与句型
常用文法的构造
文法的乔姆斯基体系
短语结构文法PSG
上下文有关文法CSG
上下文无关文法CFG
正则文法RG
线性文法
左线性文法
右线性文法
3有穷状态自动机
语言的识别问题
有穷状态自动机的物理模型
有穷状态自动机的形式定义
状态转移图
状态的set集合
DFA
NFA
NFA转换为DFA的方法
ε-NFA
ε-NFA转换为NFA的方法
构造与DFA等价的文法
3.1构造与文法等价的NFA(前三章的重点是4种自动机模
型)
4正则表达式
正则表达式的形式定义
正则表达式转换为FA的方法aa
将DFA转换为正则表达式的方法aaa
正则语言等价模型及其转换aaa5种形式化模型
5正则语言的性质
正则语言的泵引理
应用泵引理证明一个语言不是RL aaaaa必考
正则语言在各种运算下的封闭性填空
Myhill-Nerode定理
应用Myhill-Nerod e定理证明正则语言的方法方法和内容DFA的极小化方法aaa
6上下文无关语言
CFG
CFG派生树画图
CFG的二义性概念
CFG的简化aaa
去无用符号
去空产生式
去单一产生式
乔姆斯基范式(CNF)形式定义概念特征将CFG转换为CNF
格雷巴赫范式(GNF)形式定义概念特征7下推自动机
下推自动机PDA的物理模型
下推自动及的形式定义
PDA两种接受语言的方式空栈和终止状态
构造与CFG等价的PDA的方法aaa
8上下文无关语言性质
上下文无关语言的泵引理
应用泵引理证明一个语言不是CFL aaa
上下文无关语言的封闭性交运算和补运算不封闭
上下文无关语言的判定算法
9图灵机
图灵机的物理模型
图灵机的形式定义
图灵机即时描述
图灵机接受语言的方式
图灵机与短语结构语言等价
10上下文有关语言
线性有界自动机形式定义+图灵机和短语结构文法的等价性
线性有界自动机与上下文有关文法等价。