Hydrogen Embrittlement- Test Procedures[1]

1.0目的PURPOSE:此验证方案旨在为原料药二车间和制剂（II）车间的纯化水系统提供性能确认程序。

The purpose of this protocol is to provide the procedure for the performance qualification of Purified watergeneration ,storage and distribution system for workshop 2 and workshop 10 as described in the change control.证明纯化水制水系统，存储系统和输送系统能够连续稳定的提供符合标准要求的纯化水并确定它的可靠性，同时提供证明文件。

To provide documented evidence that the Purified water generation system, Storage and Distribution System is capable to continuously supply the Purified Water with the specified quality attributes in consistent manner and thereby establishing its dependability.在如期完成纯化水系统WS-01的安装确认和运行确认后，提供纯化水系统存储系统和输送系统性能确认的原理机制。

To provide the mechanism to qualify the performance attributes of the Water Purification storage and distribution system after duly completion of Installation and Operational Qualification of water system 01.提供纯化水输送系统的运行程序并保持此程序处在受控状态。

RATIONALE综述This revision was issued to add requirements for examination of carburized surfaces and to remove requirements for （1) blasting or abrading to prepare the parts and (2) approval of the anti—smut chemical. Other changes were deemed necessary as part of the SAE Five Year Review process.这次改版增加了检查渗碳表面的要求，并去除了（1）喷砂或研磨零件的预处理要求以及（2)防污化学物的批准要求.其他的变化是SAE五年评审程序的必要更改。

1. SCOPE范围1。

1 Purpose目的This specification establishes the requirements for etch inspection of bare high-strength low-alloy steel parts having tensile strength of 180 ksi (1241 MPa) and higher and of carburized parts to detect overheating caused by abusive machining or grinding in the heat treated condition, and to detect localized discontinuous carburization. This process is not applicable to surface hardened steels produced by nitriding or carbonitriding. This process may remove 0.0001 to 0.0005 inch (2。

DAIMLERCHRYSLER CORPORATION NO: PS-PLATING Process Standard Date Published: 2003-12-10 Category Code: H-1 Change: ZEASL Req. YesRestricted: No***ZINC- MECHANICAL AND ELECTROPLATED***机械镀锌与电镀锌1.0 GENERAL 总则1.1 Purpose of the Standard*** 本标准的目的***This standard outlines the procedures and requirements for electroplated zinc, and mechanically plated zinc coatings on iron and steel parts for corrosion protection.本标准概述了有关钢铁零件的防腐蚀的电镀锌和机械镀锌涂层的工艺规程和要求。

1.2 Purpose of the Process***过程的用途***This standard provides the procedures and requirements for producing electroplated zinc deposits. Parts with a hardness of HRC 32 or higher MUST be electroplated according to PS-4220 which requires a mandatory bake operation to relieve hydrogen embrittlement. PS-4220 is identical to PS-79 respectively, except for the mandatory bake. This standard also covers the requirements for mechanically plated zinc deposits. The following Process Standards, which were formerly all individual standards and are still referenced on drawings as such, are covered by this one standard:本标准对生产电镀锌层提供了工艺规程和要求。

This report is Copyrighted in 2013 by Research Engineering & Manufacturing Inc.E-mail:***************** CONTI Fasteners AG Albisstrasse 15E-mail:***********************® Licensees®, TAPTITE II ®, TYPE-TT ®, DUO-TAPTITE ®, CORFLEX ®, PLASTITE ® POWERLOK ®,®, KLEERLOK ®, FASTITE ®, TAPTITE 2000®, TYPE TT 2000®, TAPTITE 2K ®, TYPE TT 2K ®REMINC/CONTI TAPTITE 2000® SCREWSEND-USER SPECIFICATIONSPR-180January 2008 Revised May. 2019REMINC/CONTITAPTITE 2000® SCREWSEND-USER SPECIFICATIONSINTRODUCTIONThis document provides end-users of TAPTITE 2000® screws dimensional and material information to be used as a uniform standard for TAPTITE 2000® screws. End-users may use this copyrighted material to create their own in-house TAPTITE 2000® standards. This information is intended for use only with TAPTITE 2000® and other genuine TAPTITE®products and prior notification to and permission from REMINC/CONTI is required before incorporating this copyrighted material into any company documents.SCOPE²TAPTITE 2000® screws are high performance thread rolling (forming) screws which form internal threads in nut members, eliminating the need for pre-tapping the nut member, thus lowering the in-place cost of assembly. TAPTITE 2000®screws provide an improved level of overall performance over previous TAPTITE®designs. TAPTITE 2000®screws are characterized by having a unique or multiple TRILOBULAR™ configuration and a unique Radius Profile™ thread form.²Standard TAPTITE 2000® screws have two general configurations. Screws M5 and smaller have a four thread tapered lead with a unique optimum TRILOBULAR™ configuration. Standard TAPTITE 2000®screws M6 and larger have two stabilizing threads which align the screw in the hole and three tapered threads and dual TRILOBULAR™ geometry.²TAPTITE 2000® screws are available with three different heat treatments to suit various nut member materials. ²Standard TAPTITE 2000® screws, M5 and smaller, are case hardened for use in steel applications.²Standard TAPTITE 2000® screws, M6 and larger, are supplied with CORFLEX®-‘I’ heat treatment which provides a neutral hardened screw to any specified grade strength level with a selectively hardened point for thread forming into steel nut members.²Although CORFLEX®-‘I’ heat treatment is recommended for M6 and larger sizes, TAPTITE 2000® screws of any size can be supplied case hardened.²TAPTITE 2000®screws, of any size, which are to be used in soft metals such as aluminum, zinc or magnesium can be heat treated as CORFLEX®-‘N’ screws. This heat treatment is basically neutral hardening to achieve the desired grade strength level. Decarburization is not allowed.²TAPTITE 2000® “SP”™ screws have a short point suitable for use in blind holes in aluminum, zinc and magnesium and are supplied with CORFLEX®-‘N’ heat treatment.²TAPTITE 2000® “CA”™ screws can be supplied with a cut-off or non-cut-off style point. These screws are hole finding and they can be supplied with the same heat treatment as standard TAPTITE 2000® screws dependent on the various nut member materials.²All TAPTITE 2000® screws can be supplied with standard coatings and lubricants.SIZE PITCH LIMITSC D MR0.8 0.20Max0.800 0.780 Min 0.770 0.745 MR1.0 0.25Max1.000 0.975 Min 0.955 0.924 MR1.2 0.25Max1.200 1.175 Min 1.155 1.124 MR1.4 0.30Max1.405 1.375 Min 1.355 1.317 MR1.6 0.35Max1.61 1.58 Min 1.53 1.49 MR1.8 0.35Max1.81 1.78 Min 1.73 1.69 MR2.0 0.40Max2.01 1.97 Min 1.93 1.88 MR2.2 0.45Max2.21 2.17 Min 2.12 2.06 MR2.5 0.45Max2.52 2.48 Min 2.43 2.37 MR3.0 0.50Max3.02 2.97 Min 2.93 2.87 MR3.5 0.60Max3.52 3.46 Min 3.42 3.35 MR4.0 0.70Max4.02 3.95 Min 3.92 3.83 MR4.5 0.75Max4.52 4.45 Min 4.41 4.32 MR5.0 0.80Max5.02 4.94 Min4.914.81Notes: Ls = Screw length ordered. Tolerance per customer requirements.Dimensions shown are before plateSIZE PITCH LIMITS C DMR6 1.00 Max 6.03 5.93Min 5.90 5.78MR7 1.00 Max 7.03 6.93Min 6.90 6.78MR8 1.25 Max 8.03 7.91 Min 7.87 7.71MR9 1.25 Max 9.03 8.91 Min 8.87 8.71MR10 1.50 Max 10.03 9.88 Min 9.85 9.66MR12 1.75 Max 12.04 11.87 Min 11.83 11.61MR14 2.00 Max 14.04 13.84 Min 13.81 13.56MR16 2.00 Max 16.04 15.84 Min 15.81 15.56MR18 2.50 Max 18.04 17.79Min 17.76 17.45MR20 2.50 Max 20.04 19.79Min 19.76 19.45Notes: Ls = Screw length ordered. Tolerance per customer requirements.Dimensions shown are before plate.SIZE PITCH LIMITSC D MR1.0 0.25Max1.000 0.975 Min 0.955 0.924 MR1.2 0.25Max1.200 1.175 Min 1.155 1.124 MR1.4 0.30Max1.405 1.375 Min 1.355 1.317 MR1.6 0.35Max1.61 1.58 Min 1.53 1.49 MR2.0 0.40Max2.01 1.97 Min 1.93 1.88 MR2.5 0.45Max2.52 2.48 Min 2.43 2.37 MR3.0 0.50Max3.02 2.97 Min 2.93 2.87 MR3.5 0.60Max3.52 3.46 Min 3.42 3.35 MR4.0 0.70Max4.02 3.95 Min 3.92 3.83 MR5.0 0.80Max5.02 4.94 Min 4.91 4.81 MR6.0 1.00Max6.03 5.93 Min 5.90 5.78 MR8.0 1.25Max8.03 7.91 Min 7.87 7.71 MR10.0 1.50Max10.03 9.88 Min 9.85 9.66 MR12.0 1.75Max12.04 11.87 Min 11.83 11.61 MR14.0 2.00Max14.04 13.84 Min 13.81 13.56 MR16.02.00Max16.04 15.84 Min 15.81 15.56Notes: Ls = Screw length ordered. Tolerance per customer requirements.Dimensions shown are before plate.SIZE PITCH C D Cp P LIMITS SIZE PITCH C D Cp PMax Ref. Max Ref.MR0.8 0.20 0.800 0.7800.12 1.10MaxMR4.5 0.754.52 4.451.96 4.13 0.770 0.745 Min 4.41 4.32MR1.0 0.25 1.000 0.9750.15 1.38MaxMR5.0 0.805.02 4.942.29 4.40 0.955 0.924 Min 4.91 4.81MR1.2 0.25 1.200 1.175 0.35 1.38 Max MR6.0 1.00 6.03 5.93 2.62 5.501.155 1.124 Min 5.90 5.78MR1.4 0.30 1.405 1.375 0.38 1.65 Max MR7.0 1.00 7.03 6.93 3.62 5.501.355 1.318 Min 6.90 6.78MR1.6 0.35 1.61 1.580.41 1.93MaxMR8.0 1.258.03 7.913.76 6.88 1.53 1.49 Min 7.87 7.71MR1.8 0.35 1.81 1.780.61 1.93MaxMR9.0 1.259.03 8.914.76 6.88 1.73 1.69 Min 8.87 8.71MR2.0 0.40 2.01 1.97 0.64 2.20 Max MR10.0 1.50 10.03 9.88 4.91 8.251.93 1.88 Min 9.85 9.66MR2.2 0.45 2.21 2.17 0.67 2.48 Max MR12.0 1.75 12.04 11.87 6.06 9.632.12 2.06 Min 11.83 11.61MR2.5 0.45 2.52 2.480.98 2.48MaxMR14.0 2.0014.04 13.847.21 11.00 2.43 2.37 Min 13.81 13.56MR3.0 0.50 3.02 2.971.312.75MaxMR16.0 2.0016.04 15.849.21 11.00 2.93 2.87 Min 15.81 15.56MR3.5 0.60 3.52 3.46 1.47 3.30 Max MR18.0 2.50 18.04 17.79 9.50 13.753.42 3.35 Min 17.76 17.45MR4.0 0.70 4.02 3.95 1.63 3.85 Max MR20.0 2.50 20.04 19.79 11.50 13.753.92 3.83 Min 19.76 19.45TAPTITE 2000® SCREWS Case Hardened Material, Mechanical & Perfor mance RequirementsSection 1: SCOPE1.01This section specifies the requirements for case hardened and tempered TAPTITE 2000® screwsintended to be used in steel with a hardness up to 250HV. The requirements stated are intended toqualify TAPTITE 2000® screws as meeting their intended requirements and are not associated withspecific applications.1.02REFERENCES:ISO-898/1 Mechanical PropertiesISO-6507 Hardness Test – Vickers TestSection 2: MATERIALS2.01Cold heading quality fully killed steel wire per SAE J1237Note: For TAPTITE® fasteners a minimum carbon content of 0.18 is recommended to insurerequired mechanical properties are met.Section 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES3.01Heat TreatmentScrews shall be heat treated in a gas carburizing or carbonitriding system, quenched in suitable mediato create a martensitic microstructure. Minimum tempering temperature shall be 340°C minimum.Case Hardness: HV 280 – HV 370Surface Hardness: HV 450 minimumCase Depth: M2 – 3.5 0.05mm – 0.18mmM4 – 5.0 0.10mm – 0.23mm3.02Torsional Strength TestMinimum Torsional Strength (Torque in Nm)M1.0 0.06M2.0 0.60M2.5 1.20M3.0 2.20M3.5 3.50M4.0 5.20M4.5 7.50M5.0 10.503.03DuctilityScrews should withstand a wedge angle of 7° without head separating from shank.3.04Thread Forming CapabilityScrews shall form a mating thread in specified steel test plates and screw thread shall display nosigns of deformation. The internal thread formed shall be capable of accepting a standard 6gtolerance machine screw.3.05Hydrogen Embrittlement TestScrews with electroplated finishes must withstand being in a tightened state for 24 hours and thenwithstand a retightening.Section 4: TEST METHODS4.01Core HardnessCore hardness shall be determined at the mid-radius of a transverse section through the screw takenat a distance sufficiently behind the point of the screw to be through the full minor diameter. Thetest shall comply with ISO 6507.4.02Case Hardness TestFor routine quality control purposes (where case depth and geometry of screws permit), casehardness may be measured on end, shank or head using Vickers Hardness procedure in accordancewith ISO-6507. Hardness tests shall be made on plain finish or plated screws after the finish hasbeen removed.As an alternate method or for referee purposes a micro-hardness instrument can be used. In suchcases, measurements shall be made on the thread profile of a properly prepared longitudinalmetallographic specimen.4.03Case Depth TestCase depth shall be measured at midpoint between crest and root on the thread flank using industryaccepted methods.4.04Torsional Strength TestThe screw shall be clamped in place using a threaded or non-threaded clamping device so thatclamped threads are not damaged. Three threads as a minimum must protrude beyond the top ofthe clamping device. Using a torque measuring device, torque shall be applied until the screwfractures. The torque required to cause fracture is the torsional strength. Fracture must occur inthe exposed threads and not in the clamped portion.On case hardened screws, sizes M5 and smaller, torsional strength testing is required in lieu oftensile testing.4.05Ductility TestThe sample screw shall be inserted into a hole in a hardened, 7° angle wedge block, having a holesize 0.5 to 1.0mm larger than the nominal screw size. An axial compressive load shall be appliedagainst the top of the screw until the plane of the underhead bearing surface is bent permanently to7° with respect to a plane normal to the axis of the screw.It is acceptable to induce the 7° permanent deformation using a hand-held hammer.4.06Thread Forming Capability TestSample screws shall be driven into holes in specified steel test plates until an internal thread of fullmajor diameter is formed completely through the full thickness of the test plate. The driving speedshall not exceed 300rpm. Recording the maximum torque required to form the internal thread isoptional. The use of a lubricant on the screw is permissible.(i.)Test Plate for thread capability test and hydrogen embrittlement test.Test plate shall be of low carbon steel having a hardness range of 115 to 150 HV30. Test holes shall be drilled or punched and reamed to a tolerance of plus or minus 0.025mm of hole size listed below.Table 1Nominal Screw Size& Plate Thickness1.02.0 2.53.0 3.54.0 4.55.0Hole Diameter Max 0.900 1.825 2.275 2.775 3.200 3.680 4.400 4.590 Min 0.880 1.800 2.250 2.750 3.170 3.650 4.100 4.560NOTE: Plate thickness tolerance in accordance with ISO 5954 (For Rolled Plate)4.07Hydrogen EmbrittlementScrews with electroplated finishes shall be baked for a minimum of one hour within the temperature range of 190 – 230°C as soon as practicable after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement.Electroplated screws shall be installed into the hydrogen embrittlement test plates as specified in Table 1. Seat the head of the screw against a hardened steel flat washer or split lock washer. If the screws are not threaded to the head, additional washers and/or spacers (hardened or unhardened) shall be used under the bearing washer to provide a minimum stack thickness corresponding to the length of the maximum unthreaded length on screw plus the distance equal to two to three thread pitches. Full form screw threads must be engaged through the test plate’s thickness. Screws shall be tightened to a test torque equal to 80% of the average failure torque of five screws driven into the test plate until they break into two pieces. The screws shall remain in the tightened state for a minimum of 24 hours, after which all screws will be retightened to the original test torque. The lot is acceptable if no screws break during the waiting period or during retightening.Test Plate Options: Screws can be hydrogen embrittlement tested in their original thread capability test plates or in previously threaded, previously used test plates.TAPTITE 2000® SCREWS CORFLEX®-‘I’ Selectively Hardened (Induction Hardened) Material, Mechanical & Perfor mance RequirementsSection 1: SCOPE1.01This section specifies the requirements for CORFLEX®-‘I’ induction hardened TAPTITE 2000®screws, intended to be used in steel with a hardness up to 250HV. The requirements stated areintended to qualify CORFLEX®-‘I’ TAPTITE 2000® screws as meeting their intended requirementsand are not associated with any specific applications.1.02REFERENCES:ISO-6507 Vickers Hardness Testing ProcedureISO-898/1 Mechanical Properties with the following exceptions(i.)Screws produced to this standard possess mechanical properties in line with ISO 898/1property classes 8.8, 9.8 and 10.9.(ii.)Decarburization on CORFLEX®-‘I’ TAPTITE 2000® thread rolling screws seriously impairs the thread forming properties of the screw and is therefore not permitted.Decarburization as permitted by ISO 898/1 is replaced in this standard by arequirement for carbon restoration.Section 2: MATERIALScrews shall be made from cold heading quality fully killed steel wire. Material shall meet thechemical composition limits for the property class ordered, per ISO-898-1.AISI C4037 material has been the REMINC/CONTI recommended material grade. Othermaterials meeting the material requirements specified in ISO 898, part 1 are also acceptable.Material must be capable of meeting all requirements specified for the induction hardened point.However, the specific condition of the rods and wire as to mechanical qualities, temper,state of anneal, surface finish, etc. shall be in accordance with appropriate practicesestablished for optimum heading and other manufacturing requirements.Section 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES3.01Wedge TensileScrews shall meet wedge tensile breaking loads as specified in ISO-898/1 for the applicableequivalent property class (8.8, 9.8, 10.9).Screws not having suitable head styles (i.e. countersunk heads) are exempt from this test. Screwswith lengths shorter than 13mm have a length less than or three times the nominal screw diameterare also exempt.3.02DecarburizationDuring the hardening process the carbon potential of the atmosphere shall be maintained at a levelbetween “zero” (0) decarburization to slightly in excess of the carbon content of the screws beingprocessed. This process of carbon restoration is designed to eliminate partial and totaldecarburization of the screw thread form. Partial or complete decarburization of the screw threadform would seriously impair the thread rolling properties of the screw.Carbon enrichment up to 0.1mm maximum from the surface of the screw is permitted as a resultof the carbon restoration process.3.03Surface HardnessThe surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured core hardnesson the product when readings of both surface and core are carried out.3.04Thread Forming CapabilityScrews shall form a mating thread in specified steel test plates and screw thread shall display nosigns of thread deformation. The internal thread formed shall be capable of accepting a standard6g tolerance machine screw.3.05Point HardnessThe lead threads shall be induction hardened to achieve minimum hardness of HV 450, includingone to three full threads to a depth of 0.2mm below the root as shown in Figure 1.Following induction hardening, screws shall be stress relieved to 200 – 230°C.Figure 1. Induction Hardened Zone (pictorial representation)Section 4: TEST METHODS4.01Decarburization TestLongitudinal sections shall be taken through the thread axis approximately one nominal diameterfrom the end of the screw. The specimen shall be suitably mounted and prepared for metallographicexamination at not less than 100 x magnification. Prior to examination the sample shall be etchedin a Nital solution.4.02Surface Hardness TestThe surface hardness shall be measured using the Vickers Hardness Testing Procedure inaccordance with ISO 6507.The surface hardness shall be performed on the head after removal of any finish and suitablepreparation (1200 grit grinding or better). Care should be taken to remove as little material aspossible.For referee purposes, a micro-hardness instrument with a Vickers indenter and a 300g load shall beused. In such cases, measurements shall be made on the thread profile of a suitably preparedlongitudinal metallographic specimen.4.03Thread Forming Capability TestSample screws shall be driven into holes in specified test plates until an internal thread of full majordiameter is formed completely through the full thickness of the test plate. Speed of driving shallnot exceed 300 RPM. Recording the maximum torque required to form the thread is optional. Theuse of a lubricant on the screw is permissible.(i.)Test Plate for thread capability test.Test plate shall be of low carbon steel having a hardness range of 115 to 150 HV30. Testholes shall be drilled or punched, and reamed to a tolerance of plus or minus 0.025mm ofhole size listed below.Table 2Nominal Screw Size& Plate Thickness6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0Hole Diameter Max 5.530 7.436 9.336 11.243 13.143 15.143 Min 5.500 7.400 9.300 11.200 13.100 15.100NOTE: Plate thickness tolerance in accordance with ISO 5954 (For Rolled Plate)4.04Induction Hardening TestThe hardness of the induction hardened zone may for routine control purposes be carried out on the screw end using a Vickers 5kg load. As an alternative or where this method is not applicable, a Vickers micro-hardness test with a 300g load may be used on a suitably mounted and prepared specimen. This method shall be a referee in case of dispute.The extent of the induction hardened zone shall be determined by visual examination of a longitudinal section taken through the induction hardened portion and etched in accordance with standard metallurgical practice (See Figure 1).Section 5: MARKING5.01SymbolsIn order to identify CORFLEX®-‘I’ screws as equivalent property class but not the same as athrough hardened metric machine screw, markings must be different than metric machine screws.Marking is obligatory for hex, hex flange and hex washer head screws and other head styles wherethe shape permits.Equivalent Property Class 8.8 9.8 10.9CORFLEX®-‘I’ TAPTITE 2000® Head Marking 08 09 0105.02Trade (Identification) MarksThe trade (identification) marks of the manufacturer is mandatory on all products, which can bemarked with manufacturers’ symbol.Section 6: SURFACE DISCONTINUITIES6.01The application of surface discontinuity specifications is per agreement between manufacturer andend user customer. Regardless of the agreed upon specification, spec parameters should not beapplicable to point threads and thread forming threads.Section 7: EMBRITTLEMENTThe issue of embrittlement is relative to the property class and finish/coating ordered and is to bedetermined by agreement between manufacturer and end user customer.TAPTITE 2000® SCREWS CORFLEX®-‘N’ Neutral (Through) Hardened Material, Mechanical & Perfor mance RequirementsSection 1: SCOPEThis section specifies the requirements for CORFLEX®-‘N’ “neutral” hardenedTAPTITE 2000® and TAPTITE 2000® “SP”™ screws, intended for use in soft metals such asaluminum, zinc and magnesium. The requirements stated are intended to qualifyCORFLEX®-‘N’ TAPTITE 2000®screws as meeting their intended requirements and are notassociated with any specific applications.1.01REFERENCES:ISO-898/1 Mechanical Properties with the following exceptions(i.)Screws produced to this standard possess mechanical properties in line with ISO 898/1property classes 8.8, 9.8 and 10.9.(ii.)Decarburization on CORFLEX®-‘N’ heat treated TAPTITE 2000®and TAPTITE 2000® “SP”™ thread rolling screws can seriously impair the thread formingproperties of the screw and is therefore not permitted. Decarburization as permittedby ISO 898/1 is replaced in this standard by a requirement for carbon restoration. Section 2: MATERIALCold heading quality fully killed carbon steel. Steel to conform to ISO-898/12.01Heat TreatmentScrews are to be neutral (through) hardened in a continuous non-carburizing furnace using finegrain practices. Furnace atmosphere must be controlled to maintain decarburization restrictions asspecified in Section 3.2 and surface hardness conditions as specified in Section 3.3.Quenching medium to suit selected material, suitable to create a martensitic microstructure.Minimum tempering temperatures relative to grade strength (8.8, 9.8, 10.9) should follow thatspecified in ISO 898/1.Section 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES3.01Wedge TensileScrews shall meet wedge tensile breaking loads as specified in ISO-898/1 for the applicableequivalent property class (8.8, 9.8, 10.9).Screws not having suitable head styles (i.e. countersunk heads) are exempt from this test. Screwswith lengths shorter than 13mm have a length less than or three times the nominal screw diameterare also exempt.3.02DecarburizationDuring the hardening process the carbon potential of the atmosphere shall be maintained at a levelbetween “zero” (0) decarburization to slightly in excess of the carbon content of the screws beingprocessed. This process of carbon restoration is designed to eliminate partial and totaldecarburization of the screw thread form. Partial or complete decarburization of the screw threadform would seriously impair the thread rolling properties of the screw.Carbon enrichment up to 0.1mm maximum from the surface of the screw is permitted as a resultof the carbon restoration process.3.03Surface HardnessThe surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured core hardnesson the product when readings of both surface and core are carried out.3.04Thread Forming CapabilityScrews shall form a mating thread in specified aluminum test plates and screw thread shall displayno signs of thread deformation. The internal thread formed shall be capable of accepting a standard6g tolerance machine screw.Section 4: TEST METHODS4.01Decarburization TestLongitudinal sections shall be taken through the thread axis approximately one nominal diameterfrom the end of the screw. The specimen shall be suitably mounted and prepared for metallographicexamination at not less than 100 x magnification. Prior to examination the sample shall be etchedin Nital solution.4.02Surface Hardness TestThe surface hardness shall be measured using the Vickers Hardness Testing Procedure inaccordance with ISO 6507.The surface hardness shall be performed on the head after removal of any finish and suitablepreparation (1200 grit grinding or better). Care should be taken to remove as little material aspossible.For referee purposes, a micro-hardness instrument with a Vickers indenter and a 300g load shall beused. In such cases, measurements shall be made on the thread profile of a suitably preparedlongitudinal metallographic specimen.4.03Thread Forming Capability TestSample screws shall be driven into holes in specified test plates until an internal thread of full majordiameter is formed completely through the full thickness of the test plate. Speed of driving shallnot exceed 300 RPM. Recording the maximum torque required to form the thread is optional. Theuse of a lubricant on the screw is permissible and may be required to avoid galling.(i.)Test Plate for thread capability test.Test plate shall be aluminum with a hardness range of HB30 - 75. Test holes shall be drilled. A mating thread must be formed by driving sample screw into the test plate until a minimum of one full thread extends beyond the test plateNominal Thread Size (mm) 5 6 8 10 12 14 16Plate Thickness (mm) 10 12 16 20 24 28 32Hole Size (mm) Min 4.61 5.51 7.39 9.27 11.15 13.03 15.03 Max 4.66 5.58 7.47 9.37 11.26 13.16 15.16Section 5: MARKING5.01SymbolsIn order to identify CORFLEX®-‘N’ screws as equivalent property class but not the same as athrough hardened metric machine screw, markings must be different than metric machine screws.Marking is obligatory for hex, hex flange and hex washer head screws and other head styles wherethe shape permits.Equivalent Property Class 8.8 9.8 10.9CORFLEX®-‘N’ TAPTITE 2000® Head Marking 8N 9N 10N5.02Trade (Identification) MarksThe trade (identification) marks of the manufacturer is mandatory on all products, which can bemarked with manufacturers’ symbol.Section 6: SURFACE DISCONTINUITIES6.01The application of surface discontinuity specifications is per agreement between manufacturer andend user customer. Regardless of the agreed upon specification, specification parameters shouldnot be applicable to point threads and thread forming threads.Section 7: EMBRITTLEMENTThe issue of embrittlement is relative to the property class and finish/coating ordered and is to bedetermined by agreement between manufacturer and end user customer.。

Designation:B280–03Standard Specification forSeamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning andRefrigeration Field Service1This standard is issued under thefixed designation B280;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This specification establishes the requirements for seam-less copper tube intended for use in the connection,repairs,oralternations of air conditioning or refrigeration units in thefield.N OTE1—Fittings used for soldered or brazed connections in airconditioning and refrigeration systems are described in ASME StandardB16.22.N OTE2—The assembly of copper tubular systems by soldering isdescribed in Practice B828.N OTE3—Solders for joining copper tubular systems are described inSpecification B32.The requirements for acceptablefluxes for thesesystems are described in Specification B813.1.2The tube shall be produced from the following coppers,and the manufacturer has the option to supply any one of them,unless otherwise specified:Copper UNS No.Previously UsedDesignationDescriptionC10200OF Oxygen free withoutresidual deoxidants C12000DLP Phosphorus deoxidized,low residual phosphorus C12200DHP Phosphorus deoxidized,high residual phosphorus 1.3Values stated in inch-pound units are the standard except for grain size which is stated in SI units.SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4The following hazard statement pertains only to the test method described in Section18.2.4of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2B32Specification for Solder MetalB153Test Method for Expansion(Pin Test)of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and TubeB577Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide(Hy-drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility)in CopperB601Classification for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys—Wrought and CastB813Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Solder-ing Applications of Copper and Copper Alloy TubeB828Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and FittingsE3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE53Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-loyed Copper by GravimetryE62Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper Alloys(Photometric Methods)E112Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain SizeE243Practice for Electromagnetic(Eddy-Current)Exami-nation of Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy TubesE255Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for Determination of Chemical CompositionE527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS) 2.2ASME Standards:3B1622Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04on Pipe and Tube.Current edition approved Oct.1,2003.Published November2003.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2002as B280–02.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1average diameter(for round tubes only),n—the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters,or maximum and minimum inside diameters,whichever is appli-cable,as determined at any one cross section of the tube. 3.1.2bright anneal,n—a thermal treatment carried out in a controlled atmosphere so that surface oxidation is reduced to a minimum and the surface remains relatively bright.3.1.3coil,n—a length of the product wound into a series of connected turns.The unqualified term“coil”as applied to tube usually refers to a bunched coil.3.1.3.1bunched,n—a coil in which the turns are bunched and held together such that the cross section of the bunched turns is approximately circular.3.1.3.2level or traverse wound,n—a coil in which the turns are wound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such that successive turns in a given layer are next to one another. (Sometimes called“helical coil.”)3.1.3.3single layerflat,n—a coil in which the product is spirally wound into a single disk-like layer.(Sometimes called “pancake coil”or“single layer spirally wound coil.”)3.1.3.4double layerflat,n—a coil in which the product is spirally wound into two connected disk-like layers such that one layer is on top of the other.(Sometimes called“double layer pancake coil”or“double layer spirally wound coil.”) 3.1.4lengths,n—straight pieces of the product.3.1.4.1specific,n—straight lengths that are uniform in length,as specified,and subject to established length toler-ances.3.1.4.2standard,n—uniform lengths recommended in a Simplified Practice Recommendation or established as a Com-mercial Standard.3.1.5tube,seamless,n—a tube produced with a continuous periphery in all stages of the operations.3.1.5.1tube,air conditioning,n—a seamless copper tube conforming to a standard series of sizes(Table6)and to specified internal cleanness requirements,normally furnished in drawn temper straight lengths with the ends capped or sealed.3.1.5.2tube,refrigeration service,n—a seamless copper tube conforming to a standard series of sizes(Table5)and to special internal cleanliness and dehydration requirements, normally furnished in soft temper coils and with ends capped or sealed.3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1capable of—the test need not be performed by the producer of the material.However,if subsequent testing by the purchaser establishes that the material does not meet these requirements,the material shall be subject to rejection.4.Ordering Information4.1Include this information for contracts or purchase orders for products furnished to this specification:4.1.1ASTM designation and year of issue(for example, B280–03),4.1.2Copper UNS No.(not necessary unless a specific copper is desired),4.1.3Dimensions;wall thickness,diameter,and so forth (Section13),4.1.4How furnished:coils or straight lengths,4.1.5Temper(for example,O60or H58),4.1.6Size(Tables5and6),4.1.7Length(Section13),4.1.8Quantity(total pieces of each size and type),4.1.9When product purchased for agencies of the U.S. Government(Section12).4.2The following options are available and shall be speci-fied in the contract or purchase order when required:4.2.1Expansion test(Section10.1),4.2.2Cleanness test(Sections10.2and18.2.4),4.2.3Microscopical Examination for Hydrogen Embrittle-ment,Procedure B(10.3.2),4.2.4Certification(Section22),and4.2.5Test report(Section23).5.Materials and Manufacture5.1Materials—The material of manufacture shall be billets, bars,or tube and shall be of such soundness as to be suitable for processing into the tubular products described.5.2Manufacture:5.2.1The tube shall be manufactured by such hot or cold working processes as to produce a homogeneous uniform wrought structure in thefinished product.The tube shall be cold drawn to thefinished size and wall thickness.5.2.2Coiled lengths specified O60,soft annealed temper, shall be bright annealed after coiling,then dehydrated,and capped,plugged,crimped,or otherwise closed at both ends so as to maintain the internal cleanness of the tubing under normal conditions of handling and storage.5.2.3Straight lengths specified H58hard-drawn temper shall be cleaned and capped,plugged,or otherwise closed at both ends so as to maintain the internal cleanness of the tubing under normal conditions of handling and storage.6.Chemical Composition6.1The chemical composition shall conform to the chemi-cal requirements in Table1for the specific type of copper. 6.1.1These limits do not preclude the presence of other elements.When included in the contract or purchase order,and agreed upon by the manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser, limits shall be established and analysis required for unnamed elements.7.Temper7.1Product under this specification shall be furnished in either O60(soft annealed)or H58(drawn general purpose)TABLE1Chemical Composition—Weight% Element Copper UNS No.C10200A C12000C12200 Copper,B min99.9599.9099.9Phosphorus...0.004–0.0120.015–0.040A Oxygen shall be10ppm max.B Copper+silver.temper,as specified in the contract or purchase order and defined in Classification B601.7.1.1Coils are normally furnished in O60temper and straight lengths in H58temper.8.Grain Size8.1Coiled lengths shall be furnished in the O60temper and shall have a recrystallized average grain size of0.035mm minimum when determined in accordance with Test Methods E112.9.Tensile Requirements9.1The tube shall conform to the tensile requirements prescribed in Table2.10.Performance Requirements10.1Expansion Test:10.1.1Tube furnished in the O60soft annealed temper shall be capable of being expanded in accordance with Test Method B153to the following extent:10.1.1.1The expanded tube shall show no cracking or other defects visible to the unaided eye.10.1.2Unless specified in the contract or purchase order, this test is not required to be performed by the manufacturer.10.2Cleanness of Interior Surface:10.2.1When specified in the contract or purchase order,this test shall be performed by the manufacturer.10.2.2After evaporation of the cleaning solvent,the residue weight shall not exceed0.0035g/ft2(0.038g/m2)of the interior surface.The maximum amount of residue in grams per tube shall not exceed the limits specified in Table3and Table 4.10.3Microscopical Examination for Susceptibility to Hy-drogen Embrittlement:10.3.1Tubes furnished in Copper UNS No.C10200and C12000shall be essentially free of cuprous oxide as deter-mined by Procedure A of Test Methods B577.When Copper UNS No.C12200is supplied,examination is not required.In case of a dispute,Procedure C of Test Methods B577shall be used as the referee method.10.3.2Tubes furnished in all coppers shall be capable of passing the embrittlement test specified in Procedure B of Test Methods B577.The actual performance of the test is not required unless specifically requested in the ordering docu-ment.In case of a dispute,Procedure C of Test Methods B577 shall be used as the referee method.11.Nondestructive Testing11.1Electromagnetic(Eddy-Current)Examination:11.1.1Each straight length of tube up to and including31⁄8 in.(79.4mm)in outside diameter,shall be subjected to examination.11.1.2Tubes that do not actuate the signaling device on the testing unit,after having been adjusted to provide information on the suitability of the tube for the intended application,shall conform to the requirements of this test.Testing shall be in accordance with Practice E243.11.1.3Testing of coiled lengths shall be subject to negotia-tion between the manufacturer and the purchaser.11.1.4For tubes too large for the testing unit,the test method to be used shall be by agreement between the manu-facturer and the purchaser.12.Purchases for Agencies of the ernment12.1When specified in the contract or purchase order, product purchased for agencies of the ernment shall conform to the requirements stipulated in the Supplementary Requirements.13.Dimensions,Mass,and Permissible Variations13.1The standard dimensions and weights per foot for the various nominal sizes are given in Tables5and6.TABLE2Tensile RequirementsFormTemper DesignationTensile Strength,minElongation in2in.(50.8mm),min,% Standard Former ksi A MPa BCoiled lengths O60soft annealed3020540 Straight lengths H58drawn generalpurpose36250...A ksi=1000psi.B See Appendix X1.TABLE3Interior Surface Residue Limits of Soft Coiled Lengths StandardSize,in.WallThickness,in.(mm)Internal Area per Length of Tube,ft2(m2)Residue ALimit per50-ft(15.2-m)Coil,g1ft(0.305m)50ft(15.2m) 1⁄80.030(0.762)0.0171(0.00159)0.85(0.0795)0.0030 3⁄160.030(0.762)0.0333(0.00309) 1.67(0.155)0.0058 1⁄40.030(0.762)0.0498(0.00467) 2.49(0.234)0.0087 5⁄160.032(0.813)0.6050(0.00604) 3.25(0.302)0.0114 3⁄80.032(0.813)0.0815(0.00757) 4.08(0.379)0.0143 1⁄20.032(0.813)0.1142(0.0106) 5.71(0.530)0.0200 5⁄80.035(0.889)0.1453(0.0135)7.26(0.675)0.0254 3⁄40.035(0.889)0.1780(0.0165)8.90(0.827)0.0312 3⁄40.042(1.07)0.1744(0.0162)8.72(0.810)0.0305 7⁄80.045(1.14)0.2055(0.0191)10.28(0.955)0.0360 11⁄80.050(1.27)0.2683(0.0249)13.42(1.24)0.0470 13⁄80.055(1.40)0.3312(0.0308)16.56(1.54)0.0580 15⁄80.060(1.52)0.3940(0.0366)19.70(1.83)0.0690A Residue limit0.0035-g/ft2(0.038-g/m2)inside area.TABLE4Interior Surface Residue Limits of Straight LengthsStandardSize,in.WallThickness,in.(mm)Internal Area per Length of Tube,ft2(m2)Residue ALimit per20-ft(6.10-m)StraightLength,g1ft(0.305m)20ft(6.10m)3⁄80.030(0.762)0.0824(0.00765) 1.65(0.153)0.0058 1⁄20.035(0.889)0.1126(0.0105) 2.25(0.210)0.0079 5⁄80.040(1.02)0.1427(0.0133) 2.85(0.266)0.0100 3⁄40.042(1.07)0.1744(0.0162) 3.49(0.324)0.0122 7⁄80.045(1.14)0.2055(0.0191) 4.11(0.382)0.0144 11⁄80.050(1.27)0.2683(0.0249) 5.37(0.498)0.0188 13⁄80.055(1.40)0.3312(0.0308) 6.62(0.616)0.0232 15⁄80.060(1.52)0.3940(0.0366)7.88(0.732)0.0276 21⁄80.070(1.78)0.5197(0.0423)10.39(0.846)0.0364 25⁄80.080(2.03)0.6453(0.0599)12.91(1.120)0.0453 31⁄80.090(2.29)0.7710(0.0716)15.42(1.43)0.0540 35⁄80.100(2.54)0.8966(0.0833)17.93(1.67)0.0628 41⁄80.110(2.79) 1.0220(0.0949)20.44(1.900.0717A Residue limit0.0035-g/ft2(0.038-g/m2)insidearea.13.2Wall Thickness and Diameter —The tolerances for wall thickness and diameter shall conform to the requirements specified in Tables 7and 5.13.3Lengths and Tolerances :13.3.1Standard Lengths and Tolerances —The standard length for coils shall be 50ft (15.2m).The length tolerances for 50-ft coils shall be +12in.(300mm)and –0in.The standard length for straight lengths shall be 20ft (6.10m).The length tolerances for 20-ft lengths shall be +1in.(25mm)and –0in.13.3.2Tubes supplied in other than standard lengths and tolerances shall be in accordance with requirements established by agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser.13.4Roundness —For drawn unannealed tube in straight lengths,the roundness tolerance as specified in Table 6.The deviation from roundness is measured as the difference be-tween major and minor diameters as determined at any one cross section of the tube.Roundness tolerance has not been established for annealed tube in straight lengths nor for tubes furnished in coils.13.5Squareness of Cut —For tube in straight lengths,the departure from squareness of the end of any tube shall not exceed more than 0.010in.(0.25mm)for tube up to and including 5⁄8-in.(15.9-mm)standard size;and not more than 0.016in./in.(0.016mm/mm)of outside diameter,for tube larger than 5⁄8-in.standard size.13.6For the purpose of determining conformance with the dimensional requirements prescribed in this specification,any measured value outside the specified limiting values for any dimension shall be subject to rejection.TABLE 5Standard Dimensions and Weights,and Tolerances in Diameter and Wall Thickness for Straight LengthsN OTE 1—Applicable to drawn temper tube only.Standard Size,in.Outside Diameter,in.(mm)Wall Thickness,in.(mm)Weight,lb/ft (kg/m)TolerancesAverage A Outside Diam-eter,Plus and Minus,in.(mm)Wall B Thickness,Plus andMinus,in.(mm)3⁄80.375(9.52)0.030(0.762)0.126(0.187)0.001(0.025)0.003(0.08)1⁄20.500(12.7)0.035(0.889)0.198(0.295)0.001(0.025)0.004(0.09)5⁄80.625(15.9)0.040(1.02)0.285(0.424)0.001(0.025)0.004(0.10)3⁄40.750(19.1)0.042(1.07)0.362(0.539)0.001(0.025)0.004(0.11)7⁄80.875(22.3)0.045(1.14)0.455(0.677)0.001(0.025)0.004(0.11)11⁄8 1.125(28.6)0.050(1.27)0.655(0.975)0.0015(0.038)0.004(0.13)13⁄8 1.375(34.9)0.055(1.40)0.884(1.32)0.0015(0.038)0.006(0.14)15⁄8 1.625(41.3)0.060(1.52) 1.14(1.70)0.002(0.051)0.006(0.15)21⁄8 2.125(54.0)0.070(1.78) 1.75(2.60)0.002(0.051)0.007(0.18)25⁄8 2.625(66.7)0.080(2.03) 2.48(3.69)0.002(0.051)0.008(0.20)31⁄8 3.125(79.4)0.090(2.29) 3.33(4.96)0.002(0.051)0.009(0.23)35⁄8 3.625(92.1)0.100(2.54) 4.29(6.38)0.002(0.051)0.010(0.25)41⁄84.125(105)0.110(2.79)5.38(8.01)0.002(0.051)0.011(0.28)A The average outside diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters as determined at any one cross section of the tube.BThe tolerances listed represent the maximum deviation at any point.TABLE 6Roundness ToleranceN OTE 1—Applicable to drawn unannealed straight length tube only.t/D (Ratio of Wall Thickness to NominalOutside Diameter)Roundness Tolerance Percent of Nominal Outside Diameter (Ex-pressed to Nearest 0.001in.or0.010mm)0.01to 0.03,incl1.5Over 0.03to 0.05,incl 1.0Over 0.05to 0.10,incl0.8TABLE 7Standard Dimensions and Weights,and Tolerances in Diameter and Wall Thickness for Coil LengthsStandard Size,in.Outside Diameter,in.(mm)Wall Thickness,in.(mm)Weight,lb/ft (kg/m)TolerancesAverage A OutsideDiameter,Plus and Minus,in.(mm)Wall B Thickness,Plus andMinus,in.(mm)1⁄80.125(3.18)0.030(0.762)0.0347(0.0516)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)3⁄160.187(4.75)0.030(0.762)0.0575(0.0856)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)1⁄40.250(6.35)0.030(0.762)0.0804(0.120)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)5⁄160.312(7.92)0.032(0.813)0.109(0.162)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)3⁄80.375(9.52)0.032(0.813)0.134(0.199)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)1⁄20.500(12.7)0.032(0.813)0.182(0.271)0.002(0.051)0.003(0.08)5⁄80.625(15.9)0.035(0.889)0.251(0.373)0.002(0.051)0.004(0.11)3⁄40.750(19.1)0.035(0.889)0.305(0.454)0.0025(0.064)0.004(0.11)3⁄40.750(19.1)0.042(1.07)0.362(0.539)0.0025(0.064)0.004(0.11)7⁄80.875(22.3)0.045(1.14)0.455(0.677)0.003(0.076)0.004(0.11)11⁄8 1.125(28.6)0.050(1.27)0.665(0.975)0.0035(0.089)0.005(0.13)13⁄8 1.375(34.9)0.055(1.40)0.884(1.32)0.004(0.10)0.006(0.15)15⁄81.625(41.3)0.060(1.52) 1.14(1.70)0.0045(0.11)0.006(0.15)A The average outside diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters as determined at any one cross section of the tube.BThe tolerances listed represent the maximum deviation at anypoint.14.Workmanship,Finish and Appearance14.1The finished tube shall be smooth,free of internal and external mechanical imperfections,and shall have a clean,bright appearance.15.Sampling15.1The lot size,portion size,and selection of sample pieces shall be as follows:15.1.1Lot Size —The lot size shall be 10000lbs (5000kg)or fraction thereof.15.1.2Portion Size —Sample pieces shall be selected to be representative of the lot as shown in Table 8.15.1.2.1In the case of tube furnished in coils,a length sufficient for all necessary tests shall be cut from each coil selected for purpose of test.The remaining portion of these coils shall be included in the shipment,and the permissible variations in length on such coils shall be waived.15.2Chemical Composition :15.2.1The sample shall be taken in approximately equal weight from each piece selected in 15.1.2and prepared in accordance with Practice E 255.The minimum weight of the composite sample shall be 150g.15.2.2Instead of sampling in accordance with Practice E 255,the manufacturer shall have the option of sampling at the time castings are poured or from the semifinished product.When the composition is determined during the course of manufacture,sampling of the finished product is not required.15.2.3The number of samples taken during the course of manufacture shall be as follows:15.2.3.1When samples are taken at the time the castings are poured,at least one sample shall be taken for each group of castings poured simultaneously from the same source of molten metal.15.2.3.2When samples are taken from the semifinished product,a sample shall be taken to represent each 10000lbs (5000kg)or fraction thereof,except that not more than one sample per piece shall be required.15.3Other Tests —Specimens for all other tests shall be taken from two of the sample pieces selected in 15.1.2.In the event only one sample piece is selected,all specimens shall be taken from that piece.16.Number of Tests and Retests 16.1Tests :16.1.1Chemical composition shall be reported as the aver-age of results from at least two replicate determinations for each specified element and each determination must meet specification requirement.16.1.2Tensile and grain size shall be reported as the average of results from the specimens tested and all specimens must conform to specification requirements.16.1.3Specimens for all other tests must meet specification requirements.16.2Retest :16.2.1When test results obtained by the purchaser fail to conform with the product specification requirement(s),the manufacturer or supplier shall have the option to perform a retest.16.2.2Retesting shall be as directed in the product specifi-cation for the initial test except for the number of test specimens which shall be twice that normally required for the test.Test results for all specimens shall conform to the product specification requirement(s)in retest and failure to comply shall be cause for lot rejection.17.Specimen Preparation17.1Chemical Analysis —Preparation of the analytical specimens for the determination of chemical composition shall be the responsibility of the reporting laboratory.17.2Grain Size and Microscopical Examination :17.2.1The specimen(s)shall be prepared in accordance with Guide E 3.17.2.2The surface of the specimen shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of the tube.17.3Tensile —Tensile test specimens shall be of the full section of the tube and shall conform with the requirements of the Test Specimen section of Test Methods E 8,unless the limitation of the testing machine precludes the use of such specimen in which case test specimen conforming to Type No.1of Fig.13in Test Methods E 8shall be used.17.4Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current)Test —Tubes for this test require no special preparation.17.5Expansion Test —Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the Test Specimen section of Test Method B 153.18.Test Methods18.1Chemical Composition :18.1.1Chemical composition,in case of disagreement,shall be determined as follows:Element Test MethodCopperE 53PhosphorusE 6218.1.2The test method(s)to be followed for the determina-tion of element(s)required by contractual or purchase order agreement shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.18.2The tubes shall conform with the physical and me-chanical properties and other requirements in this specification when tested in accordance with the following appropriate test method or practice:TABLE 8Sampling ScheduleN OTE 1—Each sample piece shall be taken from a separate tube.Number of Pieces in LotNumber of Sample Pieces to be Taken 1to 50151to 2002201to 15003Over 15000.2%of total number of pieces in the lot,but notto exceed 10piecesTest Test MethodGrain size E3,E112Tensile E8Expansion(pin test)B153Electromagnetic(eddy-current)test E243Cleanness Section18.2.4Microscopical Examination,Procedure AE3,B577Microscopical Examination,Procedure BE3,B57718.2.1Grain size,in case of dispute,shall be determined by the intercept method.18.2.2Tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E8.18.2.2.1Whenever test results are obtained from both full-size and machined specimens and they differ,the test results from the full-size specimens shall prevail.18.2.2.2Test results are not seriously affected by variations in speed of testing.It is not prohibited to use a considerable range of testing speeds,however,the rate of stressing to the yield strength shall not exceed100ksi/min.Above the yield strength the movement per minute of the testing machine head under load shall not exceed0.5in./in.of gage length(or distance between grips for full-section specimens).18.2.3Electromagnetic(Eddy-Current)Test—Each tube up to and including31⁄8in.(79.4mm)in outside diameter,shall be subjected to an eddy-current test.Testing shall follow the procedures in Practice E243.Tubes shall be passed through an eddy-current test unit adjusted to provide information on the suitability of the tube for the intended application.18.2.3.1Either notch depth or drilled hole standards shall be used.(a)Notch depth standards,rounded to the nearest0.001in. shall be22%of the wall thickness.The notch depth tolerance shall be60.0005in.(b)Drilled holes shall be drilled radially through the wall using a suitable drill jig that has a bushing to guide the drill, care being taken to avoid distortion of the tube while drilling. The diameter of the drilled hole shall be in accordance with the following and shall not vary by more than+0.001,–0.000in. of the hole diameter specified.Tube Outside Diameter,in.Diameter of DrilledHoles,in.Drill Number1⁄4to3⁄4,incl0.02572 Over3⁄4to1,incl0.03168 Over1to11⁄4,incl0.03664 Over11⁄4to11⁄2,incl0.04258 Over11⁄2to13⁄4,incl0.04656 Over13⁄4to2,incl0.05255Tube Outside Diameter,mm Diameter of DrilledHoles,mm Drill Number6.0to19.0,incl0.63572Over19.0to25,incl0.78568Over25to32,incl0.91564Over32to38,incl 1.0758Over38to45,incl 1.1756Over45to50,incl 1.3225518.2.3.2Alternatively,at the option of the manufacturer, using speed-insensitive eddy-current units that are equipped to select a fraction of the maximum imbalance signal,the following percent maximum imbalance signals shall be used: Standard Tube Size,in.Maximum Percent Imbalance SignalMagnitudeUp to3⁄8,incl0.21⁄2to2,incl0.3Over2to3,incl0.4Standard Tube Size,mmMaximum Percent Imbalance SignalMagnitudeUp to9,incl0.213to50,incl0.3Over50to76,incl0.418.2.3.3Tubes that do not activate the signalling device of the eddy-current tester shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of this test.At the option of the manufacturer, tubes with discontinuities indicated by the testing unit are not prohibited from being reexamined or retested to determine whether the discontinuity is cause for rejection.Signals that are found to have been caused by minor mechanical damage,soil or moisture,shall not be cause for rejection of the tubes provided the tube dimensions are still within prescribed limits and the tube is suitable for its intended application.18.2.4Cleanness Test:18.2.4.1In performing this test,care must be exercised to clean the outside surface of the end of the sample to be immersed in the solvent.The sample must be prepared in such a manner as to prevent the inclusion in the residue of copper chips or dust,resulting from cutting of the sample.Because of test limitations,it is not required that straight tubes13⁄8in.(35 mm)and over be tested full length.For such tubes,it is not prohibited to test a shorter length to a minimum of5ft(1500 mm)with a corresponding reduced maximum permissible residue limit based upon0.0035g/ft2(0.038g/m2)of sample interior surface.18.2.4.2Cap,or plug,one end of the tube andfill with solvent to one eighth of its capacity.Cap,or plug,thefilling end and roll tube on horizontal supports to thoroughly wash the inside surface.A minimum quantity of100mL shall be used for diameters up to1⁄2in.(12.7mm)and shall be increased proportionally for the larger sizes.18.2.4.3Remove a cap,or plug,and pour the solvent into a suitable clean weighed container.With adequate exhaust,the solvent in the container shall be evaporated to near dryness at a low temperature on a hot plate or sand bath.(Warning—Overheating is likely to cause charring of the residue.)18.2.4.4Place the container in a drying oven with the temperature set at10565°C for10min to complete the drying process.When dry,remove the container,cool in a desiccator, and weigh.18.2.4.5A blank determination with the same volume of solvent as that poured from the cleaned tube shall be made.18.2.4.6Subtract the weight of the blank residue from the weight of the tube cleaning solvent residue.The corrected weight shall then be calculated to grams of residue per internal area of the tube as follows:C5A–B(1)。

氢脆消除(Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief)
依据标准：ISO-4042-1989(E)
一．在什么情况下要做好氢脆消除(Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief)
1.抗拉强度Rm>1000N/mm2 (102kg/ mm2)或CLASS10.9(含)以
上。

2.硬度〉HV320(渗碳产品)
二．在什么情况下要做氢脆消除(Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief)，并在电镀之前处理阶段避免使用酸?
1.抗拉强度Rm>1450N/mm2 (148kg/ mm2)
2.硬度〉HV450(渗碳产品)
三. 氢脆消除(Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief)之温度及烘烤时间？
1.温度在180~2300C(参考ISO-4042)
2.烘烤时间：
*10.9级螺丝4小时
*12.9级螺丝6小时
*HV390~500(螺丝+弹簧垫片组合件) 8小时
*HV500~600(螺丝+弹簧垫片组合件) 12小时
*渗碳螺丝钉（Tapping Screws）2小时
*Thred-forming Screws 6小时注①：电镀层厚度〉5 μ
驻②：两个阶段：电镀（第1次）——除氢——电镀（第2次）
注③：电镀后4小时内必须烘烤除氢。

一般如何测试氢脆？为了研究或防止氢脆，需要对金属的氢脆情况进行测试，以获取相关信息。

测试氢脆的方法有好几种，常用的有往复弯曲试验和延迟破坏试验。

(1)往复弯曲试验往复弯曲试验对低脆性材料比较灵敏，可以用来对不同基体材料在经过相同的电镀工艺处理后的氢脆程度进行比较，也可以对相同的基体材料上的不同电镀工艺的氢脆程度进行比较。

这种试验的方法是取一个待测试片，其尺寸规格为：150mm×l3mm×l. 5mm，表面粗糙度Ra=1.6。

对试片进行热处理使之达到规定的硬度，然后用往复弯曲机让试片在一定直径的轴上以一定的速度进行缓慢的弯曲试验，直至试片断裂。

弯曲方式有90。

往复弯曲和l80。

单面弯曲两种，以前一种方式应用较多，弯曲的速度是0．6.／s。

如果是单面弯曲则所取的速度则为0．13。

／s。

评价的方法是将弯曲试验至断裂时的次数乘以角度，以获得弯曲角度的总和，其角度总值越大，氢脆越小。

测试时要注意以下几点。

①试片在进行热处理后如果有变形，应静压校平，不可以敲打校正，否则会使试片的内应力增加，影响试验结果。

②为了防止应力影响，电镀前应进行去应力，在电镀后则要进行除氢处理，这时检测的是残余氢脆的影响。

③弯曲试验时所用的轴的直径的选用很重要，因为评价这种试验结果的量化指标与轴径有关，对于小的轴径，则弯曲至断裂的次数就会少一些，具体选用什么轴径要通过对基体材料的空白试验来确定，并且在提供数据时要指明所用的轴径，否则参数没有可比性。

(2)延迟破坏试验延迟破坏试验是一种灵敏度较高的试验方法，适合用于高强度钢制品的氢脆检测。

这种氢脆测试也是在试验机上进行的，所用的试验机为持久强度试验机或蠕变试验机，检测试样在这种试验机上受到小于破坏程度的应力的作用，观测其直到断裂时的时间。

如果到规定的时间尚没有发生断裂，即为合格。

这种试验需要采用按一定要求制作的标准的测试验棒。

并且每次要使用三支同样条件的试样平行做试验，以使结果更为可信。

腐蚀与防护术语中、英文名词对照1、加速腐蚀试验 accelerated corriosion test2、加速氧化 accelerated oxidation3、酸洗 acid cleaning4、酸洗清洁剂 acid picking5、酸洗清洁剂 acidic cleaner6、酸度 acidity7、活化 activity8、激化能 activation energy9、活化极化 activation polarization10、活化剂 activator11、活性的，活化的 active12、活化金属 active metals13、活化-钝化电池 active-passive cell14、活性区，活化区 active zone15、活度 activity16、优级海军黄铜 admiralty brass17、充气 aeration18、充气电池 aeration cell19、嗜氧菌 aerobic bacteria20、老化 aging21、老化作用 aging action22、大气污染 air pollution23、周浸试验 alternate immersion test24、厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria25、厌氧菌腐蚀 anaerobic corrosion26、阴离子 anion27、阳极 anode28、阳极极化 anodic polarization29、阳极电流密度 anodic current density30、阳极氧化物膜 anodic oxide coating31、阳极保护 anodic protection32、阳极区电解质 anolyte33、耐侯性低合金钢 anti-weathering low alloy steel34、外加电位 applied potential35、水溶液腐蚀 aqueous corrosion36、人造海水 artificial seawater37、大气暴露试验atmospheric exposure test38、大气腐蚀 atmospheric corrosion39、奥氏体不锈钢austenitic stainless steel40、辅助电极 auxiliary electrode41、细菌腐蚀 bacteria corrosion42、贱金属 base metal43、双金属腐蚀 bimetallic corrosion44、甘汞电极 calomel electrode45、甘汞电极电位calomel electrode potential46、碳化 carburizing47、阴极 cathode48、阴极保护 cathodic protection49、阴极极化 cathodic polarization50、阴极电流密度 cathodic current density51、阴极电流效率cathodic current efficiency52、阴极区电解质 catholyte53、阳离子 cation54、碱脆 caustic embrittlement55、空泡作用 cavitation56、空泡腐蚀 cavitation corrosion57、空泡损伤 cavitation damage58、空泡磨蚀 cavitation erosion59、电池 cell60、渗镀，渗碳 cementation61、化学清洗 chemical cleaning62、化学转化涂层chemical conversion coating63、化学钝化 chemical passivation64、化学镀 chemical（electroless）plating65、铬酸盐处理（铬化） chromating66、清洗液 cleaning solution67、浓差电池 concentration cell68、接触腐蚀 contact corrosion69、转换涂层 conversion coating70、恒变形 constant deflection71、恒载荷 constant load72、腐蚀 corrosion73、腐蚀-磨蚀 corrosion-erosion74、腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue75、腐蚀电位 corrosion potential76、腐蚀控制 corrosion control77、腐蚀电流 corrosion current78、腐蚀电流密度corrosion current density79、腐蚀疲劳开裂corrosion fatigue cracking80、腐蚀疲劳极限 corrosion fatigue limit81、腐蚀产物 corrosion product82、腐蚀速率 corrosion rate83、腐蚀科学 corrosion science84、腐蚀试验 corrosion test85、腐蚀失重 corrosion weight loss86、腐蚀增重 corrosion weight gain87、电偶 couple88、电偶作用 couple action89、开裂 cracking90、龟裂 crazing91、缝隙腐蚀 crevice corrosion92、临界阳极电流密度critical anodic current density93、临界浓度 critical concentration94、临界湿度 critical humidity95、晶体 crystal96、辅助电极 counter electrode97、电流密度 current density98、去活化作用 deactivation99、脱合金元素作用 dealloying100、脱铝 dealuminization101、去气 deaeration102、缺陷 defect103、脱脂 degreasing104、去矿化物质 demineralization105、去极化 depolarization106、腐蚀深度 depth of corrosion107、沉积物腐蚀 deposit corrosion108、脱锌 dezincification109、扩散 diffusion110、扩散电位 diffusion potential111、差异充气电池 differential aeration cell112、极限扩散电流密度diffusion limited current density113、电流 electric current114、电位 electric potential115、电化学电池 electrochemical cell 116、电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion117、电化学当量electrochemical equivalent118、电极 electrode119、电极电位 electrode potential120、电极反应 electrode reaction121、电解质 electrolyte122、电解 electrolysis123、电解清洗 electrolytic cleaning 124、电动序 electromotive force（Emf）series125、负电性电位electropositive potential126、电泳沉积 electrophoretic deposition 127、电镀 electroplating128、正电性电位electropositive potential129、静电喷涂层 electrostatic coating 130、脆化 embrittlement131、磨耗 erosion132、磨耗腐蚀（或冲击腐蚀）erosion-corrosion133、平衡电位 equilibrium potential 134、腐蚀极化图 Evans diagram135、剥蚀 exfoliation corrosion136、交换电流密度exchange currentdensity137、暴露实验 exposure test138、疲劳 fatigue139、铁素体 ferrite140、铁素体不锈钢ferrite stainless steel141、丝状腐蚀 filiform corrosion142、弗拉德电位 Flade potential143、剥层腐蚀 foliation144、膜 film145、微动腐蚀 fretting corrosion146、燃灰腐蚀 fuel ash corrosion147、电偶作用 galvanic action148、伽法尼电池 galvanic cell149、电偶腐蚀 galvanic corrosion150、电偶对 galvanic couple151、电偶序 galvanic series152、热镀锌 galvanizing153、恒电流的 galvanoststatic154、普遍（全面）腐蚀 general corrosion 155、晶界裂纹 grain boundary crack 156、晶粒 grain157、石墨化腐蚀 graphitic corrosion 158、重量法 gravimetric methods159、绿锈 green rot160、哈氏合金 hastelloy161、热影响区 heat affected zone（HAZ）162、耐热钢 heat resistant steel163、热处理 heat treatment164、高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion165、热腐蚀 hot corrosion166、热镀铝 hot-dip alumizing167、湿度 humidity168、氢腐蚀 hydrogen attack169、氢鼓泡 hydrogen blistering170、氢损伤 hydrogen damage171、氢电极 hydrogen electrode172、氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement173、氢致开裂 hydrogen induced cracking 174、氢超电压 hydrogen overvoltage 175、氢标 hydrogen scale176、浸泡实验 immersion test177、冲蚀 impingement corrosion178、因科乃尔 Inconel179、因科罗 Incoloy180、工业大气 industrial atmosphere 181、缓蚀剂 inhibitor182、晶间裂纹 intergranular crack183、不溶性阳极 insoluble anode184、晶间腐蚀 intergranular corrosion 185、延晶应力腐蚀断裂intergranular stress corrosion cracking186、内氧化 interal oxidation187、内应力 interal stress188、例子浓差电池 ion concentration cell 189、离子 ion190、离子注入 ion implantation191、刀线腐蚀 knife-line corrosion 192、激光釉化 laser glazing193、层状腐蚀 layer corrosion194、晶格缺陷 lattic defect195、液态金属腐蚀 liquid metal corrosion 196、局部作用 local action197、局部电池 local cell198、局部腐蚀 local corrosion199、海洋腐蚀 marine corrosion200、马氏体 martensite201、马氏体不锈钢 martensitic stainless steel202、力学性能 mechanical property203、金属离子浓差电池metal ion concentration cell204、金属喷镀 metal spray205、金属镀层 metallic coating206、微生物腐蚀microbiological corrosion207、金属粉化 metal dusting208、混合电位 mixed potential209、轧制铁鳞 mill scale210、贵金属 noble metal211、海军黄铜 navy brass212、贵电位 noble potential213、非金属涂层 nonmetallic coating 214、氮化 nitriding215、过电位 overpotential216、氧化 oxidation217、开路电位 open circuit potential218、氧化-还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential219、氧化物 oxide220、氧化膜 oxide film221、氧浓差电池oxygen concentration cell222、钝化 passivation223、钝化剂 passivator224、钝化-活化电池 passive-active cell 225、钝化的，钝性的 passive226、铜绿 patina227、酸度计 pH indicator，acidometer 228、磷酸盐处理 phosphating229、酸洗液 pickling solution230、蚀孔 pit231、点蚀 pitting232、点蚀击穿电位pitting breakdown potential233、点蚀系数 pitting factor234、点蚀电位 pitting potential235、极化 polarization236、动电位potential dynamic（potentiokinetic）237、恒电位仪 potentiostat238、恒电位 potentisostic239、电位-pH图Pourbaix diagram，potential-pH diagram240、底涂层 prime coat241、保护电位 protective potential 242、氧化-还原电位 redox potential 243、还原 reduction244、参比电极 reference electrode245、相对湿度 relative humidity246、残余内应力 residua interal stress 247、铁锈 rust248、防锈油 rust preventive oil249、牺牲阳极保护sacrifice anode protection250、盐水喷雾试验 salt spray test251、喷砂 sand blasting252、饱和甘汞电极saturated calomel electrode（SCE）253、氧化皮 scale254、季裂 season cracking255、选择性腐蚀 selective corrosion 256、选择性氧化 selective oxidation 257、自钝化 self passivation258、敏化热处理sensitizing heat treatment259、喷丸 shot peening260、银-氯化银电极silver-sliver chloride electrode261、慢应变速率 slow strain rate262、土壤腐蚀 soil corrosion263、剥离 spalling264、不锈钢 stainless steel265、标准电极电位standard electrode potential266、标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode267、应变能 strain energy268、杂散电流腐蚀stray current corrosion269、应力场强度因子stress intensity factor270、应力腐蚀断裂stress corrosioncracking（SCC）271、硫化 sulfidation272、表面氧化 surface oxidation273、表面处理 surface treatment274、皮下腐蚀 subsurface corrosion 275、塔菲尔斜率 Tafel slope276、失泽 tarnish277、抗拉强度 tensile strength278、热偶腐蚀 thermogalvanic corrosion 279、热力学 thermodynamics280、结瘤腐蚀 tuberculation281、穿晶腐蚀 transgranular corrosion 282、穿晶应力腐蚀断裂transgranular stress corrosion cracking283、过钝化 transpassive284、膜下腐蚀 underfilm corrosion285、均匀腐蚀 umiform corrosion286、水线腐蚀 waterline corrosion287、焊接腐蚀 weld decay288、湿度 humidity289、工作电极 working electrode290、291、292、。