英语论文摘要应该如何写？How to Write Abstract？

如何写摘要英文作文英文：Writing an abstract can be a challenging task, as it requires summarizing the main points of a longer piece of writing in a concise and clear manner. To write aneffective abstract, it is important to first read theentire article and identify the key ideas and arguments. Then, the abstract should include a brief overview of the purpose and scope of the article, as well as the main findings or conclusions. It should also be written in a way that is engaging and informative for the reader.One useful tip for writing an abstract is to focus on the most important information and avoid including unnecessary details or jargon. Another tip is to use clear and concise language, avoiding complex sentence structures or technical terms that may be difficult for non-experts to understand.Overall, writing an abstract requires careful attention to detail and a clear understanding of the main ideas and arguments presented in the article. By following these tips and guidelines, it is possible to create an effective and informative abstract that will engage readers and provide a clear overview of the article's key points.中文：写摘要可能是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为它需要以简洁清晰的方式总结较长的文章的主要观点。

英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。

2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。

3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。

4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。

5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。

二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。

2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。

3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。

How to write an abstract如何写摘要Hey guys, welcome! In this article we are going to know how to write an abstract and complete a written text perfectly. Stay connected if you want to write the best abstract.If you need to know how to write an abstract for an academic or scientific paper, don’t panic! Your abstract is simply a short, stand-alone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview. You can get the ideas and gather information by experts to make it concise yet effective through assignment help. As far asthe other specifics are concerned, we will discuss them here.Before moving further let’s have an overview of this article to see what you are going to know:-What is an abstract?-How to write an abstract?-Why is it important to write an abstract?-How to write an abstract quickly?-The way to write an abstract for science?What is an abstract?Before moving to how to write an abstract, you should know the abstract meaning. An abstract describes what you do in your essay, whether it’s a scientific experiment or a literary analysis paper. It should help your reader understand the paper and help people searching for this paper decide whether it suits their purposes prior to reading.To write an abstract, finish your paper first, then type a summary that identifies the purpose, problem, methods, results, and conclusion of your work. After you get the details down, all that’s left is to format it correctly. Since an abstract is only a summary of the work you’ve already done, it’s e asy to accomplish!Majorly, there are three types of abstract:-Informative-Descriptive-CriticalHow to write an abstract?1. Write down the paper firstlyThe first thing to know how to write an abstract is : Even though an abstract goes at the beginning of the work, it acts as a summary of your entire paper. Rather than introducing your topic, it will be an overview of everything youwrite about in your paper. Save writing your abstract for last, after you have already finished your paper.-A thesis and an abstract are entirely different things. The thesis of a paper introduces the main idea or question, while the abstract works to review the entirety of the paper, including the methods and results.-Even if you think that you know what your paper is going to be about, always save the abstract for last. You will be able to give a much more accurate summary if you do just that –summarise what you’ve already written. Let’s move to the next step to know how to write an abstract.2. Review and understand any requirements for writing your abstractThe paper you’re writing probably has specific guidelines and requirements, whether it’s for publication in a journal, submission in a class, or part of a work project. Before you start writing, refer to the rubric or guidelines you were presented with to identify important issues to keep in mind. Answer the following questions before knowing how to write an abstract.-Is there a maximum or minimum length?-Are there style requirements?-re you writing for an instructor or a publication?3. Consider your targeted audienceAbstracts are written to help readers find your work. For example, in scientific journals, abstracts allow readers to quickly decide whether the research discussed is relevant to their own interests. Abstracts also help your readers get at your main argument quickly. Keep the needs of your readers in mind this is the best thing to know for how to write an abstract.-Will other academics in your field read this abstract?-Should it be accessible to a lay reader or somebody from another field?4. Determine the type of abstractBefore moving to the question how to write an abstract, focus on which type of abstract do you want to write. Although all abstracts accomplish essentially the same goal, there are two primary styles of abstract: descriptive and informative. You may have been assigned a specific style, but if you weren’t, you will have to determine which is right for you. Typically, informative abstracts are used for much longer and technical research while descriptive abstracts are best for shorter papers.Have a look at the types of abstracts againDescriptive abstracts explain the purpose, goal, and methods of your research but leave out theresults section. These are typically only 100-200 words.Informative abstracts are like a condensed version of your paper, giving an overview of everything in your research including the results. These are much longer than descriptive abstracts, and can be anywhere from a single paragraph to a whole page long.The basic information included in both styles of abstract is the same, with the main difference being that the results are only included in an informative abstract, and an informative abstract is much longer than a descriptive one.A critical abstract is not often used, but it may be required in some courses. A critical abstract accomplishes the same goals as the other typesof abstract, but will also relate the study or work being discussed to the writer’s own research. It may critique the research design or methods.5. Identify your motive of writing an abstractYou’re writing about a correlation between lack of lunches in schools and poor grades. So what? Why does this matter? The reader wants to know why your research is important, and what the purpose of it is. Start off your descriptive abstract by considering the following questions:How did you conduct your research?What did you find?Why is this research and your findings important?Why should someone read your entire essay? How to write an abstract6. Describe the problemAbstracts is something that expresses the “problem” behind your work. Think of this as the particular issue that your project addresses. You can sometimes combine the problem with your motivation, but it is best to be clear and separate the two.7. Describe your methodsMotivation – check. Problem – check. Methods? Now is the part where you give an overview of how you accomplished your study. If you didyour own work, include a description of it here. If you reviewed the work of others, it can be briefly explained.-Discuss your own research including the variables and your approach-Describe the evidence you have to support your claim-Give an overview of your most important sources.8. Describe your resultsThis is where you begin to make difference between your abstract between a descriptive and an informative abstract. You want to know how to write an abstract and this is somethingwhich should be in your priority list. In an informative abstract, you will be asked to provide the results of your study. What is it that you found?-What answer did you reach from your research or study?-Was your hypothesis or argument supported?-What are the general findings?9. Give the conclusion of abstractYou must finish up your summary and provide a closure to your abstract. In it, address the meaning of your findings as well as the importance of your overall paper. This format of having a conclusion can be used in bothdescriptive and informative abstracts, but you will only address some questions in an informative abstract.10. Keep the format rightIn the run to know how to write an abstract, format is a vital factor to consider. There are specific questions your abstract must provide answers for, but the answers must be kept in order as well. Ideally, it should be according to the overall format of your essay, with a general ‘introduction, ‘body,’ and ‘conclusion.’ Many journals have specific style guides for abstracts. If you’ve been given a set of rules or guidelines, follow them to the letter11. Provide helpful informationUnlike a topic paragraph, which may be intentionally vague, an abstract should provide a helpful explanation of your paper and your research. Word your abstract so that the reader knows exactly what you’re t alking about, and isn’t left hanging with ambiguous references or phrases.-Avoid using direct acronyms or abbreviations in the abstract, as these will need to be explained in order to make sense to the reader. That uses up precious writing room, and should generally be avoided.-If your topic is about something well-known enough, you can reference the names of people or places that your paper focuses on.-Don’t include tables, figures, sources, or long quotations in your abstract. These take up too much ro om and usually aren’t what your readers want from an abstract anyway. For making your abstract even better you gather relevant ideas, for doing so you can go to the expert writes through assignment help online12. Write it down from scratchA abstract is a summary of the main paper, yes, but it should be written completely separate from your paper. Don’t copy and paste direct quotes from yourself, and avoid simply paraphrasing your own sentences from elsewhere in your writing. Write your abstract using completely new vocabulary and phrases to keep itinteresting and redundancy-free. So, far we have gone through detailed information and steps to know how to write an abstract. But, what if someone is in a hurry and yet has to come up with a perfect abstract? Well, I have tips such people as well, continue to read and know how to write an abstract in lesser time.How to write an abstract quickly?Simply ace your abstract.An abstract is like a movie trailer. It offers a preview, highlights key points, and helps the audience decide whether to view the entire work. Abstracts are the pivot of a research paperbecause many journal editorial boards screen manuscripts only on the basis of the abstract.If your abstract doesn’t grab their attention and make a good fi rst impression, there’s a good chance your research paper will be rejected at the outset. Moreover, even after your research paper is published, your abstract will be the first, and possibly only, thing readers will access through electronic searches. They will only consider reading the rest of the manuscript if they find your abstract interesting.For studies in the humanities and social sciences, the abstract is typically descriptive. That is, it describes the topic of research and its findings but usuall y doesn’t give specific information about methods and results. These abstracts may also be seen in review articles orconference proceedings. In scientific writing, on the other hand, abstracts are usually structured to describe the background, methods, results, and conclusions, with or without subheadings.Make sure that your abstract does not constitutes the following-New information that is not present in the paper -Undefined abbreviations or group names-A discussion of previous literature or reference citations-Unnecessary details about the methods usedFollow these 10 steps to know how to write an abstract quicklyNow how do you go about fitting the essential points from your entire paper—why the research was conducted, what the aims were, how these were met, and what the main findings were—into a paragraph of just 200-300 words? It’s not an easy task, but here’s a 10-step guide that should make it easier:1. Begin writing the abstract after you have finished writing your paper.2. Pick out the major objectives/hypotheses and conclusions from your Introduction and Conclusion sections3. Select key sentences and phrases from your Methods section.4. Identify the major results from yourResults section.5. Now, arrange the sentences and phrases selected in all steps into a single paragraph in the following sequence: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.6. Confirm that there is consistency between the information presented in the abstract and in the paper.7. Ask a colleague to review your abstract and check if the purpose, aim, methods, and conclusions of the study are clearly stated.8. Check to see if the final abstract meets the guidelines of the target journal (word limit, type of abstract, recommended subheadings, etc.9. Remove all extra information and then link your sentences to ensure that the information flows well, preferably in the following order: purpose; basic study design, methodology and techniques used; major findings; summary of your interpretations, conclusions, and implications.10. Now revisit your abstract with these steps in mind, and I’m sure you’ll be able to revise it and make it more attractive.How to write an abstract for science?So, here is something for science buffs. We know that science students are less into writing and formatting. But, they are one of the students who are indulged in research papers to the most. So, here is a collection of vital information for all the students who are going to write down a scientific research paper. Want to know how to write an abstract for science? Continue to read..An abstract should be the shortest part of the abstract and should very briefly outline the following information:What is already known about the subject, related to the paper in questionWhat is not known about the subject and hence what the study intended to examine (or what the paper seeks to present)Things you should rememberIn most cases, the background can be framed in just 2–3 sentences, with each sentence describing a different aspect of the information referred to above; sometimes, even a single sentence may suffice. The purpose of the background, as the word itself indicates, is to provide the reader with a background to the study, and hence to smoothly lead into a description of the methods employed in the investigation.Usually authors publish papers the abstracts of which contain a lengthy background section.There are some situations, perhaps, where this may be justified. In most cases, however, a longer background section means that less space remains for the presentation of the results. This is unfortunate because the reader is interested in the paper because of its findings, and not because of its background.Why an abstract is needed?Most journals require authors to submit abstracts along with their articles, This requirement has two main needs-An abstract offers readers a helpful, succinct summary of the longer argument developed in the essay.-It identifies keywords that will make it easier for search engines to find the essay.Apart from these two main reasons it serves two other needs as well. They are:Showcases the perspectiveNotice that these rationales presuppose the publication of both abstract and essay and, in so doing, assume that the main audience for the abstract is prospective readers of the publishedessay. However, from the perspective of an author submitting work to a journal, there is another important audience to consider: the journal editor and the external reviewers to whom the editor send it.Keep the audience connectedThis audience looks at your abstract with their most pressing question in mind: is this article publishable in this journal? A good abstract tilts them toward an affirmative answer by leaving them well-disposed toward the longer argument in th e article. A bad abstract won’t by itself cause this audience to reject an article, but it does incline the audience toward an initial negative answer. In that way, an ineffectiveabstract becomes an obstacle that your article needs to overcome.ConclusionHope, you guys have understood each and every aspect of writing an abstract. In this article, we went into the detailed discussion to know how to write an abstract. We started with abstract meaning and then moved to the steps which essayed the right way to write down one. Next, we studied points on how to write an abstract quickly. So, that those who are in a hurry to prepare a written text can write aptly. Thereafter, we went to know how to write an abstract for science and ended up in knowing why an abstract is vital.。

摘要英文作文怎么写范文英文回答：## How to Write an Abstract for an English Essay。

An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the paper's main arguments, findings, and conclusions. Writing an effective abstract is essential for capturing the reader's attention and convincing them to read the full paper.Here are some guidelines for writing an abstract:1. Keep it brief. Abstracts are typically between 150-250 words.2. Start with a strong hook. The first sentence of your abstract should grab the reader's attention and make them want to read more.3. State your thesis statement. Your thesis statement is the main argument of your paper. It should be clear and concise.4. Summarize your main findings. Briefly describe the most important findings of your research.5. Conclude with a call to action. Encourage the reader to read the full paper for more details.中文回答：摘要英文作文的写作技巧。

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要和关键词Writing the Abstract and Keywords for Your Graduation Thesis in EnglishAbstract:The abstract of a graduation thesis is a concise summary of the study and its findings. Written in English, it plays a crucial role in helping readers understand the main points of your research. In this article, we will discuss how to write an effective abstract for your graduation thesis and provide tips for selecting appropriate keywords.I. Components of an AbstractAn abstract typically consists of the following components:1. Background: Provide a brief introduction to the research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance. Explain why the topic is worth investigating.2. Objectives: Clearly state the research objectives and the main research question you aimed to answer.3. Methods: Briefly describe the research methods used in your study. Include information about the data collection process, sample size, and any statistical techniques employed.4. Results: Present the key findings of your research. The abstract should highlight the most important outcomes and discoveries.5. Conclusion: Summarize the implications of your findings and their potential impact on the field of study. Avoid incorporating new information or vague statements.II. Writing Style and LengthWhen writing the abstract, it is essential to maintain a concise and clear writing style. Keep in mind the following guidelines:1. Use clear and simple language: Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse non-expert readers. Explain any specialized terminology used in your study.2. Be concise: The abstract should generally be between 150-250 words. Use short, informative sentences to convey your main points.3. Use the active voice: Writing in the active voice enhances clarity and readability. Focus on the actions performed and highlight the significance of your research.4. Do not reference figures or tables: The abstract should be self-contained and not refer to any external resources or visuals.III. Selecting KeywordsKeywords are essential in academic publishing, helping indexers and researchers locate your work. Here are some tips on selecting effective keywords:1. Be specific: Choose words that accurately represent the main aspects of your study. Avoid generic or overly broad terms.2. Use synonyms and related terms: Including synonyms or related terms expands the discoverability of your work. It increases the likelihood that your article will appear in a wider range of searches.3. Consider the research field: Identify keywords commonly used in your field of study. This helps ensure your work aligns with similar publications and reaches the intended audience.4. Balance simplicity and complexity: Keywords should strike a balance between being understandable to non-experts and reflecting the disciplinary depth of your research.In conclusion, an effective abstract is a condensed representation of your graduation thesis. It should provide readers with a clear overview of your research topic, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Additionally, carefully selecting appropriate keywords enhances the visibility and accessibility of your work within academic databases. By following these guidelines, you can craft a compelling abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research.。

摘要怎么写（Abstract how to write）摘要怎么写(Abstract how to write)Abstract how to writeAbstract: the substantive content concise, specific to reflect the content of the show, enough information, innovation of the important details show the general object, by specific research methods, results and conclusion four elements.The object is the research and development of related and investigation of the specific range of topics, the main research contents, the problems to be solved, the problem is proposed, and the establishment of the target location on the direction of the.The method is used to study the process of the research object inthe theory, principle, condition, material, technology, structure, methods, procedures, is a necessary means to complete the research object.The author is using the research method of experiment, the resultsof the research object, effect, data, identified the relationship, is the result of scientific research.Conclusion: the results of research, analysis, comparison, evaluation, application and put forward the problems, is a summary of the results, the results show the reliability, practicality, innovation, value and academic level of the study, the search window is determined by the.Chinese abstract writing requirements:1. the theme concept does not omit the principle of Chinese abstract words in 200-300 words, English to 100-150wordsAt the beginning of 2. important facts, the paper highlights the new information, which is a new topic, new methods and conclusions and results of innovation etc.The 3. must be complete, clear, concise and to the point, stronger logic, structural integrity, delete the background and research information in the past, the author should not contain plans for the future, to prevent modification and useless narrative literature The 4. involved in the work of others or research results, try tolist their names5. do not begin with a number of English must correspondAbstract ChineseThis is a comprehensive summary of the contents of the brief, allowing readers to quickly dominate the content. With the same title, but also a variety of common object retrieval Abstract database.This is the most important part of the whole thesis. The author, once published in journals, abstracts will be as part of a collection of abstract print or electronic version, began its active and long career "". As readers, first contact with a psychology paper are mostly from the beginning of the reading. The majority of the required system literature search throughcomputer retrieval, only the part of the display on a computer screen. Read in the academic journals, the most is the first reading of the paper, and then the basis to decide whether to read the whole paper. Therefore, the information should have not only high concentration, but also the readability, but also the whole structure, short and independent articles. A good abstract should have the following characteristics:Accuracy.Abstract should accurately reflect the purpose and content of the paper should not be included in the content. If the study is mainly based on a previous study on the extension of the previous studies, then it should be noted in previous studies of the author's name and year in the abstract. The level of the title and abstract comparison is an effective method to verify the accuracy of the.Independence. The abstract should be self-contained, independent articles, so the special terms, all abbreviations (units excepted), ellipsis explanation, spelling out the name of the drug (drug use and common name). There is no appropriate Chinese new terms or terms, available original or translated after the parentheses indicate the original. In reference to other publications including the author's name and date of publication (in the reference table to fully explain the source of literature).Concise and specific.Every sentence in the abstract to maximize the information asmuch as possible and concise. The length is generally not more than 300 words. The start to put the most important information (but not duplication).It can be objective or topic, also can be the result or conclusion. The most simply consists of 4 or 5 of the most important points, results or meaning.The method can save space:(1) do not take this subject in the field of knowledge content into abstract, but also not too deep, so that the general reader to understand; avoid the should appear in the preface written in;(2) general nor simple duplication of existing information. For example, an article title is "characteristics and development" to solve the problem of infant behavior, the start stop writing "characteristics and development of infant problem solving behavior was studied."(3) in addition to really inflexible, generally do not have the mathematical formula, does not appear as illustrations and tables.(4) no citation, unless the documents confirm or deny others have been published.(5) in the third person. Recommended for...... The research "and" report...... The current situation, the...... Investigation and record way, without the use of "article","author" as the subject.。

论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景，描述前者研究存在哪些问题，为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。

2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法，需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限，所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可，不要花太多篇幅介绍。

3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果，如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。

4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。

Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。

其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文，也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。

所以，摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。

说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后，那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。

对于留学新生们来说特别适用，当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法，但是在不会写之前，可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。

论文季Howtowriteanabstract如何写英文摘要Write an Abstract如何写英文摘要春暖花开，又到了写论文的季节。

没有时间踏青？还在为论文苦恼？本期我们就一起来学习一下如何写英文摘要吧！在这个春天，我们一起做灿烂的学术宅什么是摘要 What is an abstract?An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or entire thesis.摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

为什么要写摘要 Why write an abstract?Selection: Abstracts allow readers who may beinterested in the paper to quickly decide whether it is relevant to their purposes and whether they need to read the whole paper.Indexing: Most academic journal databases accessed through the library enable you to search abstracts. This allows for quick retrieval by users. Abstracts must incorporate the key terms that a potential researcher would use to search.允许读者进行快速筛选，检索，通过题目，关键词等方法判断他们是否需要阅读整篇文章。

What to include in an abstract1Reasons for WritingThe importance of the research and why would readers be interested in this large work?首先，摘要中应该包含本篇论文的重要性，言简意赅阐述清楚写作目的。

如何写英语论文摘要
在撰写一个英语论文的摘要时，有几个关键要点需要考虑，以确保摘要的质量和信息量。

以下是撰写英语论文摘要的六个步骤。

1.确定摘要的类型：
-描述性摘要：简要概述论文的主要内容和结论。

-说明性摘要：除了提供主要内容和结论外，还解释研究的意义和方法。

-评论性摘要：除了提供主要内容和结论外，还对论文进行评估和批判。

2.单独撰写摘要：
摘要应该是一个独立的部分，不应与论文的其他部分混淆。

即使读者只阅读摘要，也应该能够理解论文的主要内容和结论。

3.按照一定的结构撰写：
摘要应该包括以下几个部分：
-引言：介绍研究的背景和目的。

-方法：简要描述研究所用的方法和研究对象。

-结果：总结研究的主要结果。

-讨论：讨论研究结果的意义和可能的局限性。

-结论：阐述研究的主要结论。

4.保持简洁：
摘要应该尽量精炼、简明扼要地表达论文的主要内容。

避免冗长的插入语和过多的细节。

5.不要引用：
6.仔细校对：
在撰写完摘要后，仔细校对并检查语法、拼写和语句结构。

确保摘要的清晰、准确和流畅。

总之，在撰写英语论文摘要时，应该多花时间思考和规划摘要的结构和内容。

通过提供简明的综述和清晰的结论，摘要应该能够吸引读者并引起他们对论文的兴趣。

Writing PracticeHow to Write an Abstract怎样写一份好的摘要1.What is an abstract?An abstract is a summary of points of a writing presented in skeletal form, which highlights the important information covered in an article or a paper. It helps the reader to find out quickly whether the writing is of their interest or not, and whether they need to read the whole paper or not. Moreover, national or international conference organizers decide whether a participant is eligible or not usually by reviewing the abstract submitted. Therefore, writing a good abstract is of great importance for scholars and researchers.1.什么是摘要？摘要是以梗概形式呈现的一篇文章要点的总结，它强调了一篇文章所包含的重要的信息。

它也可以帮助读者快速的了解到是否这篇文章是他们感兴趣的，是否他们需要来阅读整篇文章。

而且，国家或国际出版社的编辑通常通过浏览投稿文章的摘要来决定是否投稿人的文章是可以被录用的。

因此，对于学者和研究人员来说，写一份好的摘要至关重要。

2.Criteria of a good abstract.In terms of content, a good abstract states clearly the purpose of the writing, the method used, the findings, the originality, or the implication etc. EI, for example, requires a good abstract in English should answer the following questions:1)What do you want to do?2)How did you do it?3)What results did you get and what conclusion did you draw?4)What is original in your paper?To meet the requirements, a good abstract should be accurate, concise, specific, self-contained, and coherent.*Being accurate means that an abstract presents the information that actually occurs in the paper, and avoids vagueness in definition, word choice and elsewhere.*Being concise means that an abstract includes only the most important ideals, findings, or implications, etc, and avoids wordy expressions. There is a word limit for abstract of journals or periodicals, usually within 250 words. The length varies. One should comply with the specific requirements of the journal that he/she is going to publish his/her paper. However, an abstract should not be over-simplified; otherwise the readers cannot get sufficient information about the paper.*Being specific means that an abstract should be concrete, and to the point rather than general and indirect so as to reduce vagueness and misunderstanding.*Being self-contained means an abstract is complete in itself. It covers the important points in the paper, with formalized structure showing the topic, the supporting evidence, and the conclusion.*Being coherent means that an abstract is logical and make sense. A good abstract uses tense correctly, and avoids too many changes between active voice and passive voice.2.一份好摘要的必备要素关于内容，一份好的摘要会清楚明确的叙述写作的目的，使用的方法，最新的发现，文章的原创性，或相关的应用等。

毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词撰写技巧AbstractWriting an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis is crucial for academic research. The abstract serves as a concise summary of the thesis, highlighting the key points and providing a clear overview of the study. This article aims to provide tips and techniques for writing an excellent abstract, including the format, content, and style.Keywords: graduation thesis, abstract, technique, writing, EnglishIntroductionThe abstract is an important component of any graduation thesis, as it is often the first section readers encounter. It is crucial to craft a well-written abstract to grab the attention of potential readers and provide them with a comprehensive understanding of the research. This section will discuss the techniques and guidelines for writing an effective English abstract.1. Understand the PurposeThe purpose of an abstract is to give readers an overview of the research conducted in the graduation thesis. It should provide a clear description of the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusion of the study. The abstract should be concise and informative, allowing readers to quickly grasp the essence of the thesis.2. Follow the FormatTypically, an abstract should be no more than 250-300 words in length. It should begin with a brief and engaging introduction, followed by astatement of the research objectives. The methodology and key findings should be presented in a clear and organized manner. Finally, the abstract should conclude with a summary of the main conclusions and implications of the research.3. Write in a Clear and Concise MannerWhen writing the abstract, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers. Use simple and precise sentences to convey the main points of the thesis. Additionally, ensure that the abstract flows smoothly and logically, making it easy for readers to understand the research.4. Emphasize Key Findings and ContributionsThe abstract should highlight the most significant findings and contributions of the graduation thesis. It should clearly state the research outcomes and how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge. The abstract should also mention any unique or innovative aspects of the research, showcasing its originality and relevance.5. Be Accurate and CohesiveAccuracy is vital when writing an abstract. Ensure that the information presented is consistent with the actual content of the thesis. Avoid making vague or exaggerated claims that cannot be supported by the research. Additionally, the abstract should flow smoothly, with each sentence and paragraph logically connected to the next.ConclusionWriting an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful attention to detail and adherence to specific guidelines. The abstract should provide a concise and coherent summary of the research, including its objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. By following the techniques and tips outlined in this article, researchers can produce a high-quality abstract that effectively communicates the essence of their thesis to readers.Keywords: graduation thesis, abstract, technique, writing, English。

毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要怎么写?有什么技巧吗?看看下面吧毕业论文英文摘要[1]ABSTRACTWeibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo' platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the indispensablemarketing channels of many companies.However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and marketingeffectiveness is difficult to scientific assessment.Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind, and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage.How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern.However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.This paper takes the hotel's Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers fromdifferent hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing.Then, this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels' Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users' perspective, analyzes the Weibo users' behavior guided byAISAS mode , tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and SPSS19.0.On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system , this system takes the hotels' Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influence effect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence , interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel.Through the observationand data collection of the hotels' Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:1.Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement;2.Those hotels are not ideal about the number oftransmission, commentand praise by Weibo users.Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial, andfew interactive activities are organized.So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem;3.The actualtrading volume is not optimistic.Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheir marketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures: 1.Accurate positioning, step by step;2.Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information; 3.Showpersonalized content;4.Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together;5.Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.KEYWORDS: Weibo marketing; Influencing factors; Effect evaluation;Indicator system毕业论文英文摘要[2]AbstractAs the information technology develops and the social network platform prospers,moreand more information are spreading and shared through the Internet.According to the uniqueadvantage that social network platform owns, many marketers also see the businessandpotential market there.They are also considering spreading the marketing information throughthis platform in a more efficient way.The research aims at find out those factors that influence people's online sharing behaviorabout marketing Information on social network sites.In the literature review, there are studiesanalyzing people's online shopping behavior, or online knowledge sharing behavior.But thereare few analyzing online marketing information sharing behavior.This study uses theoriesfrom sociology, ethology, economics and psychology to study the influential factors of onlinesharing behavior.It's based on the three main variances: Expected Reward from sociology andethology, Cost from economics, and Trust from the psychology but always mentioned underthe internet condition.These three variances were divided into more dimensions and differentcharacters of the marketing information were matched to them.We used factor analysis andregression analysis to find out which factors have more influence.The data was collectedthrough Sina Weibo platform and sample was based on marketing information of rewardingrepost.It turns out that Trust has the most obvious influence on the online sharing behavior,including dimensions of trust in information source, trust in information content andinstitutional mechanisms (Seal Programs)。

[文章编号]　1005-6661(2002)01-0073-03・学术讲座・怎样写好英文摘要HOW TO WRITE AN ENGLISH ABSTRAC T黄一心[中图分类号]　H315.9 [文献标识码]　C 随着我国的改革开放和科学技术的迅速发展,与世界各国的学术交往日趋频繁,目前,我国大多数科学期刊的论著都要求有英文摘要。

但有一些科技工作者不常用英文撰写摘要,因此在准确表达内容上,语法修辞上,有相当一部分稿件存在问题。

下面就我在编辑加工过程中的体会,谈谈一些粗浅的看法。

1　汉译英的原则英文摘要是在中文摘要的基础上翻译的,所以只要准确、简洁地将中文意译即可。

翻译的原则是“信、达、雅”(严复)[1]。

“信”即忠实于原文,“达”即表达清楚,能让外国读者看得懂,“雅”即文笔优雅,那就达到较高的水平了。

英文摘要的语言必须符合英文的语法规定,并应尽量适应外国人的习惯用法。

例如在一句话的首词为百分比或数字(年份除外),如80%,30例病人,英文摘要中应译为Eighty percent,T hirt y patients,而不能译为阿拉伯数字80%和30 patients。

当然,如果不是首词,则可用阿拉伯数字。

英文摘要采用的专业词汇应是常用的、公认的。

单词拼写应做到准确无误。

目前已有计算机软件,如Wo rd可以检查拼写和基本语法错误,应尽量应用。

行文中应尽量使用短句,因为长句容易造成语义不清,当然也要避免单调和重复。

此外,英文摘要应该用学术书面用语(aca demic lang uag e),避免应用口语中使用的缩略语、俚语等。

2　英文题名英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。

例如:Studies on the continuous culture and the g ro wt h of En-tamoeba ging iv alis.(齿龈内阿米巴的连续培养及其生长情况)[2]。

How to Write an Abstract(Draft 10/20/97)Phil Koopman, Carnegie Mellon UniversityIntroductionNow that the use of on-line publication databases is prevalent, writing a really good abstract has become even more important than it was a decade ago. Abstracts have always served the function of "selling" your work. But now, instead of merely convincing the reader to keep reading the rest of the attached paper, an abstract must convince the reader to leave the comfort of an office and go hunt down a copy of the article from a library (or worse, obtain one after a long wait through inter-library loan). In a business context, an "executive summary" is often the only piece of a report read by the people who matter; and it should be similar in content if not tone to a journal paper abstract. 现在，上线发布数据库的使用是普遍的，写一个很好的抽象变得更加重要比十年前。

怎么写英语作文摘要带翻译标题，How to Write an English Essay Abstract with Translation。

Abstract: 。

Writing an effective English essay abstract requires a clear understanding of the essay's content and main points. Start by summarizing the key arguments and findings in a concise and coherent manner. Use clear and precise language, avoiding unnecessary details. Ensure that the abstract reflects the structure and focus of the essay accurately. Finally, provide a translated version of the abstract inthe desired language to make the essay accessible to awider audience.Introduction:Writing an English essay abstract is an essential skill for students and scholars alike. Whether you're summarizingyour own work or providing an overview of someone else's essay, a well-written abstract can help readers understand the main points of the essay quickly. In this essay, wewill discuss the key steps to writing an effective English essay abstract and provide examples to illustrate each point.Key Steps to Writing an English Essay Abstract:1. Understand the Essay Content:Before you can write an abstract, it's crucial to fully understand the content of the essay. This involves reading the essay carefully and identifying the main arguments, key findings, and supporting evidence. Take note of the essay's structure and the flow of ideas to ensure that your abstract accurately reflects the content.明白文章内容，在撰写摘要之前，充分理解文章的内容至关重要。

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an English abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of academic research. It serves as a concise summary of the entire thesis, highlighting the main objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion of the study. The abstract is usually written in a specific format and should be well-structured and coherent. This article provides a guide on how to write an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis, including the necessary components and writing techniques.1. IntroductionThe introduction section of the English abstract should provide a brief background of the research topic and state the research objectives. It should explain the significance of the study and outline the research questions or hypotheses that guided the research.2. MethodologyIn this section of the abstract, the research methodology used in the thesis should be described briefly. This may include the research design, data collection methods, sample size, and data analysis techniques. The aim of this section is to give readers an understanding of the methods employed in the research.3. FindingsThe findings section of the abstract should present the main results and outcomes of the research. It should highlight the key findings or discoveriesthat were made during the study. This section should be concise yet informative, providing a clear understanding of the outcomes of the research.4. ConclusionIn the conclusion section of the abstract, the main conclusion or implications of the research should be summarized. This section should demonstrate how the research findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the field and discuss any practical implications or recommendations that may arise from the study.5. KeywordsKeywords are an essential component of an abstract as they help readers identify the main themes or topics of the research. It is advisable to include 3-5 keywords that are relevant to the research topic. These keywords should be carefully selected to ensure they accurately reflect the content of the thesis.6. Writing TechniquesTo write an effective English abstract, it is important to follow certain writing techniques. Firstly, the abstract should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or technical terms. The use of active voice and present tense is recommended. Secondly, the abstract should be well-structured, with each section flowing smoothly into the next. It should be written in a logical order, following the sequence of the main sections of the thesis. Lastly, proofreading and editing are crucial to eliminate any grammatical or spelling errors, ensuring the abstract is of high quality.In conclusion, writing an English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the guidelines provided in this article, researchers can effectively summarize their research in a concise and informative manner. The abstract serves as a key component of the thesis, providing readers with an overview of the research objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion. A well-written abstract enhances the overall quality and impact of the graduation thesis.。