By Xu FeibiaoChina Economic Outlook 2023: A Global PropellerChina’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties.In December 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) successively held two top-level meetings to review economic work in 2022, analyze the economic situation, and make arrangements for 2023. The two meetings delivered hope through clear and vigorous policy deployment which greatly boosted confidence in the Chinese market. With the world now engulfed in a pessimistic atmosphere due to crumbling economic growth, China’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties. RISING RISKS OF GLOBAL RECESSIONIn 2022, multiple adverse factors including geopolitical conflicts, worsening inflation, monetary tightening, and COVID-19 resurgences continued brutalizing the world economy. Experiencing steep ups and downs, the global economy recorded a 3-percent growth rate during the year, much lower than the previous year’s 6 percent. In 2023, the factorshindering global economic recovery remain, so as new challenges emerge, the world economy will likely stay sluggish. In terms of inflation, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global inflation level will decrease from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.5 percent in 2023, still far higher than the pre-pandemic period, which will further erode the purchasing power of consumers and impact the balance of payments of countries around the world. In terms of currency, although major economies including the United States and European countries raised interest rates dramatically in 2022, nagging inflation remained, forcing central banks to continue raising interest rates and tightening liquidity. As for the geopolitical situation,10SPOTLIGHTThe author is a research fellow with the China Institutes of ContemporaryInternational Relations and director of the Center for BRICS and G20 Studies.inflation, low fiscal deficit, and low government debt make its macroeconomic environment more favorable than that of the U.S. and Europe, allowing China to adopt a wider variety of economic stimulus policies without worrying aboutinflation. China’s advantages in economic scale, human capital, and new industrial strengths in fields like the digital economy, new infrastructure, new energy, and artificial intelligence compose a solid foundation for the transformation of economic momentum.More importantly, China’s political and economic systems have endowed the Chinese government with strong mobilization and policy-making room, which can help the country pool resources, make concerted efforts to cope with difficulties, and promote steady economic development. In December 2022, the Central Economic Work Conference solidified policy arrangements for China’s economic work in 2023, including actively expanding domestic demand, strengthening construction of the modern industrial system, enhancing the role of private enterprises, planning a new round of reform, promoting high-level opening up, preventing and defusing economic and financial risks, and boosting public confidence. Withconsideration of domestic and international situations, these policies cover both short- and long-term issues and balance development and security to create strong drivers for China’s economic growth. Indeed, China’s economy is still facing many challenges. First, the uncertainty of the pandemic remains. Adjustments of pandemic prevention policies could exert pressure on the public health system and cause people to travel less, which might minimize the effects of reopening. Furthermore, various new coronavirusvariants from around the world could enter China, triggering a new infection wave andaffecting the recovery of the economy. Second, market confidence is still not stable enough. Confidence is key to economic rebound, but since 2020, the Chinese economy has performed worse than expected for consecutive years. The unemployment rate among young people is increasing, small andmedium-sized enterprises stillgrapple with difficulties, and household disposable income is lower than expected, resulting in insufficient confidence among consumers andinvestors and inefficient policy transmission that hinders the effectiveness of various policies. Third, reviving the real estate industry has been difficult. For many years, real estate contributed more than one-fourth of China’s economic drive, but the peak has passed, heralding a new period of placid growth, hurting its driving effect on economic growth. And the decline of external demand and the accelerated aging of the population have become new constraints hindering China’s economic growth.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy by driving the growth ofcountries in its neighborhood, Africa, and Latin America. Recently, international banks including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley raised the forecast for China’s economic growth in 2023 from around 4.5 percent to more than 5.2 percent, which demonstrates the international community’s growing confidence in the Chinese economy.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy.CHINA-INDIA DIALOGUE13。
Sentence 1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an ancient country, has had a important position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the achievements of technology and civilization with people from all around the world, but also promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments, integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide, then to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. So that Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in industrialization and people’s life will be promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to show high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.Sentence 2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10 磅。
"Global warming is not a political issue.This is a moral issue,one that affects the survival of human civilization.It is not a question of left versus right;it is a question of right versus wrong.Put simply, it is wrong to destroy the habitability of our planet and ruin the prospects of every generation that follows ours."What we have done to our gorgeous but vulnerable Mother Earth is something never happened in the past generations.Our recklessness will eventually lead us to our damned hell,if we do not start to act just right now.Our remorselessness and relentless actions were in many ways proved disastrous in the past.It is modern fascism which should be got rid of completely on our Earth.In this documentary film,Gore,the former US vice-president,facing pressures from skeptics and opponents,showed us what was true of our situation now and what we should do to save our generation and following generations based on the statistics he had accumulated in the past few years of traveling all around the world,footprints covering Antarctic,Atlantic,Pacific,Asia,Europe,North America,Latin America,Africa and Australia.He did this just to correct the rid iculous theory some conservatists adopted to fight against him.Transcontinental research finally won support all over the world,just as Richel Carson had done decades ago with her book"The Silent Spring",stimulated by a letter from one of her readers,reflecting that there were no birds singing around his community suddenly.Statistically,Gore cited some diagrams he and his panel of scientists made as his supportive evidence to concentrate on his saying that global warming is definitely a moral issue,strongly challenging the governing of the leaders'who were more attracted by economic profit rather than Earth's benefit. They said shut plants would cause a massive unemployment,then social chaos,and at last wars.More rid iculously,they even"d ubbed"Gore's report for environmentally friend ly policies as"gonz o journalism".But they didn't even implement an opinion poll to check what the public were thinking, because they knew they were no right.The governments'opinions were just a wishful thinking,which could not take the future generations'accountability."They go on in a strange paradox,decided only to be undecided,resolved to be irresolute,adamant for drift,solid for fluid ity,all powerful to be impotent."Gore once recommended the US government join the Earth Summit,but was rejected. What a farce!What a fiasco!But who were to bear that unbearable absurdity?In"Moving Beyond Kyoto",Gore wrote:"We—the human species—has arrived at a moment of decision.It is unprecedented and even laughable for us to imagine that we could actually make a conscious choice as a species,but that is nevertheless the challenge that is before us.Our home—Earth—is in danger.What is at risk of being destroyed is not the planet itself,but the conditions that have made it hospitable for human beings."This has aroused a z eitgeist,one that calls for environmentalists in the world to act and act efficiently,in our generation.Its immortality is clear. This question even surpasses every possible field in one certain scientific field.To solve this problem, we need to fight in strengthened and steady solidarity.Furthermore,what we need more than union is moral courage.We should dismantle all damaging factories,which needs moral courage;we should enact environmental-friend ly policies,which needs moral courage.。
