2019年catti笔译二级试题：宜家

2019年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conficted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C] Otherwise [D] However2. [A] helps [B] cares [C] warns [D] reduces3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction7. [A] due to [B] regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate9. [A] claims [B] judgments [C] reasons [D] methods10. [A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed11. [A] report [B] track [C] overlook [D] conceal12. [A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for13. [A] prepare [B] share [C] adjust [D] confirm14. [A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests15. [A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick16. [A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign17. [A] request [B] necessity [C] decision [D] wish18. [A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming19. [A] because [B] unless [C] until [D] if20. [A] obsessing [B] dominating [C] puzzling [D] triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinki ng about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. foster a child’s moral developm entD. intensify a child’s positive feelings22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.A. emotions are context-independentB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. WrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focusedon wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ,”the author implies that_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks," we may need to__________.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. CautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share ofmilking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day — encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a callfor governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority – or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,”,the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA. can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home --- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif .“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decisionshould likely not be made contin gent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace theSection III Translation46、Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising. re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47、Directions：Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professorSmith, write him an email to Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debateon the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons,2) and tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead (10points)Part B48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)【参考答案】【1-5】DABBD 【6-10】BADCA 【11-15】BDCAC 【16-20】DCAAA【21-25】CBDBD 【26-30】DDBAC 【31-35】CDBAB 【36-40】BBDDC【41-45】ADCGF【参考译文】我们很容易低估英国作家古米·哈利。

2019年6⽉Catti英语⼆级笔译真题与精编翻译答案2019年6⽉Catti英语⼆级笔译真题与精校翻译答案⼀、英译汉⾸篇⽂章In 2009, Time magazine hailed an online math program piloted at three New York City public schools, as one of the year’s 50 best innovations. Each day, the software generated individualized math “playlists” for students who then chose the “modality”in which they wished to learn —software, a virtual teacher or a flesh-and-blood one. A different algorithm sorted teachers’specialties and schedules to match a student’s needs. “It generates the lessons, the tests a nd it grades the tests,” one veteran instructor marveled.2009年，美国《时代》周刊对三所位于纽约市的公⽴学校所试⾏的⼀项在线数学课程盛赞不已，并将其称为是该年度的50⼤最佳创新成果之⼀。

该数学课程软件每天都会为学⽣量⾝定制个性化的数学课“播放列表”，⽽后，学⽣便可根据⾃⾝想要学习的内容选择适合的“模式”。

该软件因此也就成为了⼀名虚拟的⽼师，但却⼜展现出有⾎有⾁的真情实感。

借助⼀种不同寻常的算法，该课程软件可对所有⽼师的专业课程与排课⽇程进⾏分门别类，以迎合每位学⽣的个体需求。

⼀名资深的⽼师曾为此惊叹不已并称道：“该软件不但能为学⽣⽣成课程，还能出具测验内容，更可对测验结果进⾏打分”。

2019年catti笔译二级试题：宜家英格瓦·坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。

这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济舱旅行，开着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车，总是下午去买水果和蔬菜，因为这时价格往往便宜些。

如果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时，他的回答是：我偶尔喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条围巾，吃点瑞典鱼子酱。

坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲最杰出企业家之一。

宜家创建于1943，当时仅仅从事邮购业务，现如今已经发展成为在世界31个国家经营，员工总数超过7万的国际化零售业巨头。

宜家的销售额逐年上涨。

宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品，每年达到不可思议的 1.1亿册。

坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。

根据美国《福布斯》杂志，他的身价达到134亿美元(87亿英镑)，位列世界第17位。

宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功，首先是因为它那简单得令人难以置信的经营理念：向老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。

其次就是坎普拉德本人，有魅力、谦逊、随和。

他的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。

坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名遐迩。

他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。

前不久，他决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务，原因是在现居地瑞士他找到一位理发师，每次只收14瑞士法郎(6英镑)。

这数字合理，他笑着说。

宜家所有的高管都十分了解成本意识的重要性。

公司不鼓励他们乘坐头等舱或商务舱旅行。

的领导方式是以身作则，坎普拉德先生说过，让我坐头等舱，而让我的同事们坐旅游舱，是我绝对不能接受的。

他巡视宜家集团的店铺时，他总是要和员工们握手或拥抱，以此向员工传递一种伙伴的感觉，这种做法在瑞典绝不多见。

叫我英格瓦，他对员工说。

他不喜欢打领带，而是喜欢敞开衬衫的领口，这样的衣着方式也突显了他的不拘礼节和没有等级观点。

在个人生活方面和事业方面坎普拉德先生都经历过艰苦的奋斗过程。

他一直与读写困难症和其他疾病抗争。

他性格中很突出的一点就是对细节的偏执性注重。

Where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In modern world, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today (原文这里为被动): increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.Second, we also need increased financial inclusion. Challenges come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.There is no quick fix, but we know that Fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. The IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda last October. The agenda lays out key principles-from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity-that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one.The “tabletop exercise”will allow the space agency and the other government organisations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response, ahead of the possibility of a real example.The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster, in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth. The scenario has been developed by one of the NASA organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects, or NEOs.It will bring together not just NASA but other international organisations to test out their response. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.“These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Offic er. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”NASA and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs, looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earth's orbit. Groups such as NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) as well as the European Space Agency's Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead, it will be used to test out how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact.Those taking part will discuss possible preparations: how they would explore the asteroid, work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects.NASA has already participated in such exercises, working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies, including the departments of Defense and State.Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead, they just want to know when, where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth, as well as what sort of damage is done, according to FEMA.NASA continues to work on that science, however, in an attempt to better improve humanity's ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.“NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners,”said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each other'sneeds and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”汉译英第一篇新中国成立70年来，中国的人权事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。

下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题Part Ⅰ TranslationDirections:For this part,you are allowed to translate a passage from English into Chinese .You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.”The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence onparents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment”object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects.”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like to be near their phones: A 2013 survey cited by the Hungarian team. Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.Passage 2Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat gaginst environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue thatit's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in it's own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countriesoften use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.Part ⅡTranslationDirections:For this part,you are allowed to translate a passage from Chinese into English.人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成部分。

2019年CATTI二级笔译综合能力完型填空真题和答案Bargain shoppers need to remember that buying a high-end luxury item on a little-known website is just as risky aspurchasing one on a street corner. The Internet is full of bogus deal sites that sell only counterfeit items.“Any time you have an increase in shopping activity, you are going to have an increase in the predators who preyonshoppers,”If you’re looking for a Rolex watch, Louis Vuitton wallet or a pair of Louboutins, you’re best off patronizing the brand’s store, which often means paying full price for the item.It’s not only counterfeit goods that you need to be on the lookout for when buying gifts. According to the U.S. SecretService, counterfeit money increasesin circulation during the holiday season as “c ounterfeiters prey on both cashiers distracted by long lines, andconsumers juggling purchases and shopping lists.” ‘Tis the season for giving, which means it’s also the perfect time for phony nonprofits to coerce consumers out of their hard-earned cash. To avoid falling prey to their tricks, visit the Wise Giving Alliance website before opening up your wallet this holiday season. The websitelists all the nationally recognizedcharities, while evaluating charitiesfor consumers so they can avoid making any dubious donations.It’s not just your inbox that scammers are flooding, either. A warning issued by the FBI this November reminded consumers to be on the lookout for smishing scams.Beware anydealsadvertised via social media outlets, as scammers are just as savvy at imitating a retailers’ fan page asthey are at mimicking websites. McAfee Labs which specializesin virus protection,cites a NovemberFacebook scam that offered a “free $1,000 Best Buy gift card” to the first 20,000 people who signe d up ona bogus Best Buy fan page. The scam urged consumers to provide personal information as they took a series of quizzes. Malware tweets and posts are even more prevalent than fan page ruses. You might remember this scam, which used the lure of a free iPad to get users to sign up for a premium cell phone service that cost $10 a week via both Facebook andTwitter.2019年5月CATTI二级笔译翻译实务英译中Passage 1Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms domerely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield — nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.导致农场破产的原因有很多种，但是少数农场的破产仅仅是由于土地退化的原因所造成的，这算是农业上的奇迹。

精选全文完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt morethan it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That wasbad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, butthinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. Thatconflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of thehard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a monthto notice significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program.The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less importantfor me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 mytraining program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experiencedaccording to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A]2. [A]3. [A]4. [A] Besideshelpsinitiallyrecording[B][B][B][B] Therefore caressolely lowering[C][C][C][C] Otherwisewarns occasionallyexplaining [D][D][D][D] However reducesformally accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction[C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B] regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B] judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed 11. [A] track [B] overlook[C] conceal [D] report 12. [A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for 13. [A] share [B] adjust [C] confirm [D] prepare 14. [A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests 15. [A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign 17. [A] request[B] necessity[C] decision[D] wish18.[A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming19. [A] if [B] unless [C] until [D] because20. [A] obsessing [B] dominating [C] puzzling [D] triumphingPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”;rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends – and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable –it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary – feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news, ” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .[A]regulate a child’s basic emotions[B]improve a child’s intellectual ability[C]foster a child’s moral development[D]intensify a child’s positive feelings22.According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be .[A]deceptive[B]burdensome[C]addictive[D]inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .[A]emotions are context-independent[B]emotions are socially constructive[C]emotional stability can benefit health24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .[A]may help correct emotional deficiencies[B]can result from either sympathy or guilt[C]can bring about emotional satisfaction[D]may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to .[A]teachings[B]discussions[C]restrictions[D]wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap – but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from theless easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 – financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’ s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26.By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that .[A]global climate change may get out of control[B]people may misunderstand global warming[C]extreme weather conditions may arise[D]forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to .[A]preserve the diversity of species in them[B]accelerate the growth of young trees[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to .[A]cultivate more drought-resistant trees[B]reduce the density of some of its forests[C]find more effective ways to kill insects[D]restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?[A]To handle the areas in serious danger first.[B]To carry it out before the year of 2020.[C]To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.[D]To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as .[A]ambiguous[B]tolerant[C]supportive[D]cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’ s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either – not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled. The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigrationraids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?[B]Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.[C]Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.[D]Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .[A]the rising number of illegal immigrants[B]the high mobility of crop workers[C]the lack of experienced laborers[D]the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?[A]To attract younger laborers to farm work.[B]To get native U.S. workers back to farming.[C]To use more robots to grow high-value crops.[D]To strengthen financial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .[A]slow granting procedures[B]limit on duration of stay[C]tightened requirements[D]control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?[B]Import Food or Labor?[C]America Saved by Mexico?[D]Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’ s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celeb rities starring in a new video for World Environment Day – encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions – a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers”we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority –or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video to .[A]demand new laws on the use of plastics[B]urge consumers to cut the use of plastics[C]invite public opinion on the plastics crisis[D]disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may .[A]mislead us into doing worthless things[B]prevent us from making further efforts[C]weaken our sense of accomplishment[D]suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity “citizens”, the author indicates that .[A]our focus should be shifted to community welfare[B]our relationship with local industries is improving[D] we should press our government to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be .[A] a win-win arrangement[B] a self-driven mechanism[C] a cost-effective approach[D] a top-down process40.The author concludes that individual efforts .[A]can be too aggressive[B]can be too inconsistent[C]are far from sufficient[D]are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’ s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home – but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home – without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children – especially older ones – may base their real state knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’ s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best –and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part BWrite an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Section Ⅰ Use of English1 . D2 . A3 . B4 . B5 . D6 . B7 . A8 . D9 . C 1 0 . A 1 1 . A 1 2 . D 1 3 . B 1 4 . A 1 5 . C 1 6 . D 1 7 . C 1 8 . A 1 9 . D 2 0 . ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21~25 C B D B D Text 2 26~30 D D B A C Text 3 31~35 C D B A B Text 4 36~40 B B D D CPart B41.A 42.D 43.C 44.G 45.F。

Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be: rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can adore and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.【参考译文】赢家从来都不会毕生致力于这样概念：即想象自己应该成为何种人。

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Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often， this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 。

As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass， but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym。

My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series （系列） of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a newappreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress Miss Trunchbull ， are equally fumy and frightening but they're also aspirational. After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt 's abotwuto sisters — Eri a model who either won 't or can 't stop sleeping and Mari a youngstudent. In trying to connect to her sister Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world ofdiverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for yourtrust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious fluoutbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn. 22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. 23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?A. A folk tale.B.A biography. 我最喜欢的书Jo Usmar 是《世界主义者》的作者，也是本书《生活方式》系列的合著者。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1_____, when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2_____.As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3____on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4_____ the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5____ my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6_____of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7____ altering your training program. The most 8______changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9_____, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10_____. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11______my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12_____ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13_____ my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14_____to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15_____and dropping weight, this is a 16_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17_____ to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18_____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19_____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20_____over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A]. Besides [B]. Therefore [C]. Otherwise [D]. However2. [A]. helps [B]. cares [C]. warns [D]. reduces3. [A]. initially [B]. solely [C]. occasionally [D]. formally4. [A]. recording [B].lowering [C]. explaining [D]. accepting5. [A]. modify [B]. set [C]. review [D]. reach6. [A]. definition [B].depiction [C]. distribution [D]. prediction7. [A]. due to [B].regardless of [C]. aside from [D]. along with8. [A]. orderly [B].rigid [C]. precise [D].immediate9. [A]. claims [B].judgments [C]. reasons [D]. methods10. [A]. instead [B].though [C]. again [D]. indeed11. [A]. report [B].track [C]. overlook [D]. conceal12. [A]. depend on [B].approve of [C]. hold onto [D]. account for13. [A]. prepare [B]. share [C]. adjust [D]. confirm14. [A]. results [B].features [C]. rules [D]. tests15. [A]. bored [B]. anxious [C]. hungry [D]. sick16. [A]. principle [B].secret [C]. belief [D]. sign17. [A]. request [B].necessity [C]. decision [D]. wish18. [A]. disappointing [B].surprising [C].restricting [D]. consuming19. [A]. if [B].because [C]. unless [D]. until20. [A]. obsessing [B].dominating [C]. puzzling [D]. triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet t his understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger rec ognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for anemotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathet ic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A. foster a child’s moral developmentB. regulate a child's basic emotionsC. improve a child's intellectual abilityD. intensify a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A. inexcusableB. deceptiveC. addictiveD. burdensome23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A. emotions are context-independentB. an emotion can play opposing rolesC. emotions are socially constructiveD. emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may be the outcome of impulsive actsB. may help correct emotional deficienciesC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. can result from either sympathy or guilt25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. wrongdoingsC. discussionsD. restrictionsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climatechange we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve foc used on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that____.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ____.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _____.A. restore its forests quickly after wildfiresB. cultivate more drought-resistant treesC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5____?A. To obtain enough financial supportB. To carry it out before the year of 2020C. To handle the areas in serious danger firstD. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ____.A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautiousText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either----not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, hav e a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agricultureB. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_____.A. the aging of immigrant farm workersB. the rising number of illegal immigrantsC. the high mobility of crop workersD. the lack of experienced laborers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To get native U.S. workers back to farmingD. To use more robots to grow high-value crops34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its _____.A. control of annual admissionsB. slow granting proceduresC. limit on duration of stayD. tightened requirements35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. Manpower VS. Automation?B. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?C. Import Food or Labor?D. America Saved by Mexico?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities star ring in a new video for World Environment Day--encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of powerthat implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polici es that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to_____.A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisisB. demand new laws on the use of plasticsC. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsD. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may_____. .A. suppress our desire for successB. mislead us into doing worthless thingsC. prevent us from making further effortsD. weaken our sense of accomplishment38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates that_____.A. We should press our government to lead the combatB. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsC. our relationship with local industries is improvingD. our focus should be shifted to community welfare39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be_____.A. a top-down processB. a win-win arrangementC. a self-driven mechanismD. a cost-effective approach40. The author concludes that individual efforts______.A. can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from rationalD. are far from sufficientPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for ahome?In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain's little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2, 000 U. S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, "he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home-but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children -----especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif."They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us, " he said " HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. Withthat mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner,, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow, " Garner said. “ Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to(1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and(2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二参考答案1-5 DABBD6-10 BADCA11-15 BDCAC16-20 DCABA21-25 ADBDB26-30 BBDCA31-35 DACAC36-40 CCAAD41-45 ADCGF46．参考译文我们很容易低估英国作家吉米•哈利。

2019年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案（1）2019年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(1) Section 1：Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary Selection1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ theglobal environmental problems. A. dress B. address C. stressD. distress2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that oldtemple to its original splendor. A. rest B. recover C.replace D. restore3. The list of things we need to think about which willbe ______ by climate change is endless.A. affiliatedB. affectedC. affirmedD. effected4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____of information about an individual life.A. dealB. numberC.amountD. account5. We will not be held responsible for any damage whichresults ____rough handling. A. from B. off C. in D. to6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ youwill find me during office hours. A. when B. which C. that D.where7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ yourprice is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.B. sinceC. thatD. though8. Over a very large number of trials, the probabilityof an event _____ is equal to the probability that it willnot occur.A. occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,” says ____ men’s basketball coach Larry Brown.A. American’sB. USC. the USAD. United State ofAmerica10. Many Americans do not understand why there is somuch international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.A. atmosphereB. skyC. weatherD. climate11. In order to obtain the needed information, youshould write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the readerwants to know.A. whatB. thatC. so that12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of theinvoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants toexport.A. amountB. coverC. insuranceD. premium13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods. itis important that it is ____ as soon as possible.A. deletedB. demandedC. deliveredD. detached14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retiredwith the company was ____ a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged witD. appreciated for15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character. A. prime B. primary C. privacyD. probation16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going tohave to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct. A. as B. like C. likely D. are like17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium. A. tributary B. attributionC. contributionD. distribution18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings.A.altitudeB.alternateC.alternatingD. alternative19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A. pedestrian B. penchant C. patriotic D. patriarch20. The countries that are being blamed for the extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it. A. nod B. note C. norm D.notionPart 2 Vocabulary Replacement。

2019年6月CATTI二级笔译实务参考答案及全面解析（1）第一篇英译汉In 2009, Time magazine hailed an online math program piloted at three New York City public schools, as one of the year’s 50 best innovations. Each day, the software generated individualized math “playlists” for students who then chose the “modality” in which they wished to learn — software, a virtual teacher or a flesh-and-blood one. A different algorithm sorted teachers’ specialties and schedules to match a student’s needs. “It generates the lessons, the tests and it grades the tests,” one veteran instructor marveled.解析：不是《时代杂志》，而是《时代周刊》。

原文的理解不是停留在表层，而是深入理解原文的意义、内涵、句法结构和逻辑思路。

具体体现在某些单词的指代要清晰，词语选择要到位。

the software generated individualized math “playlists” for students who then chose the “modality” in which they wished to learn 在这里看到the software前面的the就要知道指代前文提到的在线数学授课程序。

catti二级2019考试答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个选项是“一带一路”倡议的全称？A. 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路B. 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪陆上丝绸之路C. 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪空中丝绸之路D. 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪数字丝绸之路答案：A2. 根据2019年CATTI二级考试大纲，以下哪项不是翻译考试的评分标准？A. 准确性B. 流畅性C. 创新性D. 完整性答案：C3. 在翻译实践中，以下哪项不是翻译者应遵循的原则？A. 忠实原文B. 通顺易懂C. 创造新词D. 尊重文化差异答案：C4. 以下哪个选项不是翻译中常见的错误类型？A. 语法错误B. 词汇错误C. 逻辑错误D. 文化适应性错误答案：D5. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语以确保准确性？A. 随意替换B. 查阅专业词典C. 忽略不译D. 创造新词答案：B6. 翻译中，如何处理文化差异以确保译文的可接受性？A. 直接翻译B. 忽略文化背景C. 适当调整D. 完全照搬原文答案：C7. 以下哪个选项不是翻译中常见的技巧？A. 直译B. 意译C. 音译D. 形译答案：D8. 在翻译中，如何处理长句以提高译文的可读性？A. 直接翻译B. 分割句子C. 合并句子D. 忽略不译答案：B9. 翻译中，如何处理习语和成语以确保译文的地道性？A. 直接翻译B. 查阅词典C. 替换为通用表达D. 创造新词答案：C10. 翻译中，如何处理数字和单位以确保准确性？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为标准单位C. 忽略不译D. 创造新词答案：B二、阅读理解题（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。

段落：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越频繁。

在这一背景下，翻译作为连接不同文化和语言的桥梁，其重要性日益凸显。

翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的传递和交流。

因此，翻译者需要具备跨文化交际的能力和敏感度，以确保翻译的准确性和地道性。