2016年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题

2016年上半年笔译二级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze TestPART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to______more energy from the earth.A．detractB．protractC．extractD．retract正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。

题干大意为“科学家们正在推进现有技术的发展，以更多的能源”，本题四个选项均以-tract结尾，但其中只有extract(提取，获取)的语义能与energy(能源)构成符合上下文逻辑的搭配，故C选项符合题意。

人事部翻译资格证书（CATTI）2004年5月英语二级《笔译实务》试题及参考答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so.There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）Topic 1 （选题一） It's not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don't want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twistinto conceit. We don't want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, "I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It's O.K., to have some doubt, and it's O.K. to have some nervousness." A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak. Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. "But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve," says an NBA source. The problem with Jordan's return is not only that he can't possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 - earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back - needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not - violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century's first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe's pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence. To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won't get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won't be the league scoring leader, that's a loss of control. Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan.Topic 2 （选题二） Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn't I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn't I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of? My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle's home in provincial Barddhaman - a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me - if my grades didn't improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about "Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families". There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was "over my dead body." It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me - that is, if she loved me at all. After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I'd shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She'd write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I'd call her from the United States and tell her all the things I'd been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she'd developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally - or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born. My son's birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn't imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love - what was that all about? Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I'd moved the extra bed into the baby's room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points） 奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。

CATTI二级笔译汉译英真题2016年5月(总分40,考试时间60分钟)Chinese -English Translation (40 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation” and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation” **prises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choi1. 【Passage 1】人口问题归根结底是发展问题。

我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。

我们要重点关注人口分布结构与社会经济发展的关系，把人口问题纳入到国家经济社会发展规划。

人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。

大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量，同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。

我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化，着力提升流动人口服务管理水平，确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利，全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活，实现经济立足、身份认同和文化交融。

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)2. 【Passage 2】本美术馆是以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。

主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。

主楼建筑面积18000多平方米，共有17个展览厅，展览总面积8300平方米。

本美术馆现收藏各类美术作品10万余件，以19世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，兼有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。

2016.11 CATTI 英语二级笔译实务科目试题E-CPassage 1Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses yo u’re likely toface in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone indisc riminately. Passage 2My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?”I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “He got the maximum score!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits –based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romanticpartners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blo wn narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progressive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do not want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-love.C—EPassage 1浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。

CATTI 英语笔译实务(2级) 2015 年5月考试真题与参考答案Part 1：English-Chinese Translation Passage 1Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children form ed teams of eight to 10,taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fish like structures,complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top wit h a white flag. Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could with stand the tide longest. The last standing flag won. It was no ordinary day at the beach, but a newly minted, state-sanctioned competition for schoolchildren to raise awareness of the dangers of rising s ea levels in a country of precarious geography that has provided lessons for the world about water management, but that fears that its next generation will grow complacent. Fifty-five percent of the Netherlands is either below sea level or heavily flood-prone. Yet thanks to its renowned expertise and large water management budget (about1.25 percent of gross domestic product), the Netherlands has averted catastrophe since a flooding disaster in 1953. Experts here say that they now worry that the famed Dutch water management system actually works too well and that citizens will begin to take for granted the nation’ s success in staying dry. As global climate change threatens to raise sea levels by as much as four feet by the end of the century, the authorities here are working to make real to children the forecasts that may seem far-off, but that will shape their lives in adulthood and old age. “ Everything works so smoothly that people don ’ t realize anymore that they are taking a ris k in developing urban areas in low-lying areas, ” said Raimond Hafkenscheid, the lead organizer of the competition and a water expert with the Foreign Ministry. Before the competition,the children, ages 6 to 11, were coached by expert s in dike building and water management. V olunteers stood by, many of them freshly graduated civil engineers, giving last-minute advice on how be st to battle the rising water. A recently released report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on water man agement in the Netherlands pointed to an “ awareness gap ” among Dutch citizens. The finding did much to get the sand castle contest off the ground.答案：近日，北海沿岸崎岖而宽广的海滩上，孩子们八人一组，十人一队，在用隔离带精心围起来的沙堆旁各就各位。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语2级笔译综合能力真题2016年度下半年Section1Vocabulary and Grammar（60pionts)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)1、She______through the pages of a magazine,not really concentrating on them.A．curved B．flippedC．tumbled D．switched2、The republication of the poet's most recent work will certainly______ his national reputation.A．enhance B．enchantC．entertain D．enshrine3、It is a wonderful surprise to find out that other people perceive you as having the______you thought you were missing.A．standards B．levelsC．qualities D．grades4、Every street in that neighborhood has a different______of building boasting a combination of different angles and shapes.A．class B．flairC．style D．glamor5、Statistics convince us that in about one-third of this world today,survivalis still the leading industry;all else is______.A．logo B．luxuryC．lyric D．loss6、Maria became increasingly______,so she fled to her hometown in Austria.A．hasty B．horrifiedC．hateful D．homesick7、The nonverbal______communicated in business interactions through facial expressions and the movements of arms,legs and hands are very important.A．marks B．signalsC．labels D．hints8、In this hero of the film,you see a new image of the Chinese man,quite different from the______portrayed in popular Hollywood movies.A．example B．formalityC．stereotype D．category9、Traffic speed zones with a limit of60kilometers per hour reduce the death ______by45.6percent,with the greatest reduction in child casualties.A．sum B．quantityC．number D．toll10、This region may have as many as5million cases of AIDS in2016if the ______is not taken seriously.A．disease B．virusC．bacterium D．gene11、The protesters oppose building a high-rise in their neighborhood,stating that it will stand too close to their apartments and______the sunlight.A．obscure B．diluteC．alleviate D．lighten12、The president has got to provide a______overview of what he is trying to do throughout this explosive region of the world.A．controversial B．compellingC．consistent D．competing13、Jobs which require speed,accuracy,reliability or______can be performed far better by a robot than a human.A．insurance B．guidanceC．assistance D．endurance14、In the course of preparing his speech,he should be clearly aware of how to make effective use of statistics and examples to______one's point of view.A．blot B．blurC．bolster D．blunt15、Pessimistic procrastinators feel______and are afraid that their involvement in the task will prove this in the end.A．incompetent B．inconvenientC．inconstant D．incredible16、A simple microscope consists of a double convex lens and magnifying glass, while a______one,on the other hand,will contain more than one of these lenses.A．portable B．adaptableC．sophisticated D．movable17、Until______of the body clock has occurred,individuals suffering fromthe jet lag feel tired in the daytime and fail to sleep at night.A．amendment B．adjustmentC．assessment D．announcement18、According to CNN news,Oscar Menjivar-Herrera assaulted a girl with the help of the12-year-old boy.Police were shocked that this12-year-old has such a total lack of______.A．energy B．empathyC．endowment D．embarrassment19、The increasing popularity of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is attributed to the savings in fuel costs compared with______ internal-combustion engine vehicles.A．convenient B．competitiveC．customary D．controversial20、Early in September each year,the population of Ann Arbor,Michigan, suddenly increases by about25,000as students arrive for the new academic year.This______changes the character of the town in a number of ways.A．input B．influxC．inflation D．insertionPart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them one word is underlined, and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts）21、Comparison and contrast are rhetorical devices often employed deliberately in advertisements.A．derivatives B．figuresC．skills D．components22、World leaders unequivocally condemned the latest terrorist attack on civilians in several countries.A．undeniably B．unmistakablyC．unbelievably D．unbearably23、The vice president tried to wave aside these considerations as inconsequential details that could be settled later.A．trivial B．arrogantC．intentional D．preliminary24、Radar is used to extend the competence of man's senses for observing his environment,especially the sense of vision.A．validity B．liabilityC．capability D．intensity25、Its success was instantaneous,though neither the host nor Mr.Pepys could quite see the joke.A．insistent B．initialC．imperceptible D．immediate26、Some of the employees of the company are just interested in getting the job done,and going home on time,and others have no sense of allegiance yet.A．contribution B．loyaltyC．urgency D．pressure27、The cloud has come to present the bright future of computing,a world where processing and storage become as ubiquitous and cheap as electricity.A．pervasive B．feasibleC．continuous D．obvious28、After the boss announced that he would move the company to Los Angeles,all the employees begrudgingly accepted the plan as they were afraid of losing their jobs.A．briskly B．purposelyC．willingly D．reluctantly29、There was no one to tell Scarlett that her own personality,frighteningly vital though it was,was more attractive than any masquerade she might adopt.A．distinction B．dissentC．dissemblance D．disagreement30、He is lucky because he has a fastidious girlfriend who always keeps the closets and the house sparklingly clean.A．picky B．reliableC．tidy D．fashionable31、They try to be assiduous and earnest and see to it that they finish their work smoothly;they never give any thought to personal fame and position.A．diligent B．insistentC．patient D．efficient32、The federal district court issued a preliminary injunction,finding thatthe law likely was unconstitutional in imposing an impermissible undue burden on a woman's right to abortion.A．inadequate B．insignificantC．inappropriate D．indefensible33、Hours after my24th birthday,my life began to change with strangely related events that make me wonder today whether they did not spring from the fictional leanings of my mind.A．invented B．coinedC．aligned D．generated34、Their sketches on Victorian manners and a Polite Victorian House are ahilarious way to introduce students to the many strictures placed upon the middle and upper classes.A．images B．structuresC．constraints D．praises35、This text is tightly structured around the main theme of researchassessment,scaffolded with a clear introduction and useful concluding summaries at the end of each chapter.A．included B．comprisedC．supported D．mixed36、This bestselling novelist shares the story of how she escaped the curses of her past to make a future of her own,and at the same time she presents a refreshing meditation on the choices,charms,freedoms,and luck that affect us all.A．contemplation B．prophecyC．mirage D．attention37、In fact,more than75percent of all major corporations report that they monitor their employees'use of E-mail and Internet access either by spot-checking or constant surveillance.A．computation B．auditC．survey D．inspection38、The controversy surrounding our English instruction dealt with the desireto protect our linguistic heritage,which may resonate with what happens in other countries.A．recur B．coincideC．harmonize D．echo39、There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers who have nevertaken the trouble to learn to write clearly.One is due to negligence,and the other to willfulness.A．unevenness B．capriciousnessC．fogginess D．illegibility40、John Cramer,a researcher at the University of Washington,has created two different expositions of what the big bang might have sounded like based on data from two different satellites.A．renditions B．thesesC．explanations D．inventionsPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error,and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.（20pionts）41、It shall be wrong if not consider how much money you have before going abroadto study.A．would...not to consider B．will...to consider not C．shall...if not considering D．should...if not to consider 42、For the scientist,it is useful,and theoretically sound,considering the earth an object in space.A．which considers the earth B．to consider the earth asC．that considers the earth as D．the consideration of the earth43、There never so many foreign guests come to our city as today,so learning English is important.A．Foreign guests who have never B．Never so many foreign visitors haveC．The foreign guests aren't ever D．Never have so many foreign visitors44、I won't be able to see you off at the airport tomorrow,so I will wish you could travel smoothly.A．a good journey B．have a good journeyC．could have a good journey D．having a good journey45、When our coming of the Space Age,a new dimension has been added to the study of the planets in the solar system and beyond.A．By the B．To theC．Along the D．With the46、The project which will cost34million yuan designs to build more than 100homes,restaurants and retail shops around the city.A．is designed B．is designingC．will be designed D．will design47、It is against the law for car drivers to honk their horns except avoid an accident and for garbage trucks to start their rounds before6am.A．besides for avoiding B．except for avoidingC．unless to avoid D．nevertheless to avoid48、Because excessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species,preservation zones for wild animals are being established in some provinces.A．excessive hunting B．excessively being hunting C．to excessively hunting D．to have hunted excessively49、I have redone the homework.Please review it again and return it back how I can further improve it.A．feedback it to me,so I can farther improveB．return it back to me,so I can further improveC．feed me back on how I can improveD．return it back.Then I'll see how I can further improve50、The community is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around apartments,many residents complain that they cannot sleep at night.A．lest many residents complain B．though many residents complain C．because many residents complain D．as many residents complain51、Marriage was one of the first non-biological factors to be identified as improving life expectancy.A．identifying B．identifiedC．being identified D．to identify52、Nathan is afraid to go swimming in the ocean.He refuses to enter the water even the sea is perfectly calm and there are no waves.A．since the sea B．even if the seaC．if the sea D．for the sea53、Though iPads and E-readers have increasingly better screen clarity,the idea that every time a person reads a book,newspaper or magazine,what they will require an energy source is frightening.A．he will require B．and he will requireC．when he will require D．that he will require54、Antique auctions have become popular in this country unless a steadily increasing awareness of the investment value of antiques.A．because of B．in spite ofC．apart from D．with regard to55、The company says the homes are far more efficient than conventional housesand use less power as much as a third.A．less power as a third B．less than a third powerC．less as a third as much power D．less than a third as much power 56、The earth's atmosphere recorded the huge decline in the population of the western hemisphere in the150years as following the arrival of Columbus from Spain in1492.A．for following B．which followingC．when following D．following57、Walk by any Starbucks within several miles of your house,the chances are that you'll see several people sitting at a table,drinking coffee and enjoying the free WiFi.A．your house where the chances are B．your house and chances are C．your house that are chances D．your house are the chances 58、Directed by Benjamin Twist,who,incidentally,is one of the names beingmentioned as a possible successor to Nowozielski,a delightfully theatrical retelling is the production of Dicken's novel.A．the production is a delightfully theatrical retellingB．a delightfully theatrical retelling of the productionC．the production of a delightfully theatrical retellingD．is the production a delightfully theatrical retelling59、All are charged with violating official secrets laws,such is an offense that carries a maximum three-year prison term and fines up to US$27,000.A．an offense B．is an offenseC．is such an offense D．an offense is such60、So the theories of the schools are different from the practice of ordinary businessthat much of which he learned in the former will have to be unlearned in the latter.A．Are the theories of the schools so differentB．Are so different the theories of the schoolsC．So different the theories of the schools areD．So different are the theories of the schoolsSection2Reading Comprehension（30pionts）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with4(A,B,C andD.choices to answer the question or complete the statement.You must choose the one which you think fits best.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.With cloud,mobility,big data and consumerization,companies are in even greater need of technology talent than they were in the late1990s,and that talent is in even shorter puter science enrollments are at an all-time low;baby-boomer workers are retiring and taking all of that legacy—systems knowledge with them;and Silicon Valley is hot again.Would that young,brilliant developer rather join the next Zynga or upgrade the payroll systems at your insurance company?Two weeks ago,I asked the IT executive readership of my weekly newsletter, The Heller Report,to answer the question:If you had a magic wand,which one talent problem would you solve?Responses poured in and addressed challenges around recruiting,developing leaders,and retaining the talent that they currently have.But more than70percent of readers would use their magic wand to do only one thing:give business skills to their technologists. Their people,they worry,are so narrowly focused on the technology that they fail to see the forest for the trees.They do not understand the business context of their technology work,nor can they have meaningful discussions with the leaders of the business areas about their technology support.This lack of business-savvy technology talent is a serious problem for every company that relies on technology to exist(which is,of course,every company).Those beautifully"blended executives,"who can talk technology in one meeting and can talk business in another,are rare birds.Yet with technology moving directly into the revenue stream of your company,you need them,and your need is only going to increase.One option is to spend all of your time and money on recruiting blended executives from the outside.You will be in heated competition with every other company in your market,and if your recruiting function is not a competitive weapon for you,you will find yourself in a losing battle.You would be much better off growing your own.Here are some ideas: Build a rotational program.Encourage your head of human resources to work with your CIO and a few of your other business leaders to build a programthat rotates IT people into different functions of the business.This kind of program is not easy,with your CIO having to survive without a trusted IT leader for a period of time,but the long-term result of a good rotational program can be tremendous.It may well be worth the investment.Involve your business leaders.If a rotational program is too much to take on right now,build a leadership development program for IT that involves your business executives.Encourage your CIO to invite the heads of your major business units to meet regularly with the senior IT team to educate them on their business area.And be sure that you,CFO,are spending enough time with e that interaction to chip away at the long-standing wall that often exists between the business and IT.Embed your IT people in the business.By now,your CIO should have restructured the IT organization so that each major business or functional area has a dedicated IT leader.These positions are called"business relationship executives,"portfolio CIOs,or customer relationship managers, and they often report both to the CIO and to a functional or P&L leader.The more time they spend in"the business,"the more they learn skills beyond IT,and the more valuable they become to you over time.You know you are on the right track when you walk into a business unit meeting,and from the dialogue taking place,you cannot easily distinguish the IT person from everyone else.61、Companies are in greater need of technology talent NOT because of______.A．the accumulation of more dataB．the need to serve consumersC．the rising demand for cloud computationD．the development of medical industry62、______is NOT a cause for the short supply of technology talent.A．Recruitment of IT companiesB．Upgrading payroll systemsC．Retirement of experienced IT technologistsD．Recruiting fewer people in computer programs63、The main idea of Paragraph2is that______.A．profound discussion is requiredB．IT employees should be business-savvyC．technology support is expectedD．there are challenges in recruiting developers64、The target readers of the weekly newsletter in Paragraph2are______.A．IT managerial staff members B．chief developersC．skilled technicians D．recruitment administrators 65、The word"forest"underlined in Paragraph2is a metaphor that refers to______.A．engineering circles B．IT businessesC．industrial leaders D．technological projects 66、The phrase"recruiting function"underlined in Paragraph4refers to ______.A．recruitment of a particular firmB．the functionality of recruitmentC．competitive recruitment strategyD．employment of IT workers for a certain employer67、If a company doesn't have enough time and money to hire executives it needs,it should______.A．achieve long-term results B．devise a training program C．participate in heated competition D．call on all business leaders 68、A rotational program DOESN'T involve______.A．blended IT executives B．CIOC．CEO D．all business leaders69、Following Paragraph5,the passage is intended for______.A．CFO B．CIOC．P&L D．IT professionals70、The phrase"the business"underlined in Paragraph7means______.A．how to recruit IT staff membersB．how to manage and marketC．how to develop new productsD．how to contact other employeesIf there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available,that endeavor is surely publicly financed science.Morally,taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense.And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects.Barriers to that exchange slow it down.There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government.Recently it announced that,the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available,free and online,for anyone to read and redistribute.Britain's government is not alone.Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S.,the National Institutes of Health(NIH,the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world)has required open-access publishing since2008.And the Wellcome Trust,a British foundation that is the world's second-biggest charitable source of scientific money,after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things.One is that their processes take months,when the Internet could enable them to take days.The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly,which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down.The publishers thus have scientists—or,more accurately,their universities,which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock.That,combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers)is free,leads to generous returns.In2011,Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher,made a profit of￡768million on revenues of￡2.06 billion—a margin of37percent.Indeed,Elsevier's profits are thought so egregious by many people that12,000researchers have signed up to boycott the company's journals.Publishers do provide a service.They organize peer reviews,in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts(though those experts,like the authors of papers,are seldom paid for what they do).They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats,by deciding what gets published,and where. That gives the publishers huge power.Since researchers,administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism,the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing,increasing the value of those journals still further.But not,perhaps,for much longer.Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing:doing it online,in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge.The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefitfrom the change.Much remains to be worked out.Some fear the loss of the traditional journals'curation and verification of research.Even Sir Mark Walport,the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.A revolution,then,has begun.Technology permits it;researchers and politicians want it.If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.71、The first two paragraphs intend to indicate that______.A．taxpayers should make great efforts to exchange ideasB．publishers are regarded as a negative factor in scienceC．the government is liable to pay for research expensesD．the results of research projects are freely available to the public 72、According to Paragraph3,the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation______.A．is a very important provider of research fundingB．argues that researchers make their findings public freelyC．has a monopoly on any research results with its financial support D．follows the example set by the U.S.NIH73、According to the passage,people who are unhappy with publishers of scientific journals______.A．criticize the unfair publication of scientific articlesB．object to their slowness and the high costs of the journalsC．blame them for the slow pace of recent scientific progressD．think that journals should be abolished as an obstacle to freedom of speech74、The word"egregious"underlined in Paragraph4means______.A．somewhat unfavorable B．rather unnecessaryC．strikingly unavailable D．clearly bad75、According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true?______A．Mini-monopoly seems to advance scientific research.B．Subscription is a major source of margins for the journals.C．Publishers make great profits by keeping the price down.D．Researchers subscribe to journals to receive free manuscripts. 76、In the phrase"sort the scientific sheep from the goats"underlined in Paragraph5,the author uses a metaphorical device termed______.A．allusion B．punC．metaphor D．irony77、Before the publication of papers,peer reviews are to______.A．differentiate papers B．evaluate themC．exercise the power of publishers D．add the value of journals 78、The author mentions the concerns of Sir Mark Walport,who______.A．strongly supports current publishing arrangements and modelsB．worries about the poor quality of current scientific publication C．believes that the weaknesses of open-access journals can easily be overcomeD．is afraid that good papers in open-access journals may be neglected 79、What does the author think of the future of open-access journals?______A．Doubtful.B．Unclear.C．Foreseeable.D．Pessimistic.80、The passage intends to______.A．argue that academic journals face a radical shake-upB．illustrate that the publishing formalities need not to changeC．report that the publication of papers faces intense competition D．discuss that scientific research is shifting to free access Declining house prices,rising job layoffs,skyrocketing oil costs and amajor credit crunch have brought consumer confidence to its lowest point in five years.With a relatively long recession looking increasingly likely, many American families may be planning to tighten their belts.Interestingly,restraining our consumer spending,in the short term,may cause us to actually loosen the belts around our waists.What's the connection? The brain has a limited capacity for self-regulation,so exerting willpower in one area often leads to backsliding in others.The good news,however, is that practice increases willpower capacity,so that in the long run,buying less now may improve our ability to achieve future goals—like losing those 10pounds we gained when we weren't out shopping.The brain's store of willpower is depleted when people control their thoughts,feelings or impulses,or when they modify their behaviors in pursuit of goals.Psychologist Roy Baumeister and others have found that people who successfully accomplish one task requiring self-control are less persistent on a second,seemingly unrelated task.In one pioneering study,some people were asked to eat radishes while others received freshly baked chocolate chip cookies before trying to solve an impossible puzzle.The radish-eaters abandoned the puzzle in eight minutes on average,working less than half as long as people who got cookies or those who were excused from eating radishes.Similarly,people who were asked to circle every"e"on a page of text then showed less persistence in watching a video of an unchanging table and wall.Other activities that deplete willpower include resisting food or drink, suppressing emotional responses,restraining aggressive or sexual impulses, taking exams and trying to impress someone.Task persistence is also reduced when people are stressed or tired from exertion or lack of sleep.What limits willpower?Some have suggested that it is blood sugar,which brain cells use as their main energy source and cannot do without for even a few minutes.Most cognitive functions are unaffected by minor blood sugar fluctuations over the course of a day,but planning and self-control are sensitive to such small changes.Exerting self-control lowers blood sugar, which reduces the capacity for further self-control.People who drink a glass of lemonade between completing one task requiring self-control and beginning a second one perform equally well on both tasks,while people who drink sugarless diet lemonade make more errors on the second task than on the first. Foods that persistently elevate blood sugar,like those containing protein or complex carbohydrates,might enhance willpower for longer periods.In the short term,you should spend your limited willpower budget wisely. It can be counterproductive to work toward multiple goals at the same time if your willpower cannot cover all the efforts that are required.Concentrating your effort on one or,at most,a few goals at a time increases the odds of success.Focusing on success is important because willpower can grow in the long term.Like a muscle,willpower seems to become stronger with use.The idea of exercising willpower is seen in military boot camp,where recruits are trained to overcome one challenge after another.No one knows why willpower can grow with practice,but consistently doing any activity that requires self-control seems to increase willpower—and the ability to resist impulses and delay gratification is highly associated with。

2005年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）Hans Christian Andersen was Denmark's most famous native son. Yet even after his fairy tales won him fame and fortune, he feared he would be forgotten. He need not have worried. This weekend, Denmark began eight months of celebrations to coincide with the bicentenary of his birth, and Denmark is eager that the world take note as it sets out to define the pigeon-holed writer in its own way.The festivities began in Copenhagen on Saturday, Andersen's actual birthday, with a lively show of music, dance, lights and comedy inspired by his fairy tales before a crowd of 40,000people -- including Queen Margre the II and her family -- at the Parken National Stadium. The opening, called Once Upon a Time, will be followed by a slew of concerts, musicals, ballets, exhibitions, parades and education programs costing over US$40 million.So more than in recent memory, Danes -- and, they hope, foreigners -- will be reliving the humor, pain and lessons to be found in evergreen stories like The Little Mermaid, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Ugly Duckling, The Little Match-Seller, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Shadow, The Princess and the Pea and others of Andersen's 150 or so fairy tales.In organizing this extravaganza, of course, Denmark is also celebrating itself. After all, Andersen is still this country's most famous native son. Trumpeting his name and achievements not only draws attention to Denmark's contribution to world culture, but could also woo more foreign tourists to visit his birthplace in the town of Odense and to be photographed beside the famous bronze statue of the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen's harbor.And Denmark has even more in mind. Local guardians of the Andersen legacy evidently feel his stories have lost ground in recent years to the likes of J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter. Andersen's fairy tales may remain central to the Danish identity, serving as homespun guides to the vagaries of human behavior, but what about the rest of the world? "What we really need is a rebirth of Andersen," noted Lars Seeberg, secretary general of the Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation. "Two centuries after his birth, he still fails to be universally acknowledged as the world-class author he no doubt was.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1（选题一）Independent Information and Analysis from the USAThe Gap between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. Capital Washington D.C. ranks first among the40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of household in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent."I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area's special job opportunities, which attract high-income households. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school."In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reason swhy high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. to the Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison."As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor."The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained. Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won't be fixed overnight."Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District's tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.'s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. "Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush's tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all… it just didn't benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush's tax-cut plan much." Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration."Topic 2（选题二）Sometimes you can know too much. The aim of screening healthy people for cancer is to discover tum ours when they are small and treatable. It sounds laudable and often it is. But it sometimes leads to unnecessary treatment. The body has a battery of mechanisms for stopping small tum ours from becoming large ones. Treating those that would have been suppressed anyway does no good and can often be harmful.Take lung cancer. A report in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association, by Peter Bach of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York and his colleagues, suggests that, despite much fanfare around theuse of computed tomography (CT) to detect tum ours in the lungs well before they cause symptoms, the test may not reduce the risk of dying from the disease at all—indeed, it may make things worse.The story begins last year, when Claudia Henschke of Cornell University and her colleagues made headlines with a report that patients whose lung cancer had been diagnosed early by CT screening had excellent long-term survival prospects. Her research suggested that 88% of patients could expect to be alive ten years after their diagnosis. Dr Bach found similar results ina separate study. In his case, 94% of patients diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer were alive four years later.Survival data alone, though, fail to answer a basic question: “compared with what?” People are bound to live longer after their diagnosis if that diagnosis is made earlier. Early diagnosis is of little value unless it results in a better prognosis.Dr Bach, therefore, interrogated his data more thoroughly. He used statistical models based on results from studies of lung cancer that did not involve CT screening, to try to predict what would have happened to the individuals in his own study if they had not been part of that study. The results were not encouraging.Screening did, indeed, detect more tum ours. Over the course of five years, 144 cases of lung cancer were picked up in a population of 3,200, compared with a predicted number of 44.Despite these early diagnoses, though, there was no reduction in the number of people who went on to develop advanced cancer, nor a significant drop in the number who died of the disease (38, compared with a prediction of 39). Considering that early diagnosis prompted at enfold increase in surgery aimed at removing the cancer (the predicted number of surgical interventions was 11; the actual number was 109), and that such surgery is unsafe—5% of patients die and another 20-40% suffer serious complications—the whole process seems to make things worse.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation（汉译英）Part A25年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。

2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题Part1 Summary Writing1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes)Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion:When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.” He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired.Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn’t want to set an example”that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you’re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal” has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as ….Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano’s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit” is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc.Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry’s or their community’s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn’t simply disciplined in his supervisor’s office and sent home. No, that’s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone’s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee’s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down.When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!” But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO.Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch’s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE’s great management thinker just wasn’t thinking big enough.This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes)越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。