英汉互译技巧-2

英汉翻译的几种技巧英汉翻译的几种技巧一、顺序相同1）up and down：上上下下，起伏地The boat bobbed up and down in the water那只小船在水中颠簸。

2）more or less：或多或少，有点儿He more or less thought it was his duty to tell me．他或多或少认为告诉我是他的责任。

3）rock and roll：摇滚乐4）deaf and dumb：又聋又哑5）heart and soul：全心全意地，满腔热情地He devoted himself heart and soul to his work．他全心全意地致力于工作。

6）day and night：日日夜夜，夜以继日7）husband and wife：夫妻，夫妇They have lived together as husband and wife for years．他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年。

8）black and white：（指电影、电视、照片等）黑白I changed my black and white television for a color set．我把黑白电视机换成了一台彩色的。

9）black and blue：青一块、紫一块的10）wax and wane：（力量或重要性）兴衰，盛衰Throughout history em pires have waxed and waned．历史上各个王朝均有兴衰。

11）home and abroad：国内外，海内外Mount Tai attracts many tourists from home and abroad．泰山吸引了许多海内外游客。

12）Ladies and gentlemen：女士们、先生们（用在发言的开始，虽然有时汉语也会说：“先生们，女士们”，但英语习惯始终是“ladies”在前面。

An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。

常用十大翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。

常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be?结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。

因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。

因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。

英语句子离不开介词和冠词。

另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。

总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。

如：（1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）（3）Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。

（增译名词）（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

英译汉常用的方法技巧在英译汉的过程中，有哪些好的方法与技巧呢?下面就和店铺一起来看看吧!一、一词多义(Polysemy)regularregular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasolinedelicatedelicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food二、注意有线词的词义He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.三、词义的引申(Extension or Generalization)1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction conceptHis novel is a mirror of the times.The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific conceptIn two years, he was a national phenomenon.Public opinion is demanding more and more that somethingbe done about noise.Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.四、词义的褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.ExercisesI have no opinion of that sort of man.She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.The picture flattered her.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.五、转译成动词(一)名词转译动词(Convert nouns into verbs)My admiration for him grew more.He said he did not know whether Tom was ready for a showdown.To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.The Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry were rewarded to Americans, giving the U.S. a clean sweep of all the 1976 Nobel prizes in the sciences.Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects by radio waves.In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not even be started.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.I am no drinker, nor smoker.The application of electronic computers makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.(二)介词转译成动词(Convert prepositions into verbs)There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.We are fortunate in our opponent.Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.(三)形容词转译成动词(Convert adjectives into verbs)He said the meeting was informative.They were news-hungry.It was a very informative meeting.(四)副词转译成动词(Convert adverbs into verbs)The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.It has snowed over.Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?六、转译成名词(一)动词转译成名词(Convert verbs into nouns)She knows what’s what.They thought differently.TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.He roared, which threatened his enemies away.The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.(二)形容词转译成名词The new treaty would be good for ten years.The language of the poem is colloquial, y et it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized.Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.七、转译成形容词名词转译成形容词Their physical experiment was a success.The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”He found on this issue, as on Taiwan, an identity of approach.In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.八、其他词类转译副词转译成名词The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physicalworld, it is very active chemically.The image must be dimensionally correct.九、大量的英语被动句要化成汉语的主动句1. He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.4. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.十、以by为着眼点，进行多种译文1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.十一、“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的`句型，常以下列形式表达1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.2. It should be understood that to err is human.十二、汉译中需用被动式时，也最好多找一些字眼来取代“被”字1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.3. He was set upon by two naked men.4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.5. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.十三、名词、动名词前增补动词1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.十四、英语抽象名词的翻译1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.2. Many changes take place during the transformation.3. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.十五、将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征，这是一种引申，需增词1. It was a Godsend to him.2. If you d are to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.十六、增添“概括”性的词1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.4. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.5. This report summed up the achievements in technology and education.十七、英文中为避免重复而省略之词，汉译时需补上，作必要的重复1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.十八、汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.2. Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.十九、增补量词1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of paper, a pin, a plastic comb,a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.二十、增补表示复数含义的词1. But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reduced.【英译汉常用的方法技巧】。

英汉翻译技巧精选引导语：下面店铺为大家带来英汉翻译技巧精选，谢谢您的阅读，祝您阅读愉快。

一、重复法(一)名词的重复A. 名词作宾语时的重复1. I must do my best to develop the students’ ability to analyze and solve problems.2. We should inspect and oil the machines before work.3. Can you tell the chemical and physical characteristics about this substance?B. 名词作先行词的重复1. Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.2. A synthetic material equal to that alloy in strength has been created, which is very useful in industry.(二)动词的重复1. Refrigerators, freezers and air-conditioners must obey not only the first law (energy conservation) but the second law as well.2. The conflict spread everywhere, into little villages, as well as the cities.(三)代词的重复A. 人称代词的重复1. There is air around us although we cannot see it.2. She works extremely hard though still rather poor in health.3. He hated failure; he had conquered it all this life, risen above it, and despised it in others.B. 代词that (或those)的重复1. Einstein first considered that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.2. Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.C. 物主代词的重复1. The conductor has its properties, and the insulator has its own.2. Medium waves have their uses, short waves have their uses.D. Whoever, whichever等词的重复1. Give the book to whoever wants to buy it.2. You may solve the question in whichever way you know well.(四)译成汉语的叠字1. The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.2. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.3. She hoped she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him.4. They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.二、省略法(一)冠词的省略1. In a word China is a developing country. It needs time to have further development.2. Laser can be used as a surgical instrument since the beam can cut through tissue in an instant.(二)代词的省略1. Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.2. We should concern ourselves here only with the sentence patterns.3. It is better to do well than to say well.(三)介词的省略1. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.2. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.3. The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.4. She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,” and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends and kindred.(四)连词的省略1. Some bacteria are extremely harmful but others are helpful.2. Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything, it is not a material.3. The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.三、正反、反正表达法(一)英文从正面表达，译文从反面表达1. He seemed to be at a loss for precise word to complete his thought.2. Tom said her handling of the matter left very much to be desired.3. Her face was streaked with dirt and her hair was a tangle; even so, you could see her pretty features.4. Jim uses his hands and body beautifully, while T om has zero body language.5. He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued them.6. Appearances are deceptive.7. The demands seemed less than reasonable.8. Disaster wears many masks.9. Her husband hates to see her stony face.(二)英文从反面表达，译文从正面表达1. Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.2. Mexico City is an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual.3. He never spared himself and so he made me work hard.4. Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year.5. He returned home with no hope on his face.四、分句、合句法(一)分句法A. 由于某一单词的需要1. He cannot politely turn down the invitation to our party.2. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.3. It sounded like a fairly tale---but it was too brutally real.4. There is also the distressing possibility that Tom isn’t quite the catch the police thought.5. Yesterday I came across that smart little lady called Mary.6. One problem in trying to discuss my report is its sheer volume.7. A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy’s essay, would be justly indignant.B. 由于某一短语之需要，特别是介词短语1. The following morning, at a ceremony in the East Room if the White House, with President Nixon, the Cabinet, and his family looking on, Henry Kissinger was sworn (in) by Chief justice Warren Burger as America’s fifty-sixth Secretary of State.2. Now he and Tom, his friend, were our guests in New York over the holidays.3. To many, the sheer numbers of China’s people were menacing, and exclusionary immigration laws were enacted to keep them out.点击展开全文。

常用英汉翻译方法在进行英汉翻译时，存在许多常用的方法和技巧，以下是一些常用的英汉翻译方法：1. 直译法：直译法是指按照原文词序和语法结构一一对应翻译。

例如，将英文句子“Today is a sunny day”直译为“今天是一个晴朗的日子”。

2. 词义推测法：当遇到具有多义词、暗示意义或不常用词汇时，需要根据语境来推测其具体含义。

例如，当翻译英文句子“His words cut like a knife”时，可以根据语境推测出“cut like a knife”的意思是“言辞尖刻”。

3. 意译法：意译法是指根据上下文和语境，将原文的意思翻译成与之相近但不完全相同的中文表达方式。

例如，将英文句子“Break a leg”意译为“祝你好运”。

4. 倒装法：在英语中，有时候会使用倒装结构来强调一些信息。

在翻译时，可以根据需要保留或调整倒装结构。

例如，将英文句子“Only when the rain stops can we go out”翻译为“只有等雨停了，我们才能出去”。

5. 并列句分解法：当遇到复杂的并列句时，可以将其分解为简单的句子进行翻译，再根据语境进行合并。

例如，将英文句子“It was raining, so I stayed at home”分解为“It was raining. I stayedat home.”然后根据语境合并翻译。

6. 省略法：在翻译时，有时可以根据上下文和语境省略一些无关紧要或重复的信息。

例如，当翻译英文句子“I have a pen and I have a book”时，可以省略第二个“I have”翻译成“我有一支笔和一本书”。

7. 对等法：对等法是指根据语言特点和表达习惯，在翻译中使用相同或相近的表达方式。

例如，将英文句子“It's raining cats and dogs”翻译为“雨下得很大”。

8. 分词法：在英语中，分词结构非常常用。

在翻译时，可以将分词结构翻译为相应的中文句子。