2024年高考英语一轮复习(新人教版) 第2部分 语法专题 专题3 第3讲 介词
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1 第3讲 介词
1．表示方位的介词
We walked across① the beach，through② the woods and finally came to③ the house which was
under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping into⑥ the house，we found a small black
table，over⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around⑧，only to find nothing.My friend found
something special—an empty box.Beneath⑨ it was a note saying，“Stand beside⑩ the window and
look out of⑪ it.” From⑫ the window we saw another house beyond⑬ a small hill.
[规则感悟] ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。
2．表示时间的介词
It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November,2021.My parents left home at③ 6∶00 am
to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours.However，it
wasn’t long before④ someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw a
stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didn’t open it until⑤ my parents came
back.During⑥ the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn’t listen
to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦ two
hours since 6∶10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years?
[规则感悟] ①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。
3．表示原因的介词
John was punished for① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over② it and he trembled
with③ anger because of④ John’s bad behaviour.
[规则感悟] ①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing
to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。
4．其他重要介词
2 Between① the two opinions，I am for② the first one but against③ the second one.By④ wearing
school uniforms，students can be treated equally by④ others despite⑤ the different economic
backgrounds among⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Most students except⑨
a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for⑩ the fact that they are not fashionable.
[规则感悟] ①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite
of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。
一、介词的省略
1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.
上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time
(in) doing sth，waste some time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy (in)
doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
二、介词不可省略的问题
1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
3 三、介词短语
1．介词与名词构成的搭配：
(1)at＋名词
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
at peace处于和平状态
at the risk of冒……的危险
at war处于战争状态
at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time同时
(2)on＋名词
on exhibition/show/display在展出
on account of因为
on fire着火
on average平均；一般地
on sale出售；打折
on behalf of代表
on no account/condition决不
on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加
on holiday/vacation在度假
(3)by＋名词
by accident/chance偶然地
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by coincidence碰巧
by nature天生地
(4)in＋名词
in cash用现金付款
in charge of掌管
in depth在深度上
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危
4 in height在高度上
in spite of尽管
in length在长度上
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持，赞成
in no time立刻
in case of万一；如果；假使
in no way决不
in support of为支持……
in place of代替
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有，占有
in memory of为了纪念……
in addition to另外
(5)of＋名词
of benefit有益处的
of significance有意义的
of help有帮助的
of use有用的
of importance重要的
of value有价值的
(6)out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡
out of order发生故障
out of breath上气不接下气
out of sight看不见
out of control失去控制
out of the question不可能
out of date过期
out of work失业
out of touch失去联系
(7)under＋名词
under attack遭到袭击
under treatment在治疗中
