定性与定量研究

概念

定量研究方法

定量研究是指确定事物某方面量的规定性的科学研究，就是将问题与现象用数量来表示，进而去分析、考验、解释，从而获得意义的研究方法和过程。定量，就是以数字化符号为基础去测量。定量研究通过对研究对象的特征按某种标准的比较来测定对象特征数值，或求出某些因素间的量的变化规律。由于其目的是对事物及其运动的量的属性作出回答，故名定量研究。定量研究与科学实验研究是密切相关的，可以说科学上的定量化是伴随着实验法产生的。

The quantitative research is a prescriptive scientific

research which aims to determine the amount of things, this

method will represent the problems and phenomenon via the

number, and then to analyze, test, and explain the relevant

research and acquire the significance of the research methods

and process. The so-called quantitative, is based on digitized

symbols to measure. Quantitative research will compare the

characteristics of the object of study for some standard to

determine the characteristic values of the research target, or

calculate the amount of variation between some certain factors.

Because its purpose is to object motion and its quantitative attribute

to answer, named quantitative research. Quantitative research and scientific experimental research are closely related, it

can be said that scientific quantitative along with the

experimental method。

定性研究方法

是根据社会现象或事物所具有的属性和在运动中的矛盾变化，从事物的内在规定性来研究事物的一种方法或角度。它以普遍承认的公理、一套演绎逻辑和大量的历史事实为分析基础，从事物的矛盾性出发，描述、阐释所研究的事物。进行定性研究，要依据一定的理论与经验，直接抓住事物特征的主要方面，将同质性在数量上的差异暂时略去。

定性研究是指通过发掘问题、理解事件现象、分析人类的行为与观点以及回答提问来获取敏锐的洞察力。几乎每天在每个工作场所和学习环境下都会进行定性研究。

It is according to the social phenomena or objects which are having

the attributes and in the movement of the change of contradiction of

things, it is also a research method or perspective which is from

the internal regulations of the things It is generally acknowledged

axioms, a set of deductive logic and a large number of historical

facts analysis, from the contradiction of description, explanation, of

things. Doing the Qualitative research, it will be based on some

certain theories and experience, directly grasp the main aspects of

the research targets, it will temporarily omitted the homogeneity of

the differences in number.

定性研究是研究者用来定义问题或处理问题的途径。具体目的是深入研究消费者的看法，进一步探讨消费者之所以这样或那样的原因。如果说定量研究解决“是什么”的问题，那么定性研究解决的就是“为什么”的问题。

Qualitative research is used to define the problem and find the

solutions to the research problems. The specific purpose of

in-depth study of consumer perception consumer, to further explore

the reason for this or that reasons .If the quantitative study and

solve the " what" questions, then qualitative research is to address

the "why" question.

区别与联系

美国学者博格丹和比科林举了定性研究的五个特征，并借此区别定量研究。

American scholar Bogdan and Bikelin gives a qualitative study of

five characteristics, and to distinguish quantitative study.

（1） 定性研究是把自然情景作为资料的直接来源，其中研究者起关键作用。研究者关心的是事情发生的情境，所以在研究过程中，他们通常深入到特定的情境中。

Qualitative research uses the natural scene as the direct

source of information, in which the researchers play a key

role. The researchers are concerned with the situations happened, so in the process of the study, they are usually

deep into the specific situation.

（2）

定性研究是描述性的。定性研究收集的数据，通常采用文字或者图片的形式，而不是采用数据的形式。在对细节作出解释的时候，描述一种收集数据的方法是有效的。

Qualitative research is descriptive. The collection of

Qualitative research data usually used in the form of text or

images, rather than using the data form. When explain the

details, describe a kind of method of data collection is

effective.

（3） 定性研究关心的是过程，而不是只关心结果。

Qualitative research is concerned with the process, not only

care about the results

（4） 定性研究倾向于对资料进行归纳分析。只有把已经收集到的数据组合在一起，才能形成抽象概括。

Qualitative research tends to analyzed the data and material.

Only to have assembled the collected data together, which

can form the abstract generalization.

（5） 定性研究方法关心的最基本的着眼点是人们对事物的理解。

Qualitative research methods concerns with the most basic

starting point is people's understanding of things 定性研究与定量研究的这些差异，使他们在研究中各有其所长，也各有其所短，而且一者所长正式另一者所短，反之亦然。如定量研究的长处是消除研究过程中的主观性和各种倾向、偏见，使研究者保持客观、精确，把教育实践工作者以为理所当然的东西（一些缄默的，没有科学依据的，但是行之有效的“信条”存在）加以检验。

定量研究隐含着不可克服的缺陷。一时教育现象具有模糊性。二是定量研究不仅受到物质条件的限制，而且还受到伦理上的限制和社会条件的限制。 二者并不相互排斥，而是互补的，定性研究为定量研究提供框架，而定量研究又为进一步的定性研究提供条件。

Qualitative research and quantitative research have these

differences, so that they each have its advantages, also have its

disadvantages, and the advantage is another’s disadvantage. Such

as quantitative research advantage is the elimination of the

research process and the tendency of subjectivity, prejudice, it also

allow the researchers to remain objective, in a accurate research

direction, to test the behoove things (some of the default, there is

no scientific basis, but effective "creed" in), which make the people

believe in. Quantitative research also implicits some

insurmountable defects. One is the research with some fuzzy

phenomenon. Another one is the quantitative research is not only