Vocabulary

vocabulary词汇颜色red, blue, green, yellow, white, black, brown, gray, pink, purple, orange文具及学校用品book, pen, pencil, pencil case, book bag, ruler, blackboard, tape recorder, eraser, notebook, marker,家庭成员及亲友mother, father, brother, sister, grandmother, grandfather,aunt, uncle, cousin,食物调料饮料类cake, bread, chicken, ice cream, potato chips, candy, cookies, French fries, popcorn, hot dog, hamburger, sandwich, salad,tofu, butter, flour, meat, salt, sugar,water, milk, juice, cola, Coke, soda, coffee, tea, soup,活动、动作及动词词组swim, rollerblade, climb, ride a bike, sing, dance, write a postcard, read a book, talk to friends, do some shopping, sing a song, read a poem, make a speech, watch a show, take a nap, eat a snack, do my homework, watch a VCD, talk loudly, walk quickly, draw quietly, wave happily, helped the teacher, watched a film, listened to a tape, learned about history, waited for the bus, shared my lunch, visited the museum, carried the books, go/went to a supermarket, buy/bought a bag of candy, buy/bought a can of cola, buy/bought a bottle of juice, go/went to a fast food restaurant, eat/ate a slice of pizza, drink/drank a cup of tea, drink/drank a glass of water,表示动作发生频率的词always, usually, sometimes, never, often,形容词nice, fine, good, great, happy, sad, mad, surprised, tired, sick, scared, kind, polite, hard-working, funny, terrible, interesting,small, big, tall, short, hungry, thirsty, easy, hard, new, old, clean, messy, fun, OK, wrong, right, fast, slow, hot, cold, cheap, expensive, loud, quiet, exciting, boring, busy, relaxing, beautiful, modern, long (hair), curly (hair), straight (hair), blond (hair),玩具用品类kite, computer game, toy car, comic book, sticker, postcard,家具家用类desk, chair, table, door, window, CD, TV, CD player, computer, telephone, television, VCD, camera, photo, box, bag, trash can, dishes, keys, glasses, watch,房间或地点类名词kitchen, living room, bedroom, bathroom, restroom, classroom,store, movie theater, park, zoo, school, restaurant, beach, supermarket, market, bookstore, shopping mall, department store, playground, post office, bank, pool, dentist, library, museum, hospital, fun fair,季节与天气season: spring, summer, fall, winterweather: sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, snowy, warm, hot, cool, cold,体育用品体育项目类Baseball, basketball, soccer, badminton, table tennis, tennis, football, volleyball,动植物flower, tree,frog, bird, chicken, hen, duck, pig, cow, bee, shark, dolphin, crab, turtle, 交通工具交通方式类bus, car, spaceship, ship, bike, train, plane, on foot,一日三餐和零食breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack,衣帽服饰类clotheshat, cap, shoes, T-shirt, shirt, skirt, dress, coat, pants, shorts, jacket, raincoat, sweater, red scarf,课程科目类art class, gym class, English class, music class,piano lessons, kung fu lessons, math lessons, Chinese lessons, science, social studies, civic education, manual skills,乐器类guitar, violin, flute, drum, piano, erhu,时间星期日期类morning, afternoon, evening, night, noon, 7 o’clock,身体部位名称eye, ear, nose, mouth, tooth/teeth, hair, foot/feet, hand, finger, head, arm, leg, stomach, knee,职业类teacher, singer, reporter, police officer, doctor, nurse,国家城市名称the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, China, Japan,London, New York, Sydney, Paris,水果蔬菜类fruits: apple, orange, pear, grape, peach,vegetables: potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, cabbages, lettuce, cucumbers, corn, beans,家务活动类houseworkwash the dishes, dust the furniture, sweep the floor, fold the clothes, water the plants,序数词first, second, third, fourth, fifth,节日New Year’s Day, May Day, Children’s Day, National Day, Women’s Day, Teachers’ Day, Christmas, Easter, Dragon Boat Festival, Moon Festival, Lantern Festival, Thanksgiving, Halloween, Earth Day, Tree Planting Day,方位词in, on/above, under/below, in front of, behind, on the left, on the right, across from, next to, between, on ,the corner, near, beside,代词。

transport第一句名词，第二句动词。

翻译。

ransportation主要指概念上的运输，不可数；port具体的运输交通工具，可数。

prefer可以把rather than do 提到句首。

disadvantagedis- dislike disagree disappear dispeace distrusflowflow into 流入a flow of traffic车水马龙ever since动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay非：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrivepersuade 和advise/suggestadvise与suggest表示动作，说而不服或劝而不服。

（=try to persuade）persuade表示结果，是“成功地劝说，说服”的意思。

persuasive adj. 有说服力的cyclecyclist n.骑自行车的人graduate从……毕业后/毕业于什么学校After graduating from/one's graduation from…graduate in ...毕业于什么专业graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼finally和at last比不带感情色彩we all go away in the end.我们最终都会死去。

fondbe fond of 喜爱……stubbornstubborner stubbornest stubbornnessorginazeorganization 组织；团体detailin detail详细地determine二者都表示“决定（干某事）”，但determine强调动作；be determined表示状态。

Vocabulary Section 1注意：1-43题缺页44. d 不可抗拒的，有引诱力的45. b 艰难，劳苦46. c 退化，降级47. s 损耗，用尽48. b 关键，关键性人物（或事物）49. c 同义的50. d 宽宏大量，慷慨给予51. c 包围，围困besiege围困，包围52. d 命令decree颁布政令（法令）53. a 提高，升高enhance增强，提高54. c 令人鼓舞的exhilarating令人振奋的，令人高兴的55. d 不知道的，没觉察到的oblivious遗忘的，忘却的56. a 美丽的gorgeous华丽的，美丽的57. b 妨碍．打扰impede妨碍，阻碍58. a 缺乏的不足的meager贫乏的，不足的59. d 屈服，让步succumb屈服，屈从60. c 充分的，足够的ample充足的，丰富的61. d 无效repealed废止，撤销62. a 矛盾地paradoxically自相矛盾地63. b 奇特的，古怪的bizarre奇异的64. c 任意的，随便的haphazard随意的，偶然任意的65. c 危及jeopardize危害66. a 动机impetus推动力．促进67. b 离散，分散diffuse散布，使分散68. d 违反，冒犯infringe破坏，侵犯，违反69. c 即将来临的，逼近的impending迫近70. a 假定，设想hypothesis假设71. b 苦恼，极大的痛苦anguish痛苦，苦恼72. d 敌人adversary敌手，对手73. d 彻底搜查ransack搜查74. a 描述，描写depict描述，描写75. a 品种．种类species种类76. a vt.证实，确证77. b n.资料，材料；论据78. c 1.近视的2.缺乏判断力的79. b 格言（似）的，警句（似）的80. c 粗略地；疏忽地81. a 把…归因（于）；把…归属（于）82. b 本身的；本质的；固有的；内在83. d 非正统的；异端的84. a a. 缄默的，不说话的85. d 敌手；敌人；对手86. b 非正规的讨论会；非正式的学术报告会87. d 过分注意小事的；不重要的；微不足道的88. a 颠倒；曲解，反常；89. c 使苦恼；烦忧；折磨90. c 同伴；支持者；共谋人91. a 混杂物92. c 一致意见93. b 意志94. a 无情的；严厉的；残忍的95. d 对…负有义务96. a 不受影响的；不为所动的97. b 发表；表达98. c 达到最高点；达到高潮99. d 交战国100. d 由……决定101. c 无性的，无性生殖的102. d 巨大的；庞大的103. b purchase购买;procurement采购:arms procurement武器采购;commercial procurement商业采购104. a consonant with=in agreement with协调的，一致的105. b spunky adj.【口】有胆量的，勇气倍增106. a entrepreneur［法］企业家107. c lucre钱财，收益，=profit108. b crunch，咬嚼声；嘎吱声（credit) crunch信贷紧缩109. b laxness, lax adj.松的,松懈的，不严格的松弛的; slackness, slack adj. 松弛的，不流畅的，疏忽的，软弱的110. c flagrant adj.非常的,公然的；overt adj.明显的，公然的111. c Gospel福音；从上下文中可以看出，这里指的是Gospel music.112. b groupie流行乐队迷，想与流行乐队成员发生性关系的少女113. a litany连祷，冗长而枯燥的故事或陈述114. d （使）烦恼，（使）焦急; purgatory涤罪，炼狱,受苦受难的地方115. b peripatetic走来走去的,游历;shuttle diplomacy穿梭外交116. b hooligan n. 流氓；歹徒；恶棍；gangster n. 歹徒，士匪，强盗117. a teetotaler n.绝对禁酒者．禁酒主义者，滴酒不沾的人118. c chic adj.别致的；n.别致的款式（尤指妇女的服饰）119. b adroit adj.熟练的，机捷的；dexterous adj.灵巧的；敏捷的120. d riffraff n.地痞；流氓，<贬>乌合之众，群氓，<方>渣滓；scum n.泡沫，浮渣，社会渣滓；无用之人121. d cyberspace n.虚拟空间：网络空间122. c whipping boy here means scapegoat,替罪羊in Chinese.123. b piddling is equal to trivial in meaning; both are adjectives and mean不重要的，微不足道的in Chinese.124. a mammoth n.［古生］猛码，毛象，庞然大物；behemoth n.［圣经」河马，巨兽，庞然大物125. a euthanasia n.安乐死; euthanasia is almost the same in meaning with mercy-killing126. a perverted 误用的；被破坏的127. c aggregated聚合的；合计的128. b impinge损坏：撞击infringe破坏；侵犯129. c incursion袭击；侵人130. d albatross沉重负担131. a kindle引起；激起132. c overrate对……估价过高133. b priggishly自命不凡地，arrogantly傲慢地134. b affinity密切关系135. c hodgepodge混合物；大杂烩jumble混乱136. a grim严厉的；冷酷的stern:严厉的；苛刻的137. c haphazard随便的；偶然的138. b resurgence:苏醒；复活139. d impervious:不受影响的；不为所动的140. b animosities:憎恶；仇视141. a latifundio领地；大庄园142. c oligarchy寡头政治despotism专制143. b entrenched牢固的树立；扎根于144. a heathen异教徒pagan异教徒145. d affiliations关系；联盟146. d inextricably不可避免地147. a obliterated毁灭；除去148. b renascence再生；新生149. d exhortation主张；倡议150. d mitigate缓和；减轻mollify缓和；平息Vocabulary Section 21. a count on：指望2. a out of the question：impossible。

vocabulary的音标：英音 [ və'kæbjuləri ]；美音 [ və'kæbjuləri ]vocabulary的意思是：可数名词讲解：1.（语言、个人、行业或知识领域等所使用的）词汇（量）2.（外语教科书等书后通常按词序排列并注释义的）词汇表，词汇汇编3.【喻】词汇；词表词形变化：复数：vocabularies。

同义词：lexicon，mental lexicon。

单词分析：这些名词均有“文字，词，语言”之意。

word：普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。

vocabulary：集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。

language：普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。

term：指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。

lexicon：指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。

vocabulary的英语解释：the system of techniques or symbols serving as a means of expression (as in arts or crafts) a listing of the words used in some enterprisea language user's knowledge of words相关短语：vocabulary entry n. 词条controlled vocabulary 可控制词表，规范化词表nonterminal vocabulary 非终结符号表pre-coordinate vocabulary 先组式词表sophisticated vocabulary 复杂指令集，精细词汇表specialized vocabulary 专业词汇vocabulary equivalence declaration 词汇表等价说明vocabulary growth 词汇的增长vocabulary of terms 名词术语vocabulary test 词汇测验vocabulary的例句：This would dissolve a vocabulary into an infinite number of nonce words这将使一张词汇表分解成无数临时的词。

VocabularyVOCABULARYUNIT 11.pose: 姿势，姿态I like the photo very much as it is the only photo that shows me in a naturalrelaxed pose.2.curse:诅咒，咒语Loneliness in old age is the curse of modern society.3.clutch:抓住，紧握She clutched her purse tightly, threading her way through the throng.4.sneak:鬼鬼祟祟做事，偷偷摸摸，溜The special agent(特工)sneaked past the guard and entered the building through the back door.5.shackle:束缚，桎梏It is extremely hard to break the shackles of convention.6.deliberation:审议，考虑，从容，熟思After long deliberation, she decided to turn down the job offer.7.preoccupation:全神贯注，入神，当务之急，关注的事物My greatest preoccupation was to accumulate a sufficient amount of money to travel to Europe.8.distress:危难，不幸，贫困，悲痛Her knowledge of the truth of the matter caused her more distress than pleasure.UNIT 21.board:寄宿The old couple plans to board some students from theuniversity.2.classic:名著，经典著作Upper-intermediate English learners are often encouraged to read the classic of English literature.3.conceivably: 令人信服地，可相信地I do not understand how the arranged marriage could conceivably work outin the more traditional societies.4.deceased: 已故的obituary: 讣告We learned about her deceased father by reading his obituary in The Times.5.discreetly: 谨慎地；小心地Not wanting to draw any attention, Roy went discreetly into the lecture hall.6.executive: 经理，行政主管The new business writing course is oriented towards executives and managers who want more individual attention and focused training that will help them write with impact and effectiveness.7.grab: 将…深深吸引The plot of the novel grabs the reader.8.survive: 幸存；生还；幸免于；比...活得长The woman survived her husband by nine years.UNIT 3/doc/1d12295738.html,pact: 紧凑的，紧密的，简洁的It is curious that this compact car should have such plenty of boot space.2.dodge: 躲避，避开In the old days the poverty-stricken travelers were oftencaught dodging fares on the train.3.negotiate: 越过We negotiated our way out of the airport and joined the flow of cars.4.contortion:扭弯，扭歪The children were awed by the exaggerated contortion of the clown’s body.5.notion:概念，见解，打算Could you explain yourself? I’m afraid I have no notion of what you mean.6.undertaking:保证Hosting the Olympic Games has been a massive undertaking to any city.7.debonair:温文尔雅的In her opinion, he will make a perfect husband; he is handsome, debonair, and wealthy.8.thrive:繁荣，兴旺，茁壮成长In spite of all the difficulties, his business continues tothrive.UNIT 41.epitome: 缩影，摘要，象征He is seen as the epitome of the hawkish, right of-of-center intellectual.2.fetish: 迷恋It is believed that North Americans have made a fetish of punctuality.3.flick: 轻弹Mrs. Kennedy flicked the dust away from her purse with a handkerchief. 4.flunk: 失败，放弃，考试不及格The writer recalled that he flunked all his science courses in high school. 5.licentiousness: 放荡，放肆The prime minister hated journalists and did his best to prevent〝the great licentiousness of the press in censuring and reflecting upon all parts of the government.〞6.overshadow: 相形见绌She is often misunderstood for the reason that her competitive nature overshadows the other qualities.7.swill: 痛饮The horseman sat there swilling his gin-and-tonics without a care in the world.8.traipse: 闲逛The international students had to traipse all over Rome to attend lectures.UNIT 51.astound: 使震惊The eruption in May 1980 of Mount ST. Helens, Washington State,astounded the world with its violence.2.falter：支吾，踌躇The soldiers have never faltered in their determination.3.fib: 小谎，撒小谎Clearly either Angelina or Joanna was telling fibs.4.perceive: 察觉，感觉She perceived him as a rather shy man.5.prevarication: 搪塞，支吾All her attempts to question the authorities on the subject have been met by evasion and prevarication.6.supportive：支持的My boss was very supportive and gave me time off work to look after my daughter.7.undermine：破坏The continued fighting threatens to undermine efforts tonegotiate an agreement.8.volunteer：志愿的，志愿者The doctor who had volunteered to settle down in the poor village became the chief fable of the villagers.UNIT 61.aroma: 芳香I love nothing better than the wonderfularoma of freshly baked bread.2.claim:声称An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning＇sbomb attack.3.epic: 史诗，叙事诗The Odyssey is a/an epic of ancient Greece.4.evolve: 发展，逐步形成The amateur acting group eventually evolved into a theatrical company.5.lyrics: 歌词Paul Simon writes the lyrics for most of his own songs.6.pound: 连续重击，猛击Two hurricanes in a month pounded the Caribbean country.7.squalid: 肮脏的，污秽的，卑劣的They were involved in a rather squalid battle as to who controlled the party.8.veritable: 真正的，名副其实的Her garden had become a veritable jungle by the time she came back from holiday.UNIT 71.acquaintance: 熟人；相识；了解I have only some slight acquaintance with your boss.2.creaky: 老朽的Charles Dickens held that the whole legal system in Britain was becoming creakyand inefficient.3.detachment: 分离His air of detachment lost his popularity among his peers.4.giddy: 轻浮的She felt giddyfrom too much accustomed exercises.5.oblige: 施恩惠The spokeswoman has alwaysobligedjournalists with information they want.6.overwhelm: 压倒，淹没，受打击The need to be understood overwhelmed her.7.rapture: 兴高采烈The fact the team won the championship sent its fans intoraptures.8.peer: 凝视，盯着看，窥视Hepeeredthrough the mist, trying to get his bearings.UNIT 81.appall: 使惊骇The number of casualties was appalling high in both wars.2.enmity: 敌意，憎恨There has been a historic enmity between Protestants and Catholics.3.pursue: 继续He said that Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit.4.attainable: 可达到的It is unrealistic to believe that perfection is an attainable goal.5.impartial: 公正的，公平的The minister cannot be impartial in the way a judge wouldbe.6.surpass: 超越，胜过His time for the 100 meterssurpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.7.cease: 停止，结束The hostilities had ceased and normal life was resumed.8.populous: 人口稠密的Indonesia is reported to be the fifth most populous country in the world.UNIT 91.contrive: 发明，设计Have the police contrived ways of handing the situation?2.ecstasy: 狂喜，入迷The cast went in ecstasies when they heard about the Academy A ward nomination.3.elusive: 难捉摸的During the time of economic slowdown, success becomes even more elusive.4.enterprise: 事业，企业Success came quickly, thanks to a mixture of talent, enterprise, and luck. 5.fastidious: 挑剔的，苛求的The old couplewere too fastidious to eat in a fast-food restaurant./doc/1d12295738.html,vish: 丰富的，慷慨给予Many Chinese parents lavish care on their children.7.phenomenal: 显著的，异常的His rise to fame was quite phenomenal in less than eighteen months he was a household name.8.proceed: 开始，继续进行Preparations for the Olympic Games are proceeding rapidly.UNIT 101.arduous: 险峻的The border dispute between the two African countries worsened into a long, arduous, and exhausting war.2.bewilder: 使不知所措Visitors are often bewildered by the maze of streets in Shanghai.3.clutter: 杂乱，混乱The car park will soon be cluttered up with vehicles./doc/1d12295738.html,mit: 使承担义务The young man held his tongue and committed his thoughts to paper only. 5.gusto: 爱好，嗜好The freshmen embrace with gusto their new life on the university campus. 6.humanity: 人类，人道，人文科学The nurses were praised for their standards of humanity and care.7.solitary: 隐士，独居者To our surprise, many of the world’s best athletes are engaged in solitarypursuits such as reading and sewing.8.transaction: 学报His works are characterized by a rich sense of transaction between the writer and the reader.。

U1Switzerland is well-known for its impressive mountainous scenery. 瑞士以其令人印象深刻的山景而闻名。

Views观点Scenes场景Scenery风景Sights风景He has to arrange for the sale of his furniture before he goes aboard.在他上船之前，他必须安排出售他的家具。

Sale出售Sole唯一的Seal密封Sail帆The bank robbers planned to escape in a stolen car银行抢劫犯计划用偷来的汽车逃跑。

Thieves小偷Bandits强盗Burglars窃贼Robbers强盗My aunt wound a brightly-coloured thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment我婶婶用一根颜色鲜艳的线绕在她的手指上，以免忘记她的约会。

Wound 绕Curved弯曲Wounded负伤Bound界As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became visible to the climbers.随着云层飘走，登山者可以看到更高的山峰。

Conspicuous引人注目的Visible可见Obvious明显的Apparent明显的We have a grim future ahead with little comfort , food or hope.我们前途渺茫，没有什么安慰、食物或希望。

Cruel残酷的Grim严峻的Pessimistic悲观Fierce激烈的Prices continued to rise while wages remained low with the result that the Government became increasingly unpopular.物价继续上涨，而工资却保持在低水平，结果政府变得越来越不受欢迎。