最新届高考语法专项-并列句和状语从句
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高考英语语法-并列句和状语从句,题型全覆盖Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1.Lessons can be learned to face the future __though/although__history cannot be changed.解析:对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然;尽管”。
句意为:虽然历史不能被改变,但是可以学习经验来面对未来。
设空处引导让步状语从句,故填though/although。
2.You will never gain success __unless__you are fully devoted to your work.解析:根据句意可知主从句间是条件关系,且对比分析两句话间“主将从现”的时态及主句中的否定词never可知用表条件的unless(if...not)。
句意为:除非你完全投入到你的工作中,否则你永远无法取得成功。
3.He is a shy man,__but__he is not afraid of anything or anyone.解析:but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。
句意:他是个腼腆的人,但他并不怕任何事或任何人。
4.__Once__the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.解析:once一旦。
句意:一旦造成损害,土地要好多年才能恢复。
5.We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it. 解析:本题考查状语从句的连词。
before表示“主句发生在从句之前”。
句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。
6.__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.解析:although/though虽然(表示“虽然”时,不在后面使用连词but,不过有时它可与yet,still,nevertheless等副词连用)。
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十一:并列句与状语从句状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查从句引导词的用法。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题(完形填空)考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If 的选择。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
一、并列句(一) 并列连词①They come from the same country,and they are good friends.②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?规律总结:1.表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而,但是), while(然而)等。
3.表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4.表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句+and/or/otherwise句式①Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed.②Hurry up or we will be late.=If you don't hurry up, we will be late.③A few more efforts and you will succeed.=If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.规律总结:1.祈使句+and+陈述句=If ...,+主句。
并列句和状语从句一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词:and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。
☞He helps me and I help him. 他帮我,我帮他。
both…and:"两个都……",连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。
☞Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.neither…nor: "既不……也不……",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。
连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。
☞Neither he nor I am right.not only…but also: "不仅……而且……",强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。
☞Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.2. 表示选择关系的连词:or:用于否定句中连接并列成分,表示"和,与";用于"祈使句+or+陈述句"中,意为"否则,要不然"。
☞The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk.either…or…:"要么……要么",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。
连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。
☞Either Tom is ing or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
3. 表示转折关系的并列连词4. 表示因果关系的并列连词for :so : 4. when 可作并列连词,意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ be about to do...when...be doing...when...be on the point of doing...when...had just done...when...☞Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
专题十并列句与状语从句并并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
1.转折/对比并列连词连接的并列句常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but, while(而)等。
其中,while连接并列句时,两分句之间是对比关系。
It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨,然而在北方很少下雨。
2.联合并列连词连接的并列句常用的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and, not only ... but (also), neither ...nor等。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确,而且说得更轻松。
3.选择并列连词(or, either ... or, not ...but ...等) 连接的并列句Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留?4.因果并列连词(for, so等)连接的并列句He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了,因为他全身都湿了。
5.特殊并列连词及并列句(1)when可用于并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。
常用于下列句式:①be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事,这时突然……”②be on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事,这时突然……”③be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事,这时突然……”④had done sth. when ...“刚做了某事,这时突然……”He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学,这时突然刮起了大风。
2021届高考二轮英语语法专训11. 并列句和状语从句重点一并列句★★★★★并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点,考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1.and表示顺承以及并列关系,还可以用于固定句式:“祈使句+and+陈述句”。
2.but表示转折关系,不能与although和though连用。
3.so为表示因果关系的连词,一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因,so后面的句子为结果,so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4.or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词,or还可译为“否则”,可用于句型:“祈使句+or+陈述句”。
5.利用连词词组both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6.when/while用作并列连词when和while可做并列连词。
when表示“在那时,此时突然”;while表示“然而,而”,表对比或转折关系。
并列连词when常用于以下句型中:...was/were doing ...when ...……正在做……突然……...was/were about to do ...when ...……刚要做……突然……...was/were on the point of doing ...when ...……刚要做……突然……...had just done ...when ...……刚/一……就……·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.孩子们正在玩耍,这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
·He is strong while his brother is weak.他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
(单句填空)1.(2018·浙江高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup ________ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.答案与解析or句意:对于大多数人来说,少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或者两杯咖啡似乎是安全的。
高中英语语法专题知识点梳理总结与练习(并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)简单句/并列句/复合句根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
一、简单句:简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。
在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心。
简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)这一句型中的的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有宾语,但常带有状语。
The train will leave soon.2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语这一句型中谓语动词是及物动词,它必须带有自己的宾语。
They want to have a rest.As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. 作为一名外向女孩,我和同学们相处的很好。
3.主语+系动词+表语This machine is in good condition.这台机器状况良好The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。
一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。
该句型中常见谓语动词有:give, bring(带给某人某物), tell, send(送给某人某物),pass(递给某人某物),show(给某人看某物),etc.She brought me a shirt.Pass him the dictionary, please.5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语该句型中谓语动词为及物动词,它后面跟了个复合宾语结构(即宾语+宾语补足语),宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况,直接跟在宾语后面。
在这一结构中,宾补与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。
高考英语专题语法训练——并列句和状语从句专题3并列句和状语从句考向1并列句中的并列连词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.It was time for her to have a new baby,and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016·四川) 解析句意为:是时候再生一个孩子了,熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。
It was time for...和it was also time for...之间是并列关系,故用and连接。
2.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)解析a few days和a few months为选择关系,因此要用or连接。
3.We were told that our rooms hadn’t been res erved for that week,but for the week after.(2014·广东) 解析not...but...为固定结构,表示“不是……而是……”。
4.So Nick called to his son,“Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much nor too little.”(2013·广东)解析neither...nor...既不……也不……,为固定搭配。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders,sobut/yet once I started the car,my mind went blank.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析根据前后句意思可知这里表示转折概念,并非因果,所以把so改为but或yet。
202X年高考英语一轮复习语法专题并列句和状语从句一、并列句(Coordination)并列句是由两个或多个相互独立的句子通过并列连词(and, but, or, so, yet等)连接而成的句子结构。
并列句常用于表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系等。
1. 表示并列关系- I like to play basketball, and my brother likes to play soccer.(我喜欢打篮球,我弟喜欢踢足球。
)- She is a doctor, but her husband is a lawyer.(她是一名医生,但她丈夫是一名律师。
)- We can go to the park or to the beach.(我们可以去公园或者去海滩。
)2. 表示转折关系- He wanted to go to the movie, but he didn't have enough money.(他想去看电影,但是他没钱。
)- She can be strict sometimes, yet she is very kind.(她有时候可以很严厉,然而她非常善良。
)第1页/共4页3. 表示选择关系- You can have tea or coffee, whichever you prefer.(你可以喝茶或者咖啡,无论你喜欢哪个。
)- You can either study or relax, it's up to you.(你可以要么学习要么放松,由你决定。
)4. 表示因果关系- He worked hard, so he passed the exam.(他努力学习,所以他通过了考试。
)- She missed the bus, therefore she had to walk home.(她错过了公交车,因此她不得不步行回家。
)二、状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)状语从句是由一个从属连词引导的、在句中充当状语的句子。
专题八并列句和状语从句考点精讲一并列句考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型并列连词并列关系(递进关系) and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等转折或对比关系but,yet,whereas,while等选择关系or,or else,either...or...,not ...but...等因果关系for,so等彼得和汤姆都来自南非。
First,my English is very good and I'm open-minded and warm-hearted,so I'm getting along well with everyone.首先,我的英语很好,而且我性特别向、很热心,因此我和每个人都相处得很好。
He tried hard to catch up with his classmates,but he failed.他尽力赶上同学们,但是失败了。
The children can go with us,or they can stay in.孩子们可以跟我们去,也可以待在家。
He must have been caught in the rain,for he is wet all over.他确定被雨淋了,因为他浑身都湿了。
考点二并列连词构成的常用句型1.and(1)祈使句+and+陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。
Work hard,and you will succeed.(= If you work hard,you will succeed.) 努力学习,你就会胜利。
(2)名词词组+and+陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句,其中常含有more,another等词)。
Another try,and you'll make a success.再试一次,你就会取得胜利。
2018届高考语法专项并列句和状语从句一并列句[典例] time for the young panda to be independent.and 解析:句意:是她要一个新宝宝的时候了,也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。
根据句意可知两个句子为并列关系,故用and 。
单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2015·北京高考单项填空)He is a shy man ,____________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.but 解析:句意:他是一个害羞的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或者任何人。
两个分句之间是转折关系,故填but 。
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ____________ even a few months.or 解析:因为本句是否定句。
这里是两个时间短语表示选择关系,故用or 。
3.(广东高考)Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ____________ too little. nor 解析:neither…nor…为固定搭配,意为“既不……也不……”。
4.(2015·四川高考短文改错)In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’l l lose their friendship.____________________so→but 解析:上一分句意为:我不想再去;下一分句意为:我怕失去他们的友谊;两个分句之间有转折关系,故把so 改成but 。
5.(2016·全国卷乙短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.____________________or→and 解析:句意:每一天他都确保做饭用的是新鲜蔬菜和高质量的油。
根据句意可知fresh vegetables 和high quality oil 之间是并列关系,故用and 。
二 状语从句1.though/although:在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”,但可以与yet或still连用;though与although意义相同,用法基本一样,前者通俗,口语化,后者正式,多放在主句的前面。
◆Though/Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。
2.even if 和even though的意思为“即使,纵使”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。
◆Even if I am very busy, I will give you a hand when you are in trouble.即使我很忙,你处境困难时我也会帮助你。
3.as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语,从句常放在句首,语序部分倒装。
被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。
若表语是单数可数名词,则该名词提前时,省去其前的冠词。
◆Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后,尽管夜晚的空气很热,我们还是因为累睡得很熟。
4.no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how…):no matter…与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,no matter…引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。
◆No matter how busy you are, you should set aside half an hour to take exercise.无论你多么忙,你应该留出半小时锻炼身体。
5.wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever); however。
(1)wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用;(2)wh-ever可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句;no matter…只能引导让步状语从句。
◆Whatever work we do, we should do our best.不管做什么工作,我们都要尽力。
6.whether…or…引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,提供两种对比情况。
◆We’ll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们都要把这件工作做下去。
7.while也可以引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”,一般放在句首。
◆While my mother loves me very much, she is very strict with me.尽管母亲很爱我,但是她对我非常严厉。
[典例] (2015·浙江高考短文改错)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.If→Although/Though解析:从句意思是“当我在那间教室学习时我只是一个孩子”,而主句意思是“我永远不会忘记”,主从句的关系应该是让步,而不是条件。
1.when, while和as的用法如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when, while与as可互换使用。
◆When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我正沿着大街走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
2.before与since的用法(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”。
常用于句型“It will be/was+时间段+before从句”(在……之前还要多久,过了多久才……)。
◆John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”结构。
该句型表示“自从开始(不做)……已经多长时间了”,一般从句的时态用一般过去时,主句中的时态用现在完成时。
◆As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道,清华大学已经建立了100多年了。
3.not…until…表示“直到……才”,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。
◆As far as I know, his mother won’t go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知,他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。
4.as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instan tly: hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情,主句为过去完成时,从句为过去时,hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强,而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
◆Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available.暂时用这个房间,一有空的大房间我们就给你。
5.every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time:在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时或过去将来时,而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。
◆Next time you come here, I will tell you.下次你来的时候,我将告诉你。
[典例] (全国卷Ⅰ)He even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.during→when解析:during是介词,不能引导状语从句,when是连词,可以引导状语从句,从句中的动词既可以是短暂性动词也可以是延续性动词。
此处需要表示时间的连词,所以用when。
1.地点状语从句表示地点、方位,通常由where,wherever引导,可置于句首、句中或句尾。
地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
◆I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大,所以听不清教授在说什么。
◆Where there’s a will, there’s a way.有志者,事竟成。
where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别where引导地点状语从句直接修饰主句的谓语动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面,即此时有明显的地点名词。
◆When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful where you made a mistake.=When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.再次解决这个问题时,你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。