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Argument

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Argument
开头段：
Merely based on the unfounded assumption and dubious evidence, the statement draws the conclusion that ……………. To substantiate the conclusion, the author points out the evidence that…………. In addition, he indicates that…………….. Furthermore, he cites the result of a recent survey in support of this recommendation. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed in the argument. From the logical perspective this argument suffers from N logical flaws.
结尾段
To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate his claim that………………, because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make the argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more information with regard to……….. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that ……………….. Therefore, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more thorough and logically accepted.
时序性因果/同时性因果
The argument commits a logic fallacy of “after this（at the same time）and therefore because of this”. In no case can the mere fact that……………… be cited as evidence to support the assumption that there is a causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover, that just because B can be statistically correlated with A does not necessarily mean that A is the cause of B. In fact, the author has obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such as…., or ….may contribute to a certain extent to B. It may be only a coincidence that …… Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to…, this assumption in question cannot be accepted.
因果关系倒置
It is possible that the author has confused the cause with the effect. Perhaps A was a response to B. since the author fails to account for this possibility, the claim that A is the cause of B is completely unwarranted.
错误类比
The argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy. The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects, and the author assumes without justification that all things are equal, and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. No evidence is provided to support this assumption. However there are all kinds of important differences between A and B making the analogy less valid. For example, A…………., however, B………….. Thus lacking this assumption, the conclusion that…….is entirely unfounded.
非此即彼错误
The author unfairly assumes that a reader must make an either-or choice. However, the argument fails to rule out the possibility that adjusting A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only causes of the problem, then the most effective solution might include a combination of other factors—such as C and D. In any event, the author provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice imposed on the reader.。

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Argument模板

Argument模板

argument终级模板:一般的argument都会包含的错误有:o将现在的情况跟几年前的情况作类比/对比;o不同地区间类比.o一份不详实,不可靠的调查,或研究,或数据.o提供的证据不足以支持观点.举例:the case of… adds great weight to this reasoning/a cogent example is that…如果:unless/provided that…假设:suppose that…比较:similarly, likewise, on the contrary总结:as indicated above, to put it briefly让步:indeed, nevertheless, although, despite of, it is true that…目的:for fear that, in order to因果:for the reason, thus, consequently, thereby两个城市的不同之处:o城市规模size,o通信系统communication systemo水与电力供给线water and power lineso公共基础设施public infrastructure.o人口population, 人口消费能力,消费习惯,o交通traffico运输transportation systemo商业贸易commercial tradeo政策policy m ade by governor/decision-m aker人与人之间的不同:o生活方式life styleo性别差异gender diversityo健康状况healtho职业occupationo年龄ageo个人爱好hobbyo性格character影响健康的因素o饮食dieto卫生sanitationo生活方式lifestyleo年龄ageo运动exerciseo生活环境living environmento体质physical condition影响特定地区经济的因素:o市场local econom ic m arketo政府财政状况government financeo服务及设施service, public infrastructureo环境气候climateo通货膨胀inflationo整体经济趋势general economic tendencyo投资invest m ent影响产品利润的因素:o从产品本身来说:•成本:cost•产品质量:quality•种类:category•销售额:saleo从客户来说:•客户满意度custom er satisfactiono从经营者来说:•广告:advertisement•经营策略business strategyo从整个经济形势来说:•整体经济趋势general economic tendency•通货膨胀inflation•市场local econom ic m arket•当地经济政策local economic policy m ade bygovernor/decision-m aker结论型开头：This argument concludes that ……… To bolster this assertion the argument’s proponent cites a study involving a group of(with respect to)/the fact that …… , along with the fact that …….. However, the argument relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands.建议型开头：In this xxx the author recommends that in order to ……… To support this recommendation the mayor points out that……… As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unpersuasive.To begin with…Next,Additionally,Finally,地域差异：in asserting that the same phenomenon that caused xxxx in A would cause a similar xxx in B, the author relies on what might amount to an unfair analogy between B and A. Perhaps ………………. Without accounting for such differences, any analogy between the two xxx is meaningless, and any conclusion based on that analogy is unjustified.过去的情况现在不一定成立：the author’s inference that the facts which were effective in the past will also be effective in the future rests on the poor assumption that during the last xxx years all conditions upon which their effectiveness have remained unchanged. Perhaps …………………Unless the author can convince me that these scenarios are unlikely I cannot accept the author’s recommendation that xxxxxx.关于调查数据：the author provides no assurances that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable. Unless the survey’s respondents are representative of the overall population of xxxx, the author cannot rely on it topredict ……. For all we know ………………; for that matter, perhaps the number of respondents was too low to ensure that they are typical of xxxx.If the questions were not leading or if the survey relied on self reports, the results might be unreliable -- people might just respond with the expected answers. Therefore, until these questions are answered, it is impossible to assess the validity and reliability of the survey.其他可能：the article fails to consider any other course of action that might help xxxxx do xxxxxxx. In short, without weighing the proposal against alternatives, the article’s claim that the论者没有为...提供任何信息the argument unfairly assumes that xxxxxx. The author provides no evidence that this is the case. Lacking such evidence it is entirely possible that xxxxxx. In short, without better evidence that xxxxx, the author cannot rely on it to draw any firm conclusions about xxxxxxx.以全概偏：the nationwide study showing that xxxxx would lend support to the author’s claim only if xxxx typify xxxx nationwide. However, the author provides no credible evidence that以偏概全：the author assumes that xxx’s xxx reflects those throughout xxx. However, the author provides no evidence that this is the case.虚假因果：the author fails to account for other possible causes of xxx. Xxxxxxxxx. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for xxx, the author cannot reasonably infer based on xxx.虚假比较：it is unfair to infer based solely on the comparison between A and B that A is better than B. The inference relies on the poor assumption that the comparative quality of two xxx, rather than some other phenomenon, was responsible for the comparative condition of the two xxx. Perhaps ……. In short, without showing that all other conditions in the two areas have been essentially the same, the author cannot convince me that ………..结尾：In conclusion, the xxx’s author fails to adequately support the recommendation that ……… To strengthen the argument, the author must provide dear evidence that ………. To better evaluate the argument, I would need information comparing/about …….分段结尾：Since the author has not accounted for these possibilities, the editorial’s recommendation cannot be taken seriously.Without providing further market information, it is difficult to assess the merit of the recommendation.。

2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析.doc

2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析.doc

2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析argument的中文意思名词1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点3.不可数名词：辩论单词分析这组名词均有“争执、不和”之意。

controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。

argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。

conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。

debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。

dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。

quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。

strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。

英语解释a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreementa fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is truea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposala variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variablea summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie例句Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `I am older than you, and must know better'你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。

单词argument是什么意思

单词argument是什么意思

单词argument是什么意思单词argument是什么意思argument是很常用的一个单词，我们一定要知道它详细的中文意思。

下文是店铺为大家准备了英文单词argument包含的汉语意思，希望能对大家有所帮助!argument的意思英 [ˈɑ:gjumənt] 美 [ˈɑ:rgjumənt]第三人称复数：arguments名词论据; 争论，争吵; [数]幅角; 主题，情节相关例句名词1. He went over line after line of wise argument.他浏览了一行行高明的论证。

2. We must settle this by argument not by fighting.我们应当用说服而不是用打架来解决问题。

3. The argument among the two parties was blown up by the press.双方的'争论被新闻界夸大了。

4. I accepted his argument that taxation should be increased.我接受了他提出的应该增税的论点。

5. There are many arguments against smoking.有许多理由反对吸烟。

argument的词典解释1. 理由;论据;论点An argument is a statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct.e.g. There's a strong argument for lowering the price...有充分理由要求降低价格。

e.g. The doctors have set out their arguments against the proposals...医生们已经陈述了他们反对这些提案的理由。

argument入门

argument入门

猴哥 ARGUMENT写作快速入门第一节 ARGUMENT 写作特点Argument主要是要找到原文论断的逻辑错误（漏洞），然后，通过说出其它可能性，来攻击这些逻辑漏洞。

典型的论点：A地区（物种、人物）做了什么事情，得出一个结果。

B地区（物种、人物）如果也这样做，也可以得出这个结果。

ARGUMENT要求找到逻辑漏洞后，还要进行有根据的论证。

第二节 ARGUMENT模板第一段：1、归纳论点2、说明论点有问题。

3、准备发起进攻第二段：攻击论据（论据本身不成立）A有这样的结果，不一定是这个事情造成的。

（1、其它原因 2、因果倒置 3、原因的真实性）第三段攻击论证（类比不成立）A和B不同，A发生，B不一定可以发生。

（范围不同、作用程度不同、时间不同、主客观不同：人的主观能力、因果倒置、事物与外界联系、不是说的一个事、是否能类比、会不会发生化学反应而改变、偷换概念、饱和度、绝对数量和相对数量、参照物不同、有其他的改变、还需要其他的条件限制或起作用、量够不够、程度）B有自己的特点。

第四段B这样做，似乎是合理的，但是，通过论证，不是这样。

B在做出决定前，应该好好考虑一下其它的情况。

第三节 ARGUMENT主题阅读式备考法范例Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region's highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobile accidents declined slightlyduring the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region's highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville's speed limit to what it was before the increase.翻译：6个月前，Forestville地区提高了本地区公路上的最高时速限制，比原先提高了10公里。