英语专四之比较结构

专四语法考点串讲之四形容词、副词及比较平行结构

一、形容词后置情况总结：

（1）修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时，例：

There is something difficult in this book.

（2）形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例：

This is a student worth of praise.

（3）用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰的作用。例：They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.

（4）形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例：The pipe is twelve feet long.

二、感叹副词what、how之间的区别：what修饰名词或名词短语，how修饰副词或形容词。如：56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? （2012）

A．How strange feelings they are! B．How dare you speak to me like that!

C．What noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!

三、同根副词辨析：

1）hard 努力地hardly几乎2）late晚，迟lately近来

3）most 极，非常mostly 主要地4）wide广阔地widely广泛地

5）deep深，迟deeply抽象意义上的“深”6）near 邻近nearly 几乎

7) express 用快递方式expressly清楚地，明白地8）just恰好，正是justly正义、公正地……详细阅读课本（P276-280）并做P280-281练习题24B。

四、比较等级的常见句型：

（1）as+原级+ as（as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+ as），其否定形式为not as/so+原级+ as

（2）比较级+than+比较对象（less+原级+比较对象）

（3）比较级+and+比较级或more and more +原级

（4）the+比较级…，the+比较级…

（5）the+比较级+of the two

（6）the+最高级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

（7）be one of/among+ the+最高级+复数名词

（8）the last+原级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

五、比较等级的修饰语：

（1）修饰原级：fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。

（2）修饰比较级：much, even, far, rather, still, any, no (而不用very, quite, fairly，Greatly)，a bit, a little,

a head, a great deal. a lot , by far等。

六、如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such；注意：little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。

七、almost与nearly的用法区别：在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。在any, no, none, never 前用almost, 不用nearly。

Eg. I’m not nearly ready. I almost never see her.

八、特殊结构:

1. A is to B what / as X is Y ;

如：53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008)

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. what

2. A+V.+倍数或分数as + adj. / adv. + as +B.

A +V.+倍数或分数+名词of B

如：55. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. (2009)

A. the price of three times

B. three times the price

C. as much as the three times price

D. three times more than the price

64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter’s in Rome.

（2008）

A. /

B. that of

C. which is

D. of

3. major, minor, inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to表示比较;

九、As 的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级

as的用法：

1. 原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ;

Eg: The work is not as difficult as you think.

Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as those outside the pinelands.

2. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as可引导非限制性从句，常带有‘正如’。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health.

As is known, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

3. 尽管，虽说(引起让步状语从句)

Eg. Intelligent as she was, she had not much insight.尽管她很聪明，但她没眼力。

4. As much as 达到（和）……（一样）的程度

5. as (so) far as 就……而论，据……(引导方式状语从句)

6. So as to 为的是，以便

7. Such as to 以致

53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）

A. so as to

B. such as to

C. such to

D. as much as to

8. as (so) long as 只要(=only if 引导条件状语从句)

9. as soon as 一…就(引导时间状语从句)

10. as well (as) 也，以及，还；和；不仅(连接并列成分或从句)

11. n o such…as没有这样一个…

60. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. （2006）

A) no such a B) not such C) not such a D) no such

12. as much of … as 正如…一样

64. It was we had hoped. （2006）

A) more a success than B) a success more than

C) as much of a success as D) a success as much as

13. so much as用在否定句中：与其说，不如说

41. The trumpet player was certainly loud. but I wasn’t bothered by his loudness his lack of talent. （2004）

A. so much as

B. rather than

C. as D than

55. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (2015，2011.57，2007.57, 1999. 45)

A. but

B. nor

C. like

D. as