专业英语-太阳能电池

太阳能电池行业英语词汇A,Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorphous silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁到导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。

Absorptions coefficient, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。

交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。

不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。

以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。

AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。

当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。

amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。

Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。

Anode, 阳极, 正极.BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值. Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义. Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.CCadmium-Tellurium, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。

太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母AAA, Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorph silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于到禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。

Absorptions coefficien t, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。

交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。

不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。

以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。

AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。

当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。

amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。

Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。

Anode, 阳极, 正极.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值.Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义.Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母CCadmium-Tellurid, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。

新能源方面的英语以下是一些新能源行业的英语单词汇总：1.renewable energy：可再生能源2.solar energy：太阳能3.wind energy：风能4.hydroelectricity：水力发电5.biomass energy：生物质能源6.geothermal energy：地热能7.ocean energy：海洋能8.nuclear energy：核能9.green energy：绿色能源10.clean energy：清洁能源11.energy storage：能源储存12.smart grid：智能电网13.grid-connected power station：并网电站14.off-grid power station：离网电站15.independent power system：独立电力系统16.photovoltaic (PV) cell：光伏电池17.wind turbine：风力涡轮机18.tidal turbine：潮汐涡轮机19.wave energy converter：波浪能转换器20.fuel cell：燃料电池21.hydrogen fuel cell：氢燃料电池22.direct current (DC) motor：直流电机23.alternating current (AC) motor：交流电机24.supercapacitor：超级电容器25.lithium-ion battery：锂离子电池26.lead-acid battery：铅酸电池27.nanomaterials：纳米材料28.smart meter：智能电表29.efficiency：效率30.conversion efficiency：转换效率。

AC交流电Alternating currentAmorphous silicon solar cell 非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-film solar cells are usually produced by evaporating several semi-conductor films onto a so-called "substrate"Ampère 安培Unit indicating the strength of electric currentAssembling system 集成系统System to install solar modules on roofs, façades or in the field.Azimuth angle 方位角Describes the deviation from the South towards East-western directionBuilding-integrated PV (BIPV)Used to describe a structure where PV replaces conventional materials and is integrated into the building. Typically, a photovoltaic array is incorporated into the roof or walls of a building. Roof tiles with integrated PV cells can now be purchased. Arrays can also be retrofitted into existing buildings; in this case they are usually fitted on top of the existing roof structure. Alternatively, an array can be located separately from the building but connected by cable to supply power for the building.By-pass diode 旁路二极管Conducts the electricity automatically past a module in case it is shadowed in one series. This is supposed to prevent any destruction due to overheating.Circuit 电路A system of conductors that convey electricity.CdTe solar cell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-film solar cell made of very thin CdTe semi-conductor films (< 3 microns)CIS solar cellThin-film solar cell made of several films of differently doped copper-indium-diselenideCircuit breaker 断路开关A safety device that shuts off power when it senses too much current.Combiner box 和路箱Where the electrical wiring from the PV modules is joined together in parallel to combine electrical currents.Conductor 导体A material that is used to convey electricity, i.e. wires.Conversion efficiency 转换效率The percentage of electricity that is created by a solar cell as compared to the amount of energy needed to generate that electricity.Current 电流The flow of electricity between two points. Measured in amps.DC 直流电Direct currentEnergetic amortization period 能量偿还期Period of time a photovoltaic system requires to produce the energy required for production. Efficiency 功率The ratio of output energy to input energy.Electrical grid 电网A large distribution network that delivers electricity over a wide area.Electrode 电极A conductor used to lead current into or out of a nonmetallic part of a circuit.Energy 能量Usable power. Measured in kWh.Energy audit 能量审核A process that determines how much energy you use in your house or apartment.Energy yield 能量输出Electric energy indicated in kWh yielded by a photovoltaic systemENSEquipment to control the grid with attributed all-pole control element in series. The ENS includes a redundant voltage and frequency control of the electricity grid and evaluates any leaps ascertained in the grid impedance. If the set limits are exceeded, the ENS will switch off the inverter. When the line voltage is re-established, the inverter will restart operation automatically. European efficiency rateWeighted efficiency rate is calculated by weighting different partial load efficiency rates and the full-load efficiency rate in line with the frequency of their appearance.Facade system 正面系统Photovoltaic system installed on the facade of a building or an integral part of a facade.Feed-in meter 输入计Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy into the public power grid (unit in kWh) Mismatching interconnection of better and worse modules in one string as a consequence of which the worst module of one series determines the electricity.Field system 野外系统Photovoltaic system installed in a fieldFlat-roof system 平台屋顶系统Photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof.Fossil fuels 矿物燃料Fuels that are formed underground from the remains of dead plants and animals. i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal are fossil fuels.Global radiation 总辐射Sum of diffuse, direct and reflected solar radiation onto a horizontal surface.Greenhouse effect 温室效应When heat from the sun becomes trapped in the Earth's atmosphere due to certain gases. Greenhouse gases 温室气体The gases responsible for trapping heat from the sun within the Earth's atmosphere. i.e. water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.Grid 电网A distribution network, including towers, poles, and wires that a utility uses to deliver electricity. Grid-connected PV system 并网光伏系统When the electricity grid is available but electricity from a clean source (solar) is desired, solar panels can be connected to the grid. Provided that sufficient panels are placed, the appliances inthe house/building will then run on solar electricity. A grid-connected solar electricity system basically consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter, cables, the electric load and a support structure to mount the solar panels.Hertz (HZ) 赫兹The frequency of electrical current described in cycles per second, i.e. Appliances in the United States use 60 HZ.Inverter 逆变器Converts the DC output of the PV system into usable AC output that can be fed directly into the building load.Irradiance 辐照度the amount of solar energy that strikes a surface during a specific time period. Measured in kilowatts.I-V curve IV曲线A graph that plots the current versus the voltage from the solar cell as the electrical load (or resistance) is increased from short circuit (no load) to open circuit (maximum voltage). The shape of the curve characterizing cell performance. Three important points on the IV curve are the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak or maximum power (operating) point. Junction box The point on a solar module where it connects, or is strung, to other solar modules. In-roof installation 镶嵌屋顶系统Photovoltaic system which is integrated into the roof claddingIsland system 独立系统Grid-independent power supply systemkWh – kilowatt hourUnit indicating energy/work and corresponding with the performance of one kilowatt during a period of one hourkWp - Kilowatt peakUnit indicating the maximum performance under standard test concitions (STC)Load 负载The amount of electrical demand used in the building at any given time.Mono-crystalline silicon solar cell 单晶硅太阳能系统Basic raw material is a monocrystal drawn from melted silicon.Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池Basic raw material is solar silicon cast in blocks.National Electrical Code (NEC) 国家电气代码The U.S. minimum inspection requirements for all types of electrical installations, including solar systems.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 国家电力生产商协会The U.S. trade association that develops standards for the electrical manufacturing industry. NREL The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 国家可再生能源实验室A national lab that concentrates on studying and developing renewable energy sources.Open circuit voltage 开路电压Maximum voltage in an electric circuit which is generated when the electricity I equals zero (depending on termperature).Performance guarantee 性能质保Extended guarantee of the module producer for the performance of the solar modules. Performance tolerance 性能公差Tolerance stated by the producer with regards to the nominal power.Poly-cristalline solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池See multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.PSC 电力供应公司Power supply companies.Peak load 最大负荷The largest amount of electricity being used at any one point during the day.Photovoltaic (PV) 光伏the conversion of light into electricity. The term "photo" comes from the Greek "phos," meaning light. "V oltaic" is named for Alessandro V olta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity for whom the term "volt" was named. Photovoltaics, then, means "light electricity."Photovoltaic (PV) module 光伏组件A number of photovoltaic cells electrically interconnected and mounted together, usually in a sealed unit of convenient size for shipping, handling and assembling into arrays. The term "module" is often used interchangeably with the term "panel.Photovoltaic array 光伏阵列An interconnected system of solar modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. Photovoltaic cell 光伏电池（格）This is the basic unit of a solar module that collects the sun's energy.Photovoltaic system 光伏系统A complete set of components that converts sunlight into usable electricity.Rectifier 整流器Transforms alternating current into direct currentRoof inclination 屋顶倾斜度Angle of a roof towards the horizontalRated power 额定功率Nominal power output of an inverter; some units cannot produce rated power continuously. Semiconductor A material that has an electrical conductivity in between that of a metal and an insulator. Typical semiconductors for PV cells include silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium elluride.Short-circuit electricity 短路电流Maximum electricity in an electric circuit, which is generated when the voltage U at the terminals equals zero (proportional to solar radiation).Solar generatorSum of solar modules.Specific energy yield 能量生产率（比能率）Electric energy indicated in kWh and yielded by a photovoltaic system divided by the installed performance (kWp).Standard Test Conditions – STC 标准测试条件General conditions under which the perfomance of a solar module is measured in a laboratory. Constant factors for measuring are: Irradiance of 1,000W/m²5f; light spectrum after penetration of 1.5fold density of the atmosphere (AM1,5); temperature of the solar cell 25°C.Supply meter 电源表Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy from the public power grid (unit in kWh) Termperature coefficient 温度系数Indicates to what extent the individual factor changes with the temperature. Temperature-independent factors are voltage, electricity and consequently also performance.Thin-film solar cell 薄膜太能能电池Roughly a hundred times thinner than crystalline cells. Industrial production procedure (evaporation, atomization procedure…) onto the substrate lowers the cost. Doping specific contamination of purest silicon with impurity atoms. In a so-called diffusion procedure, impure atoms (e.g. borum, phosphor), which can give off electrons, are transported below the surface of the wafers.Three-phase voltage control 三相电压控制器Equipment to control the grid. V oltage control of the three phases. If a voltage falls below a stipulated limit, the equipment will be switched off.Tilt angle 倾斜角The angle of inclination of a module measured from the horizontal.Transformer 变压器Used to step up or down the voltage emerging from the inverter to match the required voltage of the onsite load or the utility interconnection.V olt 伏特Unit indicating the voltage.Watt 瓦特Unit indicating the performance.WhUnit indicating the watthour.WpUnit indicating the wattpeak.。

太阳能电池英语单词Solar Cells: The Heart of Photovoltaic Energy Generation.Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy. They are the fundamental building blocks of solar panels and play a crucial role in harnessing the vast and renewable resource of solar energy. The concept of solar cells dates back to the early 19th century, but it was not until the20th century that significant progress was made in their development and commercialization.Working Principle of Solar Cells.Solar cells work on the photovoltaic effect, a physical process whereby photons from sunlight knock electrons out of their atoms, creating a flow of electricity. This flow of electricity, known as a photocurrent, can be harnessed and used to power electronic devices.The core of a solar cell is typically made up of silicon, a semiconductor material. When sunlight hits the silicon surface, it excites the electrons in the atoms, causing them to jump out of their original orbit and leave behind positively charged atoms, known as holes. These electrons and holes then migrate to different sides of the cell, creating a separation of charges and resulting in a voltage difference, or a potential difference, across the cell.Types of Solar Cells.Solar cells can be classified into several types based on their structure and materials used. Some of the common types include:1. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: These are the most common type of solar cells and are made from silicon wafers. They are further classified into monocrystalline and polycrystalline varieties. Monocrystalline solar cells are made from a single crystal of silicon and have higherefficiency but are more expensive to produce. Polycrystalline solar cells are made from multiple silicon crystals and are less efficient but cheaper to produce.2. Thin-Film Solar Cells: These solar cells are made from very thin layers of semiconducting materials, such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and amorphous silicon. They are less efficient than crystalline silicon solar cells but are cheaper to produce and can be applied to flexible substrates, making them suitable for use in curved surfaces and lightweight applications.3. Multi-junction Solar Cells: These solar cells are composed of multiple layers of semiconducting materials, each optimized to absorb a different part of the solar spectrum. They are typically used in spacecraft and high-efficiency solar power systems where weight and space are limited.4. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): These solar cells use a photosensitive dye to absorb sunlight and convert itinto electricity. They are relatively new and still in the research and development stage but offer the potential for low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion.Applications of Solar Cells.Solar cells have a wide range of applications, from powering small electronic devices to large-scale solar power plants. Some of the common applications include:1. Residential Solar Power Systems: Solar cells can be installed on rooftops or in open spaces to generate electricity for household use. This reduces dependency on grid electricity and can help homeowners save money on their utility bills.2. Utility-Scale Solar Power Plants: Large-scale solar power plants use thousands of solar cells mounted on trackers or fixed mounts to generate electricity for commercial use. These plants can supply power to utilities and distribute it to customers through the electric grid.3. Mobile and Portable Devices: Solar cells are often used to power mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. They can be integrated into the devices themselves or attached as external power packs.4. Spacecraft and Satellites: Solar cells are essential for powering spacecraft and satellites. They provide a reliable and efficient source of electricity in space, where there is no access to fossil fuels or othertraditional power sources.Advantages and Challenges of Solar Cells.Solar cells offer several advantages as a renewable energy source:Renewable and Sustainable: Solar energy is an infinite resource, and solar cells convert it into electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants.Low Maintenance: Solar cells have no moving parts and require minimal maintenance once installed.Scalable: Solar cells can be scaled up or down to meet different power requirements, from small devices to large-scale power plants.However, there are also some challenges and limitations to solar cell technology:Cost: Although solar cell technology has become more affordable in recent years, the initial investment cost can still be high compared to traditional power sources.Efficiency: The efficiency of solar cells, measured as the percentage of sunlight converted into electricity, is still relatively low compared to fossil fuel-based power plants.Weather Dependence: Solar cells rely on sunlight to generate electricity, so their performance can be affected by cloudy or rainy weather.Conclusion.Solar cells are a crucial component of solar energy systems and play a vital role in harnessing the vast potential of solar energy. With continued research and development, solar cell technology is expected to become more efficient, affordable, and widely used, contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.。

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新能源专业英语1.Put the following phrase into English.Unit 11.温室效应the greenhouse effect2.可再生能源renewable energy3.太阳能电池solar cell4.风力发电系统wind turbine system5.核能nuclear energy6.海洋能ocean energyUnit 21.辐射度irradiance2.负载load3.耐候性weather fastness4.光电效应photoelectric effect5.光生伏打效应photovoltaic effectUnit 31.风电场wind farm2.装机容量installed capacity3.涡轮机turbine4.水泵water pumping5.风光互补wind and photovoltaic hybrid power6.混合动力装置hybrid power system7.电网utility grid8.电池batteryUnit 41.热交换器heat exchanger2.核反应堆nuclear reactor3.浓缩铀enriched uranium4.低温冷却水subcooled water5.千瓦kilowatt6.沸水反应堆boiling water reactor7.商用发电站commercial power plant8.快速中子反应堆a fast neutron reactor Unit 51.生物质biomass2.植物vegetation3.肥料manure4.残留物residue5.光合作用photosynthesis6.碳水化合物carbohydrate7.化石燃料fossil fuels8.固定碳carbon fixedUnit 61.万有引力gravitational pull2.潮汐tide3.大陆架continental shelf4.海岸线coastline5.农历lunar6.港湾harbor7.月亮角度正交moon quadrature8.局部共振local resonanceUnit 71.火山爆发volcanic eruption2.放射性衰变radioactive decay3.间歇岩geyser4.注射injection5.水库reservoir6.裂纹crackUnit 81.利用harness2.盐度salinity3.潮汐tide4.动能kinetic energy5.水力发电hydro-electric power6.引力gravitational pull2.Translate the following sentences.Unit 11.Energy is an important material and energy foundation of human survival and development , its plays a vital role in the development of human civilization . New energy usually refers to the new energy technologies based on new development and utilization of energy , including solar , biomass , wind , geothermal , ocean energy and hydrogen etc.能源是人类生存和发展的重要材料和能量基础，它在人类文明的发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。

A1.中文：暗饱和电流英文：Dark Saturation Current解释：没有光照的条件下，将PN结反偏达到饱和时的电流。

降低暗饱和电流利于提高电池品质在以下的理想二极管公式中，I =流过二极管的总电流; I0 = “暗饱和电流”, V = 加在二极管两端的电压B1.中文：包装密度英文：Packing density解释：组件中被太阳能电池覆盖的面积对比于整个组件的面积。

它影响了组件的输出功率及工作温度2.中文：背电场英文：Back Surface Field解释：在电池背面由于重掺杂引起的电场。

该电场会排斥少数载流子以使它们远离高复合率的背表面3.中文：背面反射/底面反射英文：Rear Surface Reflection解释：穿过电池而未被吸收的长波光会被电池背面的金属或染料反射回电池，增大吸收概率4.中文：本底掺杂英文：Background Doping解释：电池衬底的掺杂浓度5.中文：表面制绒英文：Surface Texturing解释：用物理或化学的方法将平滑的硅电池表面变得粗糙，增大光捕获，减小反射6.中文：并网系统英文：Grid-connected Systems解释：并网系统指由光伏组件供电的，接入公用电网的光伏系统。

这类系统无须蓄电池7.中文：薄膜太阳能电池英文：Thin-film Solar Cells解释：薄膜太阳能电池是通过在衬底上镀光伏材料薄层制成的，厚度从几微米到几十微米不等。

成本较低但效率普遍较低8.中文：复合英文：Recommbination解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。

9.中文：表面复合速率英文：Surface Recombination Velocity解释：当少子在表面消失时，由于浓度梯度，少子会从电池体流向表面。

表面复合速度表征表面复合的强弱。

C1.中文：掺杂英文：Doping解释：在本征半导体里加入施主或受主杂质（通常是磷或硼）使半导体内自由载流子浓度变高并使其具有p型或n型半导体的性质2.中文：串联电阻英文：Series Resistance解释：由电池体、电极接触等产生的分压电阻。

A1、absorptions coefficient——吸收系数, 吸收强度（α－吸收系数）2、aperture diameter width——开口直径，指槽式聚光镜抛物槽的开口直径大小3、axis——轴4、azimuth——方位角，方位角又称地平经度(Azimuth (angle)缩写Az)，是在平面上量度物体之间的角度差的方法之一。

是从某点的指北方向线起，依顺时针方向到目标方向线之间的水平夹角。

5、absorptance——吸收率6、assembly——组装7、Alternating current——交流电8、AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。

9、Anneal——退火10、as-built drawing——竣工图B1、bypass valve——旁路阀2、biomass——生物质，太阳能电站混合供电系统中用到的生物质发电技术C1、concentrating Solar Power——聚光式太阳能发电，简称CSP，又叫做STP（Solar Thermal Power）——光热太阳能发电2、concentrator——聚光器或聚光镜3、collector——集热器，直接将太阳能转化为热能，使用高储热的物质诸如水或油等，之后使用热交换器使用所搜集的热量。

是聚光太阳能设备的总称，其中包括，concentrator（聚光镜）和receiver（接收器）.4、collecting loop 集热回路，槽式太阳能集热回路包括两种模式，一种是双回路系统，包括导热油（HTF系统）和（水蒸汽系统），另一种叫DSG系统，直接产生蒸汽系统。

两种系统的区别在于，第一种是由导热油做为热量转换的中间介质，而后者是太阳能直接转化为水蒸气的热能。

第一种系统效率低于第二种，第二种技术对集热管要求较高。

(Skyfuel公司在文件中介绍的便是采用南北向布置的双回路带储能的槽式发电系统。