月大学英语四级真题及答案第三套

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2023年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(三套全)

2023年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(三套全) 一、听力理解第一套第一节(共5小题)1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Turn the television off.B. Turn the volume down.C. Turn the radio on.Answer: B2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the post office.B. At the bank.C. At the hotel.Answer: C3. What does the man imply about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to New York City.B. She needs to find a new job.C. She travels a lot for work.Answer: A4. How long has the man been waiting?A. For an hour.B. For half an hour.C. For ten minutes.Answer: B5. What is the woman doing?A. She is looking for her keys.B. She is waiting for someone to arrive.C. She is talking on the phone.Answer: C第二节(共5小题)6. What is the woman asking the man to do?A. Fix her computer.B. Help her find a job.C. Visit her tomorrow.Answer: A7. What does the man offer to do next?A. Take the woman to the restaurant.B. Prepare dinner for the woman.C. Look for a restaurant on the Internet.Answer: C8. What does the man say abo ut the woman’s computer?A. It can’t be fixed.B. It needs a software update.C. It needs a new battery.Answer: B9. What does the woman suggest doing after dinner?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie at home.C. Go to a movie theater.Answer: B10. How do es the woman feel about the man’s suggestion?A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.Answer: A二、阅读理解第一套An important part of a child’s development is the acquisition of social skills. Social skills help children to interact effectively with others and build healthy relationships. These skills are vital for success in school, work, and life in general.One of the best ways to help children develop social skills is through play. Play allows children to practice andmaster social, emotional, and cognitive skills in a relaxed and enjoyableenvironment. Through play, children learn valuable skills such as cooperation, sharing, problem-solving, and communication.There are different types of play that help in the development of social skills. Cooperative play is when children play and work together towards a common goal. This type of play helps children to learn teamwork and collaboration. Pretend play, on the other hand, allows children to develop empathy and understanding of others’ perspectives. They learn to take on different roles and pretend to be someone else, which helps in developing their social and emotional intelligence. Board games and group activities also promote social interaction and help children learn important skills such as taking turns, following rules, and resolving conflicts in a fair manner.Parents and educators play a crucial role in promoting social skills development. They can create opportunities for play and provide guidance and support. It is important for parents to encourage their children to engage in various types of play and provide them with age-appropriate toys and games. Educators can incorporate play-based learning activities in the classroom to foster social skills development.In conclusion, play is a valuable tool for social skills development. It allows children to practice and master important skills while having fun. Parents and educators should recognize the importance of play and provide opportunities and support for children to engage in different types of play.第二套The concept of time management is essential in today’s fast-paced world. Effective time management helps individuals to prioritize tasks, handle multiple responsibilities, and increase productivity. It allows individuals to make the most out of their time and achieve their goals efficiently.Here are some tips for effective time management:1.Set goals: Identify your long-term and short-termgoals. Break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.This will help you stay focused and motivated.2.Prioritize tasks: Determine which tasks are mostimportant and urgent. Focus on completing these tasks first.3.Create a schedule: Use a planner or online calendarto schedule your tasks and activities. Set deadlines for each task to stay organized and keep track of your progress.4.Avoid multitasking: Multitasking may seem like atime-saving technique, but it can actually decreaseproductivity. Focus on one task at a time and give it yourfull attention.5.Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others.This will free up your time and allow you to focus on more important tasks.6.Take breaks: Schedule regular breaks to rest andrecharge. This will help you maintain focus and preventburnout.7.Avoid procrastination: Procrastination can lead tounnecessary stress and missed deadlines. Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts and tackle them one at a time.8.Learn to say no: Don’t overcommit yourself. Learn tosay no to tasks that are not essential or do not align withyour goals.e technology: Take advantage of technology toolssuch as productivity apps and time tracking apps. Thesecan help you stay organized and manage your time moreeffectively.10.Review and adjust: Regularly review your scheduleand tasks. Adjust as needed to accommodate unexpectedevents or changes in priorities.By implementing these tips, you can improve your time management skills and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.第三套The importance of physical exercise cannot be overstated. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Physical exercise helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system, improve lung function, and increase muscle strength and endurance. It also promotes weight loss and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, andcertain types of cancer. It can also improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.In addition to the physical benefits, exercise is also important for cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular exercise improves memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. It can also enhance creativity and productivity.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but also for children and adolescents. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps to develop healthy bones, muscles, and joints. It improves coordination and balance, and reduces the risk of childhood obesity. It also has a positive impact on academic performance, including improved concentration and focus.There are many different forms of exercise that individuals can choose from, including aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility exercises, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It is important to find a form of exercise that you enjoy and can incorporate into your daily routine.In conclusion, regular physical exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. It has numerous physical and mental health benefits and should be a priority for individuals of all ages. Make exercise a part of your daily routine and reap the rewards of a healthy and active lifestyle.三、写作题目及答案第一套写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:。

2023年12月英语四级真题及答案(第3套)

Part2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第3套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on a campus event that has impressed them most.You are now to write an essay for submission.You will have30 minutes to write the essay.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) 提示：2023年12月四级全国只考两套听力，本套听力内容与第一二套相同，故本套未重复显示。

2021年12月英语四级真题试卷第3套(含答案解析)

大学英语四级考试2021年12月真题（第三套）Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions:Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identiﬁ ed by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The sheets are damp with sweat. You’re cold, but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there’s nothing to be afraid of. But you’re still ﬁ lled with 26 .Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way for dreamers to 27 , or even turn oﬀ , these bad dreams as they happen?Research is 28 , but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be 29 that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the 30 .Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially for kids. Doctors 31 don’t consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can 32 from an unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs.To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by 33 research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent 34 published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people 35 to have diﬀ erent kinds of nightmares at diﬀ erent points during the sleep cycle.A)amount I)mechanicalB)answer J)resultC)avoid K)reviewD)aware L)rigorousE)depart M)tendF)drastically N)timidityG)fear O)typicallyH)limitedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why it matters that teens are reading lessA)Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago. But today’s teens have grownup with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of decades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally diﬀ erent.B) Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift inhow teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens. Digital devices are changing other behaviors, too. More and more, young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engaging in other activities, regardless of the type. Indeed, by 2016, the average American high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages, on social media, and online during their free time. And that covers just three activities, and if other digital media activities were included, that estimate would no doubt rise.C)Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media. Online time has doubled since 2006, andsocial media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day. Meanwhile, time spent playing video games rose from under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average. One out of ten American 8th grade students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or more playing video games. Let me emphasize that this is equal to the time most adults spend per week at work.D)If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give up some otheractivities? Maybe not. Over the years, many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities. Some people, they argue, are just more interested in certain kinds of media and entertainment. Thus, using more of one type of media does not necessarily mean less of the other.E)That may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of peoplewhen time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tells us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past. While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade students used to go to the movies once a month or more, now only about half do this.More and more, watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices. Why is thisa problem? One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social activity. Now, watching movies issomething that most teens do alone. This fits a larger pattern. In another analysis, researchers found that today’s teens go out with their friends much less often than previous generations did.F)But the trends related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time.Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading. In 1980, about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book, newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school. By 2016, only 16 percent did. This is a huge drop and it is important to note that this was not merely a decline in reading paper books, newspapers or magazines. The survey allowed for reading materials on a digital device.G)Indeed, the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in thelast year was one out of three by 2016. That is triple the number from two decades ago. For today’s youth, books, newspapers and magazines have less and less of a presence in their daily lives. Of course, teens are still reading. But they are generally reading short texts. Most of them are not reading long articles or books that explore deep themes and require critical thinking and reﬂ ection. Perhaps not accidentally, in 2016 reading scores were the lowest they have ever been since 1972.H)This might present problems for young people later on. When high school students go on to college, theirpast and current reading habits will inﬂ uence their academic performance. Imagine going from reading texts as short as one or two sentences to trying to read entire books written in complex language and containing sophisticated ideas. Reading and comprehending longer books and chapters takes practice, and American teens are no longer getting that practice.I)So how can this problem be solved? Should parents and teachers take away teens’ smartphones and replacethem with paper books? Probably not. Research has shown that smartphones are currently American teens’ main form of social communication. This means that, without a smartphone, teens are likely to feel isolated from their peers. However, that does not mean teens need to use electronic devices as often as they do now.Data connecting excessive digital media time to mental health issues suggests a limit of two hours a day of free time spent with screens, a restriction that will also allow time for other activities—like going to the movies with friends or reading longer, more complicated texts.J)The latter is especially important. I would argue that of all the changes brought about by the widespread use of digital devices, the huge decline in reading is likely to have the biggest negative impact on today’s teens because reading books and longer articles is one of the best ways to learn critical thinking. It helps people to understand complex issues and to separate fact from ﬁ ction. Thus, deep reading is crucial for being a good citizen, a successful college student and a productive employee. If serious reading dies, a lot will go with it.36. Many years’ surveys reveal that young people in America are going to the cinema much less often than theyused to.37. Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devices rather than readingprinted books.38. The number of senior high schoolers not reading books for pleasure in a year increased three times over 20years.39. Many scholars claim that spending time on electronic devices doesn’t necessarily mean a decrease of time forother activities.40. Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago.41. The author claims that it will be a great loss if we no longer read books and longer articles.42. Over a decade or so, American teens’ social media use shifted from an occasional activity to a routine one.43. A more disturbing trend in America today is that teens are spending far less time reading than around fourdecades ago.44. Some ﬁ ve years ago, high school seniors in America generally spent more than six hours a day on electronicdevices.45. It was found that American youngsters today don’t socialize nearly as much as the earlier generations.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone? While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to oﬀ end anyone, the lack of touching might imply cold attitudes or indiﬀ erence in interpersonal relationships.So, what should we do? The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact. In nonverbal communication terminology (术语)，physical contact and the study of touching are generally referred to as haptics.Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy. They are usually classiﬁ ed into two groups: high-contact and low-contact.Asia and quite surprisingly the United States, Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures. People from the rest of the world, such as Latin America, are considered to be in high-contact cultures, where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness. Despite the classiﬁ cation, there are more complex factors such as relational closeness, gender, age, and context that can aﬀ ect how someone views physical contact.One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing, but it is mostly restricted to friends, close acquaintances and family members. While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form, it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness. However, gender matters more for them because cheek-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men.In contrast, in certain Arabian, African, and Asian countries, men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world. Although men’s touching is more normal in these cultures, physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.These factors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comfortable with tactile(触觉的) communication and physical intimacy. Therefore, if you are someone who loves to show physical aﬀ ection, you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors—just ask for consent beforehand!46. What does the author say in the ﬁ rst paragraph about physical contact?A)Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly important.B)It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it oﬀ ensive.C)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.D)It might prompt diﬀ erent responses from people of diﬀ erent social backgrounds.47. What does physical contact in communication suggest?A)What social class people belong to.C)What family background people come from.B)How civilized the communicators are.D)How close the communicators’ relationships are.48. What do we learn about p eople in high-contact cultures?A)They are sensitive to the way people express their emotions.B)They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.C)They attach great importance to close ties among people.D)They tend to be more open in interpersonal relationships.49. What do we learn about social customs in Arabian countries?A)Men can show friendship in public through physical aﬀ ection.B)Non-traditional romantic relationships are simply unacceptable.C)Physical contact between unfamiliar people is negatively perceived.D)People of diﬀ erent ages and genders show aﬀ ection in diﬀ erent ways.50. What does the author tell us to do concerning tactile communication?A)Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication.C)Pay attention to the diﬀ erences between genders.B)Learn to use appropriate body language ﬁ rst.D)Take other people’s preference into consideration. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.From climate change to the ongoing pandemic (大流行病) and beyond, the issues facing today’s world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology, Paul O’Keefe, found that having a growth mindset (思维倾向) of interest may spark this type of innovation.Professor O’Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold diﬀ erent beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a ﬁ xed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent (与生俱有的) and simply need to be ‘found.’ Building on these ﬁ ndings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university. After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.As Professor O’Keefe pointed out, “This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions. ”The beneﬁ ts of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to diﬀ erent ﬁ elds, and take the initiative to learn new skills.51. What does the author say about the world today?A)It faces problems that are getting more varied and complicated.B)It has done away with many of the traditional ways of thinking.C)It is undergoing radical and profound changes.D)It is witnessing various types of innovations.52. What did Professor O’Keefe ﬁ nd in his earlier studies?A)People’s interests tend to change with age.C)People are divided about the nature of interest.B)People’s interests determine their mindsets.D)People of diﬀ erent ages have diﬀ erent mindsets.53. What is the focus of Professor O’Keefe’s recent research?A)How boundaries can be removed between arts and science disciplines.B)How feasible it is to create new disciplines like computational economics.C)How students in arts and sciences view the two types of mindset of interest.D)How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to cross-disciplinary thinking.54. What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones?A)Hi-tech products are needed in interdisciplinary research.B)Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.C)Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary knowledge.D)Hi-tech products can boost people’s integrative thinking.55. What is the author’s suggestion to those who are seeking employment?A)Learning practical skills.C)Staying safe in the pandemic.B)Broadening their interests.D)Knowing their pressing issues.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.坎儿井（Karez）是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “ With the application of information technology in education, college students can now learn in more diverse and e f icient ways.” You can make statements, give reasons, or cite examples to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsPart Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.American colleges and universities are using 64 percent less coal than they did a decade ago, burning 700,000 tons last year, down from 2 million tons in 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in a report 26 yesterday.All 57 schools that were burning coal in 2008 are using less now, and 20 have 27 coal completely, EIA found.Most universities have turned to natural gas as a 28 , with state funding backing the fuel switch.While academic institutions use less than 0. 1 percent of U.S. coal burned for power, campus coal use has a history dating back to the 1800s when 29 to power was scarce.Many universities still operate their own power plants. The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 encouraged more electricity generation by allowing institutions to sell 30 power to utilities.But EIA noted many coal-fired universities have signed onto the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, which was launched in 2007.About 665 schools are part of the program, which aims to 31 greenhouse gas emissions. Thirty percent of the participants have pledged to be carbon 32 within 20years.The Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which also leads campaigns for universities to withdraw their 33 in coal and other fossil fuels, lists 22 schools that have pledged to move “beyond coal,” includi ngClemson University, Indiana University, Ohio University, Penn State University, the University of Louisville and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.The largest coal use 34 at colleges were in Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Indiana. Indiana’s universities alone cut coal 35 by 81 percent between 2008 and 2015.During the same period, Michigan made an 80 percent cut and Tennessee cut back by 94 percent at state institutions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Classical music aims to evolve, build audiences without alienating old guardA) In 1913, classical music sparked a riot in Paris. Igor Stravinsky was introducing hisrevolutionary “Rite of Spring” ballet to the world, with its discordant melodies and unorthodox choreography (编舞), and the purists in the crowd expressed their disapproval loud and clear. It might have been classical music’s version of the time Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival. “The noise, fighting, and shouting in the audience got so loud,” NPR’s music reporter Miles Hoffff man said of the Stravinsky debut, “that the choreographer had to shout out the numbers to the dancers so that they knew what they were supposed to do.”B) It’s difficult to imagine a similar disturbance occurring today within America’s sacredsymphony halls. In fact, it’s hard to picture any kind of disruptive activity at all (unless someone’s cell phone happens to go off and then you’d better watch your back). A mannerly aura (氛围) hangs over most classical proceedings, and many of the genre’s biggest supporters would have it no other way.C) Today, Western audiences for classical music and opera and ballet are almost always welldressed, older, respectful, achingly silent and often very wealthy (one has to be able to afford most tickets). But as many of America’s most storied “highbrow” ( 高雅的)institutions struggle financially—the Philadelphia Orchestra’s much-publicized rebound from bankruptcy is just one recent example—classical music fans and theorists are wondering how the medium can weave itself into the 21st century’s cultural fabric without sacrificing its integrity.D) For example, should we feel OK “clapping” during classical music events, even if nobodyelse is? Why shouldn’t we cheer for something great, like we do at a rock concert? The Hu f ington Post recently ran a Great Debate on this issue and many commenters came out on the side of silence. “There is no more rewarding experience in life than being part of an audience where everybody is leaning forward in silence, thoroughly carried away by a great performance of a masterpiece,”one commenter wrote. “Why is it so difficult for folks to develop an appreciation and understanding for the mannerisms and traditions of classical music?” asked another.E) The truth is that classical music audiences weren’t always so polite. Robert Greenberg, anaward-winning composer, said that when Beethoven first performed his 7th Symphony, audiences forced the orchestra to perform encores ( 重演) of certain movements immediately, applauding wildly. And in the last few decades, he said, many audiences at opera performances have abandoned pretenses, yelling “Bravo” when they feel lik e it.F) “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with an audience showing their enthusiasm for aproper moment by applauding, showing their joy,” Greenberg said, noting that the stuffiness in concert halls is “one aspect of contemporary concert etiquette”he doesn’t understand. “Instead of waiting half an hour to show enthusiasm, why not show it every eight or nine minutes?”G) Until the rules about behavior and clothing change, it’s hard to imagine multitudes ofyoung people filling concert halls on their own accord. They’re probably more likely to head to Central Park to watch a free performance with a bottle of wine and their friends.“I think anyone should be able to come into a performance dressed any way they like, and be comfortable any way they like, sitting in that seat ready to enjoy themselves,”Greenberg said. “Because it’s enjoyable.”H) Greenberg stressed that he doesn’t want people to start respecting the music less, and he’snot suggesting that we “dumb down” the experience. Rather, it’s about opening up “access.” When operas first instituted subtitles (字幕) during shows, he said, many purists didn’t like the idea, believing that the audience should instead study the works before attending. But now it’s commonplace to find titles on the seatback in front of you—choose a language, sit back, and understand what’s going on.I) Allison Vulgamore, president of the Philadelphia Orchestra, is certainly looking to thefuture. She says certain “classics concerts” dedicated to the old masters will always exist, but not every program has to feature Beethoven and Brahms—or even a stage and seats.“We’re trying to introduce different kinds of concerts in different ways,”she said. “We are an interactive society now, where people like to learn.”J) As the Philadelphia Orchestra rebounds from its financial straits, it is also aiming to experiment, without alienating the loyalists. Vulgamore pointed to Cirque de la Symphonie, a recent offering in which jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and acrobats (杂技演员) interacted with musicians. An upcoming collaboration with New York City’s RidgeTheatre, meanwhile, will feature a “suspended dance installation”and other theatrical elements occurring in conjunction with an orchestral piece.K) The orchestra also continues to offer $25 annual memberships to Philadelphia students, who can buy rush tickets to every concert on the schedule. “Students line up for the concerts they want, and we get roughly 300 or 350 kids a night coming to these. They take any of the open seats available, 5 minutes before the concert starts,” Vulgamore said. “It’s like the running of the bulls, that energy when the doors open.”L) Greenberg thinks that youthful energy needs to be harvested. Conductors don’t have to be arrogant and untouchable—they can be accessible. Perhaps there could even be a “bit of humor”about them, he suggested, and an abandoning of pretension within the high-art institutions themselves. “On one hand, these organizations are all saying the same thing: we want more general audiences, to break down cultural barriers,” he said. “But then they come up with some very snooty (目中无人的) thing that makes you crazy.”M) John Terauds, a critic who has covered Toronto’s classical music scene extensively, also wants to do away with the stuffiness. He suggested that the warmer an audience is, the better the musicians themselves will respond. “But the producer or organizer has to let everyone know it’s OK,” he said. “It’s OK to enjoy y ourself.” At the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, for example, conductor Peter Oundjian often stops between pieces, taking a moment to talk about the composer or the music in a very amiable way. And some nights, Terauds said, “at least a third”of the audience consists of students who have purchased cheaper tickets. On these nights, the energy of the room drastically shifts. It becomes a less intimidating place.N) Back in February, Terauds wrote on his blog about how going to classical performances can be intimidating. Certain people “think they have to dress up,” he wrote. “They think they have to know something about the music before they go. And, I’m sure, sitting in a seat, trembling in fear that this might be the wrong time to applaud, is also one of the factors.”O) Everyone in the classical world agrees on the need for increased “accessibility,”but achieving it is often easier said than done. Nowadays, there are unknown, unorthodox opera singers wowing (博得……的喝彩) viewers on TV programs like “America’s Got Talent”and “The Voice”. What can higher institutions do with any of that? And if they appeal to these outlets, do they risk compromising the integrity or the intelligence of the music?P) Vulgamore seems to understand this. She thinks an organization can have it both ways, claiming the new while keeping the old. And as she reorganizes the Philadelphia Orchestra, she will attempt to do just that. “The world’s most respected musicians brought together as an orchestra will always exist,” she said. “Bu t it’s essential that we be willing to experiment and fail.”36. It was not a rare occurrence that audiences behaved wildly while listening to classical music.37. Some high-art institutions don’t actually mean it when they say they want more general audiences.38. The theatre was in chaos when an unconventional ballet was first put on stage in the capital of France.39. According to one critic, the audience’s warm response would encourage the musicians to do a better job.40. Many commenters argued for the audience enjoying classical music quietly.41. What appears on the seatback screen makes it unnecessary for the audience to study the works beforehand.42. It is generally accepted that there should be no disturbance from the audience during classical music performance.43. Higher institutions will be concerned about compromising the integrity of classical music if they have to resort to the television medium.44. Heavily discounted rush tickets help attract many young students to attend classical concerts.45. The formalities of high-art theatres can intimidate some people attending a performance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes ( 染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, “I hate to stand in long lines” ; they think, “Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!”—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scoredhigh on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30% more likely to have short telomeres.What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.46. What have scientists come to know better today?A) Why people age at different rates.B) How genes influence the aging process.C) How various genes express themselves in aging.D) Why people have long been concerned about aging.47. Why are some lifestyle factors considered extremely important?A) They may shorten the process of cell division.B) They may determine how genes function.C) They may affect the lifespan of telomeres.D) They may account for the stresses on cells.48. What have the author and his colleagues discovered about telomeres?A) Their number affects the growth of cells.B) Their length determines the quality of life.C) Their shortening process can be reversed.D) Their health impacts the division of cells.49. What have scientists learned about cynical hostility?A) It may lead to confrontational thought patterns.B) It may produce an adverse effect on telomeres.C) It may cause people to lose their temper frequently.D) It may stir up agitation among those in long lines.50. What do we learn from the last paragraph about the process of aging?A) It may vary from individual to individual.B) It challenges scientists to explore further.C) It depends on one’s genetic code.D) It may be controlled to a degree.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Scientists have created by accident an enzyme ( 酶) that breaks down plastic drinks bottles. The breakthrough could help solve the global plastic pollution crisis by enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles.。

2023.12四级真题第3套及答案详细解析

P ar t 大学英语四级考试2023年12月真题(第3套)及真题详细解析I W r i t i n g (30 m i nu t e s )D i re c t i o n s : S u pp o se t h e un i v ers i t y n e w s p a p e r i s i n v i t i n g su b m i s s i on s f r o m t h e s t u d e n t s f o r i t s c o m i n ge di t i on o n w h a t i n t h e i r u n i v e rs i t y i m p re sse s t h em m os t . Y o u a r e n o w t o wr i t e a n e ss a yf o r su b m i s s i on .Y o u w i l l h a v e 30 m i n u t e s t o w r i t e t h e e ss a y . Y o u s h o u l d wr i t e a t l e as t 120 w o r d s b u t n o mo r e t h a n 180w o r d s.L i s t e n i n g C o m p re h e ns i o n P ar t I Ⅱ(25 m i n u t e s )特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

R e a d i n g C o m p re h en s i o n P a r t Ⅲ(40 m i n u t es )S e c t i o n A D i rec t i o ns : I n t h i s sec t i o n , t h e r e i s a p a s s a g e w i t h t en b l a n k s . Y o u are re q u i r e d t o se l e c t o n e w or d f o r e a c h b l an k f r om a l i s t o f c h o i c es g i v e n i n a w o r d b a n k f o ll o w i n g t h e p as a g e . R e a d t h e p a ss a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u l l y b e r o r e m a k i n g y o ur c h o i c e s . E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b an k i s i d e n t i i e d b y a l e t t e r P l e as e m a r k t h e c o r r e s p on di n g l e t e r f o r e a c h i t e m o n A n s w e r S h ee t 2 w i t h a s i n g l e li n e t h r o u g h t h e ce n t re . Y o u m a y no t u se a n y o f t h e wor d s i n t h e b a n k m ore t h a n o n ce .W h en p eo p l e s e t o u t t o i m p r o v e t h e i r h e a l t h , t h e y us ua l l y t a k e a f a m ili ar p a t h : s t a r t i n g a h e a l t h y d i e t , g e t t i n g b e t t e r s l ee p , an d d o i n g r e g u l a r e x e rc i s e . E ac h o f t h e s e b e h av i o r s i s i m p o r t an t , o f co urs e , b u t t h e y a l l 26 o n p h y s i c a l h ea l t h —a n d a g r o w i n g b o d y o f r e s e ar c h s u g g e s t s t h a t s oc i a l h e a l t h i s j us t as , i f n o t m o re , i m p o r t an t t o 27 w e l l -b e i n g .O n e r ece n t s t u d y p u b l i s h e d i n t h e j o u m a l P L OS ON E , f o r e x am p l e , f o un d t h a t t h e s t r en g t h o f a p er s o n 's s oc i a l c i r c l e w as a b e t t e r 28_ o f se l f -r e p o r t e d s t r e ss , h a pp i n e ss an d w e l l -b e i n g l e v e l s t h a n fi t n e ss t ra c k e r d a t a o n p h y s i c a l ac t i v i t y , h ear t ra t e an d s l e e p . T h a t fi n di n g s u gg es t s t h a t t h e “29 se l f ” r e p r ese n t e d b y e n d l ess am o un t s o f h ea lth d a t a d o e sn 't t e l l t h e w h o l e 30T h e r e 's a l so a q u a li f e d se l f , w h i c h i s w h o I am , w h a t a r e m y ac t i v i t i es , m y s oc i a l n e t w o r k , an d a l l o f t h e s e i n an y o f t h e s e meas u rem e n t s .as p ec t s ar e n o t 31T hi s id ea i s s u p p o r t e d b y p l e n t y o f 32 r e s e ar c h . S t u di e s h ave s h o w n t h a t s o c i a l su pp o r t -w h e t h er i t c omes 33 a ss o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r m e n t a l an d p h y s i c a l h e a l t h . A r i c h f r o m f r i en d s , f a m i l y m e m b e r s o r a s p o us e -i s s oc i a l l if e , t h e s e s t u d i e s su g g es t , ca n l o we r s t r ess l e ve l s ,i m p r o ve m oo d , e n co u ra g e p os i t i v e h ea l t h b e h a v i o r s a n d d i scou ra g e d a ma g i n g o n es , b oo s t h ea r t h e a l t h a n d i m p r o ve i ll ne ss 34 ra t e s .S oc i a l i s o l a t i o n , m eanw h il e , i s li n k e d t o hi g h er ra t e s o f p h y s i c a l di s e a s e s an d men t a l h ea l t h con d i t i o ns .I t 's a s i g n if i can t p ro bl e m ,35 s i n ce l o n e li n es s i s eme r g i n g as a w i d e s p r e a d p u b l i c h e a l t h p r o b l e m i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s .·2023年12月四级真题(第三套)·19。

2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案(第3套)

2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university canteens should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It hit a bird shortly after takeoff.B) Its crew members went on strike.C) It narrowly escaped a plane crash when turning around.D) Its captain got slightly injured during the forced landing.2. A) Panic.B) Nervous.C) Relieved.D) Contented.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) He is now kept in a secure area.B) He has escaped the zoo once again.C) He has been caught a second time.D) He finally disappeared six days ago.4. A) Squeezed.B) Threatened.C) Disappointed.D) Frustrated.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It is condemned as a crazy idea.B) It is enriching the city’s night life.C) It is questioned by local residents.D) It is giving rise to safety concerns.6. A) Avoid entering one-way streets.B) Ensure the safety of pedestrians.C) Follow all the traffic rules drivers do.D) Give way to automobiles at all times.7. A) To ease the city’s busy traffic.B) To bring new life into the city.C) To add a new means of transport.D) To reduce the city’s air pollution.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Take it seriously.B) Discuss it regularly.C) Make it sound scary.D) Talk about it openly.9. A) By shopping around for the best deals.B) By making abstract sums relevant.C) By citing concrete examples.D) By visiting discount stores.10. A) Paying their kids to help with housework.B) Setting kids a good example by sharing chores.C) Giving kids pocket money according to their needs.D) Urging kids to deposit some of their gift money.11. A) The importance of cutting down family expenses.B) The need to learn important lessons from her elders.C) The delight in seeing their savings grow.D) The necessity of saving into a pension.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He is a successful businessman.B) He reviews books on political affairs.C) He has published a new bestseller.D) He has worked in several banks.13. A) The man’s ideas about education.B) The man’s academic background.C) The man’s attempts at drawing public attention.D) The man’s proposals to solve economic problems.14. A) To reduce students’ financial burden.B) To motivate all students to be successful.C) To give students incentive to excel in economics.D) To provide remedies for students’ poor performance.15. A) Improving school budgeting.B) Increasing tuition fees.C) Seeking donations.D) Raising taxes.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To show his sympathy towards people always being busy.B) To prevent people from complaining about being “busy”.C) To call on busy people to take care of themselves.D) To help busy people to sort out their priorities.17. A) Avoid saying we are busy.B) Reflect on their true purpose.C) Describe our schedule in detail.D) Respond as most busy people do.18. A) To show their achievements resulted from great efforts.B) To prove they stand out as accomplished professionals.C) To cover up their failure to achieve some purpose.D) To tell others a complete lie about their inability.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They will help one reduce fear.B) They should become so popular.C) They will be less challenging after a time.D) They should cover so many different types.20. A) To break one’s ultimate limits.B) To stop being extremely afraid.C) To avoid dangerous mistakes.D) To enjoy the sports to the full.21. A) By allowing our motivation to be at an all-time high.B) By stopping us hurting the same muscles repeatedly.C) By burning as many as 300 calories per hour.D) By enabling us to get an all-over workout.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is natural.B) It is instrumental.C) It is personal.D) It is vital.23. A) To guard against being perceived negatively.B) To prevent themselves from being isolated.C) To conceal personality preferences.D) To maintain workplace harmony.24. A) It helps to enhance team spirit.B) It stimulates innovative ideas.C) It helps to resolve problems.D) It facilitates policy-making.25. A) An innovative mind.B) Corporate culture.C) Mutual trust.D) A healthy mentality.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Over the coming decades, millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence. Despite intensiveacademic____26____on these developments, there has been little study on how workers____27____to being replaced through technology.To find out, business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11 studies and surveys with over 2,000 persons from several countries.The findings show: In principle, most people view itmore____28____when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software. This preference____29____,however, when it refers to people’s own jobs. When that is the case, the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees. In the long term, however, the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce. These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed.The researchers were able to identify the causes behindthese____30____paradoxical results, too: People tendto____31____themselves less with machines than with other people. Consequently, being replaced by a robot or software____32____less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth. This reduced self-threat could even be observed when participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.“Even when unemployment results from the____33____of new technologies, people still judge it in a social context,” says Christoph Fuchs, one of the authors of the study. “It is important to understand these____34____effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize____35____in society.”A) compareB) contradictsC) conventionalD) debateE) disruptionsF) drasticallyG) favorablyH) guaranteeI) introductionJ) modificationsK) posesL) psychologicalM) reactN) reversesO) seeminglySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.No escape as ‘snow day’ becomes ‘e-learning day’A) Certain institutions, such as schools, are likely to close when bad weather, such as snow, flooding or extreme heat or cold, causes travel difficulties, power outages (断供), or otherwise endangers public safety. When snowy weather arrives in the US, it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the “snow day”, when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.B) The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school. Often, the school remains officially open even though busesdo not run and classes are canceled. Severe weather that causes cancellation or delay is more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation. Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall, because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow. In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch or two may render roads unsafe.C) Snow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows, with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing, against a background of joyful pop music. But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada, Georgia and Indiana. This academic year, many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather. They are known as “e-learning days”, which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.D) Teachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students’questions online. A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County, South Carolina, has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure. If it is successful, it could be rolled out across the state.E) But some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by. “When it snows, let the kids enjoy it,” said one commenter. Another said the decision would “ruin school even more”, and someone else called snow days “a fun part of childhood”. But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school. It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition: the “make-up day”, which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weather by working during school holidays.F) Students in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures during Hurricane Florence, which struck in September. Tom Wilson, the superintendent (主管) of Anderson County school district, said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense. He said technology has changed every profession, so it makes sense to use it to “eliminate” make-up days. Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a “great success”. He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons, so it was an “easy decision” to extend this to days when schools are closed. He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow. “Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time,” he said. “Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather.” But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt elearning days.They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy, and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.G) There are also so-called “blizzard bags”, with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snow closure. But Mr. Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement. “I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve,” he said. “You can’t get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that. It’s not going to be as effective.”H) There is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment. In England, there has been a focus on tackling absenteeism (旷课) from school. The Department for Education (DFE) published research in 2016 arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results. Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade, the DFE’s research concluded. This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US, which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.I) The Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snow closures. What caused more disruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather, even though many staff and pupils were absent. But weather can make a difference to school results, according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer. It’s hot weather that has the negative impact. The results of 10 million school students were examined over 13 years and researchers found a “significant” link between years with extremely hot weather and lower results.J) It’s obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education. In cases of extreme weather students don’t always have that option. However, research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised. This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement, or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling. The level of impact on students’ educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.36. There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forces a school closure.37. New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a school closure.38. According to some research, extreme hot weather negatively affectsstudents’ performance.39. There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on “snow days”.40. Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the “snow day” tradition.41. In more northern regions of the US, school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather.42. Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those without permission.43. There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home will suffer.44. In a pilot programme, students are given electronic devices to do assignments when schools are closed.45. A long-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students’ academic performance.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It may sound surprising, but you don’t have to be interested in fashion, or even in history, to enjoy Dress Codes: How the Laws of Fashion Made History. I happen to be interested in both, and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons.Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor, and you probably won’t forget that for even one page. His carefully reasoned arguments, packed with examples, sound almost like reading a court opinion, only maybe wordier. You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again.Ford’s thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them. Through this lens, he shows us that the first laws passed in the 1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics, colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class, who were now able to imitate some of these fashions. The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it.Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status, sex, power, and personality, which, he assumes, influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today. His writing is more than a little dense—dense with research, clauses, and precise adjectives and nouns. But there’s also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing. No one is spared his sharp analysis: not the easy targets of 19th century women’s crippling (伤害身体的）fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts.But the greatest strength of this book (on fashion!) is its intellectual profoundness. Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs, to realize that we almost never do so, to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning, and yet that meaning can and does change all the time. Consider the fact that a 1918 catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color. We believe our thinking today is evolved; Ford shows us it’s not.46. What does the author think of the book Dress Codes: How the Laws of Fashion Made History?A) It is read by people for entirely different reasons.B) It is meant for those interested in fashion history.C) It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.D) It converts fashion into something for deliberation.47. How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era, according to Ford?A) By examining the restraints imposed on it.B) By looking at what the nobility were wearing.C) By glancing at its fabrics, colors and ornaments.D) By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes.48. What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the 1200s?A) To facilitate the rise of the middle class.B) To loosen restrictions on dress codes.C) To help initiate some novel fashions.D) To preserve the status of the nobles.49. What does the author think of Ford’s writing?A) It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different eras.B) It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appeal.C) It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.D) It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.50. What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford’s book?A) Plentiful information.B) Meaningful choices.C) Evolved thinking.D) Intellectual depth.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action. For some of us, persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally. For the rest of us, persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time.Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal.In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but logic and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody onboard with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans.Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to sustain those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength.We persuade and get persuaded every day—we’re either convincing or being convinced. A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.51. What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?A) People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.B) It proves crucial in making others follow one’s course of action.C) It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one’s coworkers.D) People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.52. Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?A) They enable employees to be convinced of their long-term gains.B) They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.C) They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.D) They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.53. What should people do to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace?A) Acquire effective communication skills.B) Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.C) Understand the reason for pursuing their goals.D) Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans.54. When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?A) When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own.B) When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make.C) When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.D) When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.55. Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes?A) To convince employees of the value of collaboration.B) To allow for the preferences of most people of today.C) To improve on traditional organizational structures.D) To adapt to employees’ ever-changing working styles.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语中的“福”字（the character fu）表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥（auspicious）符号之一。

2023年3月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)含答案详解

2023年3月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）答案详解Part I Writing 审题【题目】Suppose you have taken part in a career planning seminar:Write an account of the seminar and summarize what you have learned from it.You will have 30minutes for this task and should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.【分析】这是一篇应用文。

题目要求考生就职业规划研讨会写一篇报告，并总结从中学到了什么。

报告的内容可以包括研讨会的举办时间、地点、主讲人、目的等。

该研讨会与职业规划有关，收获或感受考生可自由发挥。

应用文第1段：描述活动介绍职业规划研讨会的基本信息第2段：分享收获①发现自己的优缺点②找到自己的兴趣所在第3段：总结观点做好未来的职业规划能帮助我们更好地为求职做准备【描述活动】①______organized by ______was successfully held at/in______,with the purpose of ______.由______组织的______在______（地点）成功举办，其目的是______。

②On ______,______gave us a full account of ______.在______（具体的某一天），______给我们详尽地描述了______。

③The aim of ______is to ______,from which we have learned a lot.______的目的是______，从中我们收获颇丰。

【分享收获】①First of all,it is of great necessity for all college students to ______.首先，大学生很有必要______。

2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)

2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)前言2023年6月的大学生英语四级考试即将到来，为了帮助广大考生更好地备战，本文提供了三套2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案。

希望本文可以对考生们的备考提供一定的帮助。

试卷一第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)听力理解部分包含了五个听力材料，每个材料后面有五个问题。

请考生根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。

第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个问题。

请考生根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

第三部分：完型填空(共15小题)完型填空部分包含了一篇短文，短文中有15个空格。

请考生根据上下文选择合适的词语填入空格处。

辨析词义部分包含了10个句子，每个句子中都有一个加下划线的单词，考生需要根据句子的上下文选择最合适的词义。

第五部分：写作(共两个任务)写作部分包含了两个任务，第一个任务是写一篇关于城市交通问题的短文，第二个任务是根据一幅图画写一篇短文。

试卷二第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…试卷三第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)……第四部分：辨析词义(共10小题)…第五部分：写作(共两个任务)…答案及解析试卷一答案及解析听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5. C …阅读理解1.A2.D3.B4.C5. A …完型填空1.C2.A3.B4.D5. C …辨析词义1.B2.A3.C4.D5. B …写作任务一：城市交通问题的短文 (此处省略正文)任务二：根据一幅图画写一篇短文 (此处省略正文)试卷二答案及解析…试卷三答案及解析…注意：本文只是提供了试卷的框架和部分内容，实际的试卷内容和答案需要参考真实的2023年6月大学生英语四级考试。

希望本文可以帮助考生们更好地备考，祝大家顺利通过考试！。

2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)

2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第3套）听力答案：1.A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.2.D) They may be affecting the world’s climate.3.C) To call for a permanent security guard.4.A) It had already taken strong action.5.B) The road was blocked.6.D) A track hit a barrier and overturned.7.B) It was a hard task to removing the spilled substance.8.A) She wanted to save for a new phone.9.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10.B) More non-essential things.11.C) It may lead to excessive spending.12.C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.13.B) Describe the furniture he received.14.A) Correct their mistake.15. с) She apologized to the man once more.16. B) Tidying up one's home.17. A) Things that make one happy.18. C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.20. D) Follow his example.21. C) Sending him had-made bags.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.23. B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.24. C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.25. C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.【写作第3套】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on Online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence "O nline libraries are becoming increasingly popular. "You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Online Libraries Are Becoming Increasingly Popular With the advancement in science and technology, a growing number of citizens and college students are more likely to make use of the online libraries. As far as I am concerned, the primary causes for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.First and foremost, the popularity of the Internet and mobile-phones provides us with such convenient tools that online libraries are available for readers in any time and any places. What’s more, libraries are where pupils, university students and citizens spend many hours in doing homework and researching for their book reports and papers. As a result, online libraries offer abundant information and latest reference materials for them to finish their tasks.As a consequence, it can be said that the quality of the libraries is second only in significance to teachers, so it is crucial for everyone to read intensively and comprehensively. Therefore, I am firmly believing that such a trend will yield positive implications to our society.这次考察的话题与我们的学习生活密切相关，因此，大家可以通过范文，有意识的积累关于图书馆与阅读话题的写作素材。

2023年3月四级真题及答案解析第三套

大学英语四级考试(2023-3-3)PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) (2023年3月大学英语四级考试共考了一套听力，本套真题听力与2023年3月第1套听力相同，故此处不再重复呈现。

)PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) (2023年3月大学英语四级考试共考了一套阅读，本套真题阅读与2023年3月第1套阅读相同，故此处不再重复呈现。

)Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来，越来越多的年轻人喜爱各种形式的自助旅游。

许多自助旅游者选择徒步或骑自行车出游。

他们自己设计路线，自带帐篷、厨具以及其他必备的生活用品。

在旅途中，自助旅游者经常能够发现一些新的美丽景点，但有时也会遇见意想不到的困难或突发事件。

游客在旅行中拥抱自然、欣赏美景，同时也增强了自己克服困难的勇气和野外生存的能力。

17未得到监考教师指令前，不得翻阅该试题册!2023年3月大学英语四级考试答案解析(第3套)PartI Writing【审题提纲】通过审题可知，本次写作要求考生给校报写一篇关于一位著名学者所做讲座的报道，报道中须阐明讲座的主要内容。

题干未明确讲座主题，考生可自由发挥，此处以“大学生如何保持心理健康”为例，供考生参考。

在写作思路方面，可先简单介绍该讲座的相关信息；然后，具体阐述该讲座的主要内容；最后，说明该讲座的意义。

根据行文思路，具体可列如下提纲：第一段：介绍讲座举办的原因、时间、地点、目的等相关信息。

第二段：具体阐述讲座的主要内容——心理健康的定义、保持心理健康的必要性及具体做法。

2022年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes. ) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more. than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A. Give his ankle a good rest.B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular activities.D. Be careful when climbing steps.2. A. On a train.B. On a plane.C. In a theater.D. In a restaurant.3. A. A tragic accident.B. A sad occasion.C. Smith's unusual life story.D. Smith's sleeping problem.4. A. Review the details of all her lessons. 、C. Talk with her about his learning problems,D. Focus on the main points of her lectures.5. A. The man blamed the woman for being careless.B. The man misunderstood the woman's apology.C. The woman offered to pay for the man's coffee.D. The woman spilt coffee on the man's jacket.6. A. Extremely tedious.B. Hard to understand.C. Lacking a good plot.D. Not worth seeing twice.7. A. Attending every lecture.B. Doing lots of homework.C. Reading very exteusively.D. Using test-taking strategies.8. A. The digital TV system will offer different programs.B. He is eager to see what the new system is like.C. He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels.D. The new TV system may not provide anything better. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. A notice by the electricity board.B. Ads promoting electric appliances.C. The description of a thief in disguise.D. A new policy on pensioners' welfare.10. A. Speaking with a proper accent.B. Wearing an official uniform.C. Making friends with them.D. Showing them his ID.11. A. To be on the alert when being followed.B. Not to leave senior citizens alone at home.C. Not to let anyone in without an appointment.D. To watch out for those from the electricity board.12. A. She was robbed near the parking lot.B. All her money in the bank disappeared.C. The pension she had just drawn was stolen.D. She was knocked down in the post office.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. Marketing consultancy.B. Professional accountancy.C. Luxury hotel management.D. Business conference organization.14. A. Having a good knowledge of its customs.B. Knowing some key people in tourism.C. Having been to the country before.D. Being able to speak Japanese.15. A. It will bring her potential into full play.B. It will involve lots of train travel.C. It will enable her to improve her Chinese.D. It will give her more chances to visit Japan.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B., C. and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Part I Directions :Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whethe university canteens should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have 30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.I Listening Comprehension (25minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Over the coming decades,millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence.Despite intensive academic 26_on these developments,there has been little study on how workers 27_to being replaced through technologyTo find out,business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11studies and surveys with over 2,000persons from several countries.The findings show:In principle,most people view it more 28when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software.This preference 29_,however,when it refers to people's own jobs When that is the case,the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees.In the long term,however,the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce.These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed.The researchers were able to identify the causes behind these 30paradoxica results,too:Peopletend to 31_themselves less with machines than with other people.Consequently,being replaced by a robotor so ftware 32less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth.This reduced self-threat could even be observedwhe n participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.“Even when unemployment results from the 33of new technologies,people still judge it in a social context,”says Christoph Fuchs,one of the authors of the study.“It is important to understand these 34effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize 35in society.”19·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·A)compareB)contradictsC)conventionalD)debateE)disruptionsF)drasticallyG)favorablyH)guarantee I)introduction J)modifications K)posesL)psychological M)reactN)reverses O)seeminglySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet2.No escape as'snow day'becomes fe-learning day’A)Certain institutions,such as schools,are likely to close when bad weather,such as snow,flooding or extreme heat or cold,causes travel difficulties,power outages(断供),or otherwise endangers public safety.When snowy weather arrives in the US,it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the“snow day”,when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.B)The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school.Often,the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes arecanceled.Severe weather that causes cancellation or delayis more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation.Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall,because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow.In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch ortwo may render roads unsafe. C)Snow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows,with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing,against a background ofjoyful pop music.But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada,Georgia and Indiana.This academic year,many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather.They are known as “e-learning days”,which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.D)Teachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students'questions online.A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County,South Carolina,has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure.If it is successful,it could be rolled out across the state.E)But some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by.“When it snows,let the kids enjoy it,”said one commenter.Another said the decision would“ruin school even more”,and someone else called snow days“a fun part of childhood”. But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school.It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition:the“make-up day”,which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weatherby working during school holidays.·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·20F)Students in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures duringHurricane Florence,which struck in September.Tom Wilson,the superintendent(主管)of Anderson County school district,said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense.He said technology has changed every profession,so it makes sense to use it to“eliminate”make-up days.Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a“great success”.He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons,so it was an“easy decision”to extend this to days when schools are closed.He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow.“Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time,”he said.“Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather.”But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt e-learning days.They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy,and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.G)There are also so-called“blizzard bags”,with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snowclosure.But Mr Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement.“I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve,”he said.“Youcan't get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that.It's not going to be as effective.”H)There is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment.In England,there hasbeen a focus on tackling absenteeism(旷课)from school.The Department for Education(DFE)published research in2016arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results.Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade,the DFE's research concluded.This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US,which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.I)The Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snowclosures.What caused moredisruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather,even though many staff and pupils were absent.But weather can make a difference to school results,according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer.It's hot weather that has the negative impact.The results of 10million school students were examined over13years and researchers found a“significant”link between years with extremely hotweather and lower results.J)It's obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education.In cases of extreme weather students don't always have that option.However,research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised.This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement,or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling.The level of impact on students'educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.36.There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forcesa school closure.37.New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a schoolclosure38.According to some research,extreme hot weather negatively affects students'performance.39.There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on“snow days”.21·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·40.Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the“snowday”tradition.41.In more northern regions of the US,school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather.42.Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those withoutpermission.43.There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home willsuffer44.In a pilot programme,students are given electronic devices to doassignments when schools areclosed.45.A long-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students'academic performance.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.It may sound surprising,but you don't have to be interested in fashion,or even in history,to enjoy Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History.I happen to be interested in both,and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons.Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor,and you probably won't forget that for even one page.His carefully reasoned arguments,packed with examples,sound almost like reading a court opinion,only maybe wordier.You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again.Ford's thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them.Through this lens,he shows us that the first laws passed in the1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics,colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class,who were now able to imitate some of these fashions.The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it.Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status sex,power,and personality,which,he assumes,influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today.His writing is more than alittle dense—dense with research,clauses,and precise adjectives and nouns.But there's also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing.No one is spared his sharp analysis:not the easy targets of19th century women's crippling(伤害身体的)fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts.But the greatest strength of this book(on fashion!)is its intellectual profoundness.Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs,to realize thatwe almost never do so,to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning,and yet that meaning can and does change all thetime.Consider the fact that a1918catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color.We believe our thinking today is evolved;Ford shows us it's not.46.What does the author think of the book Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History?A)It is read by people for entirely different reasonsB)It is meant for those interested in fashion history·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·22C)It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.D)It converts fashion into something for deliberation.47.How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era,according to Ford?A)By examining the restraints imposed on it.C)By glancing at its fabrics,colors and ornaments.B)By looking at what the nobility were wearing.D)By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes.48.What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the1200s?A)To facilitate the rise of the middle class C)To help initiate some novel fashions.B)To loosen restrictions on dress codes.D)To preserve the status of the nobles.49.What does the author think of Ford's writing?A)It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different erasB)It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appealC)It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.D)It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.50.What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford's book?A)Plentiful information.B)Meaningful choices.C)Evolved thinkingD)Intellectual depthPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the followingpassage.The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action.For some ofus,persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally.For the rest of us,persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time.Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance.Besides,teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done.Without persuasion skills,employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization's vision and long-term mission.Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas,it'll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal.In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace,you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements.Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion,but logic and reasoning are just as important.Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal,you should help them understand why they should pursue ing visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans.Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people.In order to sustain thoserelationships,you must be able to work in their best interests as well.Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you.The more they achieve and the greaterprogress they make,the more they trust your judgement and strength.We persuade and get persuaded every day—we're either convincing or being convinced.A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures;no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around.Therefore,organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.23·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·51.What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?A)People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.B)It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action.C)It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers.D)People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.52.Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?A)They enable employees to be convinced oftheir long-term gains.B)They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.C)They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.D)They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.53.What should people do to learn the art of persuasion atthe workplace?A)Acquire effective communication skills.C)Understand the reason for pursuing their goalsB)Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.D)Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans54.When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?A)When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own.B)When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make.C)When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.D)When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.55.Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessarychanges?A)To convince employees of the value of collaboration.B)To allow for the preferences of most people of todayC)To improve on traditional organizational structuresD)To adapt to employees'ever-changing working styles.PartIV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.汉语中的“福”字(the character fu)表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥(auspicious符号之一。

2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)

2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案（三）一、听力部分：：News Report One(1)A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung.The unnamed woman from the province of Shandong started have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old.For 14 years,she made numerous hospital visits.However,no doctor could identify any problem.Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery.Finally,the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao.This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in herlung.(2)Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone.The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully with the bone finally removed from her lung,the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.1.What was the woman’s problem?2.How was the woman’s problem eventually solved?News Report Two(3)A white shape named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bush fires recently returned home.According to farmer Alice Gray,Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away.The bush fires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property.They thought Prickles had died in the fire.But instead,the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm.(4)Once the fires were over,the family had to fix the damage done to the farm as it was such a large property,which included rebuilding about 40 kilometers of fencing.It was this huge fencing that prevented Pickles from finding her way back.Over the years,the family spotted her a few times.They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor the activity.But when they knew Pringles was alive,they couldn’t find her and never expected her t o return by herself.Seven years later,they were proven wrong.3.What does the news say about the white sheep Prickles?4.What the family do of the bush fires?News Report Three(5)Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in midair this morning.The aircraft was carrying 265 million pounds worth of gold and diamonds,when the door flew open,sending the precious metal back to earth.According to the official news agency,Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each.The plane was traveling from Yakutsk airport in a major diamond producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia.(6)However,the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after began losing some of its valuable cargo.Reports suggest some bars of gold were scattered up to fifteen miles away from the airport.Nine tons of gold on plane AN12 belonged to a gold mine company.Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery.(7)Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to takeoff are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.5.What is the news report mainly about?6.What did the aircraft do when the incident happened?7.What does the news report say about the technical engineers who worked on the plane before takeoff?Conversation One8.Why does the man have this conversation with the man recorded?His job is related to the customer service.9.What is the woman’s purpose of calling to the furniture company?She wants to know when she can get her money back.10.What does the woman say about her bank card?The new bank card will be sent to her on Tuesday,and the bank may has canceled the old one before the man made the payment.11.What does the man advise the woman to do?She needs to update the card details directly on the website.Conversation Two12.Why isn’t the man going to cook?He’s worn out.13.What does the man say he’ll do on his phone?He’ll use the food delivery app on his phone.14.What does the woman think of the Indian food?That’s not the kind of the hot she means.She needs something mild.15.What does the man think of the woman?She’s really difficult to please.Passage One(16)A new study carried out by the university of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats.The findings suggest that just as apparent personality can affect the personality of a child,the same is true for a cat and its owner.Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety,fear,anger,depression and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioral issues.Such cats display more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness.They will also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had come from happier and healthier cats.Researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them.(17)The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets and is therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them.The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the well-being of our pets.(18)Further research is needed to investigate the cause of nature of this relationship and look at how owners’personalities are directly influencing their pet’s behavior and well-being.It is possible that the well-being of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.16.What do we learn from the new study by the University of Lincoln?17.What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?18.What does the passage say i t’s still needed to understand the effects of owners’personalities on their pets?Passage Two(19)One 50-minute run can add seven hours to your life.This was a claim made by The Times last week.The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running.The reviewconcluded that an average runners live three years longer than non-runners and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise.But there’s more to running than its health benefits.(20)Research published in recent years have shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.However,the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short fast running or long distance r unning.For example,in one study,researchers compared participants’ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running,and after 40 minutes of gentlerunning,participants were able to learn 20 percent faster after the intense running and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later.In another study,researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then showed them clips from a sad movie.Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely aff ected by the sad clips just as you’d expect.But crucially,this was less so if they had completed the 30 minutes jog.(21)The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.19.What did the new review of studies claim?20.What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?21.What did another study find about the participant after they had a 30 minutes jog?Passage ThreeWelcome to the tour of the Hill House.This house built in 1904 is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill,the famous architect.It was designed and built for local entrepreneur and his family.Before starting the tour,let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.(23)Prior to beginning his design,the architect spends sometime in the client’s old home,observing their life and studying their habits.This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family.(24)The client’s main desi re was to have a home with unique design,so the architect was given complete freedom.The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period.At the time,most large homes were constructed of timber and brick.This one,however,is made of concrete,a novel construction material in those days.The interior of the house,including the fittings and furniture,was also designed by the same person.Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition.However,(25)both pieces in th e children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.Fortunately,all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved,so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.Let’s begin our tour,starting from the ro oms.22.What do we learn about the speaker?He is the guide of the tour.23.What dis the architect do before beginning his design?24.What did the architect’s client mainly want?25.What do we learn about the pieces of furniture in the children’s bedrooms?1.D)He did an unusual good deed2.C)Give some money to the waiter3.A)Whether or not to move to the state's mainland4.B)It costs too much money5.A)To investigate whether people are grateful for help6.C)They held doors open for people at various places7.B)Most people express gratitude for help8.C)To enquire about solar panel installation9.D)He has a large family.10.B)The cost of a solar panel installation11.D)About five years12.A)At a travel agency13.D)She wanted to spend more time her family.14 D)Two weeks.15.A)Choosing some activities herself16.D)Pay a green tax upon arrival17.A)It has not been doing a good job in recycling.18.B)To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali land.19.D)Its population is now showing signs of increase20.C)Commercial hunting21.D)To seek breeding grounds22.C)They consume less milk these days23.A)It is not as healthy as once thought24.C)They lack the necessary proteins to digest it25.B)It provides some necessary nutrients二、选词填空∶Many people believe that commitment are the foundations of..26.O)unique27.)possess28.D)endure29.C)confused30.J)presence31.B)assess32.Flgenius33.A)acknowledge34.M)surprising35.G)highly三、信息匹配部分：Why it matters that teens are reading less?36.[E]That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media rge surveys con-ducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.37.<B>Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are being ignored,in favor of screens.…….38.[G]Indeed,the number of senior high school students who said they had not read any books for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016.That is triple the number from two decades ago.……39.[D]If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices,does that mean they have to give activities?Maybe not.Over the years,many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities.…40[.A]Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.But today's teens have grown up with pared with teens a couple of de-cades ago,the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.…41.[H]]This might present problems for young people later on.When high school students go on to college,their past and current reading habits will influence their academic per-formance.….42.[c]Teens did not always spend that much time with digi-tal media.Online time has doubled since 2006,and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period.By 2016,nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day.……43.[F]But the treads related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in how teens spend their time.Research has revealed an enormous decline in reading.In 1980,about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book,newspaper or magazine every day that was not assigned for school.By 2016,only 16 percent did.44.<B>Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are being ignored,in favor of screens.……45.[E]That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media rge surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past.….四、仔细阅读部分：Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touchsomeone?46.C)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationships.47.D)How close the communicator‘s relationships are.48.B)They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.49.A)Men can show friendship in public through physical affection.50.D)Take other people's preference into consideration.From climate change to the ongoing pandemic(大流行病)and beyond，the issues facing today's world are increasingly complex and dynamic.51.A)It faces problems that are getting more varied and compli-cated.52.C)People are divided about the nature of interest.53.D)How a growth mindset of interest can contribute to crossdisciplinarythinking.54.C)Making innovative products needs multidisciplinary products.55.B)Broadening their interests.六、翻译部分：坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。

2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题第3套

12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)Part Ⅰ Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying" Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen." You can cite xamples to illustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere on lookers inlife. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)听力音频地址：Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, Cand D,and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A.Children should be taught to be more careful.B.Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.C.There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D.Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.2.A.Fitness training.B.The new job offer.puter programming.D.Directorship of the club.3.A.He needs to buy a new sweater.B.He has got to save on fuel bills.C.The fuel price has skyrocketed.D.The heating system doesn't work.mitting theft.B.Taking pictures.C.Window shopping.D.Posing for the camera.5.A.She is taking some medicine.B.She has not seen a doctor yet.C.She does not trust the man's advice.D.She has almost recovered from the cough.6.A.Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.B.Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C.Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D.Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.7.A.In the left-luggage office.B.At the hotel reception.C.In a hotel room.D.At an airport.8.A.She was an excellent student at college.B.She works in the entertainment business.C.She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D.She is good at conveying her message.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr.Romero.B.Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.C.Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D.Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.10.A.Her travel to Japan.B.The awards ceremony.C.The proper hairstyle for her new role.D.When to start the make-up session.11.A.He is Mr.Romero's agent.B.He is an entertainment journalist.C.He is the woman's assistant.D.He is a famous movie star.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.Make an appointment for an interview.B.Send in an application letter.C.Fill in an application form.D.Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.13.A.Someone having a college degree in advertising.B.Someone experienced in business management.C.Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D.Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.14.A.Travel opportunities.B.Handsome pay.C.Prospects for promotion.D.Flexible working hours.15.A.It depends on the working hours.B.It is about 500 pounds a week.C.It will be set by the Human Resources.D.It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections..In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B,Cand D..Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.To give customers a wider range of choices.B.To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C.To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D.To save space for more profitable products.17.A.On the top shelves.B.On the bottom shelves.C.On easily accessible shelves.D.On clearly marked shelves.18.A.Many of them buy things on impulse.B.A few of them are fathers with babies.C.A majority of them are young couples.D.Over 60% of them make shopping lists.19.A.Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B.Sales assistants following customers around.C.Customers competing for good bargains.D.Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A.Teaching mathematics at a school.B.Doing research in an institute.C.Studying for a college degree.D.Working in a hi-tech company21.A.He studied the designs of various clocks.B.He did experiments on different materials.C.He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D.He asked different people for their opinions.22.A.Its automatic mechanism.B.Its manufacturing process.C.Its way of waking people up.D.Its funny-looking pig face.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.It is often caused by a change of circumstances.B.It actually doesn't require any special treatment.C.It usually appears all of a sudden.D.It generally lasts for several years.24.A.They cannot mix well with others.B.They irrationally annoy their friends.C.They depend heavily on family members.D.They blame others for ignoring their needs.25.A.They lack consistent support from peers.B.They doubt their own popularity.C.They were born psychologically weak.D.They focus too much on themselves.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and26 in a file cabinet.It could remain there for years and, often27, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then.28 the change has been the astonishingly29 development in recent years of the computer.Today, any data that is 30 about us in one place or another--and for one reason or another--can be stored in a computer bank.It can then be easily passed to other computer banks.They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending 31 , direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and32 at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening33 of their privacy.Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly 34, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain.In 1970, a national survey showed that 37 percent of the people35felt their privacy was being invaded.Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry.Arecent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizens had shot up to 76percent.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given, in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each.choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children do not think the way adults do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it's out of mind.If you cover a baby's36toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toyhas disappeared and stops looking for it.A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit juicewhen it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the38 of juice.Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized39 about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"the child will 40 test your claim.Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you41; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those42 are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does children's thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive (认知旳) abilities unfold 43, like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is44in their lives.Althoughmany of his specific conclusions havebeen45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.A. advocateB. amountC. confirmedD. crazyE. definiteF. differencesG. favoriteH. happeningI. ImmediatelyJ. NaturallyK. ObtainingL. PrimarilyM. ProtestN. RejectedO. theoriesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with, ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Perfect EssayA.Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher.Shecared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't.Her expectations were high--impossibly so.She was an English teacher.She was also my mother.B.When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page : "Flawless." This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade.Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14.Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread thegood news.I didn't get very far.The first person I told was my mother.C.My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rareoccasion when she got angry, she was terrifying.I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.In any event,my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be.At the time,I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions (过渡), structure, style and voice.But whatI learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, wasa deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.D.First off, it hurts.Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint (印记) on you as a person.I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally.I say that we should never listen to these people.E. Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely,someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization.For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer'sblock--I was not able to produce anything for three years.F. Franz Kafka once said: "Writing is utter solitude (独处), the descent into the cold abyss (深渊) of oneself." My mother's criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective (内省旳) descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find.But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude.I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me."It is a thing of no great difficulty," according to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome." I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother's guidance, but I can't recall them.What I remember, however, is how she took up the "extremely troublesome" work of ongoing criticism.G. There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic shouldbe able to produce "a better in its place." In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques (评论).My mother was well covered on this count.But perhapsPlutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that one should "criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms--a process that is often extremely painful,but also almost always meaningful.H. My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself.For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could.Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any--the type I could have found on my own--I had to start from scratch.From scratch.Once the essay was "flawless," she would take an evening to walk me through myerrors.That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I. She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon (行话).She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech."Writers can't bluff (虚张声势) their way through ignorance." That was news to me--I would need to freed another way to structure my daily existence.J. She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression."John," she almost whispered.I leaned in to hear her:"I can'thear you when you shout at me." So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writingimproved.K. Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay.Butperhaps I missed something important in my mother's lessons about creativity and perfection.Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.Whitman repeatedly reworked "Song of Myself' between 1855 and 1891.Repeatedly.We do our absolute best with apiece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal.And, for the time being, we settle.Incritique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.46.The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.47.The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.48.A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.49.Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything.50.The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless".51.Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.52.The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.53.The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.54.The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.55.Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn'treproduce it in most of the US either.What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It's the right people.If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心) : rich people and nerds (痴迷科研旳人).Observation bears this out.Within the US, towns have become star,up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds.Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds.It's not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people.The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, andCarnegie-Mellon.MITyielded Route 128.Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley.But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both.The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is inBoston.Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in themDo you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds?No, it would not.Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people.They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business.This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money.And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.56.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A.Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B.It is the biggest technology hub in the US.C.Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D.It leads the world in information technology.57.What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?ck of incentive for investment.ck of the right kind of talents.ck of government support.ck of famous universities.58.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A.Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B.Its science departments are not nearly as good.C.It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D.It does not pay much attention to business startups.59.What does the author imply about Boston?A.It has pleasant weather all year round.B.It produces wealth as well as high-tech.C.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.D.It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.60.What does the author say about startup investors?A.They are especially wise in making investments.B.They have good connections in the government.C.They can do more than providing money.D.They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.It's nice to have people of like mind around.Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expandyour company and your career.It's nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth.If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏颇).Take a look at your own network.Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it's time to shake things up.As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance.It's not easy for most people to actively seek conflict.Many spend their lives trying to avoidarguments.There's no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective.But it do esrequire moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries.The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carryingthe emotion of the battles beyond thebattlefield.Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached.Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they'll be willing to get into the ring next time.61.What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?A.It will help your company expand more rapidly.B.It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.C.It may prevent your business and career from advancing.D.It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.62.What does the author suggest leaders do?A.Avoid arguments with business partners.B.Encourage people to disagree and argue.C.Build a wide and strong business network.D.Seek advice from their worthy competitors.63.What is the purpose of holding a debate?A.To find out the truth about an issue.B.To build up people's moral strength.C.To remove misunderstandings.D.To look for worthy opponents.64.What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?A.They listen carefully to their opponents' views.B.They show due respect for each other's beliefs.C.They present their views clearly and explicitly.D.They take care not to hurt each other's feelings.65.How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?A.Try to make peace with them.B.Try to make up the differences.C.Invite them to the ring next time.D.Acknowledge their contribution.Part Ⅳ Translation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.今年在长沙举行了一年一度旳外国人汉语演讲比赛.这项比赛证明是增进中国和世界其他地区文化交流旳好措施.它为世界各地旳年轻人提供了更好地理解中国旳机会.来自87个国家合计126位选手汇集在湖南省省会参与了从7月6日到8月5日进行旳半决赛和决赛.比赛并不是唯一旳活动.选手们尚有机会参观了中国其他地区旳著名景点和历史名胜.12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第3套)Part Ⅰ Writing这是一篇四级考试中常见旳议论文.话题围绕“Never go out there to see what happens，go out there to make things happen.”这句话展开，规定考生进行评论，同步在题目规定中也明确给出了作文主题the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life.考生应当明确这一主题，并围绕其展开论述.一、点明主题：不做看客，要做实践者(being participants instead of onlookers in life)二、分析原因三、提出问题和提议主题词汇put…into practice将……付诸实践carry out执行；实现gain获得accumulate积累gradually逐渐地make a progress获得进步theory理论action行动would rather…t han比起……更情愿……stand by袖手旁观句式拓展1.For some people, watching what happens to others is good enough to learn a lesson, while for others, only practicing by themselves can finally make them get the real skills in对某些人而言，看发生在他人身上旳事情足以让他们吸取教训，而对于其他人而言，他们只有亲身实践才能最终得到生活中旳真正技能.2.No matter how many authentic theories you've got before,nothing will happen until you put them into practice.无论你曾经接受了多少权威旳理论，若不付诸实践，一切都无济于事.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionM: I don't know what to do with Timmy.This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.W: Don't be so hard on him.He's only four.Q: What does the woman mean?C.四个选项中出现了children，careful，juice和Timmy等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与孩子旳行为有关.对话中，男士埋怨说他都不懂得该拿蒂米怎么办了，今天早上，他发现桔子汁在厨房洒了一地，而女士则说，别对蒂米太严厉了，他才四岁.由此可见，女士认为男士不用小题大做，故答案为C..2.W: Excuse me, sir.I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.M: I'll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.Q: What is the woman interested in?A.四个选项均为名词短语，且出现了fitness，job，computer和club等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与健身或者工作有关.对话中，女士向男士问询俱乐部健身锻炼旳事情，男士则说他会带着女士去找专门负责新会员旳经理.由此可知，女士是对俱乐部健身锻炼感爱好，故答案为A..3.W: It's really cold in this apartment.Can we turn up the heat a little bit? M: Sorry.I've run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill.Maybe you'd better put on a sweater.Q: what does the man mean?B.四个选项中出现了sweater，save，fuel bills和heating等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与寒冷天气以及取暖有关.对话中，女士说她觉得很冷，问能不能把暖气开大一点，而男士则表达抱歉，说自己没钱了，都快付不起燃料费账单了，提议女士穿上毛衣.由此可知，男士想要节省燃料费，故答案为B.4.M: I'm sorry, Miss.But you have to come with me to the security office.The video cameras in our shophave recorded everything you did.W: No, no.I...I didn't do anything.I'll call the police if you dare insult me.Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?A.四个选项均为动名词短语，且出现了theft，pictures，shopping和camera 等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与商店里发生旳事情有关.对话中，男士要将女士带到保安室去，并说商店里旳摄像头已经把女士所做旳事都录下来了，而女士则表达自己什么都没有做，假如男士敢欺侮她旳话，她就报警.由此可知，男士认为女士偷了商店里旳东西，故答案为A.5.M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.W: Well, I'll wait a few more days.I'm sure I'll get over it soon.Q: What do we learn about the woman?B.选项均以she开头，且出现了medicine，doctor和cough等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与女士旳健康状况有关.男士说女士应当立即去看医生，而女士则说再等几天，她相信自己旳咳嗽很快就会好旳.由此可知，直到本对话发生时，女士都还没有去看医生，故答案为B..6.M: I've heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.W: Well, she wouldn't have if she hadn't been in such a hunt to get it done. Q: What does the woman imply?D.四个选项均提到了Pamela，且出现了report，hurry，writing和mistakes 等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与帕米拉旳汇报有关.对话中，男士说他听说帕米拉旳试验汇报出了诸多错，而女士则说，假如她不是那么急着做完旳话，就不会出这样多旳错.由此可知，帕米拉试验汇报中旳错误本来是可以防止旳，故答案为D..7.M: We'd better check out before 12 o'clock, Marry.And now there are only 30 minutes left.W: Let's hurry up.You go pay the bill and I'll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.Q : Where did this conversation most probably take place?C.四个选项均是表达地点旳介词短语，故推测本题考察旳内容与对话发生旳地点有关.对话中，男士说他们最佳能在中午l2点之前退房，目前只剩半小时了，女士提议加迅速度，并让男士去付账，她自己给前台打电话，叫人把行李送到楼下.由此可知，对话发生旳时候，两人还没有开始办理退房手续，还在宾馆旳房间里，故答案为C..8.W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?M: Yeah.She's excellent.She gets her point across and it's entertaining at the same time.Q: what does the man say about the speaker?D.四个选项均以she开头，且出现了college，works，speech和message等词，可以推测本题考察旳内容与女士旳状况有关.对话中，女士问男士此前与否听过这个演讲者旳讲座，男士说他听过，并认为这位演讲旳女士很棒，她不仅将自己旳观点体现得很清晰，并且讲得很有趣.由此可知，这位女演讲者擅长传达自己想要传达旳信息，故答案为D..Conversation One。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)

2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Communication. You should write at least 120 words but not more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力共两套，已放在第一二套，此套不再重复。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world's factories 26 . And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more 27 and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long 28 a world where you can make anything; anywhere, from a computerised design. That vision is 29 closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be 30 many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31 of factory life.Greater efficiency 32 means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see 33 and robots as a solution. But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34 opportunity to make the world a better place. "Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past. You can see it changing. That's an opportunity to 35 that system differently, and if we can, it will have tremendous significance. "A. automationB. concernsC. enormouslyD. fantasticE. fascinatedF. featureG. flexibleH. inevitablyI. interactionJ. leaningK. matters L. moving M. promised N. shape O. spared Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The History of the Lunch BoxA) It was made of shiny, bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front, and Icarried it with me nearly every single day. My lunch box was one of my first prized possessions, a proud statement to everyone in my kindergarten; "I love Mermaid-Ariel on my lunch box"B) That bulky container served me well through my first and second grades, until the live-actionversion of 101 Dalmatians hit theaters, and I needed the newest red plastic box with characters like Pongo and Perdita on the front. I know I'm not alone here-I bet you loved your first lunch box, too.C) Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes fordecades. But it wasn't always that way. Once upon a time, they weren't even boxes. As schools have changed in the past century, the midday meal container has evolved right along with them.D) Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really. While there were neighborhood schools in cities and suburbs, one-room schoolhouses were common in rural areas. As grandparents have been saying for generations, kids would travel miles to school in the countryside (often on foot.)E) "You had kids in rural areas who couldn't go home from school for lunch, so bringing yourlunch wrapped in a cloth, in oiled paper, in a little wooden box or something like that was a very long-standing rural tradition," says Paula Johnson, head of food history section at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D. C.F) City kids, on the other hand, went home for lunch and came back. Since they rarely carried ameal, the few metal lunch buckets on the market were mainly for tradesmen and factory workers.G) After World War I, a bunch of changes reshaped schools-and lunches. More women joined theworkforce. Small schools consolidated into larger ones, meaning more students were farther away from home.' And the National School Lunch Act in 1946 made cafeterias much more common. Still, there wasn't much of a market for lunch containers-yet. Students who carried their lunch often did so in a re-purposed bucket or tin of some kind.H) And then everything changed in the year of 1950. You might as well call it the Year of theLunch Box, thanks in large part to a genius move by a Nashville-based manufacturer, Aladdin Industries. The company already made square metal meal containers, the kind workers carried, and some had started to show up in the hands of school kids.I) But these containers were really durable, lasting years on end. That was great for theconsumer, not so much for the manufacturer. So executives at Aladdin hit on an idea that would harness the newfound popularity of television. They covered lunch boxes with striking red paint and added a picture of TV and radio cowboy Hopalong Cassidy on the front.J) The company sold 600,000 units the first year. It was a major "Ah-ha!" moment, and a wave of other manufacturers jumped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies."ThePartridge Family, the Addams Family, the Six Million Dollar Man, the Bionic Woman-everything that was on television ended up on a lunch box,"says Allen Woodall. He's the founder of the Lunch Box Museum in Columbus, Georgia."It was a great marketing tool because kids were taking that TV show to school with them, and then when they got home they had them captured back on TV," he says.K) And yes, you read that right: There is a hunch box museum, right near the Chattahoochee River, Woodall has more than 2,000 items on display. His favorite? The Green Hornet lunch box, because he used to listen to the radio show back in the 1940s.L）The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence, that is, to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing. Kids would beg for a new lunch box every year to keep up with the newest characters, even if their old lunch box was perfectly usable.M) The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s，when plastic took over. Two theories exist as to why. The first-and most likely-is that plastic had simply become cheaper. The second theory possibly an urban myth-is that concerned parents in several states proposed bans on metal lunch boxes, claiming kids were using them as "weapons" to hit one another.There's a lot on the internet about a state-wide ban in Florida, but a few days worth of digging by a historian at the Florida State Historical Society found no such legislation. Either way, the metal lunch box was out.N) The last few decades have brought a new lunch box revolution, of sorts. Plastic boxes changed to lined cloth sacks, and eventually, globalism brought tiffin containers from India and bento boxes from Japan. Even the old metal lunch boxes have regained popularity."I don't think the heyday（盛时期）has passed," says D.J.Jayasekara, owner and founder of , a retailer in Pasadena, California. "I think it has evolved. The days of the ready-made, 'you stick it in a lunch box and carry it to school' are kind of done. "O) The introduction of backpacks changed the hunch box scene a bit, he adds. Once kids started carrying book bags, that bulky traditional hunch box was hard to fit inside. "But you can't just throw a sandwich in a backpack," Jayasekara says. "It still has to go into a container."That is, in part, why smaller and softer containers have taken off-they fit into backpacks.P) And don't worry-whether it's a plastic bento box or a cloth bag, lunch containers can still easily be covered with popular culture. "We keep pace with the movie industries so we can predict which characters are going to be popular for the coming months," Jayasekara says."You know, kids are kids."36. Lunch containers were not necessary for school kids in cities.37. Putting TV characters on lunch boxes proved an effective marketing strategy.38. Smaller hunch boxes are preferred because they fit easily into backpacks.39. Lunch boxes have evolved along with the transformation of schools.40. Around the beginning of the nineteen fifties, some school kids started to use metal mealcontainers.41. School kids are eager to get a new lunch box every year to stay in fashion.42. Rural kids used to walk a long way to school in the old days.43. The author was proud of using a hunch box in her childhood.44. The most probable reason for the popularity of plastic hunch boxes is that they are lessexpensive.45. The durability of metal meal containers benefited consumers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.A growing number of U. S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept.Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U. S. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year.The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales.But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U. S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C., and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (踏板) to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. "When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike."Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that U. S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike.Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he' Il make an ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't their thing," Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills."46. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A. Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B. They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.C. They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D. Their widespread use is attributable to people's environmental awareness.47. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?A. Updated technology of bike manufacture.B. The falling prices of ebike batteries.C. Changed fashion in short-distance travel.D. The rising costs for making electric cars.48. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?A. More will be invested in bike battery research.B. The sales of ebikes will increase.C. It will profit from ebike sharing.D. It will make a difference in people's daily lives.49. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?A. Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.B. High profits from conventional bikes.C. Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.D. His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.50. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A. The further lowering of ebike prices.B. The public's concern for their health.C. The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D. The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published by Science. In 1979，a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while "climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase，such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification（酸化）.During the following decades，some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate.Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example，the language and polls expert Frank Luntz's wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming," reported the Guardian.However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart showsthat by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently，and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The debate isn't new. A century ago，chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans weren't producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.51. Why did politicians use the two terms "global warming" and "climate change"?A. To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.B. To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.C. To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.D. To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.52. As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term "climate change" differs from "global warming" in that .A. it sounds less vague.B. it looks more scientific.C. it covers more phenomena.D. it is much closer to reality.53. What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?A. Made-up survey results.B. Hired climate experts.C. False research findings.D. Deliberate choice of words.54. Why did NASA choose the term "climate change"?A. To obtain more funds.B. For greater precision.C. For political needs.D. To avoid debate.55. What is the author's final conclusion?A. Global warming is the more accurate term.B. Accuracy of terminology matters in science.C. Human activities have serious effects on Earth.D. Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.Part IV Translation（30 minutes）Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。

2023年6月四级真题及解析(3套)

2023年6月四级真题及解析（3套）引言2023年6月,全国大学英语四级考试如期而至。

本文将为大家提供三套2023年6月四级真题及其解析。

通过认真分析这些真题及解析，相信能够帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和要求，为下一次考试做好充分的准备。

第一套真题及解析阅读理解Passage1题目：PaSSage1题目解析：在这篇文章中，作者主要介绍了XXX的原因和要点。

根据文章内容，我们可以得出答案是XXX oPassage2题目：Passage2题目解析：这篇文章主要讲述了XXX的内容，通过阅读可以了解至IJXXX。

答案为XXX。

完形填空题目：完形填空题目解析：这篇完形填空讲述了一个XXX的故事。

通过上下文的提示,我们可以推测出正确的答案是XXX。

阅读填空题目：阅读填空题目解析：这篇阅读填空主要考察了XXX的理解。

通过对文章的细致阅读和上下文的推测，我们可以判断出正确的答案是XXX o第二套真题及解析阅读理解Passage1题目：Passage1题目解析：在这篇文章中，作者通过阐述了XXX的观点和支持材料来说明XXX o根据文章内容，我们可以得出答案是XXX oPassage2题目：Passage2题目解析：这篇文章主要介绍了XXX的背景和重要性。

通过仔细阅读，我们可以找到答案是XXXo完形填空题目：完形填空题目解析：这篇完形填空通过讲述一个故事来说明XXXo根据上下文的提示，我们可以得出正确的答案是XXXo阅读填空题目：阅读填空题目解析：这篇阅读填空主要考察了XXX的理解和推理能力。

通过仔细阅读文章，我们可以总结出正确的答案是XXXo第三套真题及解析阅读理解Passage1题目：Passage1题目解析：这篇文章主要讲述了XXX的原因和解决办法。

通过对文章的分析，我们可以得出答案是XXXoPassage2题目：Passage2题目解析：在这篇文章中，作者通过举例和数据来说明XXX的现象和影响。

根据上下文的提示，我们可以推断出答案是XXX o完形填空题目：完形填空题目解析：这篇完形填空讲述了一个XXX的故事。

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2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：2017年6月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents th e central nervous system from directing muscle movements（28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的）(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of caffeine(咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo(安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eyetracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercisereduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Team spirit[A] Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Delo itte, “Global Human Capital Trends”,based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.[B] Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).[C] The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility (灵活性).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions (过渡)，not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarch y. The “millennials” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.[D] The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality (专业)and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams' General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.[E] A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, ‘Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraor dinary... But don’t coun t on it.”[F] Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.[G] Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now thecase in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisati ons increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.[H] The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism (感情用事)：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dy sfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” (离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others.[I] A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do the ir work―which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.[J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction―employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.38.In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.39.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.44.To ensure employees’ commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as towhere and how they work.45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll―to save money. “Strength，softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns of perfume,said Mintel analystJack Duckett. ''These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.”While consumers are spending less on t oilet paper, they remain fussy―in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons’ toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).One in 10 buyers rand toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.46.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because _____________.A)Britons have cut their spending on itB)its prices have gone up over the yearsC)its quality has seen marked improvementD)Britons have developed the habit of saving47.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A)It will expend in time.B)It will remain gloomy.C)It will experience ups and downs.D)It will recover as population grows.48.What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?A)Special offers would promote its sales.B)Consumers are loyal to certain brands.C) Luxurious features add much to the price.D) Consumers have a variety to choose from.49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D) They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) More and more Britons buy recycled toiler paper to protect the environment.B) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger，” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.In her study, participants were randomly (随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,‘Well，if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice，’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case.Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point.“Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,”says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it，’’Ferreira says.People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?A) She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.B) She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.C) She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.D) She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.52.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?A) They were given physical training.B) They were looked after by physicians.C) They were encouraged by psychologists.D) They were offered nicotine replacements.53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?A) It is idealized.B) It is unexpected.C) It is encouraging.D) It is misleading.54. The idea of “a marathon”（Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smokingA) is something few can accomplishB) needs some practice firstC) requires a lot of patienceD) is a challenge at the beginning55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?A) They find it even more difficult.B) They are simply unable to make it.C) They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.D) They feel much less pain in the process.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

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