先行词为时间地点原因的定语从句
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先行词为原因的定语从句例句
1. 我迟到的原因是,我在路上遇到了交通堵塞。
2. 她没有参加聚会的原因是她生病了。
3. 这个项目失败的原因是团队成员之间缺乏有效的沟通和合作。
4. 我们无法出发的原因是因为飞机延误了。
5. 她辞职的原因是她不满意公司的管理制度。
6. 他的失败原因是他没有充分准备。
7. 我们没有去旅行的原因是天气预报说会下雨。
8. 这家商店破产的原因是他们无法应对市场竞争。
9. 她签下这份工作合同的原因是公司提供了优厚的薪水和福利待遇。
10. 我们没能购买房子的原因是房价太高了。
occasion定语从句在定语从句,大家知道occasion的用法?放在句子的哪里呢?occasion在定语从句中作先行词时,后面用关系副词when还是whereoccasion在表示:“a particular time or instance of an event (特定的)时刻;场合”时,定语从句引导词用when;当表示:“a special or noteworthy event, ceremony, or celebration(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时,定语从句引导词用where。
(新牛津英汉双解大词典)例句:1. In hard times, the Spring Festival was the only occasion where a family threw off the old attire and put on new clothes specially made for the festival.2. Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience.例题:D1. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when定语从句的十大考点:1. that 与which 在指代物时的用法区别that 和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句,但是用法有区别:① 只能用that的五种情况a. 先行词为不定代词或先行词由不定代词修饰时b. 先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时c. 先行词即有人又有物时d. 先行词前有the very, the only修饰时e. 主句为which,或who 引导的特殊疑问句时② 只能用which的两种情况a. 非限定性定语从句中b. 介词之后引导定语从句时2.which与as的区别as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句,三种情况下只能用as,不能用whicha. as置于句首引导定语从句时(As we know,…)b. as 含有“正如”之意(…as we expected)c. 先行词前有such, the same 修饰时(…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.)3. who、whom、that 的区别a.先行词为those或people 时,常用关系代词who,不用thatb.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句4. whose 用法whose+n. 引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点,此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是of which +the+n.e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.whose hands / of which the hands5. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法a. 介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)b. 介词的选择方法有三个原则:一“先”二“动”三“意义”I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)This is the house in which he lives. (定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根据句意决定)6. 先行词为way时先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,in which引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。
定语从句的用法定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,所以叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
那么你知道定语从句的用法吗?下面跟着店铺一起来学习一下,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有:when, where, why.二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如:He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如:The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3. 作定语用whose, 如:(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize atthat time.注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。
定语从句(Ⅱ)编稿:陈玉莲审稿:概念引入The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here化学家做实验的那个实验室离这儿不远I've always longed for the days when I should be able to be independent我非常渴望我能够独立的那天There are moments when I forget all about it.那个时候我忘记了所有的一切He wanted to know the reason why I was late.他想要知道我迟到的理由语法点拨【高清课堂:定语从句二P3】where引导的定语从句1. 当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候,连接词就是where。
而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等。
先行词为名词,但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。
We will start at the point where we stopped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。
分析从句的成分:主语为we, 谓语为stopped,并且此处stop为不及物动词,从句不需要宾语。
先行词加上介词at在从句中做地点状语。
注意此处的at并不是主句中的at,而是根据从句的逻辑意义增加的介词at,相当于at which we stopped.The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。
把从句的含义补全应该为:he lives in the building,先行词building加上介词in在从句中做状语,关系词用where或in which。
Put it at the place where you have found it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。
when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法想要掌握定语从句,需要掌握引导词的用法,下面是店铺分享给大家的when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法,希望对大家有帮助。
when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法篇1when, where, why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:1.关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。
// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居,在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如: I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
定语从句知识总结归纳(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
如: 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. (二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。
先行词为时间、地点和原因名词的定语从句
(324302)浙江省开化县华埠高中王东福
先行词为时间、地点和原因的定语从句是高中阶段的语法重点和难点。
在选择关系词时,
很多学生会想当然地选择when, where和why。
实际上存在多种可能性,做题时应当具体问题
具体分析。
试看下列几题:
例1:(2002上海春)Is this the reason at the meeting for his careless in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
正确答案: A
例2:(2004浙江卷)Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which
正确答案: D
例3: (2005辽宁卷)I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were tying a sign onto one of the trees.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
正确答案:C(=in which)
对于这类定语从句我们该如何正确地选择关系词呢?简而言之,先行词在从句中充当状
语用关系副词,充当动词宾语时用关系代词。
关键在于如何判断先行词在从句中的成分。
在
这里向大家介绍一种“句式分解法”,再配合以“成分分析法”,就可以轻松地解决这个问题。
所谓“句式分解法”,就是在理解句义的基础上,把较为复杂的主从复合句分解成若干个简单
明了的简单句。
通过主从复合句变简单句之后所增加的成分来判断先行词在定语从句中的成
分,最终确定正确的关系词。
下面以具体实例分述如下:
一.先行词为时间名词的定语从句
先行词为时间名词的定语从句中,关系词的选择主要存在两种可能性。
一类用when,或介词+which;一类用which或that。
具体来说,先行词在从句中充当时间状语用前者,在从句中
充当宾语用后者。
例4:(2003北京春)We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
运用“句式分解法”,把该句拆成两个简单句来理解,相当于:We are living in an age. In this age many things are done on computer. 可以看出in this age 是从句中的时间状语。
另一方面,
从词性与成分的关系上来分析,先行词age不可能充当从句中不及物动词are done的宾语,只能是整个从句的时间状语。
所以正确答案应为D选项,或用in which代替。
例5:(1995上海)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm., many people have gone home.
A. whose time
B. that
C. on which
D. by which time
根据句义分解主从复合句:In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm. Because by 5:30pm many people have gone home. 因此D选项才是正确选项。
例6:Summer holidays, they plan to spend in their hometowns, are drawing near.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. for which
根据句义先分解主从复合句:They plan to spend summer holidays in their hometowns. And now summer holidays are drawing near.显然,先行词summer holidays在从句中充当及物动词spend的宾语成分。
C、D选项首先排除。
本题是非限制性定语从句,不能用that, 故B选项是正确答案。
注意比较例4和例6从句中的动词特征。
从及物动词和不及物动词的角度可以帮助我们
正确判断先行词在从句中充当的是时间状语还是宾语。
二.先行词为地点名词的定语从句
先行词为地点名词的定语从句中,关系词的选择主要也是两种可能。
先行词在从句中充
当地点状语的用where或是介词+which;在从句中充当从句动词的宾语的用which或that。
这点与先行词为时间名词的定语从句有异曲同工之处。
试比较下列两例:
例7:Is this the factory we will visit next weekend?
A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. what
例8:Is this the factory my father worked ten years ago?
A. where
B. which
C. for which
D. that
运用“句式分解法”分别拆分如下(把原句还原成陈述句为宜):
例7:This is the factory. We will visit the factory next weekend.
例8:This is the factory. My father worked in the factory ten years ago.
通过分解,可以很清楚地看到例7中先行词the factory在从句中充当的是及物动词visit 的宾语,而例8中的先行词充当的则是不及物动词worked的地点状语。
因而可以确定正确答
案分别是B和A。
与先行词为时间名词的定语从句道理相同,我们同样可以运用“成分分析法”,根据从句动词及物和不及物的特征来判断先行词在从句中充当的是地点状语还是宾语。
掌握这个规律,
做题就容易多了。
此外,还要注意缺少先行词的情况。
如:
例9:Is this factory we will visit next weekend?
A. where
B. which
C. the one
D. that
乍一看,句中this factory似乎是定语从句的先行词。
事实上不是。
运用“句式还原法”,把原句还原成陈述句:This factory is we will visit next weekend.这样就一目了然了。
This factory是句子的主语而非先行词。
根据句义,这里缺少先行词,应添加先行词the factory (为避免重复用the one 代替),再加关系词that(可以省略)。
故C选项为正确答案。
三.先行词为原因名词reason的定语从句
当先行词reason在定语从句中充当原因状语时,关系词用why 或者for which。
也可以用that。
在汉语的理解上一般可以套用“为什么……的原因”这样的句式。
当先行词reason 在从句中充当主语或及物动词宾语时,关系词用which或是that。
前面举过的例1就是典型的例子。
例11:The reason John was absent from the conference was still unknown.
A. why
B. which
C. what
D. that
分解句式:W hy was John absent from the conference?The reason was still unknown. A为正确选项。
例12:(改错)Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?
根据句义,原句的意思相当于:The reason may explain her absence.. Have you asked her for the reason?看得出the reason在从句中充当的是主语成分。
因此,原句的关系副词why使用不当,应改为which或that。
补充一点:the reason后面还可以用“for+名词”的形式做限定词。
如:
例14:The reason for her absence was that she was ill.
定语从句的关系词虽然看似很难选择,但如果我们掌握其中的规律,并运用上面所讲的
几种行之有效的方法,问题就变得简单多了。