英语应用文概述
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英语应用文概述
Genenral Remarks on Practical English Writing
英语应用文写作的相关知识 (Related knowledge of Practical English Writing)
应用文是用文字来互通有无、反映情况、传达信息、联系工作的文体,是人们在生活、学习、工作和公务活动中经常使用的多种写作形式。
英语应用文的作用:
1. 交流感情
2. 增进友谊
3. 开展商业活动
4. 促进文化交流
英语应用文的特点:
应用文有两大特点:
一是应用文非常重视格式,书信有书信的格式,通知有通知的格式等等各不相同。
二是应用文写作中有大量的惯用词句。书信中怎样表示感谢,怎样表示道歉,怎样表示祝贺等以及口头通知的开头与结尾都有常见的模式及框架。
英语应用文的范围很广,其中包括:书信、日记、通知、便条、启事、海报、广告等。应用文受其内容特点和表达方式的制约,要求格式规范,结构严谨,语言简洁朴实,以达到准确表达意思、交流思想和传递信息的效果。
英语应用文的分类:
1. 书信 (Letters):社交书信 (Social Letters):
感谢信(Letter of Thanks)
祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations)
道歉信(Letter of Apology)
慰问信(Letter of Consolation)
告别信 (Letter of Farewell)
求职信 (Letter of Application for a Position)
辞职信 (Letter of Resignation)
推荐信 (Letter of Recommendation)
证明信 (Letter of Certification)
询问信 (Letter of Inquiry)
邀请信及回复 ( Letter of Invitation& Reply)
商务书信 (Business Letters):
建立贸易关系(Establishing Business Relations)
销售函 (Sales Letter)
询盘函 (Inquiry Letter)
报盘函 (Offer Letter)
订购函 (Order Letter)
投诉与索赔 (Complaints& Claims)
2. 表格 (Forms)
履历表(Resume)
申请表 (Application Form)
登记表 (Registration Form)
日程表 (Agenda)
调查表 (Questionnaire)
3. 其他 (Others)
电子邮件(E-mail)
传真 (Fax)
电话记录 (Telephone Message)
通知、启示与海报 ( Notice, Announcement & Poster)
证书 (Certificate)
便条与单据 (Note & Receipt)
名片 (Business Card)
正文是英语应用文的主要组成部分,一篇好的应用文, 正文中必须含以下几点:
1. 包括所有需表达的要点, 内容完整;
2. 语言自然流畅,语法、词汇、标点等运用准确;
3. 有效地采用多种衔接的手法, 文字连贯,层次清晰;
4. 运用丰富的词汇和句型;
5. 格式与语域的使用恰当得体。所谓“语域”register,指的是语言运用的场合。表达同一个意思的词有很多,但我们大体上分为正式用语和非正式用语(口语)。比如写一篇商业文书,在用词上就必须非常正式,要避免口语中的用词,意思是要FORMAL。如果是私人信件,那么在用词的选择上非正式用语。
如何准确使用词汇?
1. 注意单词的内涵。 20% discount
2. 注意词汇之间的搭配。 Apply for /to
3. 注意上下文之间的联系,根据不同的语境使用不同的词汇。
Xiao Hong will try/endeavor to pass the exam.
4. 注意中英文化之间的差异。 Dragon
如何写出好的句子?
1. 注意句子的完整。
2. 注意句子的连贯。
3. 注意句子的简洁。
4. 注意句型的多样化。
5. 注意恰当地使用强调。
语法结构和词语等方面的练习:
1. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions are correct.
2. 2.When he tried to make a reservation, he found that the restaurant that he likes was
completely filled because of a wedding function.
3. If he made better use of his time, he will be more likely to finish his research.
4. The climate here is often said to be similar to one of Japan.
5. The firemen were unable to determine exactly what caused the fire when they said they would
continue the investigation.
6. It is often difficult finding trained men than to get financial support for scientific research.
7. The guests were shown into a beautiful decorated dining room.
8. It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been in the decline,
especially among the older people.
9. As far as weather passes, the hotter it gets, the better I like it.
1. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions is correct.
2. When he tried to make a reservation, he found that the restaurant that he liked was completely
filled because of a wedding function.
3. If he made better use of his time, he would be more likely to finish his research.
4. The climate here is often said to be similar to that of Japan.
5. he firemen were unable to determine exactly what caused the fire but they said they would
continue the investigation.
6. It is often difficult to find trained men than to get financial support for scientific research.
7. The guests were shown into a beautifully decorated dining room.
8. It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been on the decline,
especially among the older people.
9. As far as weather goes, the hotter it gets, the better I like it.
英文信函的书写格式 (The Layout of English Letter Writing )
书信的格式:
1. 齐头式 (Block Format):
每项构成要素都顶格写, 信函中所有内容, 包括信内地址、日期、签名等都从信左边顶格开始,每段之间通常隔一行。
2. 缩行式 (Paragraph-indented Format):
每段开头均向后缩进3至5个字母,信头、日期写在右上方, 结束语签名写在右下方。
3. 混合式 (Modified Block Format):
它的信头、日期、结束语、签名的位置与缩行式相同, 但开头都要顶格写。 信的正文部分则是每段开头都要缩格。 这是齐头式与缩行式的混合,手写体常用此格式。
英文信封的写法
1、在信封的左上角写「寄信人」的名字和住址。
2、在信封的中间偏右的地方写「收信人」的名字和住址。
3、寄信人不自称Mr.、Mrs.或Miss,但是在收信人的姓名前则必须加上尊称Mr.、Mrs.或Miss以示礼貌。
4、住址的写法与中文相反;英文住址原则上是由小至大,如必须先写门牌号码、街路名称,再写城市、省(州)和邮政区号,最后一行则写上国家的名称。
5、在信封的右上角贴上邮票。
6、信封上的邮政区号(zip code),在美国州名之后以五位数阿拉伯数字表示,前三位数代表州或都市,后两位数表示邮区,至于邮政区号10027的念法是one double o two seven。
7、住址中常用字:有简写的多用简写:
楼 F(e.g. 2F) 巷 Lane ( e.g. Lane 194) 段 Section;Sec. (e.g. Sec.Ⅱ ) 弄 Alley (e.g. Alley 6)
路 Road;Rd.( e.g. Chunghua Rd.) 街 Street;St.(e.g. Yangkwang St.)