48_精品文档
- 格式:docx
- 大小:341.00 KB
- 文档页数:18
Unit 4 Exploring literature
话题阅读
背景导入:汤显祖是明代成就最高、影响最大的剧作家,其“临川四梦”达到了同时代戏剧创作的高峰。一些中外学者曾将汤显祖与莎士比亚进行平行研究,认为这两位戏剧大师在16世纪与17世纪之交的东西方剧坛上为人类作出了卓越的贡献。文章主要介绍了“中国的莎士比亚”——汤显祖的文学成就及其作品风格。
In his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great wordsmith and
playwright. But he was not the only great master of dramatic writing to die in 1616, and he is
certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theatre.
While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered China's greatest playwright and is
highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.
Tang was born in 1550 in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province, and pursued a low-key career as an
official until, in 1598, he retired to focus on writing. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,
poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin (《紫钗记》), The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream Under the Southern Bough (《南柯记》), and
The Handan Dream (《邯郸记》). The Peony Pavilion is considered as Tang's masterpiece. The rest
three are constructed around a dream narrative, a device through which Tang unlocked the
emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the
social and political restrictions of that time.
Tang lived in the end of the Ming Dynasty and the popularity of his works had a good reason.
Similar to Shakespeare, his success rode the wave of a renaissance in theatre as an artistic practice.
As in Shakespeare's England, Tang's works became hugely popular in China too. During Tang's
China, the way, in which playlets were enjoyed and performed, changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of
musical drama, spread from southern China to the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese
culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, Kunqu Opera was known for its poetic
language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the
popularity of Kunqu Opera, and his playlets are considered as classics of Kunqu Opera.
While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such as the humanity of their drama, their iconic and heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate
them.
【译文】
在莎士比亚逝世402周年时,他仍当之无愧地被称颂为伟大的语言大师和剧作家。但他并不是唯一一位在1616年逝世的戏剧大师,毫无疑问,他也不是唯一一位对戏剧产生深远影响的作家。
汤显祖虽然在世界范围内知名度不高,但却被认为是中国最伟大的剧作家,并且在中国古代文学和戏剧传统中备受尊崇。
汤显祖于1550年出生在江西省临川,他(前半生)低调从政,直到1598年,他退出官场,潜心写作。与创作了大量戏剧、诗歌和十四行诗的莎士比亚不同,汤显祖主要写了四部戏剧:《紫钗记》《牡丹亭》《南柯记》和《邯郸记》。(其中)《牡丹亭》被认为是汤显祖的代表作。其余三部作品都是围绕梦境叙事展开,通过这一叙事手法,汤显祖揭开了人类欲望和野心的情感层面,并探索了超出当时社会和政治约束的人性。
汤显祖生活在明朝末期,他的作品有充分的理由受到人们喜爱。与莎士比亚相似,他的成功得益于戏剧这一艺术形式的复兴。与莎士比亚(的作品)在英格兰一样,汤显祖的作品在中国也非常流行。在汤显祖时代的中国,人们欣赏以及表演戏剧的方式发生了变化。昆曲,一种音乐剧形式,从中国南方地区传播到全国,成为中国文化的一个象征。昆曲结合了北方曲调和南方音乐,以其诗歌语言、音乐、舞蹈动作和手势而闻名。汤显祖的作品十分得益于昆曲的流行,他的戏剧被认为是昆曲经典剧目。
虽然汤显祖和莎士比亚生活在两个相隔甚远的世界,但他们有许多共同点,例如他们的戏剧(所展现出来的)人性、他们标志性的英雄人物、他们对诗歌语言的热爱、经久不衰的魅力以及在他们的周年纪念日,我们仍然会纪念他们。
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1.______ adj. 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的
2.______ n. 蝴蝶
3.______ n. 贝壳;壳
4.______ n. 灵魂;心性,内心
5.______ adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
6.______ n. 要素,基本部分
7.______ n. 特色,特征
vt. 以……为特色,是……的特征
8.______ n. 作者,作家
9.______ adv. 因此,所以
10.______ n. 重要议题,争论的问题;问题,担忧;(报刊)一期
vt. 宣布,公布
11.______ n. (长篇)小说
12.______ adj. 上部的;上面的
13.______ n. 差距;间隙
14.______ n. (事情发生的)背景,环境,来龙去脉;上下文,语境
15.______ adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.____ n.文学,文学作品→____ adj.文学的
2.____ vi.有吸引力;申诉;呼吁 n.吸引力;申诉;呼吁→____ adj.有吸引力的
3.____ vt.确定;决定,支配 vi.决心→____ adj.坚定的→____ n.决定;决心
4.____ adj.有重要意义的,显著的→____ n.意义,重要性
5.____ n.描述,形容,说明→____ vt.描述,描写→____ adj.描述性的;描写的
6.____ adj.感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的→____ n.感官 vt.感觉到→____ adj.可感觉到的;合理的
7.____ vt. & vi.反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思→____ n.反射;思考→____ adj.能反光的;沉思的
8.____ vt. & vi.唤起,被唤起;(使)醒来→____ adj.醒着的
9.____ vt.使(船)下水;开始从事,发动→____ n.发射架;发射装置
10.____ n.永久,持久性→____ adj.永久的;永恒的
11.____ vt.包含,含有,容纳→____ n.容器
12.____ adj.普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的→____ adv.全体地;共同地
13.____ n.总结,概括,概要→____ v.总结,概括
Ⅲ.重点短语
1.______ 经受住时间的考验
2.______ 致力,专心,献身
3.______ 使某人安全
4.______ 把某物放到某人耳边
5.______ 好奇地
6.______ 一系列,各种 7.______ (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
8.______ 努力做某事
9.______ 总之
10.______ 在于
11.______ 当着某人的面
12.______ 人性
13.______ 呈现,具有;承担;雇用
14.______ 凭借,利用
15.______ 结果
Ⅳ.重点句型
1.每本书背后都有一个人……
____________ is a man...
2.总之,我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
In a word, we have now reached a point ________________________.
3.毫无疑问,曹雪芹是根据自己的亲身经历,对当时的生活作出了详细的描述。
____________________, Cao Xueqin gives a detailed description of what life was like at