EN 2003-02-EC Arsenic 0

BS EN1122:2001：湿法消解测定塑料中的镉BS EN 1122：2001：Plastics-determination of cadmium-Wet decomposition method方法3005A：FLAA，ICP方法分析酸式消解水中的总溶解金属METHOD 3005A：ACID DIGESTION OF WATERS FOR TOTAL RECVERABLE OR DISSOLVED METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY FLAA OR ICP SPECTROSCOPY方法3010A： FLAA，ICP方法分析酸式消解水样和蒸馏样中的总金属METHOD 3010A：ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS FOR TOTAL METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY FLAA OR ICP SPECTROSCOPY方法3015：微波酸式消解水样和蒸馏液METHOD 3015：MICROWAVE ASSISTED ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS 方法3020A：G FAA方法分析酸式消解水样和蒸馏样中的总金属METHOD 3010A：ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS FOR TOTAL METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY GFAA SPECTROSCOPY方法3031：AAS，ICP分析酸式消解石油中的金属元素METHOD 3031：ACID DIGESTION OF OILS FOR METALS ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION OR ICP SPECTROMETRY方法3040A：石油，油脂，石蜡的消解程序METHOD 3040A：DISSOLUTION PROCEDURE FOR OILS, GREASES, OR WAXES方法3050B：沉淀物，淤泥，土壤的酸式消解METHOD 3050B：ACID DIGESTION OF SEDIMENTS, SLUDGES, AND SOILS方法3051：沉淀物，淤泥，土壤石油的微波酸式消解METHOD 3051：MICROWAVE ASSISTED ACID DIGESTION OF SEDIMENTS SLUDGES, SOILS, AND OILS方法3052：硅酸盐和有机质的微波酸式消解METHOD 3052：MICROWAVE ASSISTED ACID DIGESTION OF SILICEOUS AND ORGANICALLY BASED MATRICES方法3060：六价铬的碱式消解METHOD 3060A：ALKALINE DIGESTION FOR HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM方法3500B：有机萃取和样品制备METHOD 3500B：ORGANIC EXTRACTION AND SAMPLE PREPARATION方法3510C：分液漏斗的液—液萃取METHOD 3510C ：SEPARATORY FUNNEL LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION方法3520C：连续液-液萃取METHOD3520C：CONTINUOUS LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION方法3535：固相萃取METHOD 3535：SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE)方法3540C：索氏萃取SOXHLET EXTRACTION方法3541：AUTOMATED SOXHLET EXTRACTION方法3542：用方法0010收集半挥发性分析物的萃取物METHOD 3542：EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ANALYTES COLLECTED USING METHOD 0010(MLDIFIED METHOD 5 SAMPLING TRAIN)方法3545：密闭流动萃取METHOD 3545：PRESSURIZED FLUID EXTRACTION (PFE)方法3546：微波萃取METHOD 3546：MICROWAVE EXTRACTION方法3550B：超声波萃取METHOD 3550B：ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION方法3560：超临界流动萃取石油中的中回收物METHOD 3560：SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF TOTAL RECOVERABLE PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS方法3561：多环芳烃的超临界流动萃取METHOD 3561：SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS方法3580：废物稀释METHOD 3580A：WASTE DILUTION方法3585：挥发性有机物的废物稀释METHOD 3585：WASTE DILUTION FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS方法3600C：清除METHOD 3600C：CLEANUP方法3610B：矾土的清除METHOD 3610B：ALUMINA CLEANUP方法3611B：柱状矾土的清除和石油废弃物的分离METHOD 3611B：ALUMINA COLUMN CLEANUP AND SEPARATION OF PETROLEUM WASTES方法3520B：硅酸镁的清除METHOD 3520B：FLORISIL CLEANUP方法3630C：硅胶的清除METHOD 3630C：SILICA GEL CLEANUP方法3640A：渗入硅胶的清除METHOD 3640A：GEL-PERMEATION CLEANUP方法3650B：酸碱的分离清除METHOD 3650B：ACID-BASE PARTITION CLEANUP方法3660B：硫磺的清除METHOD3660B：SULFUR CLEANUP方法3665A：硫酸，高锰酸的清除METHOD 3665A：SULFURIC ACID/PERMANGANATE CLEANUP方法3810：顶部空间METHOD 3810：HEADSPACE方法3820：16烷萃取和净化有机物的屏蔽METHOD 3820：HEXADECANE EXTRACTION AND SCREENING OF PURGEABLE ORGANICS方法7000A：原子吸收方法METHOD 7000A：ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHODS方法7130：镉（原子吸收，直接吸收）METHOD7130：CADMIUM (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, DIRECT ASPIRATION)方法7130A：镉（原子吸收，炉子技术）METHOD7131A：CADMIUM (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, FURNACE TECHNIQUE)方法7190：铬（原子吸收，直接吸收）METHOD7190：CHROMIUM (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, DIRECT ASPIRATION)方法7191：铬（原子吸收，炉子技术）METHOD7191：CHROMIUM (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, FURNACE TECHNIQUE)方法7196A：六价铬（比色）METHOD 7196A：CHROMIUM, HEXAVALENT (COLORIMETRIC)方法7420：铅（原子吸收，直接吸收）方法7420：LEAD (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, DIRECT ASPIRATION)方法7421：铅（原子吸收，炉子技术）METHOD 7421：LEAD (ATOMIC ABSORPTION, DIRECT ASPIRATION)方法7470A：废水中的汞（冷原子蒸汽技术）METHOD 7470A：MERCURY IN LIQUID WASTE (MANUAL COLD-VAPOR TECHNIQUE)方法7471A：固体和固体废弃物中的汞（冷原子蒸汽技术）METHOD 7471A：MERCURY IN SOLID OR SEMISOLID WASTE (MANUAL COLD-VAPOR TECHNIQUE) 方法7473 ：热分解原子吸收光谱法测定固体和液体样品中的汞METHOD 7473：MERCURY IN SOLIDS AND SOLUTIONS BY THERMAL DECOMPODITION AMALGAMATION, AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY方法8000B：限定色谱分离METHOD 8000B：DETERMINATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS方法8081A：气相色谱分析有机氯沙虫剂METHOD 8081A：ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY方法8081B：气相色谱分析有机氯沙虫剂METHOD 8081B：ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY方法8082：气相色谱分析多氯联苯METHOD 8082：POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs) BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY方法8082A：气相色谱分析多氯联苯METHOD 8082A：POLYCHLORINA BIPHENYLS (PCBs) BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY方法8260B：气相色谱/质谱分析挥发性有机化合物METHOD 8260B：VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC/MS)。

商务部公告2003年第21号－－对原产于日本、韩国和美国的进口甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反倾销调查的初裁决定【法规类别】倾销与反倾销【发文字号】商务部公告2003年第21号【发布部门】商务部【发布日期】2003.06.10【实施日期】2003.06.10【时效性】现行有效【效力级别】XE0303中华人民共和国商务部公告（2003年第21号）根据2001年11月通过的《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》（以下简称《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》）的规定，经商原国家经济贸易委员会，原对外贸易经济合作部于2002年5月22日发布公告，决定对原产于日本、韩国和美国的进口甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）（型号为TDI80/20）（以下称“被调查产品”）进行反倾销调查。

该被调查产品在中华人民共和国海关进口税则号中列为：29291010。

原对外贸易经济合作部对被调查产品是否存在倾销及倾销幅度进行了调查，原国家经济贸易委员会对被调查产品是否对国内产业造成损害及损害程度进行了调查。

在案件调查期限内，经十届人大一次会议批准，由新组建的商务部承担反倾销调查职能。

商务部根据调查结果和《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》第24条的规定作出初裁决定（见附件）。

现将有关事项公告如下：一、初裁决定商务部初裁决定被调查产品存在倾销，并对国内产业造成实质损害，同时认定倾销和实质损害之间存在因果关系。

二、对各公司初裁确定的倾销幅度（一）日本1、聚氨酯工业株式会社（NIPPON POLYURETHANE INDUSTRY CO.，LTD） 28％2、三井武田化学株式会社（MITSUI TAKEDA CHEMICAL，INC.） 19％3、其他日本公司：49%（二）韩国1、东洋制铁化学株式会社 (DC Chemical Co.，Ltd) 22％2、韩国FINE CHEMICAL株式会社（Korea Fine Chemical Co，Ltd.） 6％3、其他韩国公司：22%（三）美国1、美国巴斯夫公司 (BASF Corporation) 28%2、美国拜耳公司（Bayer Corporation） 23％3、其他美国公司： 28%三、临时反倾销措施根据《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》第28条和29条的规定，商务部决定采用现金保证金形式实施临时反倾销措施。

氧化镍(Ò)/戊基黄药体系的浮选和表面分析M#L#拉克利基等摘要微浮选试验结果表明,在pH4~8范围内戊基黄药可以浮选氧化镍(Ò)。

Zeta电位测量数据证实了,黄药的存在使得其等电点向酸性范围偏移。

固态吸收红外光谱(KBr压片法)证明了,AmX中末端硫阴离子以单配位方式与Ni2+离子键合。

应用固态红外吸收光谱时,AmX的浓度需要大大高于浮选中使用的浓度。

顶空气相红外光谱可在浮选所用的捕收剂浓度下进行分析。

关键词浮选化学吸附捕收剂黄药Zeta电位概述21世纪,贱金属非硫化矿资源的重要性增大了,其中包括天然产出的资源(如铜、锌和镍的氧化矿石)和二次资源(如冶金渣)。

非硫化矿物通常是亲水的,所以浮选它们比浮选硫化矿物要难得多。

例如,用短链巯基捕收剂(乙基黄药)可成功浮选硫化矿物,而需要用长链捕收剂(脂肪酸或胺)浮选非硫化矿物。

对表面氧化的硫化矿物,需要预先用硫离子活化(硫化),然后与巯基捕收剂搅拌再进行浮选。

已经叙述过用金属阳离子来活化氧化物。

用铅离子预先活化后用黄药浮选石英就是一个实例。

众所周知,黄药可与自然金属反应,戊基黄药可浮选由离析法处理氧化镍矿石生成的金属镍。

本文将报导有关氧化镍/戊基黄药浮选实例。

过去的研究只涉及到辛基黄药在NiO上的吸附和非巯基捕收剂浮选NiO。

本文提出了微浮选试验结果。

同时,联合应用电泳(Zeta电位)和红外光谱测量验证了戊基黄药在氧化镍表面上的存在,并确定了其表面上生成物质的成份。

1试验111物料试验中所用氧化镍(Ò)纯度为99%或991999%,粒度为-44L m。

带6个结晶水的硫酸镍(Ò)纯度为98%。

红外光谱测定所用的溴化钾纯度高于99%。

带有结晶水的碳酸钠纯度为100%,氢氧化钠纯度为97%。

硝酸和盐酸为化学分析纯级。

起泡剂Dow froth250C由Dow化学品公司供给。

戊基钾黄药应用前经再结晶提纯。

112微浮选浮选在由氢氧化钠或盐酸调节的pH4、6、8、10和12条件下进行。

玩具安全标准1.儿童玩具的年龄范围：0 14岁.2.儿童玩具安全标准。

2.1美国—消费品安全公署(CPSC)制定之”玩具及儿童用品条例”.ASTMF963-86玩具安全标准.各种金属元素的规定限量列于下表:part per million-—ppm元素名称铅LEAD（PB) p lumbum可接受之含量0。

060 或600PPM 2.2加拿大--危险品（玩具) 条例由加拿大标准学会(GSA) 制定.2。

3澳洲—-AS.1647玩具安全标准.2.4欧洲—-欧洲共市协调标准EN71（88年版)。

-—英国BS5665 —-法国NF51—2022.5中国(PRC）--GB6675—-86玩具安全.3.玩具之毒性(TOXIGOLOGY)3。

1有毒物质-—制造玩具的物料及合成玩具的各部分都必须清洁，以防任何细菌的传染.3.2重金属成份—-所有制造玩具用的物料,包括塑料，色粉，原料,电度层及润滑济等,均不能含有超量的重金属成份,一般以百分比重（PPM）作计量单位.砒ARSENIC(AS）0。

060 或600PPM镉CADMIUM(CD) 0.060 或600PPM汞MERCURY(HG) 0。

060 或600PPM硒selenium（SE）0。

060 或600PPMAS+CD+HG+SE的总量0.060 或600PPM可溶解的重金属化合物锑SB 0。

025 或250PPM砒AS 0.010 或100PPM钡BA 0。

050 或500PPM硌CR 0.025 或250PPM镉CD 0.010 或100PPM汞HG 0.010 或100PPM4.易燃性能(FLAMMABILITY)——此标准的目的是减低儿童因玩弄易燃玩具而导致灼伤的机会。

4.1 ASTMF 963-86A.玩具成品（包括布类及非布类玩具)：—-将玩具平放燃烧，若速度超过每秒0.1英寸（2。

5MM）便不合格。

B.布料:将一块2X6布料平放在已用车缝线绕好的”U"形燃烧架上,在开口的一端点火规格要求：燃烧速度不可大于于10IN/MIN4.2 EN71-—主要针对玩具面具，假发,假胡须，玩具服装，玩具营帐及布面填充玩具。

RoHS指令检测RoHS是《电气、电子设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》(the Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment)的英文缩写。

目前主要针对电子电气产品中的铅Pb、镉Cd、汞Hg、六价铬Cr6+、多溴联苯PBBs、多溴联苯醚PBDEs六种有害物质进行限制。

以后也将对更多的有害物质进行限制。

该指令由欧洲议会及理事会提出，欧盟成员国将于2006年7月1日起强制实施。

届时将禁止含有有害重金属及以多溴联苯、多溴联苯醚作阻燃剂的电子电气产品进入欧盟市场。

WEEE是《电子电气产品的废弃指令》(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)的英文缩写。

该指令也由欧洲议会及理事会提出，欧盟成员国于2005年8月13日起已经开始强制实施。

其主要目的是预防废弃物的产生，其次是为方便废弃物进行再回收、再使用、再制造，减少资源浪费。

RoHS指令的函盖范围为AC1000V、DC1500V以下的由目录所列出的电子、电气产品：1、大型家用电器：冰箱、洗衣机、微波炉、空调等2、小型家用电器：吸尘器、电熨斗、电吹风、烤箱、钟表等3、IT及通讯仪器：计算机、传真机、电话机、手机等4、民用装置：收音机、电视机、录象机、乐器等5、照明器具：除家庭用照明外的荧光灯等，照明控制装置6、电动工具：电钻、车床、焊接、喷雾器等(需安装的大型产业工具除外)7、玩具/娱乐、体育器械：电动车、电视游戏机、自动赌博机等8、医疗器械：放射线治疗仪、心电图测试仪、分析仪器等9、监视/控制装置：烟雾探测器、恒温箱、工厂用监视控制机等10、自动售货机其中，RoHS指令暂不适用第8、9两条。

欧洲目前已经制定了一些化学物质法规，主要有：76/769/EEC(关于危险物质及调剂的上市和使用限制的指令)；91/157/EEC(关于含有特定危险物质的电池/蓄电池的指令)；94/62/EC(关于包装及废弃物的指令)；2000/53/EC(报废汽车ELV指令)；2002/96/EC(报废电子电气指令WEEE指令)；2002/95/EC(限制电子电气产品使用特定有害物质的指令ROHS指令)。

中华人民共和国2003年发布的化学试剂国家标准
佚名
【期刊名称】《化学试剂》
【年(卷),期】2004(26)4
【总页数】1页(P244-244)
【关键词】中华人民共和国;化学试剂;2003
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O6
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BS EN ISO 13982-1 ＆ 2 ： 2004 -第5类防护服BS EN的ISO 13982-1 ： 2004提供对固体颗粒的防护服性能要求的化学防护服提供保护的全面身体对空气固体颗粒（ 5型服装）•产品必须符合EN340 ： 2003本标准规定了一般要求防护衣物即材料不得已知会造成皮肤刺激或产生任何不利影响健康。

这也细节服装尺寸，标签等测试要求的材料（织物）材料的类型5服装进行测试，以便下面的性能;EN14325 ： 2004年详细的测试方法及性能分类的化学防护服装材料，接缝，组件。

4.4抗磨牢度4.5抗挠裂牢度4.6×抗挠裂牢度-30℃(可选)4.7 梯形撕裂牢度4.10 抗刺强度4.13阻燃牢度试验所需的接缝，加入和组件5防护服接缝应构造，以尽量减少或防止渗透的固体颗粒通过缝洞或其他接缝的组成部分。

接缝强度确定和划分按照EN14325 ： 2004年，第5.5和必须获得至少1级（ >30N ）。

试验方法中规定的条款5.5 EN ISO 13935-2测试抵抗泄漏气溶胶及固体颗粒- 5型防护服符合BS EN ISO 13982-2 ： 2004防护服使用的固体颗粒。

试验测定方法的向内渗漏的气溶胶微粒进入诉讼这种测试方法取代先前Aloxite粒子进行测试的情况下认可的EN测试方法内向渗漏的微粒。

这一试验是使用“真人” ，目的是模拟日常使用。

穿着的服装是根据制造商的指示，包括任何防护设备。

制造商的指示，还必须指定是否额外设备录制的西装，如何录像应该做的事。

至少5个测试项目都参与，每个测试2服。

因此，至少10件检验。

之前进入试验室测试主题（真人），请重复以下序列的运动3次在所谓“正常的工作速度” ;1 ）两膝盖跪地，前倾和地点双手在地板上四十五厘米的前面跪下来。

抓取着双手和膝盖上的距离超过3米和检索向后再次在同一距离2 ）双脚站与宽同肩，手。

提高武器直到它们平行楼前面的机构。

2003 THRU 2024x = digit to identify specific device. Characteristic shown applies to family of devices with remaining digits as shown. See matrix on next page.Data Sheet 29304FIdeally suited for interfacing between low-level logic circuitry and multiple peripheral power loads, the Series ULN20xxA/L high-voltage,high-current Darlington arrays feature continuous load current ratings to 500 mA for each of the seven drivers. At an appropriate duty cycle depending on ambient temperature and number of drivers turned ON simultaneously, typical power loads totaling over 230 W (350 mA x 7,95 V) can be controlled. Typical loads include relays, solenoids,stepping motors, magnetic print hammers, multiplexed LED andincandescent displays, and heaters. All devices feature open-collector outputs with integral clamp diodes.The ULN2003A/L and ULN2023A/L have series input resistors selected for operation directly with 5 V TTL or CMOS. These devices will handle numerous interface needs — particularly those beyond the capabilities of standard logic buffers.The ULN2004A/L and ULN2024A/L have series input resistors for operation directly from 6 to 15 V CMOS or PMOS logic outputs.The ULN2003A/L and ULN2004A/L are the standard Darlington arrays. The outputs are capable of sinking 500 mA and will withstand at least 50 V in the OFF state. Outputs may be paralleled for higher load current capability. The ULN2023A/L and ULN2024A/L will withstand 95 V in the OFF state.These Darlington arrays are furnished in 16-pin dual in-line plastic packages (suffix “A”) and 16-lead surface-mountable SOICs (suffix “L”). All devices are pinned with outputs opposite inputs to facilitate ease of circuit board layout. All devices are rated for operation over the temperature range of -20°C to +85°C. Most (see matrix, next page) are also available for operation to -40°C; to order, change the prefix from “ULN” to “ULQ”.FEATURESI TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS-Compatible Inputs I Output Current to 500 mA I Output Voltage to 95 V I Transient-Protected OutputsI Dual In-Line Plastic Package or Small-Outline IC PackageHIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENTDARLINGTON ARRAYSDwg. No. A-959416151413126117108912345Note that the ULN20xxA series (dual in-line package) and ULN20xxL series (small-outline IC package) are electrically identical and share a common terminal number assignment.ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSOutput Voltage, V CE(ULN200xA and ULN200xL)........ 50 V (ULN202xA and ULN202xL)........ 95 V Input Voltage, V IN ................................ 30 V Continuous Output Current,I C ................................................. 500 mA Continuous Input Current, I IN ........... 25 mA Power Dissipation, P D(one Darlington pair)..................... 1.0 W (total package)....................... See Graph Operating Temperature Range,T A .................................. -20°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range,T S ................................. -55°C to +150°C查询2003供应商2003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENTDARLINGTON ARRAYS115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000V CE(MAX)50 V95 VI C(MAX)500 mA500 mALogic Part Number5VULN2003A*ULN2023A*TTL, CMOS ULN2003L*ULN2023L 6-15 V ULN2004A*ULN2024A CMOS, PMOSULN2004L*ULN2024L*Also available for operation between -40°C and +85°C. To order, change prefix from “ULN” to “ULQ”.Dwg. No. A-9651COM7.2K 3K2.7KX = Digit to identify specific device. Specification shown applies to family of devices with remaining digits as shown. See matrix above.Copyright © 1974, 1998 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.Dwg. No. A-9898AULN20x4A/L (Each Driver)COM7.2K 3K10.5K50751001251502.50.5A L L O W AB L E P AC K A G E P O W E RD I S S I P A T I O N I N W A T T SAMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C2.01.51.025SUFFIX 'L', R = 90°C/W θJADwg. GP-006ASUFFIX 'A', R = 60°C/W θJAULN20x3A/L (Each Driver)DEVICE PART NUMBER DESIGNATIONPARTIAL SCHEMATICS2003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYSTest Applicable Limits Characteristic Symbol Fig.DevicesTest Conditions Min.Typ.Max.Units Output Leakage CurrentI CEX1AA ll V CE = 50 V, T A = 25°C—< 150µA V CE = 50 V, T A = 70°C—< 1100µA 1BULN2004A/LV CE = 50 V, T A = 70°C, V IN = 1.0 V—< 5500µA Collector-Emitter V CE(SAT)2A llI C = 100 mA, I B = 250 µA—0.9 1.1V Saturation Voltagel C = 200 mA, I B = 350 µA— 1.1 1.3V I C = 350 mA, I B = 500 µA—1.3 1.6V Input CurrentI IN(ON)3ULN2003A/L V IN = 3.85 V —0.93 1.35mA ULN2004A/LV IN = 5.0 V —0.350.5mA V IN = 12 V— 1.0 1.45mA I IN(OFF)4A ll l C = 500 µA, T A = 70°C5065—µA Input VoltageV IN(ON)5ULN2003A/LV CE = 2.0 V, l C = 200 mA—— 2.4V V CE = 2.0 V, I C = 250 mA—— 2.7V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 300 mA—— 3.0V ULN2004A/LV CE = 2.0 V, l C = 125 mA—— 5.0V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 200 mA—— 6.0V V CE = 2.0 V, I C = 275 mA——7.0V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 350 mA——8.0V Input Capacitance C IN —A ll —1525pF Turn-On Delay t PLH 8All 0.5 E IN to 0.5 E OUT —0.25 1.0µs Turn-Off Delay t PHL 8All0.5 E IN to 0.5 E OUT —0.25 1.0µs Clamp DiodeI R 6A llV R = 50 V, T A = 25°C ——50µA Leakage Current V R = 50 V, T A = 70°C——100µA Clamp Diode V F7A llI F = 350 mA—1.72.0VForward VoltageComplete part number includes suffix to identify package style: A = DIP, L = SOIC.Types ULN2003A, ULN2003L, ULN2004A, and ULN2004LELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at +25°C (unless otherwise noted).2003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENTDARLINGTON ARRAYS115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000Test Applicable Limits Characteristic Symbol Fig.DevicesTest ConditionsMin.Typ.Max.Units Output Leakage CurrentI CEX1AA ll V CE = 95 V, T A = 25°C—< 150µA V CE = 95 V, T A = 70°C—< 1100µA 1BULN2024A/LV CE = 95 V, T A = 70°C, V IN = 1.0 V—< 5500µA Collector-EmitterV CE(SAT)2A llI C = 100 mA, I B = 250 µA—0.9 1.1V Saturation Voltagel C = 200 mA, I B = 350 µA— 1.1 1.3V I C = 350 mA, I B = 500 µA—1.3 1.6V Input CurrentI IN(ON)3ULN2023A/L V IN = 3.85 V —0.93 1.35mA ULN2024A/LV IN = 5.0 V —0.350.5mA V IN = 12 V— 1.0 1.45mA I IN(OFF)4A ll l C = 500 µA, T A = 70°C5065—µA Input VoltageV IN(ON)5ULN2023A/LV CE = 2.0 V, l C = 200 mA—— 2.4V V CE = 2.0 V, I C = 250 mA—— 2.7V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 300 mA—— 3.0V ULN2024A/LV CE = 2.0 V, l C = 125 mA—— 5.0V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 200 mA—— 6.0V V CE = 2.0 V, I C = 275 mA——7.0V V CE = 2.0 V, l C = 350 mA——8.0V Input Capacitance C IN —A ll —1525pF Turn-On Delay t PLH 8All 0.5 E IN to 0.5 E OUT —0.25 1.0µs Turn-Off Delay t PHL 8All0.5 E IN to 0.5 E OUT —0.25 1.0µs Clamp Diode I R 6A llV R = 95 V, T A = 25°C ——50µA Leakage Current V R = 95 V, T A = 70°C——100µA Clamp Diode V F7A llI F = 350 mA—1.72.0VForward VoltageComplete part number includes suffix to identify package style: A = DIP, L = SOIC.Types ULN2023A, ULN2023L, ULN2024A, and ULN2024LELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at +25°C (unless otherwise noted).2003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYSOPENOPENV CEI CEXµAV INOPENV CEI CEXµAI BOPENh FE =V CE VICI BI CV INOPENmAOPENI INOPENV CEI CµAI INµAVOPENV CEVV INI COPENV RI RµAI FOPENV FV 50%50%50%50%t pHLt pHLOUTPUTINPUTV INPULSE GENERATOR PRR = 10KHz DC = 50%INPUT 93 Ω50 pFOUT 30 Ω100 Ω+50 VDwg. No. A-9732A Dwg. No. A-9733ADwg. No. A-9734AFIGURE 6FIGURE 7FIGURE 8Dwg. No. A-9735ADwg. No. A-9736AV inULN20X3* 3.5 V ULN20X4*12 VTEST FIGURESFIGURE 1AFIGURE 1BFIGURE 2FIGURE 3FIGURE 4FIGURE 5*Complete part number includes a final letter to indicate package.X = Digit to identify specific device. Specification shown applies to family of devices with remaining digits as shown.Dwg. No. A-9731ADwg. No. A-9730ADwg. No. A-9729A115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000Dwg. GP-067COLLECTOR-EMITTER SATURATION VOLTAGE Dwg. GP-068INPUT CURRENT IN µA2003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYSTYPICAL APPLICATIONSINPUT CURRENTAS A FUNCTION OF INPUT VOLTAGETypes ULN2004A, ULN2004L, ULN2024A, andULN2024L16151413126117108912345Dwg. No. A-9653A+V+V CCTTLOUTPUT16151413126117108912345Dwg. No. A-10,175+V+V CCTTL OUTPUTR PTypes ULN2003A, ULN2003L, ULN2023A, andULN2023L3.0Dwg. GP-0695.06.0INPUT VOLTAGE2.02.52.0I N P U T C U R R E N T I N m A — II N1.0MA X I M U M 0.51.54.0AREA OF NORMAL OPERATION WITH STANDARD OR SCHOTTKY TTLT Y P I C A L6Dwg. GP-069-11012INPUT VOLTAGE52.0I N P U T C U R R E N T I N m A — I I N1.0M AX I M U M0.51.58T Y P IC A L 79112003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENTDARLINGTON ARRAYS115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000PACKAGE DESIGNATOR “A”Dimensions in Inches (controlling dimensions)Dimension in Millimeters (for reference only)NOTES:1.Leads 1, 8, 9, and 16 may be half leads at vendor’s option.2.Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below.3.Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative.4.Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown.Dwg. MA-001-16A mm16189Dwg. MA-001-16A in161892003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYSPACKAGE DESIGNATOR “L”Dimensions in Inches (for reference only)Dimension in Millimeters (controlling dimensions)NOTES:1.Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative.2.Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown.Dwg. MA-007-16A mm169Dwg. MA-007-16 in1692003 THRU 2024HIGH-VOLTAGE,HIGH-CURRENTDARLINGTON ARRAYS115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000The products described here are manufactured under one or more U.S. patents or U.S. patents pending.Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, ormanufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current.Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support devices or systems without express written approval.The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsi-bility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.。

欧洲合金标准目录国家国家标准化组织网站欧洲合金标准目录编号中文名称英文名称CR 10316-2001 低合金钢的光辐射分析（常规法）发射光谱法的标准常规法制定指南Optical emission analysis of low alloy steels (routine method) - Guidelines for the preparation of standardroutine method for optical emission spectrometryCR 12471-2002 镍从直接和长期接触皮肤的物品的合金和镀层中释放的屏蔽试验Screening tests for nickel release from alloys and coatings in items that come into direct and prolonged contact withthe skinCR 12776-1997 铜和铜合金材料号分配和材料登记的规定和程序Copper and copper alloys - Provisions and procedures for the allocation of material numbers and registration of materialsCR 13388-1998 铜和铜合金组分和产品一览表Copper and copper alloys - Compendium of compositions and productsEN 10016-1-1994 拉制和/或冷轧用非合金钢棒第1部分：一般要求Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling - Part 1: General requirementsEN 10016-2-1994 拉制和/或冷轧用非合金钢棒第2部分：一般用钢棒的特殊要求Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling - Part 2: Specific requirements for general purposes rod EN 10016-3-1994 拉制和/或冷轧用非合金钢棒第3部分：沸腾和沸腾代用低碳钢棒的特殊要求Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling - Part 3: Specific requirements for rimmed andrimmed substitute low carbon steel rodEN 10016-4-1994 拉制和/或冷轧用非合金钢棒第4部分：专用棒材的特殊要求Non-alloy steel rod for drawing and/or cold rolling - Part 4: Specific requirements for rod for specialapplicationsEN 10025-1993 热轧非合金结构钢制品交货技术条件Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels;technical delivery conditions (includes amendment A1:1993)EN 10028-2-2003 压力用途的钢板制品第2部分：具有规定的耐高温性能的非合金钢和合金钢Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels withspecified elevated temperature propertiesEN 10028-4-2003 压力用途的钢板制品第4部分：具有低温特性的镍合金钢Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified low temperaturepropertiesEN 10051-1997+A1-1997 非合金钢和合金钢连续热轧钢板材、薄板和带材规范尺寸和形状公差Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels -Tolerances on dimensions and shape (includes amendment A1:1997)EN 10083-2-1996+A1-1996 淬火钢和回火钢第2部分：非合金级钢交货技术条件Quenched and tempered steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for unalloyed quality steels(includes Amendment A1:1996)EN 10090-1998 内燃机阀门用钢和合金Valve steels and alloys for internal combustion enginesEN 10095-1999 耐热钢和镍合金Heat resisting steels and nickel alloysEN 1011-4-2000 焊接金属材料焊接的推荐规范第4部分：铝和铝合金的电弧焊接Welding -Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 4: Arc welding of aluminiumand aluminium alloysEN 10126-1995 半成品交货的冷轧非合金钢电工钢薄板和钢带Cold rolled electricalnon-alloyed steel sheet and strip delivered in the semi-processed stateEN 10165-1995 半成品交货的冷轧电工合金钢制薄板和带材Cold rolled electrical alloyedsteel sheet and strip delivered in the semi-processed stateEN 10210-1-1994 非合金及细晶粒结构钢的热轧结构空心型材交货技术条件Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels; part 1: technical deliveryrequirementsEN 10210-2-1997 非合金及细晶粒结构钢的热轧结构空心型材第2部分：公差、尺寸和截面特性Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels - Part 2:Tolerances, dimensions and sectional propertiesEN 10216-1-2002 压力用途的无缝钢管交货技术条件第1部分：有规定室温特性的非合金钢管Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties / Note: To beamended by EN 10216-1/prA1 (2003-07).EN 10216-2-2002 压力用途的无缝钢管交货技术条件第2部分：有规定高温特性的非合金及合金钢管Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2:Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties / Note:To be amended by EN 10216-2/prA1 (2003-07).EN 10216-3-2002 压力用途的无缝钢管交货技术条件第3部分：合金细晶粒钢管Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes /Note: To be amended by EN 10216-3/prA1 (2003-07).EN 10216-4-2002 压力用途的无缝钢管交货技术条件第4部分：有规定低温特性的非合金及合金钢管Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions -Part 4: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties /Note: To be amended by EN 10216-4/prA1 (2003-07).EN 10217-1-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第1部分：有规定室温特性的非合金钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature propertiesEN 10217-2-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第2部分：有规定高温特性的电焊非合金及合金钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions -Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevatedtemperature propertiesEN 10217-3-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第3部分：合金细晶粒钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubesEN 10217-4-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第4部分：有规定低温特性的电焊非合金钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part4: Electric welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature propertiesEN 10217-5-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第5部分：有规定高温特性的埋弧焊非合金及合金钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions –Part 5: Submerged arc welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevatedtemperature propertiesEN 10217-6-2002 压力用途的焊接钢管交货技术条件第6部分：有规定低温特性的埋弧焊非合金钢管Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part6: Submerged arc welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature propertiesEN 10219-1-1997 冷成型细晶粒钢和非合金钢的焊接结构空心型材第1部分：交货技术要求Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part1: Technical delivery requirementsEN 10219-2-1997 冷成型细晶粒钢和非合金钢的焊接结构空心型材第2部分：公差、尺寸和截面特性Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels- Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional propertiesEN 10223-1-1997 栅栏用钢丝和钢丝制品第1部分：镀锌和镀锌合金的有刺钢丝Steel wire and wire products for fences - Part 1: Zinc and zinc-alloy coated steel barbed wireEN 10224-2002 输送液体（包括人类生活用水）用的非合金钢管和管件交货技术条件Non-alloy steel tubes and fittings for the conveyance of aqueous liquids including water for humanconsumption - Technical delivery conditionsEN 10244-2-2001 钢丝和钢丝制品钢丝上的非黑色金属外层第2部分：锌或锌合金镀层Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 2: Zinc or zinc alloycoatingsEN 10248-1-1995 非合金钢制热轧板堆第1部分：交货技术条件Hot rolled sheet piling of non alloy steels - Part 1: Technical delivery conditionsEN 10248-2-1995 非合金钢制热轧板堆第2部分：尺寸和形状公差Hot rolled sheet piling of non alloy steels - Part 2: Tolerances on shape and dimensionsEN 10249-1-1995 非合金钢制冷成型板堆第1部分：交货技术条件Cold formed sheet piling of non alloy steels - Part 1: Technical delivery conditionsEN 10249-2-1995 非合金钢制冷成型板堆第2部分：尺寸和形状公差Cold formed sheet piling of non alloy steels - Part 2: Tolerances on shape and dimensionsEN 10250-2-1999 一般工程用途的敞口钢模锻件第2部分：非合金钢和特殊钢Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy quality andspecial steelsEN 10250-3-1999 一般工程用途的敞口钢模锻件第3部分：合金特殊钢Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 3: Alloy special steelsEN 10257-1-1998 动力电缆或通信电缆铠甲用镀锌或锌合金的非合金钢电线第1部分：地面电缆Zinc or zinc alloy coated non-alloy steel wire for armouring either power cables ortelecommunication cables - Part 1: Land cablesEN 10257-2-1998 动力电缆或通信电缆铠甲用镀锌或锌合金的非合金钢电线第2部分：海底电缆Zinc or zinc alloy coated non-alloy steel wire for armouring either power cables ortelecommunication cables - Part 2: Submarine cablesEN 10264-2-2002 钢丝和钢丝制品绳用钢丝第2部分：一般用途绳用冷拔非合金钢丝Steel wire and wire products - Steel wire for ropes - Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropesfor general applicationsEN 10264-3-2002 钢丝和钢丝制品绳用钢丝第3部分：重载用途圆形和成形非合金钢丝Steel wire and wire products - Steel wire for ropes - Part 3: Round and shaped non alloyed steel wire forhigh duty applicationsEN 10268-1998 冷成形用高屈服强度微合金钢的冷轧扁钢材交货一般条件Cold-rolled flat products made of high yield strength micro-alloyed steels for cold forming - General deliveryconditionsEN 10269-1999 规定高温和/或低温性能的紧固件用钢及镍合金Steels and nickel alloys forfasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature propertiesEN 10296-1-2003 机械和一般工程用途的焊接圆形钢管交货技术条件第1部分：非合金钢管和合金钢管Welded circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technicaldelivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubesEN 10297-1-2003 机械和一般工程用途的无缝圆形钢管交货技术条件第1部分：非合金钢管和合金钢管Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes- Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubesEN 10302-2002 抗蠕变钢、镍和钴合金Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloysEN 1057-1996 铜和铜合金在卫生和加热器中输送水和气体用无缝圆铜管Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and heating applicationsEN 1092-3-2003 法兰及其连接按PN标注的管、阀门、配件及其附件用圆形法兰第3部分：铜合金法兰Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings andaccessories PN designated - Part 3: Copper alloy flangesEN 1092-4-2002 法兰及其连接按PN标注的管、阀门、配件及其附件用圆形法兰第4部分：铝合金法兰Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PNdesignated - Part 4: Aluminium alloy flangesEN 1172-1996 铜和铜合金建筑用薄板和带材Copper and copper alloys - Sheet and strip for building purposesEN 1173-1995 铜和铜合金原料条件或回火名称Copper and copper alloys - Material condition or temper designationEN 1179-2003 锌和锌合金初级锌Zinc and zinc alloys - Primary zincEN 12019-1997 锌和锌合金光学发射分光光度测定法Zinc and zinc alloys - Optical emission spectrometric analysisEN 12020-1-2001 铝和铝合金合金EN AW-6060和EN AW-6063的精密压制型材第1部分：检验与交货技术条件Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloysEN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and deliveryEN 12020-2-2001 铝和铝合金合金EN AW-6060和EN AW-6063的精密压制型材第2部分：尺寸与形状公差Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloys ENAW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 2: Tolerances on dimensions and formEN 12060-1997 锌和锌合金取样方法规范Zinc and zinc alloys - Method of sampling - Specifications EN 1213-1999 建筑物阀门建筑物内便携式供水用的铜合金断流阀试验和要求Building valves - Copper alloy stopvalves for potable water supply in buildings - Tests and requirementsEN 12163-1998 铜和铜合金一般用途的棒材Copper and copper alloys - Rod for general purposesEN 12164-1998+A1-2000 铜和铜合金供快速切削用的棒材Copper and copper alloys - Rod for free machining purposesEN 12165-1998 铜和铜合金已加工和未加工的锻坯Copper and copper alloys - Wrought and unwrought forging stockEN 12166-1998 铜和铜合金一般用途的线材Copper and copper alloys - Wire for general purposesEN 12167-1998 铜及铜合金一般用途的型材和扁棒材Copper and copper alloys - Profiles and rectangular bar for general purposesEN 12168-1998+A1-2000 铜和铜合金用于非加工目的的空心棒材Copper and copper alloys - Hollow rod for free machining purposesEN 12258-1-1998 铝和铝合金术语和定义第1部分：通用术语Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Terms and definitions - Part 1: General termsEN 12258-3-2003 铝和铝合金术语和定义第3部分：废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Terms anddefinitions - Part 3: ScrapEN 12288-2003 工业用阀铜合金闸阀Industrial valves - Copper alloy gate valvesEN 12373-1-2001 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第1部分：铝上装饰和保护阳极氧化膜的测定方法Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 1: Method for specifying decorative andprotective anodic oxidation coatings on aluminiumEN 12373-10-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第10部分：用磨擦喷射试验机测定阳极氧化膜的平均比耐磨性Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 10: Measurement of mean specificabrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings using an abrasive jet test apparatus EN 12373-11-2000 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第11部分：20°、45°、60°或85°角处测量阳极氧化膜在的镜面反射率和镜面光泽度Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 11:Measurement of specular reflectance and specular gloss of anodic oxidation coatingsat angles of 20? 45? 60?or 85?国际标准分类号：25.220.2077.120.10英文标准名称：Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part11: Measurement of specular reflectance and specular gloss of anodicoxidation coatings at angles of 20? 45? 60?or 85?EN 12373-12-2000 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第12部分：用积分球仪测量铝表面的反射特性Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 12: Measurement of reflectance characteristics ofaluminium surfaces using integrating-sphere instrumentsEN 12373-13-2000 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第13部分：用测角光度仪或滤色测角光度仪测量铝表面的反射特性Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 13: Measurement ofreflectance characteristics of aluminium surfaces using a goniophotometer or anabridged goniophotometerEN 12373-14-2000 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第14部分：阳极氧化膜成象清晰度的目测座标比例尺法Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 14: Visual determination of imageclarity of anodic oxidation coatings - Chart scale methodEN 12373-15-2000 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第15部分：阳极氧化膜抗形变破裂性的评定Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 15: Assessment of resistance of anodic oxidationcoatings to cracking by deformationEN 12373-16-2001 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第16部分：薄阳极氧化膜的连续性检验硫酸铜试验Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 16: Check of continuity of thinanodic oxdation coatings; Copper sulfate testEN 12373-17-2001 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第17部分：电击穿电压的测定Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 17: Determination of electric breakdown potentialEN 12373-18-2001 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第18部分：点蚀评定铝用检定系统图表法Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 18: Rating system for the evaluation of pittingcorrosion; Chart methodEN 12373-19-2001 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第19部分：点蚀评定铝用检定系统网格法Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 19: Rating system for the evaluation of pittingcorrosion; Grid methodEN 12373-2-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第2部分：阳极氧化膜单位面积质量（表面密度）的测定重量分析法Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 2: Determination of mass perunit area (surface density) of anodic oxidation coatings - Gravimetric methodEN 12373-3-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第3部分：阳极氧化膜厚度的测定分束显微镜无损测量Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 3: Determination of thickness ofanodic oxidation coatings - Non-destructive measurement by split-beam microscope EN 12373-4-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第4部分：通过事先经酸处理的染斑试验估计封闭后阳极氧化膜吸收能力的损失Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 4: Estimation ofloss of absorptive power of anodic oxidation coatings after sealing by dye spot test withprior acid treatmentEN 12373-5-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第5部分：用导纳测量法评定封闭阳极氧化膜的质量Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 5: Assessment of quality of sealed anodicoxidation coatings by measurement of admittanceEN 12373-6-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第6部分：通过测量事发未经酸处理的磷酸/铬酸中浸泡后的质量损失评定封闭阳极氧化膜Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 6:Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measurement of the loss ofmass after immersion in phosphoric acid/chromic acid solution without prior acidtreatmentEN 12373-7-2002 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第7部分：通过测量事发经酸处理的磷酸/铬酸中浸泡后的质量损失评定封闭阳极氧化膜的Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 7:Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measurement of the lossof mass after immersion in phosphoric acid/chromic acid solution with prior acidtreatmentEN 12373-8-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第8部分：着色阳极氧化膜可比耐紫外光和耐热色牢固度的测定Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 8: Determination of the comparativefastness to ultra-violet light and heat of coloured anodic oxidation coatingsEN 12373-9-1998 铝和铝合金阳极氧化第9部分：用磨擦轮磨损试验机测定阳极氧化膜耐磨性和耐磨系数Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Anodizing - Part 9: Measurement of wearresistance and wear index of anodic oxidation coatings using an abrasive wheel weartest apparatusEN 12384-1999 铜和铜合金带材弹性弯曲极限的测定Copper and copper alloys - Determination of spring bending limit on stripEN 12392-2000 铝和铝合金锻制品压力设备生产用制品的特殊要求Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Special requirements for products intended for the production ofpressure equipmentEN 12402-1999 铅和铅合金分析用取样方法Lead and lead alloys - Methods of sampling for analysis EN 12420-1999 铜和铜合金锻件Copper and copper alloys - ForgingsEN 12421-1998 镁和镁合金纯镁Magnesium and magnesium alloys - Unalloyed magnesiumEN 12438-1998 镁和镁合金铸造阳极用镁合金Magnesium and magnesium alloys - Magnesium alloys for cast anodesEN 12441-1-2001 锌和锌合金化学分析第1部分：锌合金中铝的测定滴定法Zinc and zinc alloys - Chemical analysis - Part 1: Determination of aluminium in zinc alloys; Titrimetric method EN 12441-2-2001 锌和锌合金化学分析第2部分：锌合金中镁的测定火焰原子吸收光谱法Zinc and zinc alloys - Chemical analysis - Part 2: Determination of magnesium in zinc alloys;Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methodEN 12441-3-2001 锌和锌合金化学分析第3部分：铅、镉和铜的测定火焰原子吸收光谱法Zinc und zinc alloys - Chemical analysis - Part 3: Determination of lead, cadmium and copper;Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methodEN 12441-4-2003 锌和锌合金化学分析第4部分：用分光光度法测定锌合金中的铁Zinc and zinc alloys- Chemical analysis - Part 4: Determination of iron in zinc alloys; SpectrophotometricmethodEN 12441-5-2003 锌和锌合金化学分析第5部分：用分光光度法测定原生锌中的铁Zinc and zinc alloys - Chemical analysis - Part 5: Determination of iron in primary zinc; SpectrophotometricmethodEN 12441-6-2003 锌和锌合金化学分析第6部分：用原子吸收光谱法测定铝和铁Zinc and zinc alloys - Chemical analysis - Part 6: Determination of aluminium and iron-Flame atomic absorptionspectrometric methodEN 12449-1999 铜和铜合金通用无缝圆管Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round tubes for general purposesEN 12450-1999 铜和铜合金无缝圆铜毛细管Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper capillary tubesEN 12451-1999 铜和铜合金热交换器用无缝圆管Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round tubes for heat exchangersEN 12452-1999 铜和铜合金热交换器用轧制翅片无缝管Copper and copper alloys - Rolled, finned, seamless tubes for heat exchangersEN 12482-1-1998 铝和铝合金一般用重轧坯料第1部分：热轧重轧坯料规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Reroll stock for general applications - Part 1: Specifications for hot rolled rerollstockEN 12482-2-1998 铝和铝合金一般用重轧坯料第2部分：冷轧重轧坯料规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Reroll stock for general applications - Part 2: Specifications for cold rolled rerollstockEN 12487-2000 金属的防腐蚀铝和铝合金上清洗和非清洗的铬酸盐转化镀层Corrosion protection of metals - Rinsed and non-rinsed chromate conversion coatings on aluminium andaluminium alloysEN 12501-2-2003 金属材料的防腐泥土中可能出现的腐蚀第２部分：低合金和非合金的钢铁材料Protection of metallic materials against corrosion - Corrosion likelihood in soil - Part 2:Low alloyed and non alloyed ferrous materialsEN 12508-2000 金属和合金的防腐表面处理、金属和其它无机涂层词汇Corrosion protection of metals and alloys - Surface treatment, metallic and other inorganic coatings - Vocabulary EN 12536-2000 焊接消耗品非合金钢和抗蠕变钢气焊用焊条分类Welding consumables - Rods for gas welding of non alloy and creep-resisting steels - ClassificationEN 1254-1-1998 铜和铜合金管件第1部分：低温焊接或纤焊接到铜管上的毛细管用端头管件Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings - Part 1: Fittings with ends for capillary soldering orcapillary brazing to copper tubesEN 1254-2-1998 铜和铜合金管件第2部分：铜管用压接端头管件Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings - Part 2: Fittings with compression ends for use with copper tubesEN 1254-3-1998 铜和铜合金管件第3部分：塑料管用压接端头管件Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings - Part 3: Fittings with compression ends for use with plastics pipesEN 1254-4-1998+AC-1999 铜和铜合金管件第4部分：带有与毛细管端接或压接端头的管件Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings - Part 4: Fittings combining other end connections withcapillary or compression endsEN 1254-5-1998 铜和铜合金管件第5部分：纤焊到铜管的毛细管用短端头管件Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings - Part 5: Fittings with short ends for capillary brazing to coppertubesEN 12548-1999 铅和铅合金电缆铍和护套用铅合金铸锭Lead and lead alloys - Lead alloy ingots for electric cable sheathing and for sleevesEN 12588-1999 铅和铅合金建筑物用铅轧皮Lead and lead alloys - Rolled lead sheet for building purposesEN 12659-1999 铅和铅合金铅Lead and lead alloys - LeadEN 12735-1-2001 铜和铜合金空调和制冷用无缝圆铜管第１部分：管道系统用管子Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration - Part 1:Tubes for piping systemsEN 12735-2-2001 铜和铜合金空调和制冷用无缝圆铜管第２部分：设备用管子Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration - Part 2:Tubes for equipmentEN 12844-1998 锌和锌合金铸件规范Zinc and zinc alloys - Castings - SpecificationsEN 12861-1999 铜与铜合金废料Copper and copper alloys - ScrapEN 12862-2000 可运输气瓶可移动再充式焊接铝合金气瓶的设计和结构规范Transportable gas cylinders - Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable welded aluminiumalloy gas cylindersEN 12893-2000 铜和铜合金螺旋拉伸数的测定Copper and copper alloys - Determination of spiral elongation numberEN 12938-1999 铅锡锑合金的分析方法用原子光谱法测定合金及杂质元素含量Methods for the analysis of pewter - Determination of alloying and impurity element contents by atomicspectrometryEN 1301-1-1997 铝和铝合金拉制线材第1部分：检查和交货的技术条件Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and deliveryEN 1301-2-1997+AC-1998 铝和铝合金拉制线材第2部分：机械性能Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire - Part 2: Mechanical propertiesEN 1301-3-1997 铝和铝合金拉制线材第3部分：尺寸和公差Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire - Part 3: Tolerances on dimensionsEN 13086-2000 铅和铅合金氧化铅Lead and lead alloys - Lead oxidesEN 13147-2001 铜和铜合金窄带材边界区域中残余应力的测定Copper and copper alloys - Determination of residual stresses in the border area of slit stripEN 13148-2001 铜和铜合金热浸镀锡带材Copper and copper alloys - Hot-dip tinned stripEN 13195-1-2002 铝和铝合金海洋设备（造船、海运和海上设备）用锻造和浇铸产品Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought and cast products for marine applications (shipbuilding,marine and offshore) - Part 1: SpecificationsEN 13283-2002 锌和锌合金再生锌Zinc and zinc alloys - Secondary zincEN 13347-2002 铜和铜合金焊接和黄铜焊用棒和线Copper and copper alloys - Rod andwire for welding and braze weldingEN 13348-2001 铜和铜合金医用气体或真空用无缝圆铜管Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for medical gases or vacuumEN 13349-2002 铜和铜合金带实心覆盖层的预绝缘铜管Copper and copper alloys - Pre-insulated copper tubes with solid coveringEN 13599-2002 铜和铜合金电气用途的铜板、铜片和铜条Copper and copper alloys - Copperplate, sheet and strip for electrical purposesEN 13600-2002 铜和铜合金电气用途的无缝铜管Copper and copper alloys - Seamlesscopper tubes for electrical purposesEN 13601-2002 铜和铜合金常规电气用途的铜棒、铜条和铜线Copper and copper alloys -Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposesEN 13602-2002 铜和铜合金用于制造导电体的拉制圆铜线Copper and copper alloys - Drawn,round copper wire for the manufacture of electrical conductorsEN 13603-2002 铜和铜合金评估电气用途拉制圆铜线上的保护锡镀层的试验方法Copper and copper alloys - Test methods for assessing protective tin coatings on drawn round copper wire forelectrical purposesEN 13604-2002 铜和铜合金电子管、半导体器件和真空设备用高导电率铜产品Copper and copper alloys - Products of high conductivity copper for electronic tubes, semiconductor devices andvacuum applicationsEN 13605-2002 铜和铜合金电气用途的铜型材和型线材Copper and copper alloys - Copperprofiles and profiled wire for electrical purposesEN 13828-2003 建筑物阀门建筑物中饮用水供水用手动铜合金及不锈钢球阀试验和要求Building valves - Manually operated copper alloy and stainless steel ball valves for potable water supply inbuildings - Test and requirementsEN 1386-1996 铝和铝合金梯级金属板规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Tread plate - SpecificationsEN 13920-1-2003 铝和铝合金废料第1部分：一般要求、取样和试验Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 1: General requirements, sampling and testsEN 13920-10-2003 铝和铝合金废料第10部分：由用过的铝饮料罐组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 10: Scrap consisting of use aluminium beverage cansEN 13920-11-2003 铝和铝合金废料第11部分：包括铝-铜散热器在内的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 11: Scrap consisting of aluminium-copper radiatorsEN 13920-12-2003 铝和铝合金废料第12部分：由单一合金组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 12: Turnings consisting of one single alloyEN 13920-13-2003 铝和铝合金废料第13部分：由两种或多种合金组成的混合切屑Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 13: Mixed turnings consisting of twoor more alloysEN 13920-14-2003 铝和铝合金废料第14部分：消费品铝包装生产的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 14: Scrap from post-consumer aluminiumpackagingsEN 13920-15-2003 铝和铝合金废料第15部分：消费品铝包装产生的去涂层铝废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 15: Decoated aluminium scrap frompost-consumer aluminium packagingsEN 13920-16-2003 铝和铝合金废料第16部分：由浮渣、碎屑、铸锭的金属物组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 16: Scrap consisting of skimmings, drosses, spills andmetallicsEN 13920-2-2003 铝和铝合金废料第2部分：纯铝废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys -Scrap - Part 2: Unalloyed aluminium scrapEN 13920-3-2003 铝和铝合金废料第3部分：线头和缆绳Aluminium and aluminium alloys -Scrap - Part 3: Wire and cable scrapEN 13920-4-2003 铝和铝合金废料第4部分：由单一锻压合金组成的废料Aluminium and aluminiumalloys - Scrap - Part 4: Scrap consisting of one single wrought alloyEN 13920-5-2003 铝和铝合金废料第5部分：由同一系列的两种或多种锻压合金组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 5: Scrap consisting of two or more wrought alloysof the same seriesEN 13920-6-2003 铝和铝合金废料第6部分：由两种或多种锻压合金组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 6: Scrap consisting of two or more wrought alloysEN 13920-7-2003 铝和铝合金废料第7部分：由铸锭组成的废料Aluminium and aluminiumalloys - Scrap - Part 7: Scrap consisting of castingsEN 13920-8-2003 铝和铝合金废料第8部分：由铝分离工艺必经的切岁程序中产生的非铁质材料组成的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 8: Scrap consisting of non-ferrousmaterials from shredding processes destined to aluminium separation processesEN 13920-9-2003 铝和铝合金废料第9部分：非铁质碎料的铝分离工艺所产生的废料Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Scrap - Part 9: Scrap from aluminium separation processes ofnon-ferrous shredded materialsEN 13957-2003 铝合及铝合金一般用途挤压圆形、蛇形管规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded round, coiled tube for general applications - SpecificationEN 13958-2003 铝及铝合金一般用途冷拉圆形、蛇形管规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn round, coiled tube for general applications - SpecificationEN 1396-1996 铝和铝合金一般用途的盘绕涂层薄板和带材规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Coil coated sheet and strip for general applications - SpecificationsEN 13981-1-2003 铝及铝合金铁路结构用产品，检验和交货技术条件第1部分：挤压产品Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Products for structural railway applications; Technical conditionsfor inspection and delivery - Part 1: Extruded productsEN 14057-2003 铅及铅合金废料术语和定义Lead and lead alloys - Scraps - Terms and definitions EN 1412-1995 铜和铜合金欧洲编号系统Copper and copper alloys - European numbering systemEN 14121-2003 铝及铝合金电工用铝片、铝带和铝板Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Aluminium sheet, strip and plate for electrotechnical applicationsEN 1503-4-2002 阀门阀体、阀帽和阀套用材料第3部分：欧洲标准规定的铜合金Valves - Materials for bodies, bonnets and covers - Part 4: Copper alloys specified in European StandardsEN 1559-4-1999 铸造交货的技术条件第3部分：铝合金铸件的附加要求Founding - Technicalconditions of delivery - Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium alloy castingsEN 1559-5-1997 铸造交货的技术条件镁合金铸件的附加要求Founding - Technical conditionsof delivery - Part 5: Additional requirements for magnesium alloy castingsEN 1559-6-1998 铸造交货的技术条件锌合金铸件附加要求Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 6: Additional requirements for zinc alloy castingsEN 1592-1-1997 铝和铝合金HF接缝焊接管第1部分：检验和交货技术条件Aluminium and aluminium alloys - HF seam welded tubes - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery EN 1592-2-1997 铝和铝合金HF接缝焊接管第2部分：机械性能Aluminium and aluminiumalloys - HF seam welded tubes - Part 2: Mechanical propertiesEN 1592-3-1997 铝和铝合金HF接缝焊接管第3部分：圆形管的尺寸和形状公差Aluminium and aluminium alloys - HF seam welded tubes - Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions and formfor circular tubesEN 1592-4-1997 铝和铝合金HF接缝焊接管第4部分：方形、矩形和异形管的尺寸和形状公差Aluminium and aluminium alloys - HF seam welded tubes - Part 4: Tolerances on dimensions andform for square, rectangular and shaped tubesEN 1597-1-1997 焊料试验方法第1部分：镍和镍合金钢中完全焊接金属试验样品用试件Welding consumables - Test methods - Part 1: Test piece for all-weld metal test specimens insteel, nickel and nickel alloysEN 1652-1997 铜和铜合金一般用途的平板、薄板材、带材和圆形材Copper and copper alloys - Plate, sheet, strip and circles for general purposesEN 1653-1997+A1-200 铜和铜合金锅炉、压力容器和蓄热水器用的平板、薄板材和圆形材Copper and copper alloys - Plate, sheet and circles for boilers, pressure vessels and hot water storageunitsEN 1654-1997+AC-2003 铜和铜合金弹簧和连接器用带材Copper and copper alloys - Strip for springs and connectorsEN 1655-1997 铜和铜合金符合性声明Copper and copper alloys - Declarations of conformityEN 1668-1997 焊接耗材非合金和细晶粒钢的惰性气体保护钨极焊用焊条焊丝和熔敷分类Welding consumables - Rods, wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non alloy and finegrain steels - ClassificationEN 1669-1996 铝及铝合金试验方法薄板材和带材的耳子试验Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Test methods - Earing test for sheet and stripEN 1676-1996 铝及铝合金重熔用的合金锭规范Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Alloyed ingots for remelting - SpecificationsEN 1706-1998 铝及铝合金铸件化学成分和机械性能Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Castings - Chemical composition and mechanical propertiesEN 1715-1-1997 铝和铝合金拉制件第1部分：检验和交货的一般要求及技术条件Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawing stock - Part 1: General requirements and technical conditionsfor inspection and deliveryEN 1715-2-1997+AC-1998 铝和铝合金拉制坯料第2部分：电气应用的特殊要求Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawing stock - Part 2: Specific requirements for electrical applications EN 1715-3-1997+AC-1998 铝和铝合金拉制坯料第3部分：机械应用的特殊要求(包括焊接) Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawing stock - Part 3: Specific requirements for mechanical uses(excluding welding)EN 1715-4-1997 铝和铝合金拉制坯料第4部分：焊接应用的特殊要求Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawing stock - Part 4: Specific requirements for welding applicationsEN 1753-1997+AC-1997 镁和镁合金镁合金锭和铸件Magnesium and magnesium alloys - Magnesium alloy ingots and castingsEN 1754-1997 镁和镁合金镁和镁合金氧化极、铸锭和铸件命名体系Magnesium and magnesium alloys - Magnesium and magnesium alloy anodes, ingots and castings - Designation systemEN 1758-1997 铜及铜合金引线架用带材Copper and copper alloys - Strip for lead framesEN 1759-3-2003 法兰及其接头管材、阀门、管件及附件用已命名种类的圆形法兰第2部分：铜合金法兰Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, classdesignated - Part 3: Copper alloy flangesEN 1759-4-2003 法兰及其接头管材、阀门、管件及附件用已命名种类的圆形法兰第4部分：铝合金法兰Flanges and their joints - Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, classdesignated - Part 4: Aluminium alloy flangesEN 1774-1997 锌和锌合金铸造用合金铸锭和铸液Zinc and zinc alloys - Alloys for foundry purposes - Ingot and liquid。

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIESCOMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2003/02/ECof 6 January 2003relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of arsenic (tenth adaptation to technical progress to Council Directive 76/769/EEC)ORIGINAL: ENCOMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2003/02/ECof 6 January 2003relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of arsenic (tenth adaptation totechnical progress to Council Directive 76/769/EEC)(Text with EEA relevance)THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,Having regard to Council Directive 76/769/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations1, as last amended by Commission Directive 2002/62/EC2 and in particular Article 2a thereof, introduced by Council Directive 89/678/EEC3,Whereas:(1)Council Directive 89/677/EEC4 amending for the eighth time Directive 76/769/EECplaces certain restrictions on the marketing and use of arsenic.(2) A risk assessment and an analysis of advantages and drawbacks of further restrictionson arsenic in certain wood preservatives5 were carried out in the framework of a review of Community legislation concerning the use of arsenic compounds for wood preservation following the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the European Union in 1995.(3)The risk assessment was referred to the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicityand the Environment (CSTEE) for peer review6 and the CSTEE concluded that the main risks had been identified correctly. These risks included those to human health from the disposal of wood treated with wood preservatives containing copper, chrome and arsenic (CCA) and in particular risks to childrens’ health from the use of CCA-treated wood in playground equipment. A risk to the aquatic environment in certain marine waters was also identified.(4)The CSTEE further advised that in the light of a serious knowledge gap in relation toarsenic-treated wood in landfills it would be advisable to exercise caution by limiting 1OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 201.2OJ L 183 12.7.2002, p. 58.3OJ L 398, 30.12.1989, p. 24.4OJ L 398, 30.12.1989, p. 19.5Assessment of the Risks to Health and to the Environment of Arsenic in Wood Preservatives and of the Effects of Further Restrictions on its marketing and use, 1998.6http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/sct/out18_en.html.the use of arsenic-based wood preservation to those situations where it is absolutely necessary.(5)In a further consideration of the health effects of arsenic7 the CSTEE has concludedthat the substance is both genotoxic and a well-known carcinogen, and that it may be appropriate to consider that no threshold exists for carcinogenic effect.(6)Waste CCA-treated wood has been classified as hazardous waste pursuant toCommission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EC on hazardous waste8 as last amended by Council Decision 2001/573/EC9.(7)Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market10 lays down provisions for harmonising the authorisation of biocides at Community level and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1896/2000 of 7 September 2000 on the first phase of the programme referred to in Article 16 (2) of Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on biocidal products11 requires wood preservatives to be evaluated as a priority in the review programme established under Directive 98/8/EC.Arsenic has been identified and notified as an active substance with in the time-limit set out in Regulation (EC) No 1896/2000. A complete dossier for evaluation of arsenic as an existing substance will have to be presented by 28 March 2004.(8)With regard to the risk assessment and taking account of the precautionary principle,pending harmonisation of rules under Directive 98/8/EC or a Decision pursuant to Article 6 (3) of Regulation No 1896/2000, it is necessary to adapt the restrictions on arsenic in Directive 76/769/EEC to technical progress. This Directive does not apply to CCA-treated wood already in place.(9)This Directive should apply without prejudice to Community legislation laying downminimum requirements for the protection of workers, in particular, Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work12, Council Directive 90/394/EEC of 28 June 1990 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work (Sixth individual Directive within the meaning of article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)13, as last amended by Directive 1999/38/EC14 and Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of workers from chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)15.7http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/sct/out106_en.html.8OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3.9OJ L 203, 28.7.2001, p. 1810OJ L 123, 24.4.1998, p. 1.11OJ L 228, 8.9.2000, p. 6.12OJ L 183, 29.6.1989, p. 1.13OJ L 196, 26.7.1990, p. 1.14OJ L 138, 1.6.1999, p. 66.15OJ L 131, 5.5.1998, p. 11.(10)The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of theCommittee for the adaptation to technical progress of directives on the removal of technical barriers to trade in dangerous substances and preparations,HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article 1Annex I to Directive 76/769/EEC is hereby amended as set out in the Annex to this Directive.Article 2Member States shall adopt and publish the provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 30 June 2003 at the latest. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. They shall apply these provisions by 30 June 2004 at the latest.When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.Article 3This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.Article 4This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Done at Brussels,For the CommissionErkki LIIKANENMember of the CommissionANNEXAnnex I to Directive 1976/769/EEC, point 20 is replaced by the following:“20. Arsenic compounds 1.May not be used as substances and constituents of preparations intendedfor use:a)To prevent the fouling by micro-organisms, plants or animals of:–the hulls of boats,–cages, floats, nets and any other appliances or equipment used for fish or shellfish farming,–any totally or partly submerged appliances or equipment;b)in the preservation of wood. Furthermore, wood so treated may not beplaced on the market.c)However, by way of derogation:i)Relating to the substances and preparations in the preservation ofwood: these may only be used in industrial installations usingvacuum or pressure to impregnate wood if they are solutions ofinorganic compounds of the copper, chromium, arsenic (CCA) typeC. Wood so treated may not be placed on the market before fixationof the preservative is completed.ii)Relating to wood treated with CCA solutions in industrial installations according to point (i): this may be placed on the marketfor professional and industrial use provided that the structuralintegrity of the wood is required for human or livestock safety andskin contact by the general public during its service life is unlikely:–as structural timber in public and agricultural buildings, office buildings, and industrial premises;–in bridges and bridgework;–as constructional timber in freshwater areas and brackish waters e.g. jetties and bridges;–as noise barriers;–in avalanche control;–in highway safety fencing and barriers;–as debarked round conifer livestock fence posts;–in earth retaining structures;–as electric power transmission and telecommunications poles;–as underground railway sleepers.Without prejudice to the application of other Communityprovisions on the classification, packaging and labelling ofdangerous substances and preparations, all treated wood placed onthe market shall be individually labelled “For professional andindustrial installation and use only, contains arsenic”. In addition,all wood placed on the market in packs shall also bear a labelstating “Wear gloves when handling this wood. Wear a dust maskand eye protection when cutting or otherwise crafting this wood.Waste from this wood shall be treated as hazardous by anauthorised undertaking”.iii)Treated wood referred to under points (i) and (ii) may not be used:–in residential or domestic constructions, whatever the purpose;–in any application where there is a risk of repeated skin contact;–in marine waters;–for agricultural purposes other than for livestock fence posts and structural uses in accordance with point (ii);–in any application where the treated wood may come into contact with intermediate or finished products intended forhuman and/or animal consumption.2.May not be used as substances and constituents of preparations intendedfor use in the treatment of industrial waters, irrespective of their use.”。

第56卷 第9期 化 工 学 报Vo l 156 N o 192005年9月 Journal o f Chemical Industry and Eng ineering (China) September 2005研究论文载铁棉纤维素吸附剂固定床去除地下水砷郭学军,陈甫华(南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071)摘要:用球形棉纤维素作载体,研制成了一种新的吸附剂:载铁(B -FeO OH )球形棉纤维素吸附剂,并应用于地下水砷的去除.柱实验表明,吸附剂对A s(Ⅲ)和A s(Ⅴ)的去除效果均明显优于相关文献中报道的吸附剂.采用含砷为500L g #L -1的地下水为柱实验进水,空床接触时间分别为412min 和519min 时,按照世界卫生组织推荐的新卫生标准(10L g #L -1),吸附剂去除A s(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的穿透体积分别达2200BV 和5000BV.如采用含A s(Ⅲ)和A s(Ⅴ)各为250L g #L -1的地下水为柱实验进水(总砷为500L g #L -1),空床接触时间510~512min 时,按照现行中国饮用水砷最高允许浓度50L g #L -1的卫生标准,3次过柱穿透点的出水体积分别达7000BV 、6000BV 和6700BV.吸附剂可以用2mo l #L -1N aOH 洗脱再生,再生效果良好.关键词:载铁(B -F eOO H)球形棉纤维素;吸附剂;砷;去除;柱实验中图分类号:X 703 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0438-1157(2005)09-1757-08Elimination of arsenic from groun d water by beadcellu lose adsorbent loaded with Fe hydroxideGU O Xuejun ,CH EN Fu hu a(College of Envir onmental S cience and Engineer ing ,N ank ai Univers ity ,T ianj in 300071,China )Abstract :A new adsorbent,bead cellulose loaded w ith Fe hydrox ide (B -FeOOH )w as prepared and used fo r the r em oval of arsenic from gro undw ater.Column exper im ents indicated that the adsorbent had higher efficiency of eliminating bo th ar senite and arsenate than other adsorbents repor ted in literatur e.H ig h bedvolumes of 2200BV and 5000BV up to a breakthr oug h co ncentratio n o f 10L g #L -1were achieved for thear senite and arsenate removal in the studies w ith gro undw ater arsenic concentration of 500L g #L -1while the em pty bed co ntact time w ere 412min and 519m in respectively.While 250L g #L -1o f arsenite and 250L g #L -1of arsenate w ere spiked together in the groundw ater and the empty bed contact time w as 510)512min,the br eakthro ug h vo lum es up to 50L g #L -1w er e 7000BV,6000BV and 6700BV respectively fo r three column recy cles.The adsorbent could be regenerated w ith 2mol #L -1NaOH solutions efficiently.Key words :bead cellulose lo aded w ith Fe(B -FeOOH );adsor bent;arsenic;remo val;column exper im ent s2004-08-12收到初稿,2004-10-13收到修改稿.联系人:陈甫华.第一作者:郭学军(1975)),男,博士研究生.基金项目:南开大学-天津大学联合研究项目.引 言砷是剧毒元素之一,近年来地下水砷的污染已经引起人们广泛的关注.地下水砷污染严重的国家有印度、孟加拉国、越南、阿根廷、智利、墨西 Received date:2004-08-12.Correspon ding au th or:Prof.CH ENFuh ua.E -mail:ch enfuhua2003@yahoo 1comFoun dation item:supported by Un ited Foundation of Nan kai University an d T ian jin University.哥、中国、匈牙利等[1].中国台湾、新疆和内蒙古局部地区地下水砷含量严重超标,砷含量最高可达2000L g#L-1.长期的砷暴露可引起皮肤、肺、肝、肾和膀胱的癌变[2].世界卫生组织1993年重新修订饮用水砷的最高允许浓度,确定为10L g# L-1.欧盟和美国已经重新制定砷的卫生标准,饮用水砷的最高允许浓度从50L g#L-1下降至10 L g#L-1[3].新的卫生标准对砷的去除和工艺提出了更高要求.吸附法是饮用水中砷去除的有效方法之一,常用的吸附剂有活性氧化铝、活性炭、功能树脂、金属氧化物如氧化铁以及各种天然矿物如沸石等.采用离子交换树脂方法,硫酸根离子等常量干扰离子对砷的干扰大.活性氧化铝对原水pH有较严格的要求,只能在较窄的范围内才能对砷有效去除.天然矿物去除砷价格便宜,来源广泛,但吸附容量一般很低,去除效率不高,且其存在某些微量元素,可能存在其他健康风险.用各种金属氧化物包括稀土元素氧化物如镧、锆、铈的氧化物,铁的氧化物如针铁矿、赤铁矿、无定形氢氧化铁等去除砷的研究都已有报道[4~8],但这些氧化物大都不具备良好的孔结构,难应用于固定床.地下水中砷酸根和亚砷酸根离子都有一定比例的存在,上述吸附剂大都不能有效去除亚砷酸根离子,因此当用它们去除砷时,必须经过预氧化过程如用氯和高锰酸钾氧化等,增加了操作难度和费用.德国的一项专利是将铁的氢氧化物造粒得到粒状除砷吸附剂,但它不耐磨,且在柱操作过程中容易结块[9].将各种吸附载体载入铁、锆、铈等配位中心,提高吸附砷的选择性和吸附容量,是现今吸附除砷技术的要点[10,11].通过对活性炭、沸石、离子交换树脂、高聚物和分子筛等载体改性后,可以提高对砷的吸附容量和去除效率[10,12~14].棉纤维是天然可再生材料,载体亲水性好,孔隙度大,已广泛用作生物活性材料,用来吸附和分离氨基酸、蛋白质和核酸,以及去除水中的重金属等.用实验室制备的球形棉纤维素作载体,研制成了载铁(B-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂(专利申请号:20041001987617).这种新颖的吸附剂的制备及应用,国内外尚未见研究报道.吸附剂的主要活性成分为B型羟基氧化铁(B-FeOOH, akaganeite-type),铁的吸附活性好,质量分数最高可达50%,与现有文献报道比较,最高载铁量是其他吸附剂的5~10倍[15~19].静态吸附实验表明,吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)和A s(Ⅲ)具有很高的吸附容量,中性条件下最大吸附量分别为3312、9916 m g#g-1.吸附As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的适宜pH范围宽,SO2-4、Cl-等常见干扰离子均不影响砷的去除.吸附剂具有良好的强度和耐磨性能,制备方法简单,对地下水中砷去除具有良好的应用前景.本文旨在研究载铁(B-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附柱对地下水中As(Ⅴ)和A s(Ⅲ)的去除.1实验部分111实验材料与仪器载铁(B-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂由实验室制备.As(Ⅲ)储备液:准确称取214730g分析纯A s2O3(相对分子质量197184)于烧杯中,加入25m l20%NaOH溶液溶解,去离子水适度稀释,再加10m l优级纯H Cl,用稀H Cl调节pH 至710,定容至250m l,此储备液含As(Ⅲ)为100mm ol#L-1.As(Ⅴ)储备液:准确称取1016020g分析纯Na2H AsO4#12H2O(相对分子质量424108)于烧杯中,加200ml去离子水溶解,稀H Cl调节pH至710,定容至250ml,此储备液含As(Ⅴ)为100mm ol#L-1.As(Ⅲ)和As (Ⅴ)的标准溶液于冰箱中在4e下保存.实验中根据需要临时将此储备液稀释成不同的浓度.其他化学试剂为分析纯或优级纯.所有玻璃器皿在使用前用15%的硝酸溶液浸泡24h以上,分别用自来水和去离子水冲洗数次.用砷化氢发生-原子荧光分光光度计(H G-AFS:AFS230,Beijing, H aiguang Co1)测定砷[20].量检测限011L g# L-1,线性相关系数R2\01999.离子色谱法(Diome公司,DX-120型离子色谱仪)测定地下水中背景离子的浓度.吸附剂经H2SO4-H ClO4-H NO3消化,适度稀释后用分光光度法(UV754, Shang hai,上海精密科学仪器公司)测定吸附剂的载铁含量.112实验方法11211吸附剂的制备脱脂棉(河南焦作市卫生材料厂)1610g浸于400m l200g#L-1的NaOH 水溶液2h,压榨挤干至75g左右(压榨比为4B 1),得到碱纤维素,室温下密封老化2~3d,加入8ml CS2[CS2体积(m l)=棉纤维素干重(g)/2],密封,室温下150r#min-1振荡4~8h,得到橙红色黏胶,加入一定体积的60g#L-1NaOH水溶#1758#化工学报第56卷液,搅拌3~5h可得酯化均匀的黏胶液.黏胶液不能长久放置.于500m l三口瓶中加入200ml泵油-氯苯分散介质(泵油B氯苯=2B1,体积比), 014g油酸钾,50m l上述黏胶液,200~250r# min-1搅拌30min,30~60min内缓慢升温至90e,保温2h,停止搅拌,滤出分散介质(分散介质可以多次重复使用),热水洗球至白色.用标准筛收集0125~0184mm纤维素球珠,于去离子水中保存.载铁过程是在滴加碱液时,铁盐经搅拌、分散、水解而连续多次载入棉纤维素球珠.载铁球形纤维素再经碱稳定,洗涤,得到载铁(B-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,于去离子水中保存.11212柱实验取12m l铁含量为220mg#ml-1的载铁(B-FeOOH)纤维素球珠填充于内径10 mm、柱高400mm的玻璃柱中(柱底填充约1cm 玻璃棉).分别以去离子水和天津蓟县某地下水为背景,加入As(Ⅲ)或A s(Ⅴ)标准溶液,使砷总浓度为500L g#L-1,用作柱实验的进水.进水每12h新配,盛槽避光,以免As(Ⅲ)氧化.一定的进水流速和空床接触时间(EBCT)下,从上至下通过吸附柱.每隔一定时间取一定体积流出液,测定砷的出水浓度.吸附剂采用静态再生,方法如下:从吸附柱中取出过完柱后的载铁(B-FeOOH)纤维素球珠,置于250ml锥形瓶中,加入100ml2mol#L-1 NaOH洗脱液,室温下150r#min-1振荡解吸10h,重复洗脱4次后用去离子水洗涤,至上清液pH在中性附近,再生吸附剂球珠反复用于柱吸附实验.2结果和讨论211载铁(B-FeOOH)球形纤维素吸附剂中铁的存在形态实验中所用载铁(B-FeOOH)球形纤维素吸附剂的粒径为0125~0184mm,密度为0147g# ml-1,含铁量为220m g#ml-1.图1为载铁(B-FeOOH)球形纤维素吸附剂的X射线衍射图谱.图2为正方纤铁矿的标准X射线衍射峰与吸附剂的X射线衍射峰的比较.从图2看出,吸附剂的X 射线衍射特征峰与正方纤铁矿的标准X射线衍射特征峰基本吻合,表明吸附剂上载入的铁主要形态为正方纤铁矿(B-FeOOH,akaganeite).载铁后,悬浮液中未载入纤维素载体中的少量残余铁形成Fe(OH)3沉淀,其X射线衍射图谱如图3所示.图3的衍射图谱呈平滑的曲线,看不出特征峰,说明未载入的少量铁盐形成沉淀后,其固相形态为无定形的Fe(OH)3.Fig11X-r ay diffr action patt erns o f beadcellulo se adsor bent lo aded with Fe(B-FeOO H)F ig12Compar ison of X-r ay diffr act ion apex esbetween st andard akaganeite-M and absor bentsFig13X-r ay diffraction patter ns o f Fe hydro xidesustained in so lutio n after Fe loading pro cess铁盐在滴加NaOH的过程中,缓慢水解并载入纤维素球,其形态为结晶度良好的正方纤铁矿;而残余的未载入的少部分铁盐在水相介质中却以无定形Fe(OH)3沉淀.此差异应归结为纤维素载体在其中所起的作用.纤维素载体是由众多葡萄糖单元按1,4糖苷键连接而成的高聚物,每个葡萄糖单元中有3个具备一定活性的自由羟基.可能的情形#1759#第9期郭学军等:载铁棉纤维素吸附剂固定床去除地下水砷是这些葡萄糖单元为B -FeOOH 的形成提供了羟基,并与铁结合,从而在纤维素分子表面形成第一层羟基氧化铁.当第一层B 型羟基氧化铁在纤维素分子表面形成后,铁盐在水解过程中依靠一种/自组装0的形式围绕已形成的晶体表面继续结晶,形成具有一定聚合度和结合力的聚合羟基氧化铁,其主要的赋存形态为正方纤铁矿.因此,纤维素载体在载铁过程中可能起到了类似/结构定向0和提供载铁场所的双层作用.212 As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)流出曲线的比较图4为去离子水背景下As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的流出曲线.As(Ⅲ)和As (Ⅴ)的进水浓度均为500L g #L -1,pH 为710,停留时间分别为310min 和312m in.由流出曲线可知,吸附剂对As (Ⅲ)的去除效果优于As(Ⅴ).静态实验表明,中性条件下吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的饱和吸附量是As (Ⅴ)的3倍,且吸附速率也大于As(Ⅴ),这说明静态吸附和柱实验的结果是一致的.在实验条件下,As(Ⅲ)流出浓度在0~1500倍床体积(BV)内始终低于2L g #L-1;而As(Ⅴ)在500~3000倍床体积之间维持在20~40L g #L -1.依照世界卫生组织推荐的10L g #L -1饮用水砷卫生标准,吸附剂去除As(Ⅲ)和A s(Ⅴ)的穿透点床体积分别为2000BV 和300BV.如果按中国现行饮用水砷的卫生标准(50L g #L -1)为穿透点浓度,则吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)和A s(Ⅴ)的穿透点体积都可高达3500BV.因为地下水处于缺氧环境,高砷地区地下水中砷大都以三价砷为主.孟加拉国是世界上砷危害最严重的国家之一,地下水As(Ⅲ)占总砷含量的50%~60%[21].中国台湾的高砷地区,地下水中绝大部分砷形态为A s(Ⅲ)[22];北部地区如新疆和山西,地下水总砷中60%~90%为As (Ⅲ)[23].现有文献中报道的吸附剂大都只能有效去除As(Ⅴ),去除As(Ⅲ)的效果差,因此在吸附前需要使用氧化剂如氯和高锰酸钾,使地下水中As(Ⅲ)转化为A s(Ⅴ),增加了操作程序和费用.寻找对As(Ⅴ)和A s(Ⅲ)都具备良好选择性和去除效果的吸附剂,一直是除砷吸附剂研制中的难点.载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素吸附剂对As (Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)均有高的吸附容量,且对As(Ⅲ)的去除效果比As(Ⅴ)好,和地下水三价砷和五价砷的分布比例相吻合,是一种适宜去除地下水砷的新型吸附剂.Fig 14 Compariso n o f eff luent histo ries in column test betw een As(Ⅲ)and A s(Ⅴ)213 不同空床接触时间下As(Ⅴ)流出曲线的比较 图5为去离子水背景下,EBCT 分别为312m in 和519min 时As(Ⅴ)的流出曲线.进水As (Ⅴ)的浓度为500L g #L -1,pH 为710.从图5可知,空床接触时间对流出曲线的影响甚大:EBCT 为519min 时,即使流出液体积达4000BV,流出液As (Ⅴ)的浓度始终低于5L g #L -1;EBCT 为312min 时,出水体积为300BV 时As (Ⅴ)即达穿透点浓度10L g #L -1,在500BV ~3000BV 之间As(Ⅴ)的浓度维持在20~40L g #L -1并缓慢上升,至3500BV 时,出水浓度达50L g #L -1.从流出曲线可知,As(Ⅴ)进水浓度为500L g #L -1时,选择接触时间为519m in 更为合适,此时吸附剂去除A s (V )效果显著.吸附法去除水和废水污染物时,空床接触时间一般为10~50min 为较适宜[24].在高进水砷(V )浓度(500L g #L -1)和相当短的空床接触时间(519m in)下,吸附穿透点(10L g #L -1)体积仍然超过4000BV,表明载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素是一种优异的新型除砷吸附剂.214 地下水As(Ⅲ)的流出曲线原水pH 812,流速211m #h -1,空床接触时间412min 条件下,载铁(B -FeOOH )球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除As(Ⅲ)的柱实验流出曲线如图6所示.按照世界卫生组织推荐的饮用水砷卫生标准10L g #L -1,吸附剂去除As(Ⅲ)的穿透体积为2200BV,穿透容量为213m g #g -1;如按现行中国饮用水砷卫生标准50L g #L -1,则穿透体积高达4000BV,穿透容量为410mg #g -1.此操作参#1760#化 工 学 报 第56卷Fig 15 Comparison of As (Ⅴ)eff luenthistor ies in co lumn t est betw een differ ent empty bed co ntact time数下吸附剂去除A s(Ⅲ)的饱和体积达20000BV,饱和点吸附容量为1219mg #g-1.进出水水质背景如表1所示.出水水质分析表明,吸附剂不改变地下水pH 值和常见阴阳离子如H CO -3、CO 2-3、Cl -、SO 2-4、Ca2+和M g 2+等的浓度,F -浓度有一定的降低,吸附剂中的铁无泄漏.表2比较了载铁(B -FeOOH )球形棉纤维素与文献报F ig 16 A s(Ⅲ)effluent histor ies of column test fro m gr oundwat er道的几种吸附剂去除As(Ⅲ)时的柱实验参数和穿透时的空床体积.载铁(B -FeOOH )球形棉纤维素吸附剂具有强阴离子交换树脂和载铁砂无可比拟的去除As(Ⅲ)的性能.即使在相当于载铁大孔磺酸基聚苯乙烯树脂5倍的进液浓度下(500L g #L -1),载铁球形棉纤维素吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的穿透点床体积依然大于载铁大孔磺酸基聚苯乙烯树脂.Table 1 Concentration of background anions from groundwater /mg #L -1Flow s pH CO 2-3H CO -3Cl -SO 2-4PO 3-4F -S iO 2-3Ca 2+M g 2+Fe influent 8126143396171512ND 01521011661840150103effluent8125183406171515ND0130912671539180103Table 2 Comparison of column experiment conditions and breakthrough volume for As(Ⅲ)rem oval by different adsorbentsAd sorben t typesC on cen tration ofin fluent/L g #L -1E BC T /min Breakthroughvolum e(10L g #L -1)References polyHIPE loaded w ith Fe50261517BV [17]polymeric/inorganic hybrid sorbent 1003112000BV [15]strong b as e anion ex changer 100311unab le [15]san d loaded w ith Fe100050184BV [24]b ead cellulose loaded w ith Fe (B -FeOOH )5004122200BVthis paperTable 3 Comparison of column experiment conditions and breakthrough volume for As(Ⅴ)rem oval by different adsorbentsAd sorben t typesC on cen tration ofin fluent/L g #L -1E BC T /min Breakthroughvolum e(10L g #L -1)References ployHIPE loaded w ith Fe 5030300BV [17]polystyren e loaded w ith Fe 502555BV [17]polymeric/inorganic hybrid sorbent 503114000BV [15]strong b as e anion ex changer 2004300BV [15]san d loaded w ith Fe 100050165BV [25]chabaz ite loaded w ith Fe10001515235BV [10]#1761# 第9期 郭学军等:载铁棉纤维素吸附剂固定床去除地下水砷215 地下水As(Ⅴ)的流出曲线地下水pH 为710,流速115m #h -1,空床接触时间519m in 条件下,载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)的柱实验流出曲线如图7所示.进液20d 后出水浓度才达到10L g #L-1,此时吸附剂去除As(Ⅴ)的穿透体积达5000BV,穿透容量为512mg #g -1;如按现行中国饮用水砷卫生标准50L g #L -1,吸附剂去除五价砷的穿透体积则高达8500BV,穿透容量为816mg #g -1.出水pH 在中性附近,完全符合饮用水水质标准.表3比较了载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素与文献中几种吸附剂去除As(Ⅴ)的柱实验结果.从表3可知,载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素柱实验去除As (Ⅴ)的效果明显优于文献中报道的相关除砷吸附剂.Fig 17 A s(Ⅴ)effluent histo ries o f co lumntest fr om g roundw ater216 柱床再生后的流出曲线3次过柱的空床接触时间为510~512m in,地下水加砷至As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)各为250L g #L -1,使进水总砷浓度为500L g #L -1,pH 为710.载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素吸附剂再生后的砷流出曲线如图8所示.按照现行中国饮用水砷最高允许浓度50L g #L -1的卫生标准,3次过柱穿透点的出水体积则分别为7000BV 、6000BV 和6700BV.与第一次和第三次过柱相比,第二次过柱的穿透点体积略小,这主要是因为空床接触时间小于另两次的缘故.按现行中国饮用水砷卫生标准,3次过柱穿透点体积都达6000BV 以上,表明载铁(B -FeOOH )球形纤维素吸附剂具有良好的再生效果.尽管空床接触时间(EBCT )较小,为511~512m in,但因为吸附剂的穿透容量较大,每次柱实验时间为30d 左右,因此在检验再生性能时采取了3次过柱.选择静态再生法,12ml 过柱后的吸附剂用50ml 浓度为2mo l #L -1的NaOH 溶液洗涤4次.3次再生后,吸附剂对砷的解吸效率如表4所示.吸附剂的3次再生过程中,N aOH 对砷的解吸率为80%~83%,表明吸附剂具有较好的再生效率.吸附剂的活性成分为B -FeOOH ,X 射线精细吸收结构(EXAFS)的结果表明,As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)均以内配位方式与吸附剂活性组分结合,且砷氧四面体和铁氧八面体的主要结合方式为双齿双核角配位(bidenate binuclear co rner -sha -ring,2C).(与高能物理所的合作研究,相关论文正在撰写).内配位的结合方式下,吸附剂对As (Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)具有高的选择性,但就解吸难度而言,一般要大于以外配位方式结合的吸附剂或其他离子交换剂.3次再生过程中,再生效率都比较稳定.第一次再生后,吸附剂剩余的砷含量为0155mg #g -1,第二次、第三次分别为0172、0170mg #g -1.与第一次再生相比,第二次、第三次再生砷的剩余量仅增加了012mg #g -1.这表明第二次、第三次再生几乎将前次柱实验中砷的/净载负0(当次砷的吸附量减去前次砷的剩余量)全部洗脱.虽然每次再生后砷有一定的残余,但从柱实验的穿透曲线看来,再生对砷去除效果的影响并不显著,这是吸附剂对砷具有高吸附容量的结果.吸附剂的活性成分具有很好的化学稳定性,X 射线衍射分析(XRD)表明再生后铁的形态仍为B -FeOOH.吸附剂的铁含量为220mg #ml -1,柱实验中,进出液的浓度都为0103mg #L -1(表1),表明柱实验中没有铁的泄露.3次再生后,吸附剂铁的含量都稳定在220mg #ml -1,铁的含量变化不显著.再生后吸附剂的活性组分铁的晶体形态和含量保持稳定,进一步说明吸附剂可以重复多次使用.静态再生过程中需要20倍吸附剂体积的NaOH 洗脱液.如果采用动态反洗,在适宜的操作条件下,砷的洗脱效率会更好一些.关于洗脱后砷浓缩液的处置,可以将废液用酸中和,投放铁盐或钙盐,使砷混凝沉淀后,淤泥用水泥和砂子固化后安全填埋.#1762#化 工 学 报 第56卷Table4Desorption rate of arsenic by NaOH and Fe content preserved in adsorbents during regenerationNo1Fe content/m g#m l-1As content after columnexperiment/m g#g-1As content after NaOHdes orption/mg#g-1Desorptionrate/%first2203125015583 s econd2253162017280 third2233167017081Fig18A rsenic effluent hist or ies o fco lumn t est in3cyclesu fir st,E BC T:511min;p second,EBCT:510min:w third,EBCT:512min arsen ate+ars enite=500L g#L-1;arsenate:ars enite=1B13结论用球形棉纤维素作载体,研制成了一种新的吸附剂:载铁(B-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,并应用于地下水砷的去除,得出的主要结论如下.(1)吸附剂的主要活性成分为B型羟基氧化铁.(2)实验条件下,载铁(B-FeOOH)球形纤维素吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)均有高的穿透容量,且对As(Ⅲ)的去除效果比As(Ⅴ)好,和地下水三价砷和五价砷的分布比例相吻合,是一种适宜去除地下水砷的新型吸附剂.(3)采用含砷为500L g#L-1的地下水为柱实验进水,空床接触时间分别为412m in和519m in 时,按照世界卫生组织推荐的新卫生标准(10 L g#L-1),吸附剂去除As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的穿透体积分别高达2200BV和5000BV.(4)采用含As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)各为250 L 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