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Chapter13能力导向型教学法精品PPT课件

life. 【日常生活场景为依据】
• Thus CBE is based on a set of outcomes that are derived from an analysis of tasks typically required of students in
real situations. 【角色—能力—要求】
1、类似之处
• CBE has much in common with such approaches to learning as performance-based instruction成果导向型 , mastery learning掌握型学习 and individualized instruction个性化指导.
• It is outcome-based and is adaptive to the changing needs of students, teachers and the community.
2、不同之处
• Competencies differ from other goals and objectives in that they describe the S’s ability to apply basic and other skills in situations that are commonly encountered in everyday
• By the 1990s:
• “the state-of -the-art approach to adult ESL by national policymakers and leaders in curriculum development as well”(KP141,下方)

基础笔译 Chapter 13 形合与意合

我懂英语，我知道这就是我的本钱，我可以和有钢琴的人进行互助，我教他英语，他教我钢琴。
汉译英
知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win one battle and lose one battle if you know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.
Eg: I shall despair if you don’t com.
Parataxis
意合指“句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段（semantic connection）”
The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them.--- World Book Dictionary
英汉对比
形合的语言模式反映了西方重形式逻辑、重实证的思维模式，
意合的语言模式反映了汉民族重内省和体悟、表达简约、不重逻辑、意义模糊的思维模式。
意合形合对翻译的影响
英译汉（隐含某些形式链接成分）：
And with this and a proud bow to his patrons, the manager retires, and the curtain rises. 领班的说到这里向各位主顾深鞠一躬退到后台，现在开幕了。 An Englishman who cold not speak Chineses was once

大学物理：Chapter 13-驻波

2
)
y驻
2 A cos(2
x
)cos(2
2
t T
)
2
(3) 波节点： 2 Acos(2 x ) 2
0,
2 x (2k 1)
2
2
2 x k , x k (k 0, 1, 2,) (0 x 5 )
垂直入射中，入射波和反射波的合成
四、半波损失 (相位跃变）
1. 波阻：ρ u 其中，ρ — 介质密度；u — 波速。两介质相比较，ρ u 大者称波密介质，小者称波疏介质。
2. 半波损失
— 当波由波疏介质向波密介质垂直入射，在两介质界面
反射时相位突变π ，称为“半波损失”。
★ 1v1 2v2 时，有半波损失，
A驻 2 A
2 x 2 1 k (k 0, 1, 2,)
2
★ 相邻两波节(或波腹)间的距离： Δx xk 1 xk 2
t 0
tT 4
tT 2
t 3T 4
波节:始终不动的点。红色虚线对应的位置。
波腹:振幅始终最大的点。黑色虚线对应的位置。
2. 驻波中各点的相位关系
2π
2
半波损失: 反射点为波节，表明入射波与反射波在该点反相.
两端固定的弦振动的简正模式
l n n n 1,2,
2
l 1
2 l 22
2
l 33
2
1）弦上的驻波
A
弦
B
L n n
L
2
n
2L n
n=1 n=2 n=3
n
u
n
n u n=4 2L
1
u 2L （基频）
2
u L
3
3u 2L

范里安微观经济学(第九版)chapter13PPT课件

We showed before that competitive markets are efficient because consumer and producer surpluses are maximized
We can study this in more detail by examining an exchange economy
To study how markets interrelate, we can use general equilibrium analysis
◦ Simultaneous determination of the prices and quantities in all relevant markets, taking into account feedback effects
of clothing
2021/3/12
10
Gain from Trade
There is room for trade
◦ James values clothing more than Karen ◦ Karen values food more than James ◦ Karen is willing to give up 3 units of clothing
◦ Two consumers (countries) ◦ Two goods ◦ Both people know each other’s preferences ◦ Exchanging goods involves zero transaction
costs ◦ James and Karen have a total of 10 units of
◦ Market in which two or more consumers trade two goods among themselves

Chapter13古诗十九首

大学语文题库古诗十九首一、单选题1《行行重行行》一诗中开篇有“与君生别离”的描绘，其中“生”字可有三种解释，不包括以下（A）项。

A 作生疏，疏离解B 生离死别之意C 生生拆散之意D 作动词，表示从无到有的过程2《古诗十九首》最早出现在（D）。

A 《后汉书》B 《艺文志》C 《史记》D 《文选》3我国已知最早的爱国诗人是（B）。

A 阮籍B 屈原C 文天祥D 杜甫4王国维先生用三句诗来表述人生的三境界，其中形容第三境界的是（C）。

A 昨夜西风凋碧树，独上西楼，望尽天涯路。

B 衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

C 众里寻他千百度，暮然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。

D 劝君歌少息，人生亦如此。

王国维先生用三句诗来表述人生的三境界，其中不包括以下（D）项。

A.昨夜西风凋碧树，独上西楼，望尽天涯路。

B.衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

C.众里寻他千百度，暮然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。

D.劝君歌少息，人生亦如此。

5李白《玉阶怨》一诗，“玲珑望秋月”中的“秋月”代表的是一种（C）的意境。

A 人生悲欢离合的愁绪B 寄托思念故乡C 代表心灵对美好的追寻与向往D 内心的孤独寂寞之感6李商隐的《燕台四首》主要描述的是一种（D）情感。

A 愤懑不得志B 怀古C 思乡D 女子对爱人的思盼7古代诗词中常出现“慷慨”一词，与现代的用法相比，下列说法错误的是（B）。

A 壮士不得志于心的一种感慨B 与现代的用法一致，表示大方之意C 面临失意时的无奈D 指有志不获成的内心情怀8优秀作品可分为三个层次，其中不包括（C）。

A 情思上的感动B 感官上的触动C 内心的共鸣D 思想上的感发9古代文人常写诗抒怀，一般有内向和外向两种不同的精神追求路数。

（C）作开启了文人有待于外的肯定这种精神追求的传统。

A 《楚辞》B 《论语》C 《诗经》D 《孟子》10学习诗词创作首要的任务是（D）。

A.抄写B.自行创作C.背诵D.知识储备11按照情感主题对《古诗十九首》进行划分，不包括以下（C）项。

Chapter 13 Aggression

主要内容
1侵犯行为的产生：社会因素（暴力文化、挫折、媒体对暴力的宣传、侵犯的社会习俗）、心理因素（愤怒的情绪和报复的焦虑、学习侵犯行为、对冒犯行为的归因、侵犯图式）
2如何减少侵犯行为
应用于“矫正社会工作”
• 犯罪的基本概念是足以危害他人、社會或國家的行爲，在犯罪概念中的核心則是法益的保護，凡是侵害刑法欲保護法益的行為，都是犯罪行為。法益是指社會上大多數人認為應該受保護的利益，不以權利或財產為限，諸如隱私和信用亦為法益之一。犯罪与危害行为没有本质上的区别，两者的主要区别在于犯罪是应受刑罚处罚的危害行为，所以我们可以把犯罪理解为危害行为的子集，这个子集的界限就是刑法的规定。
Konrad Lorenz – aggression springs mainly from an inherited fighting instinct that human beings share with many other species. This instinct developed during the course of evolution because it helped ensure that only the strongest and most vigorous individuals would pass their genes to the next generation.
I.Theoretic perspectives on aggression
3. General affective aggression model（综合感情攻击模型） (Craig Anderson, etc.):
Aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables（攻击行为由广泛的输入变量激发，如个人特质、情境因素）, such as individual traits, aspects of situation.

美国大学英语写作：Chapter 13_对比和比较[优质ppt]

• In this structure, you say everything about one item, then everything about the other.
• For instance, say everything about the characters, settings and plots for the book then everything about the characters, settings and plots for the film.
2).Similarities-to-Differences
• In this structure, you explain all the similarities about the items being compared and then you explain all the differences.
Methods of Development
1).Whole-to-Whole, or Block to Block Book, Film
2).Similarities-to-Differences
A---B
3).Point by Point
AB, AB, AB, AB
1). Whole-to-Whole, or Block to Block
• Whole-to-Whole comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for each item you’re discussing.
• The points in each of the sections should be the same and they should be explained in the same order (for instance, you might discuss characters, settings, and plots for both, and in that order for both).

Chapter 13 An Asset Approach

E1 E2 1 2
r$ + [E(e) －E] / E
r￥1 r￥2
0
r
1、美圆利率上升的、影响
当美圆利率上升时，市场当美圆利率上升时，均衡点由1移向移向2，均衡点由移向，则汇率由E 上升为E 则汇率由 1上升为 2，即美圆升值，人民币贬值。美圆升值，人民币贬值。
E=￥/$ ￥
r’ + [E(e) －E] / E
The Equilibrium Exchange Rate
在利率和预期汇率不变条件下，在利率和预期汇率不变条件下，当资产市场处于利率平价状态时，即满足r 状态时，即满足r￥ =r$ + [E(e) －E] / E ，外汇市场达到均衡，则，外汇市场达到均衡，此时的汇率即为均衡汇率，此时的汇率即为均衡汇率，给出。由点E1给出。
Concept
1、套利(Arbitrage) 、套利
是指利息率的套利[Arbitrage of Interest Rate]，即投机者利 – 是指利息率的套利，用各国利率的差异，用各国利率的差异，将短期资金从利率低的国家向利率高的国家转移，以从中获利的行为。国家转移，以从中获利的行为。
2、即期汇率(SpБайду номын сангаасt Rate) 、即期汇率
– 在买卖契约订立当天或次日进行交割时的汇率。在买卖契约订立当天或次日进行交割时的汇率。
3、预期汇率(Expected Future Exchange Rates) 、预期汇率
– 预期将来某个时点的即期汇率。预期将来某个时点的即期汇率。
The Equilibrium Condition
当外汇市场交易者对外汇资产的需求完全取决于不同资产的预期收益率时，于不同资产的预期收益率时，用相同货币衡量的任意两种资产的预期收益率相等的条件就是的任意两种资产的预期收益率相等的条件就是外汇市场的均衡条件，也被称为利率平价条件。外汇市场的均衡条件，也被称为利率平价条件。即，r= r’+ [E(e) －E] / E

chapter13 拉氏变换

1 b ( u (0) U ) i (0) uC (0) U 0 0 L C A 1 1 1 C B a b 1 i L (0) b a a( u (0) U ) 1 i (0) C C 0 L C
R
+
L
+
Step 1. Generate a differential equation model of the circuit.
d 2 uout R duout 1 1 u uin out 2 dt L dt LC LC
uin (t )
_
C
uout (t )
_
Step 2. Determine the form of the solution. For uin(t)=U0u(t), there are only two possible general forms of the soluuout duout 1 1 uout uin 3 2 dt 6 dt dt 6 12
Step 2. Compute the characteristic equation and its roots.
s3 11 2 1 1 s s ( s a )( s b )( s d ) 0 a 0.5, b , d 1 6 6 3
R
+
L
uin (t )
_
C
uout (0) uC (0) A B U0 1 1 + ( t ) uC ( t ) iC ( t ) i L ( t ) uout C C uout (t ) aAe at bBe bt _ 1 (0) i L (0) aA bB uout C

商务英语口语句典 Chapter13谈话技巧 5交谈时常用句

Are you paying attention?/Do I have you real?Are you listening to me? I'm listenging carefully, I'm with you.I'm still here. I'm all is. I hear you, I heard you.Do you know what I mean? Do you understand?Do you know what I mean? Are you clear about it? Is it clear?Do you catch the point? Do you get it? See what I meant?Do you get the picture? Do you follow me?Are you with me on this? Do you know what I'm talking about? Are you following me?Does it making any sense? Do you need further explanation?Do you have any questions? Is that ring a bill?Oh, I see. I got you. I follow you. I can see that. roger. I catch it. I think that.I get the picture. I can see where you coming from. I totally understand what you talking about. I know what you mean, I've been there. I'm with you.Yes, I read you aloudly clear. All right, I get the message. It's caused my understanding.It's beyond me.I didn't get that. Iam not clear about it. I'm fraid I'm not with what you said. I'm afraid I don't understand what you say. I'm afraid I don't catch what you said. Sorry, I don't understand.Sorry I don't even follow you.I'm not sure I get your point.I'm not sure I know what you meant.I can't see what you driving at.What do you mean? This is over my head. I'm lost.what's the point?Excuse me for interrupting you. Sorry interrupt you, but...May I interrupt you a moment.Excuse me for interrupting you, I'm hoping you explain yourself in more details. I'm sorry to interrupt your conversation, but I got something urgent to tell you.Sorry abort in, can I abort in here? I'm sorry abort in like this, but I need your help with problem.Just moment please, allow me to say something here. can I say something? if you don't mind, may I say a word here. wait, can I put a wording here?Pardon. I beg your pardon. excuse me, could you say it again? please repeat it. would you kindly repeat it? would you mind repeating it? would you mind saying it again?how is that again? run it by me again if you do not mind. pardon me, what did you say? did you say anything? say what? I'm sorry, I miss that. shoot. go ahead.what's on your mind? keep talking. get to the point. stop biding around the bush.please speak a little more slowly. please slower. can you move it onto your topic?let's change the subject.let's talk something else. I'm seeking time on hearing that.I heard enough about it. let's stop the subject. stop it.。

英语词汇学Chapter 13 Elevation and Degradation of Meani

There are three major groups of metaphors according to function and character:
A. Anthropomorphic metaphors
B. Animal metaphors
C. Synaesthetic metaphors
Fond: foolish Tender and affectionate
minister
• Old: an attendant
• New: a person at the head of a department of a state.
marshall
Originally: A horse tender
Cat-o’-nine-tails; 九尾鞭；香蒲 Cat-ice: thin ice unsupported by water 薄冰 Catlap: slops, tea, etc. 稀薄饮料
Catmint or catnip 猫薄荷
Another large group of animal names can be transferred into words indicating persons.
A. Anthropomorphic metaphors
Many inanimate objects are compared to the parts of the human body.
the eye of a needle 针眼 the eye of a potato马铃薯的芽眼 the eye of the hurricane 风眼 the eye of a flower 花心 the eye of a peacock’s tail孔雀翎斑 the eye of the revolution 革命中心

用英语说中国历史Chapter13

用英语说中国历史Chapter13：唐朝-唐的成就(英汉)The Tang was the most brilliant dynasty in Chinese history, it’s also China’s second golden age after Han.唐朝是中国历史上最为辉煌的朝代,是中国继汉代之后的第二个黄金时期。

Tang accomplished splendid achievements in the areas of politics, economy, military affairs, culture, and foreign relations.唐代时，中国在政治、经济、军事、文化、中外关系等各个方面都取得了辉煌的成就。

Its especially important position in Chinese history may be summarized as follows ：唐朝在中国历史上的特殊重要地位可以从以下几个方面来认识：First, it was a second peak of development in Chinese history. In Chinese history, the development of economy, politics and culture peaked three times after the Warring States Period. The first peak appeared in the Western Han Dynasty, the second in the Tang, and the third in the Mingand Qing dynasties.首先,中国历史自战国以来，社会经济、政治、文化等在发展过程中出现过三次高潮，即三次鼎盛局面:第一次在西汉，第二次在唐代，第三次在明清。

Chapter 13 海关估价

Ⅲ. Case study——iPad收税 study——iPad收税
《入境旅客行李物品和个人邮递物品完税价格中规定，笔记本电脑产品完税价格为5000 表》中规定，笔记本电脑产品完税价格为5000 元人民币，税率20% 旅客若携带1台以上iPad 20%。元人民币，税率20%。旅客若携带1台以上iPad 入境便超出了免税范围，入境便超出了免税范围，超出部分每台须缴纳 1000元的税款元的税款。 1000元的税款。要是加征行邮税，从国外买iPad iPad就太不值 “要是加征行邮税，从国外买iPad就太不值一位苹果产品爱好者表示。据介绍，了。”一位苹果产品爱好者表示。据介绍，目 16G版本在美国苹果专卖店售价499美版本在美国苹果专卖店售价499 前iPad 16G版本在美国苹果专卖店售价499美约合人民币3500 3500元加上1000 1000元行邮税后元，约合人民币3500元，加上1000元行邮税后相当于4500元；而在国内家电卖场，iPad官方相当于4500元而在国内家电卖场，iPad官方 4500 零售价则为每台3988 3988元零售价则为每台3988元。 ——2010年09月29日来源：中关村在线 2010年 2010 09月29日来源：问题：iPad有不同售价，为什么固定征收问题：有不同售价，有不同售价 1000元？这与《海关估价协定》是否相冲突？元这与《海关估价协定》是否相冲突？
Fictitious
Adj. untrue; invented; not real 例句 1. She invented a fictitious boyfriend to put him off. (put sb. off 搪塞；敷衍) 搪塞；敷衍) 她虚构出一个男朋友来拒绝他。 2、他对那个事件的叙述完全是虚构的。 His account of the incident was totally fictitious.

小王子英语阅读记录chapter 13句子

小王子英语阅读记录chapter 13句子在《小王子》这本书中，第十三章是讲述小王子和狐狸之间的故事。

在这一章中，狐狸向小王子传授了关于友谊和责任的重要教训。

以下是一些值得注意的句子：
1. "And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye."（“这是我的一个秘密，很简单的秘密：只有用心才能看到真相；重要的东西眼睛是看不见的。

”）这句话告诉我们，真正重要的东西是无法用眼睛看到的，只有用心去感受才能理解。

2. "It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important."（“你为你玫瑰浪费的时间使得你的玫瑰变得如此重要。

”）这句话告诉我们，时间是我们最宝贵的财富之一，我们应该珍惜每一刻。

3. "Men have forgotten this truth. But you must not forget it. You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed."（“人们已经忘记了这个真理。

但是你不能忘记它。

你必须永远对你驯服的东西负责。

”）这句话告诉我们，当我们驯服某个事物时，我们就必须对它负责。

Chapter_13解读

2. Offer 发盘

An offer is a proposal that is made to a certain individual or legal entity to enter into a contract, which is definite in its terms, and which indicates the offeror’s intent to be bound. 发盘, 又称发价，是指交易的一方向另一方
卖方。

Parties of an offer:

发盘人（offerer): 有效的发盘一成立，发盘人就有义务在对方接受时按发盘中规定的条件与对方订立合同;

受盘人 (offeree): 有权在发盘的有效期内要求对方按发盘
中规定的条件与之签约 .
Hale Waihona Puke 2. Offer 发盘

发盘的分类：
实盘：对发盘人有约束力的发盘，只要受盘人接受

4. To understand the importance of contract in written form.
§1. Trade Negotiation
Trade Negotiation 交易磋商

Forms of trade negotiation：

口头（面谈、电话）书面（信函、电报、电传、传真、电子邮件等）

Enquiry is also known as invitation to offer. Both
importers and exporters can make use of this step to
initiate a potential transaction. 询盘, 又称询价，是

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Note: the rate of a chemical reaction has nothing to do with its G or G'o, but is determined by its activation energy (G )!
ATP is the universal currency for biological energy
Electron transfer via oxidationreduction reactions generates biological energy
When electrons flow from a low affinity carrier (e.g., glucose) to a high affinity carrier (e.g., O2), an electromotive force (emf) will be generated (with energy released and work done). Energy transducers (proteins) are needed. Oxidation of energy-rich biological fuels often means dehydrogenation (catalyzed by dehydrogenases) from carbons having various oxidation states. In the living cells, electrons are transferred directly as electrons (between metal ions), as hydrogen atoms (H++e-), or as a hydride ion (:H- or H++2e-).
whether a reaction occurs spontaneously. The standard free energy change in biochemistry (G'o) is a constant (measured under a standard set of conditions). G for a reaction can be larger, smaller, or the same as G'o, depending on the concentrations of the reactants and products (Q: mass action ratio).
Cells need energy to do all their work
To generate and maintain its highly ordered structure (biosynthesis of macromolecules). To generate motion (mechanical work). To generate concentration and electrical gradients across cell membranes (active transport). To generate heat and light. The "energy industry"(production, storage and use) is central to the economy of the cell society!
Carbons have various oxidation states, with hydrocarbon being the most reduced and CO2 being the most oxidized: electrons "owned" by the carbon decreases as oxidation state increases.
This was first perceived by Fritz Lipmann and Herman Kalckar in 1941 when studying glycolysis. Hydrolysis of the two phosphoanhydride (磷酸酐键) bonds in ATP generate more stable products releasing large amount of free energy (G'o is -30.5 kJ/mol; Gp in cells is -50 to -65 kJ/mol). The ATP molecule is kinetically stable at pH 7 and enzyme catalysis is needed for its hydrolysis. ATP actually exists as a sum of various species in cells (e.g., ATP4- and MgATP2-).
(pH 0) E' பைடு நூலகம் = 0.00 V
G can be calculated via E
The actual reduction potential (E) depends on electrons transferred per molecule (n), temperature (T), ratio of [electron acceptor]/[electron donor]:
Measuring the standard reduction potential (E'o)
e-
e-
Reference H+/H2
Test sample
(pH 0) E' o = 0.00 V
pH 7 E' = + 0.5 V
o
Reference H+/H2
Test sample
pH 7 E' o = - 0.5 V
cycle and acting as an energy currency)
ATP is not a long-term storage form of free energy in living cells, but phosphocreatine is one such phosphoryl reservoir, or so-called phosphagen.
Chapter 13 Principles of Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics : the quantitative study of energy transductions in living cells and the physical-chemical nature underlying these processes.
Cells have to use chemical energy to do all their work
Living cells are generally held at constant temperature and pressure: chemical energy (free energy, G) has to be used by living organisms. Biological energy transformation obey the two basic laws of thermodynamics. The free energy concept of thermodynamic is more important to biochemists than to chemists
5 8 4 7 2 2
3 6 1
5
2
0
Reduction potentials (E) measure affinity for electrons
Standard reduction potential (E'o) of each oxidant is measured by connecting a (test) half-cell having the oxidized and reduced species of the redox pair each at 1 M, or 1 atm for gases, pH 7 to a (reference) half-cell having 1 M H+ and 1 atm H2, whose E' o is arbitrarily assigned as 0.00 V. By convention, the redox pair having a higher tendency to acquire electrons is given a positive value of E'o.
ATP usually provides energy by group transfer of
ATP has an intermediate phosphoryl group transfer potential, thus ADP can accept and ATP can donate phosphoryl groups (forming the ATP-ADP
Go of a redox reaction can be calculated
from the E (= E of the electron donor – E of the electron acceptor):
A few universal carriers collect electrons from the stepwise oxidation of various substrates
Cellular oxidation of a nutrient occurs via stepwise reactions (pathways) for efficient energy transduction. NAD+, NADP+, FAD, and FMN are universal reversible electron carriers (as coenzymes of various enzymes). NAD and NADP are dinucleotides able to accept/donate a hydride ion (with 2e-) for each round of reduction/oxidation. NAD (as NAD+) usually acts in oxidations and NADP (as NADPH) in reductions.