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电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：431 金融学综合注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、判断题，正确的标注“ü”，错误的标注“û”。
（每题 1 分，共 10 分）1、通常而言，未对信用贷款申请者进行信用记录审核的银行更加可能吸引到低质量的高风险客户，这反映了信贷过程中的“逆向选择（Adverse Selection）”问题。
（）2、某投资者声称“根本无法通过分析股票的历史信息而获得异常回报”，这说明该投资者是“弱式有效市场”的坚信者。
（）3、平均而言，创业板较之主板具有较高市盈率（Price-to-Earning Ratio, 简称PE Ratio）的原因在于，创业板市场的投资者更加非理性，从而导致高的市盈率。
（）4、套期保值者和投机者是金融市场上基本的两类投资者，而投机者的本质就是赌徒。
（）5、远期和期货属于风险对冲的工具，而期权和互换属于保险的工具。
（）6、根据组合选择理论，市场上存在无风险资产的情形下，不同投资者最优的风险资产组合并不依赖于其个人的风险偏好。
（）7、假设你当前建立3个月后到期的、5000蒲式耳的小麦期货空头，并缴纳$2,000的保证金。
第二天，该期货价格下跌5美分，那么你保证金账户的资金余额将为$2,000 + $250 =$2,250。
（）8、2014年5月29日，Apple公司股票的收盘价为每股$921/16。
假设现有以Apple公司股票为标的资产、执行价格为每股$120、到期日为2014年12月25日的看涨期权，那么，可以判断该看涨期权价格为零。
9、其它条件不变的情况下，标的资产的价格波动越大，看涨期权和看跌期权的价格都越高。
（）10、有限责任公司的股东相当于持有以公司资产为标的资产、到期债务总额为执行价格、债务到期日为到期日的一份看涨期权，债权人则相当于持有一份看跌期权。
（）二、单项选择（每题 3 分，共 45分）第 1 页共7 页第 2 页 共 7 页1、 每份美国国债的面值高达$100,000，现有一位投资者拟将手头的$1,000投资于美国国债。
第 1 页 共 4 页电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目857 概率论与数理统计注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、 填空题（每题3分，共15分）1、任取一正整数，该数的平方的末位数是1的概率是__________.2、 设随机变量123,,X X X 相互独立，其中1X 在区间[0,6]上服从均匀分布，2X 服从正态分布2(0,2)N ，3X 服从参数为3λ=的泊松分布，记12323Y X X X =-+,则D （Y ）=___________.3、 设随机变量X 服从参数为2的泊松分布，且Y ＝3X －2，则E （3Y ＋2）=__________.4、 设随机变量,X Y 相互独立且都服从正态分布2(0,3)N ，而129,,,X X X ⋅⋅⋅和129,,,Y Y Y ⋅⋅⋅为分别来自总体X 和Y 的简单随机样本，则统计量U =服从 ，参数为 . 5、 假设一批产品中一，二，三等品各占60%，30%，10%，从中随意取出一件，结果不是三等品，则取得的是一等品的概率为 .二、 单项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1、设当事件A 与B 同时发生时，事件C 必发生，则（ ）(A)()()()1P C P A P B ≤+- (B) ()()()1P C P A P B ≥+- (C) ()()P C P AB = (D) ()()P C P A B =2、设随机变量,X Y 均服从正态分布，2(,4)X N μ，2(,5)YN μ，记1{4}p P X μ=≤-，2{5}p P Y μ=≥+，则（）第 2 页 共 4 页(A)对任何实数μ，都有12p p =（B ）对任何实数μ，都有12p p < (C) 只对μ的个别值，才有12p p = （D ）对任何实数μ，都有12p p > . 3、如果,ξη满足()()D D ξηξη+=-，则必有 ( ) (A)ξ与η独立 (B) ξ与η不相关 (C) 0D η=(D) 0D D ξη= 4、若设随机变量X 和Y 都服从标准正态分布，则( )(A) X +Y 服从正态分布 (B)22X Y +服从2χ分布 (C)2X 和2Y 都服从2χ分布 (D)22/X Y 服从F 分布 5、设12,,X X ⋅⋅⋅为独立同分布序列，且(1,2,)i X i =⋅⋅⋅均服从参数为4的指数分布，当n 比较大时，11ni i X n =∑近似服从 ( ). (A) 4(4,)N n(B) 11(,)416N n (C)11(,)416N (D) (4,)16n N 三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1、 有两个口袋，甲袋中盛有两个白球，一个黑球，乙袋中盛有一个白球，两个黑球，由甲袋中任取一个球放入乙袋，再从乙袋中取出一个球，求取得白球的概率。
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：852 近代物理基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一．选择题（10小题，每题3分，共30分）1．一维无限深方势阱中的粒子，其能级与量子数n的关系是（）。
(A)正比于n(B)正比于n2(C)正比于n3(D)正比于1/n22. 粒子自旋的本质是（）(A)内秉自由度(B)绕自身对称轴的高速旋转(C)反映出粒子性(D)具有能量的特点3.一把直尺相对于Σ系静止，直尺与x轴交角为θ，今有一观察者以速度v沿x轴运动，他看到直尺与x 轴交角为（）(A)θ(B)tg‒1[(1‒v2/c2)‒1/2 tgθ](C)2θ(D)tg‒1[(1‒v2/c2)1/2 tgθ]4. 在伽利略变换下（）(A)牛顿定律是协变的，麦克斯韦方程不是协变的。
(B)牛顿定律不是协变的，麦克斯韦方程是协变的。
(C)牛顿定律和麦克斯韦方程都不是协变的。
(D)牛顿定律和麦克斯韦方程都是协变的。
5. 关于光子描述正确的说法是（）(A) 静止质量为零，运动时质量也为零。
(B)静止质量不为零，运动质量为零。
(C)静止质量和运动质量均不为零。
(D)静止质量为零，以光速运动的质量不为零。
6. 氢原子(库仑引力势场中的电子)的径向波函数具有（）的形式。
共3页第3页(A)合流超几何函数(B)球贝塞尔函数(C)连带勒让德函数(D)厄密函数7. 下面哪种说法是不正确的？（）(A)一切粒子都具有波粒二象性(B)微观粒子的波动性是大量粒子相互作用表现出的集体效应(C)宏观物体的波动性极不明显(D)微观粒子的状态可用波函数描述8. 均匀无穷长直圆柱形螺线管每单位长度线圈匝数为n，电流强度为I，则管内和管外磁感应强度B分别为（）(A)n μ0 I和0(B)n μ0 I和n μ0 I /2(C)2 n μ0 I和n μ0 I(D)n μ0 I/2和09. 在绝缘介质与导体的分界面上，在静电情况下，导体外的电场线（）于导体表面；在恒定电流的情况下，导体内电场线总是（）于导体表面。
西安电子科技大学网络与继续教育学院2015学年上学期《概率论与数理统计》期末考试试题（综合大作业）考试说明：1、大作业于2015年4月3日公布，2015年5月9日前在线提交；2、考试必须独立完成，如发现抄袭、雷同、拷贝均按零分计。
一、选择题（每小题2.5分，共25分） 1、设A 、B 、C 是随机事件，则（ A ）。
A ．()A B B A B ?=- B ．()A B B A -?C ．()()A B C A B C -=-D ．A B AB AB =-2、设甲、乙两人进行象棋比赛，A 表示事件“甲胜乙负”，则A 表示事件（ D ）。
A ．“甲负乙胜” B ．“甲乙平局” C ．“甲负” D ．“甲负或平局”3、设事件A 与事件B 互不相容，则（ D ）。
A ．()0P AB = B ．()()()P AB P A P B =C ．()1()P A P B =-D ．()1P A B = 4、设A B 、互不相容，且()0,()0P A P B >>，则（ A ）。
A ．()0P BA >B ．()()P A B P A =C ．()0P A B =D ．()()()P AB P A P B =5、在下述函数中，可以作为某随机变量的分布函数的是（ B ）。
A ．21(), 1F x x x =-∞<<+∞+ B ．11()arctan , 2F x x x π=+-∞<<+∞C ．1(1), 0()20, 0xe x F x x -⎧->⎪=⎨⎪≤⎩D ．()() ()xF x f x dx x -∞=-∞<<+∞⎰，其中()1f x dx +∞-∞=⎰6、设随机变量~(0,1)X N ，则方程2240t Xt ++=没有实根的概率为（ A ）。
A ．2(2)1Φ- B ．(4)(2)ΦΦ- C ．(4)(2)ΦΦ--- D ．(2)(4)ΦΦ-7、设随机变量~(1,1)X N ，其分布函数为()F x ，概率密度为()f x ，则（ C ）。
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：613 分子生物学注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、名词解释（30分，每题3分）1、DNA半保留复制2、GU-AG法则3、核酶4、核定位序列NLS5、同源结构域6、单核苷酸多态性SNP7、基因敲除8、操纵子9、顺式作用元件10、管家基因二、填空题（30分，每空1分）1、参与真核生物细胞核所有基因转录的转录因子是蛋白。
2、克隆来自人基因组约500kb长的DNA片段，最佳载体是。
3、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I的生物功能有、和作用。
用蛋白水解酶作用DNA聚合酶I，可将其分为大、小两个片段，其中片段叫Klenow片段，失去了活性。
4、hnRNA加工过程中，在mRNA上出现并代表蛋白质的DNA序列叫；不在mRNA上出现，不代表蛋白质的DNA序列叫。
5、某dsDNA分子中，5′-ATCGCTCGA -3′为模板链，若转录为mRNA，其碱基排列顺序应为。
6、RNA生物合成中，RNA聚合酶的活性需要模板，原料是。
7、蛋白质的生物合成是以为模板，以为原料直接供体，以为合成杨所。
8、大肠杆菌的RNA聚合酶为多亚基酶，由 亚基和 因子组成，参与转录起始的是酶，而参与延伸的是酶。
9、能形成DNA-RNA杂交分子的生物合成过程有、，形成的分子基础是。
10、HIV中文全称是。
11、转录激活因子一般具有结构域和结构域。
12、从Bacillus amyloliquefaciens菌株H中分离出来的第一种限制性内切酶应命名为。
13、原核生物基因表达的“默认”状态是，因此基因表达调控的方式主要是；而真核生物基因表达的“默认”状态是，故其基因表达调控的方式主要是。
三、选择题（30分，每题1分）1、EST (Expressed sequence tags) 序列本质上是( )A、基因组DNAB、cDNA序列C、mRNA序列D、多肽序列2、真核生物染色体组装的结构层次（从低级到高级）是( )A、染色质纤维→核小体→组蛋白八聚体→染色体环B、核小体→组蛋白八聚体→染色体环→染色质纤维C、组蛋白八聚体→核小体→染色质纤维→染色体环D、核小体→组蛋白八聚体→染色质纤维→染色体环3、病毒不具备的生命特征是( )A、细胞结构B、生长和繁殖C、对环境的适应性D、新陈代谢4、重复序列在基因组中占据比例最高的生物是( )A、大肠杆菌B、果蝇C、拟南芥D、人5、放疗可用来治疗许多癌症如白血病，高剂量的射线摧毁快速分裂细胞的原理是它可导致( )A、DNA交联B、DNA去甲基化C、DNA双链断裂D、DNA分子上嘌呤脱落6、端粒酶是一种( )A、依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶B、依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶C、依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶D、依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶7、下列可用于制备重组DNA的要素是( )A、质粒B、两个不同来源的DNAC、限制性核酸内切酶D、上述都是8、以下双链DNA结构中，最不易被限制性内切酶降解的是( )A、CTATACTGCAGCB、CTCAATTGAAC、GCACCGGTCCTD、A TGGTTAACTGG9、真核生物体内最容易发生的自发点突变是( )A、C→UB、C→TC、A→GD、T→G10、Griffith和Avery所做的肺炎球菌实验是为了( )A、证明DNA的复制是半保留复制B、筛选抗肺炎球菌的药物C、证明DNA是生命的遗传物质D、分离引起肺炎的细菌11、SD (Shine-Dalgarno) 序列是指( )A、在mRNA分子的起始密码上游8-13个核苷酸处的序列B、在DNA分子上转录起始位点前8-13个核苷酸处的序列C、16s rRNA 3'端富含嘧啶的序列D、启动基因转录的特征序列12、催化真核细胞rDNA转录的RNA聚合酶是( )A、RNA聚合酶IB、RNA聚合酶IIC、RNA聚合酶IIID、RNA聚合酶I和III13、真核细胞核mRNA在加帽反应中引入到5′端的连接方式是( )A、5′→ 3′B、3′→ 5′C、5′→ 5′D、3′→ 3′14、分离获得一段dsDNA分子，长为1000bp，经检测其中G的含量为200个，则每条ssDNA分子中碱基组成正确的是( )A、G＋C=400B、A＋T=300C、G＋C=800D、A＋T=80015、以下不会出现在一个cDNA克隆中的序列是( )A、外显子B、5′非翻译区C、多聚腺苷酸尾巴D、TATA框16、以下关于启动子的描述，正确的是( )A、mRNA开始被翻译的那段DNA序列B、RNA聚合酶最初与DNA结合的那段DNA序列C、可能转录不同基因的那段DNA序列D、开始生成的mRNA序列17、目前，国际上普遍采用模式生物，如酵母、线虫、果蝇、爪蟾及小鼠等，来揭示许多生命现象的机理，可以用这些模式生物作研究的最重要的原因是( )A、易于培养，花费少B、生活周期相对短C、代表不同进化时期D、生命活动的基本机理相对保守18、下列事件中，不属于表观遗传调控的是( )A、DNA甲基化B、组蛋白乙酰化C、mRNA 加尾D、RNA干扰19、下列各项中，不属于真核生物基因表达转录前水平调节的过程是( )A、RNA编辑B、染色质丢失C、染色体DNA的修饰和异染色质化D、基因重排20、有人发现了一种新的限制性内切酶，其识别的碱基序列是GCGCNNNNNGCGC，如果用这种酶消化一段长约500Kb的DNA序列，得到的消化产物的平均大小约是( )A、4kbB、1kbC、64kbD、16kb21、下列对基因概念描述正确的是( )A、基因是一段染色体B、顺反子是将基因描述为一个功能单位C、一个基因一个酶非常准确地表达出了基因的特性D、一个基因就是一个突变子22、一个线性dsDNA分子经6次连续复制后，原始DNA占总DNA的比例是( )A、1/64B、1/32C、1/12D、1/623、在细胞分化过程中，具有相同DNA的细胞( )A、含有不同的基因B、可能转录不同的基因C、以相同的速率分化D、必须发育也相似24、下列不是PCR反应所需的是( )A、Mg2＋离子B、引物C、脱氧核苷酸D、连接酶25、无义密码子的功能是( )A、编码n种氨基酸中的每一种B、使mRNA附着于任一核糖体上C、编码每一种正常的氨基酸D、规定mRNA中被编码信息的终止26、某研究人员想培育出一种个体硕大的超级老鼠，他最有可能成功的方式( )A、延缓细胞衰老B、破坏p53基因功能C、过量表达生长因子D、促进细胞分化27、指导合成蛋白质的结构基因大多数是( )A、单拷贝序列B、中度重复序列C、高度重复序列D、回文序列28、以下不能实现基因敲除(Gene Knockout) 的技术是( )A、Cre/Loxp 位点特异性重组B、T-DNA插入失活C、TALEN靶向核酸酶技术D、RNAi干扰29、下列对密码子特性描述正确的是( )A、密码子的简并性是指每个氨基酸有1-3个编码密码子B、密码子间没有间隙C、所有生物中的密码都是相同的D、上述各项30、以下各种可变剪接方式中不可能发生的是( )A、外显子跳过B、内含子保留C、可变的5′剪接位点D、改变外显子连接的顺序四、简答题（60分）1、简述真核生物RNA的转录后加工过程。
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：840 物理光学注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、选择题（每小题3分、共60分）1.可以用复振幅表示光波的条件是。
A. 线性运算B. 非线性运算C. 单色光D. 复色光2. 部分偏振光可以表示为。
A. 两正交线偏振光的叠加B. 线偏振光和圆偏振光的叠加C. 线偏振光和自然光的叠加D. 线偏振光和椭圆偏振光的叠加3. 自然光正入射到界面，其反射光为。
2015年电子科技大学成都考研真题622心理学综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：622心理学综合注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、单选题（每题2分，共100分）1、心理现象不包括（）A.脑电活动B.感觉和注意C.情绪和思维D.性格和气质2、大脑的哪个部分与情绪过程关系密切？（）A.布洛卡区B.杏仁核C.脑干D.小脑3、视觉悬崖实验表明六个月大的婴儿已经具备（）A.知觉恒常性B.感觉后像C.知觉整体性D.深度知觉4、大脑两半球的机能是不对称的，其中右半球的优势功能是（）A.数学运算B.言语理解C.空间知觉D.抽象思维5、感觉记忆的特点不包括（）A.鲜明的形象B.意识的参与C.保持时间短D.记忆容量大6、由出乎意料的紧迫情况所引起的高度紧张的情绪状态叫( )A.激情B.心态C.心境D.应激7、威尔尼克中枢受到损伤会造成（）A．言语理解困难 B.言语表达困难 C.失读症 D.失写症8、沙赫特认为，情绪是多种因素共同作用的结果，其中起决定作用的因素是（）A.情景归因B.环境刺激C.机体生理变化D.中枢神经活动共8页第1页9、创造性思维的特征不包括（）A.独特性B.生动性C.变通性D.流畅性10、下列心理学家中，属于机能主义学派的是（）A.荣格B.斯金纳C.罗杰斯D.詹姆士11、气质类型为粘液质的人其高级神经活动过程的特征是（）A.强、不平衡、不灵活B.强、平衡、灵活C.强、不平衡、灵活D.强、平衡、不灵活12、关于记忆的序列位置效应的叙述不正确的是（）A.前端记忆材料不受后摄抑制的影响B.前端记忆材料可能进入了长时记忆系统C.中端材料记忆同时受前摄和倒摄抑制影响D.后端记忆材料可能进入了短时记忆系统13、解决问题有算法式和启发式两种策略，启发式策略是指（）A.逐一尝试所有可能的方法，最终达到最优化的问题解决的策略B.一种迂回的、以退为进的问题解决策略C.运用已有经验，在问题空间中只做少量尝试就解决问题的策略D.一种广泛征求他人意见，类似头脑风暴的问题解决策略14、心理定势往往是一种（）A.无意识动机B.有意识动机C.生理性动机D.外部动机15、下列情况不属于条件反射的是（）A.谈虎色变B.吃柠檬流口水C.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳D.望梅止渴16、下列关于错觉的叙述不正确的是（）共8页第2页A.错觉是对客观事物的歪曲知觉B.只要具备产生错觉的条件，错觉就一定会发生C.采用心理调节可以克服错觉现象D.错觉所产生的歪曲带有固定的倾向17、表象的作用不包括（）A.积累感性知识B.从感知向思维过渡的桥梁C.为想象提供素材D.创造出新形象18、关于言语的陈述不正确的是（）A.言语是人们运用语言交流思想,进行交际的过程B.言语是一种心理现象C.言语能力和流体智力正相关D.言语活动离不开语言19、感受性与感觉阈限之间的关系是（）A.常数关系B.对数关系C.正比关系D.反比关系20、以下能够测定12种人格特质的问卷是（）A.艾森克人格问卷B.Y-G人格测试C.主题统觉测验D.卡特尔人格因素问卷21、以下关于儿童“第一反抗期”的说法，错误的一项是（）A.儿童的第一反抗期与儿童的自我意识发展紧密联系，是儿童心理发展过程中的自然过程。
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：832 微电子器件注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、填空题（共45分，每空1分）1、泊松方程的积分形式即是（）定理，它的物理意义是：流出一个闭合曲面的电通量等于该闭合曲面围成的体积内的（）。
2、PN结的扩散电容和势垒电容有很多不同之处。
例如：（）只存在于正向偏压之下；（）的正负电荷在空间上是分离的；（）能用作变容二极管。
3、锗二极管和相同掺杂浓度、相同尺寸的硅二极管相比，其反向饱和电流更（），正向导通压降更（）。
4、碰撞电离率是指每个载流子在（）内由于碰撞电离产生的（）的数目。
电场越（），材料的禁带宽度越（），碰撞电离率将越大。
5、温度升高时，PN结的雪崩击穿电压将（），这是因为温度升高将导致晶格振动加强，因而载流子的平均自由程（）。
6、MOSFET用于数字电路时，其工作点设置在（）区和（）区；双极型晶体管用于模拟电路时，其直流偏置点设置在（）区。
7、双极型晶体管的t b既是基区渡越时间，又是（）电阻与（）电容的乘积。
8、双极型晶体管的跨导代表其（）电流受（）电压变化的影响。
双极型晶体管的直流偏置点电流I E越大，跨导越（）；工作温度越高，跨导越（）。
（第三、四个空填“大”或“小”）9、一般来说，双极型晶体管的几个反向电流之间的大小关系为：I ES（）I CS；I CBO（）I CEO；BV CBO（）BV CEO；BV EBO（）BV CBO（填“>”、“<”或“=”）10、当双极型晶体管集电极反偏，发射极开路时，发射极电流（）零，发射结上的偏压（）零。
（填“>”、“<”或“=”）11、增加双极型晶体管的基区宽度将（）厄尔利电压，（）基极电阻，（）基区输运系数。
12、NMOS的衬底相对于源端应该接（）电位。
当|V BS|增加时，其阈值电压将（）。
（第二个空填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）13、MOSFET的沟道载流子和位于半导体内的载流子相比，除受到（）散射及电离杂质散射作用外，还会受到（）散射，因此，通常沟道载流子的迁移率（）体内载流子迁移率。
