江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题四任务型阅读第一节技法点拨优选习题

第二节分类突破一、原文词汇类(2017·江苏)Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits，but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900，people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century，declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)，but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？First，China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend，Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.考场思维模式第一步：读表格，知文章大意通过略读树状图，可知本文话题是“人口下降”，并且分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。

专题二 完形填空
技法1| 利用上下文暗示解题
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所
谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

[典例1 (2015·江苏高考)I'm an ambitious __40__， and when I started going through chemo (化疗), even though I'm a very 41.positive person, I lost my drive to write.
40．A.reader B．writer
C．editor D．doctor
B[联系后文中的I lost my drive to write(我失去了写作的动力)可知，作者是一名作家(writer)。

reader读者；editor编辑；doctor医生。

]
[典例2](2014·江苏高考)Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50.confidence he needed.By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in __51__．
51．A.horse－riding B．football
C．speech D．farming C[联系前文“在大庭广众下演说”(Speaking before groups)可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。

]。

第二节分类打破一、原文词汇类(2021·江苏)Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits，but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900，people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century，declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.e，around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)，but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？First，d，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poordiet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend，Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in hi ghly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，r，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.考场思想模式第一步：读表格，知文章粗心经过略读树状图，可知本文话题是“人口降落〞，而且剖析了几个国家存在的人口问题。

【5个专题】2019高考英语江苏专用精准提分二轮试题第1节记叙文题组训练一1(2018·江苏)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 1 to pay lawyers’ fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a 2 disease.There was no 3 ，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 4 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者) guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 5 recovery.When leaving home，Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the 6 low by living on boiled noodles，with the 7 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 8 in England.To avoid being caught，the Winns had to get their tent up 9 and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking intheir 50s is a lot 10 than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor 11 all over and desired a bath.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial 12 ，found his symptoms were strangely 13 by their daily tiring journey.14 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 15 forever.“Our hair was fried and falling out，nails broken，clothes 16 to a thread，but we were alive.”During the journey，Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes，“ 17 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare，an empty page at the end of a(n) 18 written book.It had also given me a 19 ，either to leave that page 20 or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。

把握三个复习着手点学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。

因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。

1．学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。

如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。

2．学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。

如：the citizens' longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。

如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways...转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university...(3)句子结构转换。

如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation's workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。

2019年江苏省高考英语模拟试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AAustralians really know how to have a good time. Any type of hobby that you can think of can be found in Australia. The following are four top Australian pastimes.FishingFishing is probably one of the most popular free-time activities in Australia and many people love spending their free time waiting at the end of a rod for a fish to bite on their line. There is free public access to almost all beaches，canals and coasts，which means there are plenty of great places to fish.SurfingAnother popular pastime of the Australians is surfing. Australia has a lot of beautiful surf spots，especially in Queensland. Queensland has some of the best surf beaches in the country such as Noosa Heads，Stradbroke Island，and Burleigh Heads，with the Gold Coast being the best known.BoatingWhat else does an Australian do for fun on the weekend？Theymight go for a ride on their boat！Plenty of Australians live on the coast and are boat owners. Boat owners might take their craft out to go fishing，or they might just want to sail around the waters slowly.BarbecuesAustralians will also typically host barbecues with their friends and family. They really know how to barbecue. The standard of meat that is cooked and the quality of the cooking is second to none. With New Zealand being so close，the lamb is fresh and absolutely remarkable. But the lamb is not all that is cooked. Any one barbecue in Australia can expect upwards of 7 types of meat，from shrimps （?r）to kangaroos.21. Which of the following surf spots is the most famous in Queensland？A. Noosa Heads.B. the Gold Coast.C. Burleigh Heads.D. Stradbroke Island.22. What can we infer from the last paragraph？A. Tourists can hire boats to go for a ride.B. Tourists prefer fishing to other pastimes.C. The lamb is imported from New Zealand.D. People in New Zealand have better cooking skills.23. What are most of the four top Australian pastimes related to？A. Water.B. Sightseeing.C. Food.D. Deserts.BIt’s a rainy，cold winter afternoon. The boys are playing in their rooms，so it’s the perfect time to do some baking，just enjoying thepeaceful moment as I knead（揉）bread dough（生面团）. Suddenly，there is the sound of shouting，tears，a door slam，followed one of them calling，“Mom！He hurt me！”and footsteps running up the stairs. I sigh. My younger son is standing in front of me in tears. I go to hug him as my elder son comes up too，ready to defend his position. All hope of some quiet time has disappeared，but I just don’t feel like playing judge today.“So，who wants to help me bake some bread？”I ask brightly，ignoring their angry looks at not being able to tell me their tales of bitterness. No takers.“Bread is boring，”Tristan finally admits.“Okay，what would you like to make？”I ask.“Chocolate！”Sawyer yells，breaking free of my embrace.“Chocolate chip cookies！”Tristan agrees happily.As I watch Sawyer practice breaking eggs and Tristan reading on his own and patiently instructing his brother on how to measure brown sugar and see their excitement as they use the mixer to grind oats，I know there’s nothing else I’d rather be doing.The kitchen is a disaster. There is egg juice on the counter，flour on the floor，and a mountain of dishes to clean up. But peering through the mess are two happy faces―covered in chocolate，of course，but，smiling ear to ear---and the mess，and their previous fight，is forgotten.As we close the curtains，we sit together on the sofa，and dig into the big plate of cookies，fresh from the oven，baked with love and more than a dash of silliness.24. Why did the writer sigh？A. Her two sons fought again.B. She couldn’t do any baking.C. She had to play with naughty sons.D. Rain ruined a good winter afternoon.25. Why do the writer’s two sons look angry？A. They have to do some houseworkB. They can’t play referee todayC. They have no chance to complainD. They consider themselves treated unfairly26. While baking chocolate，the two boys ______.A. asked the writer to go for a restB. got along well with each otherC. did everything as the writer askedD. planned everything carefully in advance27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A. Everything Is a DisasterB. Baking Is TerribleC. Sons Can CookD. Chocolate Cookies End a FightCWhat is the most common cause for people in the UK to ask for leave due to illness？The answer is not the common cold or flu，but back pain. Back pain affects one in three British adults，costs the country over 5 billion pounds every year and is very difficult to treat. Butnow Britain's National Health Service（NHS）will be offering a new solution：acupuncture. The ancient Chinese needle treatment has been around in the UK for many years，but this is the first time it has been officially approved by the NHS. Traditionally，doctors in the UK have advised back pain sufferers to stay active，do stretching exercises and take painkillers when necessary. In more serious cases some people are given X-ray treatment or injections with medicines.However，there is evidence that acupuncture may be more effective than expensive X-rays or injections，so patients who have been suffering for over six weeks should be given a choice. As an alternative to acupuncture，patients will be able to choose either a course of spinal manipulation（脊柱推拿），or a series of special exercise sessions. In the UK，acupuncture is regarded as an aiding treatment，which means medical procedure hasn’t experienced serious experiments by which scientists prove some treatments work. While many experts have welcomed the policy to make acupuncture available on the NHS，some are still skeptical about its effectiveness.Research from the US earlier this month found that similar acupuncture using toothpicks（牙签）which do not stick into the skin could be as good as using real needles. So while some are yet to be convinced，back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture helps get them feeling healthy again.28. According to the passage，which is the best way to treat back pain？A. To stay active.B. To be acupunctured.C. To do stretching exercisesD. To take X-ray treatment or injections.29. Why are some people still doubtful about the effectiveness of acupuncture？A. Because they have other choices.B. Because acupuncture is just an aiding treatment.C. Because using toothpicks is as good as using real needles.D. Because acupuncture hasn’t been tested by scientists strictly.30. What does the author want to prove in the last paragraph？A. Acupuncture can be an effective treatment for back pain.B. Toothpicks is a useful tool for acupuncture.C. Needles are no better than toothpicks.D. Toothpicks will take place of needles in the future.31. What does the passage mainly talk about？A. The magic needles.B. Acupuncture in the UK.C. The ways to treat back pain.D. The reasons for people to ask for leave.DYoung children often“read”picture books. They’re attracted by the colorful scenery and the realistic characters that contribute to fascinating plots.Unfortunately，some children can’t use these resources，even ifthey do know how to read. Take three-year old Elodie Bateson，for example. Elodie was born with under-developed eyes and has retinal detachments（?网膜脱落），making her visually impaired. It is because of people like Elodie that Tom Yeh，head of the Tactile Picture Books Project，has started printing 3D books，so they can feel the illustrations in picture books.The first book Tom Yeh printed was Goodnight Moon，a popular children’s book about a rabbit going to sleep and wishing good night to his surroundings. In the 3D version of this book，children can feel each thing that the rabbit says good night to，whether it is a cow jumping over the moon，a balloon，or a dollhouse.Generally，when children grow older，they read by using Braille，a language that was invented by Louis Braille in 1824. It uses different patterns of raised dots representing different letters. Readers can then feel the dots and mentally translate the patterns they feel into words. The only problem is that many blind children do not start learning Braille until they are about six years old.Another reason why 3D printed books are such a valuable resource is that children don’t have to know how to read to understand them. However，without these，visually impaired kids are losing six developmental years vital to their growth since they can’t take advantage of picture books.When 3D picture books are printed，plastic is layered（分层放置）repeatedly over a single shape：the shape of the illustration. These raised pictures created through layered plastic serve as substitutes for the Brailleletters that little children have no knowledge of.32. What does the underlined word“impaired”in paragraph 2 mean？A. Unmatched.B. Disappeared.C. Defeated.D. Damaged.33. What can we know about Braille from Paragraph 5？A. The blind at any age can read by using Braille.B. Most people can translate Braille into words.C. Blind kids begin learning Braille at about six years old.D. Braille uses similar patterns of raised dots to stand for different letters.34. We can know that the illustrations in 3D books are raised______.A. dotsB. picturesC. lettersD. plastic35. What is the aim of the Tactile Picture Books Project？A. To teach the blind children Braille.B. To encourage kids to read books.C. To cure visually impaired children.D. To help the blind children read picture books.第二? （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

专题四任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧考查形式1原文词汇1．命题特点：此类题考查学生捕捉文中信息的能力。

常占总题量的50%～60%，难度不大，关键是信息的定位与筛选。

2．解题技巧(1)有些原文词汇难度不大，学生只需要结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的句子即可。

此时题目所在的句子和原文句子同样比较简短。

[典例1](2016·江苏高考)It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.________ of the matter.【解析】本题对应第三段中的which helps me dig into the core andunderstand its meaning，指找出问题的“核心/关键”，故填heart/core。

[典例2](2015·江苏高考)Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and 79.______ themselves to the reality.【解析】本题对应倒数第二段中的he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work，且空前的and 连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一致，因此这里用动词原形adapt。

(2)有少数原文词汇题比较复杂，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句均很长。

在这两种情况下，由于题目所在句是对原文所在句进行了句型转换，意思一样，但原文词汇显得更加隐蔽，基础差的同学往往发现不了。

此时，学生要认真比对信息，通过筛选和甄别，最终锁定原文词汇。

[典例](2012·江苏高考)Such a management style may result in greater 72.______ and less productivity in the assistants.【解析】该句是根据第一段最后一句“In doing so，managers lift everyone's anxiety level，which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层)，which is responsible for effective problem solving.”改写而来。

第一节技法点拨近五年江苏卷完形填空考情统计年份体裁选项设置词汇复现语境词义逻辑关系固定搭配2021 记述文 1 17 1 12021 记述文 3 14 2 12021 夹叙类议文 4 14 0 22021 记述文 1 17 2 02021 记述文 2 14 1 3剖析近五年的江苏卷高考试题，我们不难发现，完形填空的文章体裁主假如记述文，有时是夹叙夹议文。

内容主假如流传知识，传达正能量，可读性较强。

题型分为句内、句组和语篇等三个层次，以句内层次和句组层次题为主，语篇层次题为辅。

设空以语境题和词汇题为主，较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。

这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中一直有这三个层次，认真甄别每道题是属于哪一种层次，而后再确立用何种方法来解题，进而做到十拿九稳。

一、解题步骤1．通读全文，掌握要旨。

在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息，注意找出文章的重点词、中心词，画出某些代表人物和情节的词句，理清“情节线〞和“感情线〞，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。

2．上下求索，先易后难。

完形填空设题往常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，碰到没有掌握的题目时，可临时跳过空格，顺着本来的思路持续推动，等到全局部空格选出答案后，借助已补全的信息，回头打扫“最牛钉子户〞。

3．复读全文，微调答案。

做完题后，把填好答案的短文通读一遍，看看有没有显然的语法错误和逻辑矛盾，必需时加以更正。

二、解题策略完形填空题的解答实质上就是经过信息破解未知信息。

这需要考生从完形填空文章所包括的错乱的信息系统中剖析、查找、排查没关的信息，定位和查找出与每处详细的填空有关系的信息，再依据这些信息最后得出正确答案。

下边我们将介绍句内、句组和语篇三种层次题的常用解题技巧，看看是怎样利用信息来确立未知信息的。

(一)句内层次题1．利用习惯搭配和固定构造解题完形填空中常常会考察一些习惯搭配和固定构造，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配和固定构造来解题。

专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内达成4篇不一样体裁、题材的阅读理解题。

考生不单要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能经过表层意思合理地推测出文章的隐含意义。

近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握状况的考察转向对能力的考察，命题者更关注考生用英语获守信息的能力和办理有关信息的能力。

为了帮助考生清楚地认识英语阅读理解题的状况，下边将详细剖析近5年江苏卷英语阅读理解题的命题特色：近五年江苏卷阅读理解考情统计年份内容2021 2021 2021 2021 2021体裁记述文0 0 1 0 0 谈论文 1 1 0 2 1 应用文 1 1 1 1 1 说明文 2 2 2 1 2题型细节理解题8 7 8 5 8 推理判断题 4 6 3 7 6 要旨粗心题 2 0 3 2 1 词义猜想题 1 2 1 1 0由以上统计可看出，江苏卷对阅读理解的考察文体上以应用文、记述文、说明文、谈论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜想题、要旨粗心题较难，所占比率较少，命题很好地表达了“着重根基，表达层次，有益于选拔人材〞的高考命题思想。

一、阅读理解解题四步法第一步扫描题干，划要点定位词，划分题型和展望文章主要内容。

第二步通读全文，抓住中心。

1．通读全文，抓两个要点：(1)段中心句、核心看法常在第一段，常在首段出题。

(2)其余各段的段首和段尾句。

其余局部略读，有要点地读。

2．抓住中心，用一分半时间思虑3个问题：(1)文章表达的主要内容是什么？(2)文章中有无提到核心看法？(3)作者的大概态度是什么？第三步认真审题，返回原文。

认真看题干，把每道题和原文的某处成立联系，挂起钩。

定位原那么：(1)往常是由题干出发，使用找寻要点词定位原那么。

(要点词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原那么。

出题的次序与行文的次序是根本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

要建立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。