09外院 英美文学与汉语写作 回忆

学校代码：11910考生准考证号：广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学复试笔试试卷（样题）考试专业：翻译学专业方向：考试科目：翻译理论与实践考生姓名：考生成绩：试卷评阅人：1.本试卷共4页(含本页)，本试卷分3大题。

2.答案必须写在本试卷上。

书写必须工整、清晰。

请用钢笔答题。

3.考生必须把专业方向和姓名填写在本试卷封面相应的地方。

4.考试时间为二小时。

试卷满分为100分。

5.考试结束时本试卷必须交回监考老师处。

*考试时不得使用任何工具书、参考书及任何其他种类的辅助工具和文献资料。

I.ClozeDirections:The following is a passage with numbered gaps.Choose from the list below an appropriate word to fill in each gap,making CHANGES in form where necessary.Each word given in the list can be used only ONCE and not all of them will be used.(30%)require sweep have provided if reactdevelop culture feel even poor principalcontain do wide locally abroad prevalentthat distinct advances longer from owncanned however bring commit to psychologicallyin what muchIt has been said that‘we are_____1___we eat’,and from a physiological point of view it is the food we eat that builds our bodies and influences our general health and disposition.One of the saddest features of the modern world is that millions of people round the globe do not have enough to eat and many more do not have the right kinds of food___2____for good health. We are constantly faced with the stark contrast between nations in the developed countries who have more food than they need,and the millions in many____3_____countries who are hungry and often starving.In order to be healthy,man needs a balanced diet____4____protein,fat,carbohydrate（碳水化合物）,vitamins and minerals.The carbohydrate in bread,rice,potatoes and sugary foods provide energy for the body.Too much carbohydrate,however,results____5____obesity（肥胖症）which can endanger health.The fats and oils in milk,cream,butter,cheese and fat meat provide the body's main stored food and contain twice as____6_____energy as carbohydrates.The protein in cheese,eggs,meat,fish and milk promote growth and repair damage to the body's tissues.The body also needs small amounts of vitamins and minerals._____7______a person's diet consists of a variety of foods such as meat,fish,eggs,milk,green vegetables and fruit,the required amounts of vitamins and minerals are taken in.The kinds of foods people become accustomed____8____in the early formative years become an integral part of their psychological make-up.If they move to another country and___9______, they tend to take their eating habits with them and to cling to the style of food to which they accustomed.It is____10________reassuring to eat the foods one is used to;the best way to make a foreign visitor_____11______'at home'is to offer them the kind of food they would eat in their own country.When discussing food and diet,it is always necessary to treat the world's population as two ___12_____sections:those who have food in relative abundance and those who suffer shortages of____13____the most basic foods.The inhabitants of developed countries benefit from their wealth and the___14_____in food technology.Refrigeration,food preservation and rapid transport systems allow people in Britain,for example,to enjoy foods from all parts of the world. Unable to grow sufficient food for their needs,the British import a___15_____variety of foods, from the humble potato to exotic tropical fruits.Food processing has meant that the seasons no ___16_____dictate diet:vegetables such as peas and beans are____17______or frozen and are available the whole year round;soft fruits such as strawberries,which are only produced____18_____for a short season,can be imported from other parts of the world;citrus fruits and bananas,which do not grow at all in temperate Britain,are____19_____in from the Mediterranean and the tropics and are continuously available.The developed countries do,____20______,pay a penalty for having such an abundance of food: obesity and the concomitant diseases such as heart disease are more____21______.It has been said that the French,for example,who consume a particularly rich diet,____22______suicide with a knife and fork.But even in the rich countries,an economic recession can alter eating habits. Although some developed countries have become slightly___23_____,the result has not been damaging and may even prove to be a good thing in____24_____the people in these countries will eat a little less.The effects of economic recession on many developing countries,however, have been disastrous,with famine and death_____25______through vast area of Africa. Although drought is a___26_____cause of this famine,the economic pressure to produce cash crops,such as cotton,for export has reduced the ability of these countries to produce food crops for their___27______people.Already saddled with huge foreign debts,many developing countries cannot buy the food they need from___28_____.Fortunately,the developed countries have___29_____to the famine crisis and are providing food aid from their embarrassingly high food surpluses.Meanwhile,over large parts of the globe,hungry people are wondering not what to eat,but____30____they will eat.序号123456选项序号789101112选项序号131415161718选项序号192021222324选项序号252627282930选项II.Translation from English to Chinese(30%)He was a man of fifty,and some,seeing that he had gone both bald and grey,thought he looked older.But the first physical impression was deceptive.He was tall and thick about the body,with something of a paunch,but he was also small-boned,active,light on his feet.In the same way,hishead was massive,his forehead high and broad between the fringes of fair hair;but no one’s face changed its expression quicker,and his smile was brilliant.Behind the thick lenses,his eyes were small and intensely bright,the eyes of a young and lively man.At a first glance,people might think he looked like a senator,it did not take them long to discover how mercurial he was.His temper was as quick as his smile;in everything he did his nerves seemed on the surface.In fact, people forgot all about the senator and began to complain that sympathy and emotion flowed too easily.Many of them disliked his love of display.Yet they were affected by the depth of his feeling. Nearly everyone recognized that,though it took some insight to perceive that he was not only a man of deep feeling,but also one of passionate pride.III.Translation from Chinese to English(40%)古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶，数百年来一直使人津津乐道的故事，我们都可以轻而易举地在书本中得到，而且也无需很多的花费。

天津外国语学院2009年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位研究生入学考试样题考试科目：基础英语+汉语（考试时间180分钟总分150分）注：本试卷为水平考试，分别考查学生的词汇量、语法结构、阅读理解、翻译以及汉语等方面的水平和能力，为所有报考我校英语专业硕士研究生的必答题。

以下是样题，并不是试题全部。

I. Vocabulary (20points )Directions: Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase or best fills in the blank in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points for 20 questions) The following are ten sample questions.1.Y ou talk about it as if it were a grammar school instead of a leading university.A.very largeB.very seriousC.very prestigiousD.very fundamental2. During the war, the shipping lanes proved vulnerable to attack.A.susceptibleB.futileC.feasibleD.venerable3. Affluent nations have an obligation to help their neighbors.A. largeB. wealthyC. advancedD. industrialized4. Companies will address this situation through methods like on-site counseling and the development of special programs.A.go to the spotB.rememberC.recordD.deal with5. I got out thanks to a college scholarship and because I was a little more articulate than the average.A.able to do addition effectivelyB.able to express one’s thoughts effectivelyC.able to write effectivelyD.able to initiate things effectively6. Her letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was__________.A. unintelligibleB. eligibleC. ambiguousD. illegible7. The children performed a very________ dance.A. distractingB. gracefulC. graciousD. precise8. The room was ________ of furniture.A. absentB. devoidC. inadequateD. scanty9. What he has been saying is completely _____to what we are discussing.A. detachedB. exceptionalC. impertinentD. irrelevant10. The funeral will be _______, and only members of the dead man’s family will attend.A. aloneB. personalC. peculiarD. privateII. Grammatical Structures. (10 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four underlined parts marked A, B ,C and D. Identify the part that is grammatically incorrect.III. Cloze Test (20 points)Directions: There are two short passages in this section. In each passage, ten words or phrases are missing. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase that best suits the context to complete the passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)As a doctor who travels quite a lot, I spent a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I lave been called only once for a woman who had merely fainted. But the __1__ made me quite ___2__ how often this kind of thing happens. I wonder what I would do if confronted with a real midair emergency without access by a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with __3__.The study estimated that there are an average of thirty in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of them are not __4__. __5__ 13% of them are serious enough to require the pilot to change course. The most common emergencies __6__ heart trouble, stroke and difficulty in breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitude are set roughly what they would be if you lived at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can __7__ these pressures, but passengers with heart disease __8__ experience chest pain. Another problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economic class syndrome. ___9_ happens, do not panic. Thanks to more recent legislation, __10___ with just one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions : Read carefully the following passage(s) and then answer the questions. (40 points for 20 questions). The following is a sample passage with five sample questions.Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough‘commonsense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .A. the use of machines to produce science fiction.B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work2. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .A. programs.B. experts.C. devices.D. creatures.3. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can .A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B. interact with human beings verbally.C. have a little common sense.D. respond independently to a changing world.4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .A. make a few decisions for themselves.B. deal with some errors with human intervention.C. improve factory environments.D. cultivate human creativity.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.D. best used in a controlled environment.V. Translation from English to Chinese. (20 points)Directions: Please translate the following two passages into Chinese and write your English versions on the ANSWER SHEET. The following is a sample passage.It is as though some giant’s hand were squeezing the trunks of the trees, forcing the sap up and along the branches, for the blossom seems to squirt into the air.There have been other Mays in other years, but never has there been so much blossom. The bees are bewildered by it. A few small bush-apples which were as austere as walking sticks when I planted them only two months ago are now in full flower, and look like little girls just off to a carnival.Peach, cherry, plum and apple strain into the air; all the trees in the orchard are out together, and for once, no clumsy wind has shorn or rain washed their frail, enameled, fine petals down into the lecherous hands of grass.What flower is there as delicate as this flower that grows out of a gnarled old tree with its trunk all twisted and its bark all blistered? It is a paradox. Beauty is always a paradox.VI. 汉语部分（40分）一、判断题（标出正确答案的题号，每小题1分，共10分）1.先秦文学是综合的形态，其特点是文史哲不分。

上海市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学在上海市考研外国语言文学复习资料中，英美文学与语言学是一个重要的学科板块。

本文将对该板块的内容进行论述，以帮助考生全面了解和掌握相关知识。

一、英美文学概述英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包含了文学作品的创作、发展和演变。

英美文学涵盖广泛，从中世纪的诗歌、戏剧到现代小说、诗歌、剧本等各个文学体裁。

研究英美文学，能够帮助我们了解西方文化和历史，拓宽我们的文化视野。

1. 英美文学发展历程英美文学的发展历程可以划分为几个阶段，包括中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、启蒙运动文学等。

其中，莎士比亚、笛福、狄更斯等作家的作品对于英美文学的发展有着重要的影响。

2. 代表作品与作家英美文学中有许多经典的代表作品和作家，如《哈姆雷特》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《呼啸山庄》等。

考生需要了解这些作品的故事情节，掌握作者的创作背景和思想特点。

3. 文学流派与思潮英美文学中有许多不同的流派和思潮，如浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等。

不同的流派和思潮代表着不同的文学风格和创作思路，考生需要对其有一定的了解。

二、语言学概述语言学是研究语言的科学，包括语音学、语法学、语义学、词汇学等。

语言学的研究可以帮助我们理解语言的本质和演变规律，对于外语学习和翻译工作有着重要的指导作用。

1. 语言学的基本概念语言学包括许多基本概念，如语言和方言的区别、语言的单元和结构、语言的规则等。

考生需要掌握这些基本概念，理解语言学的研究对象和方法。

2. 语言变异和语言变化语言是一个活的系统，在不同的地域和社会中会有语言的变异和变化。

考生需要了解语言变异和变化的原因和规律，理解不同方言和口音的产生和演变过程。

3. 语言习得和语言教学语言习得是指人类学习语言的过程，语言教学是指如何有效地教授和学习语言。

考生需要了解语言习得和语言教学的理论和方法，为今后从事外语教学工作做准备。

三、英美文学与语言学的联系与应用英美文学与语言学有着密切的联系，相互促进、相互影响。

省考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点解读与翻译实操英美文学与语言学的重点解读与翻译实操一、引言英美文学与语言学是外国语言文学专业的重要学科之一。

它涵盖了英语国家的文学作品和语言学理论，对于广大考生备考省考研究生入学考试具有重要意义。

本文将对英美文学与语言学的重点进行解读和翻译实操，旨在帮助考生更好地掌握相关知识，提高考试成绩。

二、英美文学的重点解读1. 文学流派解析英美文学包括多种不同的流派，如古典文学、浪漫主义文学、现代主义文学等。

每个流派都代表了一段特定的时期和文化背景。

考生需要理解每个流派的特点、作品的主题和艺术手法，以便更好地理解和分析文学作品。

2. 代表作品解析英美文学中有一些经典的代表作品，如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、狄更斯的《远大前程》等。

考生需要熟悉这些作品的情节、人物形象和主题，以及它们在文学史上的地位和影响。

通过深入解析这些作品，考生可以更好地理解英美文学的发展和演变。

3. 文学理论解读文学理论是英美文学研究的一个重要方面。

考生需要了解不同的文学理论派别、它们的核心观点和应用范围。

例如，结构主义、后现代主义等理论对英美文学的研究产生了重要影响。

考生可以通过阅读相关的文学理论著作，深入探讨文学作品的内涵和形式。

三、语言学的重点解读1. 语音学与音系学语音学是研究语音和语音系统的学科，而音系学是独立的语音学分支，研究语言的音素、音位和音系结构。

考生需要了解国际音标的使用方法，以及英语中的重音和音变规则等。

此外，还应掌握不同方言和口音的特点，以加深对英语语音的理解。

2. 词汇学与词法学词汇学是研究词汇的形态、构词以及词义等内容，而词法学则关注词汇的语法用法。

考生可以通过学习常见的词汇构词法和词法规则，提高对英语单词的记忆和应用能力。

同时，也要注意英语中不同词汇的语义差异和词汇搭配的规律。

3. 句法学与语义学句法学研究句子的结构和成分，语义学则关注句子的意义和语用。

考生需要掌握英语中的基本句型、成分分析和句子的语义逻辑等知识点。

2009年青岛大学外语学院848英汉互译与汉语写作考研真题Part I.Translate the following terms and passages into Chinese(60points).A1.mythic archetype2.Byronic hero3.narratology4.conflict5.epiphany6.Gothic novel7.point of view8.stream of consciousness9.the three unities10.modernismBThe position of the drama is different.The drama may look towards the pictorial arts,it may allow Aristotle to discipline it,for it is not so deeply committed to the claims of human beings.Human beings have their great chance in the novel.They say to the novelist:“Recreate us if you like,but we must come in,”and the novelist’s problem,as we have seen all along,is to give them a good run and to achieve something else at the same time.Whither shall he turn?Not indeed of helpbut for analogy.Music,though it does not employ human beings,though it is governed by intricate laws,nevertheless does offer in its final expression a type of beauty which fiction might achieve in its own way.Expansion.That is the idea the novelist must cling to.Not completion.Not rounding off but opening out.When the symphony is over we feel that the notes and tunes composing it have been liberated,they have found in the rhythm of the whole their individual freedom. Cannot the novel be like that?CWe sleep,and at length awake to the still reality of a winter morning.The snow lies warm as cotton or down upon the window sill;the broadened sash and frosted panes admit a dim and private light,which enhances the snug cheer within.The stillness of the morning is impressive.The floor creaks under our feet as we move toward the window to look abroad through some clear space over the fields.We see the roofs stand under their snow burden.From the eaves and fences hang stalactites of snow,and in the yard stand stalagmites covering some concealed core. The trees and shrubs rear white arms to the sky on every side;and where were walls and fences,we see fantastic forms stretching in frolic gambols across the dusky landscape,as if nature had strewn her fresh designs over the fields by night as models for man’s art.DRain was falling on the chapel,on the garden,on the college.It would rain forever,noiselessly.The water would rise inch by inch,covering the grass and shrubs,covering the trees and houses,covering the monuments and the mountain tops.All life would be choked off,noiselessly:birds,men,elephants,pigs,children; noiselessly floating corpses amid the litter of the wreckage of the world.Forty days and forty nights the rain would fall till the waters covered the face of the earth.Towards dawn he awoke.O what sweet music!His soul was all dewy wet.Over his limbs in sleep pale cool waves of light had passed.He lay still,as if his soul lay amid cool waters,conscious of faint sweet music.His mind was waking slowly to a tremulous morning knowledge,a morning inspiration.A spirit filled him,pure as the purest water,sweet as dew,moving as music.Part II.Translate the following passage into English(40points).我以为世间最宝贵的就是“今”，最易丧失的也是“今”。

目　录2010年湖南师范大学外国语学院880英美文学和中文作文考研真题（回忆版）2009年湖南师范大学外国语学院880英美文学和中文作文考研真题2010年湖南师范大学外国语学院880英美文学和中文作文考研真题（回忆版）wm年翻南师密大学$种莫英艾季和中丈作文砌试原（回吹）待歌赏析格Chris-tina Hossciii的The Fir^l Pay戒剧廿选髭Tenasscc WiEliatn^的A Sireel Car Named Desire评论BlancheSummary也Suki的The Open Window,Jn|fl| i£f f_£个何期中攵什文是引用厂梁实秋的段才的作家.没有犬才的批评京.皖批神报雄止你以T比评•这个「•嘶写作变.2009年湖南师范大学外国语学院880英美文学和中文作文考研真题2009年全国硕瓦茹为莓£自命题科目试题册业务课代码：™业务课名祢：英美文学和中文作文考身购：J 笋必婀在答趣纸上。

财麻纸上不伽财改液:题"'领使典' 黑色嬲水或遍一酣备H ｝其他宅朝不结机I F 而篇|：二：看%；：：3严帽询血电血尊％岫瞄& ■丽 r K Old E 壁liuhrciirs Io:投曲E 喀哄一7曲一腿网w —戒r 凡，尸倒"如尸如，初知 0 n 一一・第，页，共〃近/厂](k The term'lhe Yahoos"alludes to lhe novel,,A,Robinson Crusoe B.Mo"FktwigC.The Bartie时the BoohD.Gidlhw i Tra^H.J1L Representing the highest achicveirient in English pociry,the period has been •f1considered the second gre@l period in IZuglish literatUTC,second only to the Elizabelhanperiod.A.RojnamicB.NcoclassicC.Realisdc D,Smimental，「12_____is considered the falher of the hisEoris-al novel.urence SterneB.Walter Scat!C Daniel Ocfoe D.Henry『Fielding/：I3.____$cen as the English precursor of the psychological novel..A.Emily BronteB.George EliotC.Charlotte BronteD.Anne Brome*j】4is a series of novels about the frontier life of American sclIlers during,the Ji Westward movement.A.m Sketch BookB.7r h e Wessex SagaC.Life on the MississippiD.The Lenthe s tocking Tiilex厂15,The idea that"the Universe is composed of Naiurc and I hc SouF1is pul fbmard by^-^the author.A.0.Franklin B,Walt Whitman C,R.W.Emerson□.H.Thoreau[6,fi*Evcrjone possesses some evi I secrcf'is ihc subject mailer of_-•3A*u Young GQtHJman Brown1*&'"Rip van Winkle1C.WaldenD.Moby Dick17.Of the three great writers,is considered tlie champion of liicrars realism in ■^America,A.W.D r HowellsB.H.James C,Mark Twain D,$・L.Clemens/】SL____was considered America^unofficial Poet Laureate in the1940s,'A,C.Sandburg B.R.Frost C.E.E.Cummings D,W Stevens 619,As Thomas Hardy set his works against Wessex,____set his novels against the Yoknapata^vplia County,a fictional place in lhe Deep South of America.A.H+MelvitkB. E.HemingwayC.W.Faulkner l> F.S,八Fitzgerald/J20.____is the literary spokesman of the Jazz.Age.‘' A.F.S.Fitzgerald B.E.I lemingway C；Hart Crane LX G Steini l.Teli the names oFthe authors of the following literary^works.(10points)],Mrs.W tarreni-Profession 2.The Jungle回心3.The Forsyte Saga4,The Passage to India第之页.共/顶5.Flnwgum7.The American Scholar 9；The(Hass Menagerie 6.Lord Jim8.The R.d Budge of C ourage ID.The Airy Apeplete,with a proper word or phrase,each of(he following statements concerning English or American literature.<10points)1.In16U,King.fames Bible,or,came out to have a great infhienw On the English literary language and liieraiure.2."And enterprise of gre.u pith and moment,X With this regard,their currents I urn awry\ And lose the name of action：'These lines,I he hsi3lines of a solibquy,show thespeaker's,3._. a pioneer of the18th cenlury English novth is the founder of lhe epistolary novel.4.According to W.Woi'dsworth,poctrv'comes from F not from-----”5.哄your chimney I sweep,&in spot I sleep."This is a line from the collection of poems entitled M-6.“It is a[ruth universally acknowledged that a single man,吊possession of a&ood tontiEie,niust be in watii of a wife."The figure of speech叔usei!htre at the ver? beginning af a well-known novel,7.«]t is my spirit that addressed your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood al God's feet,equal-—as we are!”The speaker is-------■g r“Ail mean c^olism vanish如1become a______-1am nothing,t see all.The currents of the Universal Reing circulate through me;I am pan or particle of God"9.b'|cclcbraie myself,and sing myself And What1assume you shall assumeA For every atom belonging tome as good beiongi to you"This is lite first stanza ofW.Whitmaft'spoem.10.T.S.F.liofs famotis dMirine on poets and poetry is known as the-----theory.TV,Read the folU>wiiig£XMrpl「Em The Merchant of Venice by William Sliak4?spcare and write a short but coherent essay on Shyloek.(25points)SHYLOCK:He hath disgraced me,and hindered me half a miliion,laughed at my losses, moc ked at my gains,scorned my nation,thwarted my bargains,cooled my friends,heated inine enemies;and whai's his reason?I am a Jew；Hath not a Jew eyes?Hath not a Jew第3页.英〃更h.i讪，呻低dimtnsrons,心皿lions,pasions?Fed with theTi扁福「福而出(he same w.咿呜subject io the same rntanj,warmed and妙血d by M sama wiEcr丽summm as u Chri而a n ii-if>ou prick既血总响bkwf?IE“而赤“、,也洌n。

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与汉语言文字学重点知识点解析一、引言外国语言文学专业是考研的一门重要学科，其中英美文学与汉语言文字学是该专业的重点内容。

本文将对英美文学与汉语言文字学的重点知识点进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考和复习。

二、英美文学重点知识点解析1. 英美文学的起源与发展：从中世纪到现代，英美文学经历了各个时期的演变与变革，代表作品众多，包括莎士比亚的戏剧作品、狄更斯的小说作品、济慈的诗歌作品等等。

考生需了解每个时期的代表作品、主题与文学风格。

2. 英美文学的重要作家与作品：考生需熟悉英美文学中的重要作家与他们的代表作品，比如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、济慈的《超越诗学》等。

掌握他们的创作背景、思想内涵与艺术特点。

3. 文学流派与重要文学理论：掌握英美文学的不同流派，比如浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等，了解这些流派的兴起与发展，并熟悉相关的文学理论，如新批评、结构主义、后现代主义等。

4. 英美文学与社会背景的关系：英美文学的创作与社会背景密不可分，考生需要了解不同时期的社会背景对文学作品的影响，比如维多利亚时期的社会变革与狄更斯作品的关系等。

三、汉语言文字学重点知识点解析1. 汉字的起源与发展：汉字是中华民族的独特财富，它有着悠久的历史与丰富的内涵。

考生需要了解汉字的起源与发展过程，包括甲骨文、金文、篆书、隶书等不同的字体演变。

2. 汉字的结构与构造：汉字是由笔画、偏旁部首、字形组成的，考生需了解这些要素的含义与作用，比如“一”、“木”、“水”等常用的部首，以及笔画的顺序与构造规则。

3. 汉字的意义与表音：汉字不仅有形体上的表示，还有意义和发音的信息。

考生需要了解一些常用汉字的意义，以及注音与发音的规则，例如“人”字的意义是人类，“rén”是它的注音与读音。

4. 汉字的演变与变体：汉字在使用过程中会发生演变与变体，考生需要了解这些变化与变体的原因与特点，例如繁体字与简化字之间的关系，不同地区的汉字异体字等。

目　录2009年湖南师范大学外国语学院881英语语言学和中文作文考研真题2008年湖南师范大学外国语学院881英语语言学和中文作文考研真题2009年湖南师范大学外国语学院881英语语言学和中文作文考研真题2009年全国硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试题册务课代码：B31里丝建：英语语言学和户文住文_________反须知：I、答酝必籍在笞题纸上|吨其它纸上无效.'—答题时必须使用蔬、黑色墨水笔诙圆珠笔作答，用其他纸答鼬不给分.不揖使用深改液,【•Do lhe following as you are requrr(>d.(l20%)Direcrionsr There are8questions below.Each c^ididate mustfinish all of the in.I-Comment on the fblloxving statement and give reasons to back upyour argument.(15%)There is undoubtedly no single cause of language change Certainly itis difficult to see how one could exclude a variety of factors from anyaccount2According to Austin,what are the three acts a person is possiblyperforming while making an utterance'，Give an example(15%)3DifTerentiate homonyms,hyponyms and polysemic words.(15%)4.In what way does Mandarine interfere with your English studies?Give examples to illustrate your point(15%)5Please give examples to explain the differences between derivationand in fleet ion(15%)6What is the relationship between language and culture?How willyou make comparison between English and Chinese cultures^(15%)7【Must商e the similarities and diflferenees between stops,titcalivcs,affricalivts and liquids with examples(1谢第I页.共真史8What are the important properties coordination exhibits?And draw t「ce structures for the following sentences：(15%)1)A quaint new house was built on the greeu hill2)j oe couldn't believe the fact that Bill failed the English test3)The man whom he often laughed at was good at writing novelsII,Do the following as you are require或(如％)中文作文“嬲月：试论外语语言文学研究以专术创新要求观点明确，论述充分，联系实际"第N页，共4页2008年湖南师范大学外国语学院881英语语言学和中文作文考研真题2008年全国硕上研究生入学考试业务课试题册业务i果代码：9412.What is Co-operative Principle?Explain your answer.(10points)业髭谏名称，垂福雷言学和中艾作女考生醐j"」I咎案必领写在答题心.与在真它舐上无姣.---------------.---L答翱时心颈便用监、黑色叩水笔或圜球筮花城，用其他磐答麝不绐分，不得使用涂诙液.Answer the following questions:】.How is a phone different from a phoneme?Illustrate your ideas.(10points)call sense;the other relates to锵i页，：H 颈n&n-lmguisttc entities,which we call reference.(20points)许文：英追论项学学科中寥有通克、文学、翻洋艾个高向，故谓按手瞳撬与一篇帝抑的F字艾S-F字以内）.筒耍论述口己的皆法，额特别注意,其哩於性.〈舞分）筒论语音、文学与翻译羚卫页，独却:。

北京市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与翻译研究重点整理英美文学与翻译研究是考研外语专业中的一门重要课程，本文将为大家整理一些重要的考点和复习资料，以帮助各位考生更好地备考。

一、英美文学的历史发展1. 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括从中世纪到16世纪的文学作品，其中包括莎士比亚的戏剧、乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

复习时要了解各位作家的代表作品和创作特点。

2. 文艺复兴时期的英美文学文艺复兴时期的英美文学是指16世纪末到17世纪的文学作品，其中包括著名的诗人约翰·米尔顿、威廉·莎士比亚等。

复习时要了解文艺复兴对英美文学的影响以及代表作品。

3. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是指18世纪末到19世纪初的文学作品，其中包括威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·柯勒律治等。

复习时要了解浪漫主义文学的特点、主题以及代表作品。

4. 维多利亚时代文学维多利亚时代是19世纪中叶到20世纪初期英国的文学时期，其中包括查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特等作家的作品。

复习时要了解维多利亚时代文学的主题、风格以及代表作品。

二、英美文学与翻译研究的重要理论1. 文化翻译理论文化翻译理论主要研究翻译过程中的文化因素，包括语言、习俗、历史等方面的翻译策略和方法。

2. 动态对等理论动态对等理论主要研究翻译过程中的等值转换，强调译者在不同语境中的适应性和灵活性，力求做到原意保持不变的同时，能够使译文在目标语言文化中产生同等的效果。

3. 接受增效翻译理论接受增效翻译理论是指在翻译过程中，译者应根据受众的接受程度和阅读体验来进行翻译，以使译文更符合读者的习惯和口味。

4. 文学翻译中的变体理论文学翻译中的变体理论主要研究翻译过程中的变体现象，包括语法结构、词汇选择、修辞手法等的翻译策略和方法。

三、英美文学与翻译研究的应用领域1. 文学翻译实践英美文学与翻译研究对于文学翻译实践有着重要的指导作用，通过学习和理解英美文学作品的创作特点和风格，能够更好地进行文学翻译工作。

美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~（共5篇）第一篇：美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~殖民主义时期John Smith美国第一位作家Anne Bradstreet第一位移民诗人Edward Taylor清教徒诗人文艺复兴时期Benjamin Franklin 参与了起草独立宣言成名作《Poor Richard’s Almanack》《Autobiography》Thomas Paine拥护独立宣言成名作《Great Commoner of Mankind》最平凡的人常识理性时代美国危机Thomas Jefferson起草了独立宣言Philip Freneau美国诗歌之父文艺复兴的诗人《the Wild Honey》野金银花浪漫主义时期Irving第一位纯文学作家（belletrist）第一部短篇小说第一位浪漫主义散文体作家（prose stylist）享有国际声誉< a History of New York>第一部诙谐作品Copper开创了海上传奇小说(sea adventure)和边疆传奇(frontier sage)小说Spy>Bryant第一个获得美国主要诗人的称号最完美的短诗Poe现代短故事之父侦探小说之父第一部短篇小说集Emerson超经验主义运动知识分子独立宣言Thoreau成名作Hawthorne象征主义作家Chillingworth, John Wilson)>MelvilleLongfellow19世纪最受爱戴的诗人< a Psalm of Life>第一部印第安人史诗歌唯一被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人现实主义时期Whitman创建了自由体诗歌free verse美国历史上一部史诗Dickson该时期最伟大的女诗人< I Died for Beauty> Stowe该时期唯一的女散文作家< Uncle Tom’s Cabin> Mark Twain现实主义文学代表作Huckleberry Finn>对美国早期幽默文学的总结O.HenryHenry James心理现实主义的开创者Jack London< the People of the Abyss>自传体小说Theodore Dreiser 最成功的小说金钱万能二十世纪文学Pound意象派的创始人< in a Station of Metro>Frost自然派诗人民族诗人Stevens秩序理念Eliot现代主义创始人标志现代主义文学诞生FitzgeraldHemingway推动报告文学的发展强调moment of truthSteinbeck美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家Faulkner心灵与自己冲突是永恒的主题stream of consciousness成名作第二篇：英语语言文学专业排行榜（英语语言文学）全国160所高校排名！1上海外国语大学A+2北京外国语大学A+3北京大学A+4南京大学A+5厦门大学A+6复旦大学A+7南京师范大学A+8山东大学A9大连外国语学院A华东师范大学A四川外语学院A西南大学A 湖南师范大学A北京师范大学A华中科技大学A16河南大学A四川大学A华中师范大学A福建师范大学A苏州大学A广东外语外贸大学A中山大学A浙江大学A清华大学A南开大学A天津外国语学院A中南大学 A西安外国语大学A东北师范大学A 上海大学A北京语言大学AB+等(47个)：上海交通大学、湖南大学、辽宁大学、中国人民大学、中国海洋大学、山东师范大学、四川师范大学、陕西师范大学、北京第二外国语学院、吉林大学、江西师范大学、安徽大学、广西师范大学、河北师范大学、宁波大学、安徽师范大学、东南大学、湘潭大学、黑龙江大学、深圳大学、河北大学、辽宁师范大学、山西大学、宁夏大学、南昌大学、上海师范大学、暨南大学、西北大学、首都师范大学、广西大学、西北师范大学、浙江师范大学、电子科技大学、华南师范大学、新疆大学、南京农业大学、重庆师范大学、中国石油大学、广西师范学院、武汉大学、上海海事大学、郑州大学、武汉理工大学、哈尔滨工程大学、大连海事大学、中国地质大学、上海对外贸易学院B等(47个)：天津理工大学、内蒙古大学、东北农业大学、河海大学、北京航空航天大学、长沙理工大学、广东商学院、聊城大学、合肥工业大学、江南大学、华南理工大学、上海财经大学、燕山大学、广州大学、云南师范大学、中国矿业大学、汕头大学、兰州大学、云南大学、中北大学、哈尔滨师范大学、北京理工大学、河南师范大学、西南科技大学、湖南科技大学、扬州大学、福州大学、华东理工大学、上海理工大学、南京航空航天大学、徐州师范大学、浙江财经大学、华侨大学、曲阜师范大学、华北电力大学、杭州电子科技大学、齐齐哈尔大学、哈尔滨理工大学、天津财经大学、山东科技大学、重庆大学、国际关系学院、北京交通大学、东北大学、贵州师范大学、中国政法大学、南通大学C等(32个)：名单略据《全国高校专业报考指南》显示，目前全国英语专业实力排名前20的院校分别为：北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、北京大学、南京大学、复旦大学、厦门大学、南开大学、对外经贸大学、广东外语外贸大学、华东师范大学、中山大学、上海交通大学、湖南师范大学、山东大学、洛阳外国语学院、清华大学、北京师范大学、武汉大学、南京师范大学、河南大学。