特别重要The DIAPR A High Pressure High Temperature Solar Receiver

Supreme 至高无上Oh it seemed forever stopped today 哦，今天似乎一切都永远的停止了All the lonely hearts in London 伦敦里所有孤独的心Caught a plane and flew away 搭上飞机，飞走了And all the best women are married 所有好女人都结婚了All the handsome men are gay 所有潇洒的男士都是同性恋You feel deprived 你感觉很匮乏Yeah are you questioning your size 你质疑自己的尺寸吗Is there a tumour in your humour 你的体内有肿块吗Are there bags under your eyes 你的眼睛有眼袋吗Do you leave dents where you sit 你会在坐过的地方留下凹痕吗Are you getting on a bit 你又长胖一点了吗Will you survive 你想幸存吗You must survive 你必须活下来When there's no love in town 当这个城镇没有爱时你沮丧All the places you have been 所有你去过的地方Trying to find a love supreme 拼命找寻至高无上的爱A love supreme 至高无上的爱Oh what are you really looking for 哦，你真正寻找的是Another partner in your life to abuse and to adore 你生命中用来辱骂与喜爱的另一半Is it lovey dovey stuff 它是爱人的填充物吗Do you need a bit of rough 你需要粗鲁一点吗Get on your knees 跪下Yeah turn down the love songs that you hear 将你听的那首情歌声音关小Cause you can't avoid the sentiment 因为你无法避免伤感That echoes in your ear 你耳里的回音Saying love will stop the pain 不停地说，爱会让痛楚停止Saying love will kill the fear 爱会击败恐惧Do you believe 你相信吗You must believe 你必须相信When there's no love in town 当这个城镇没有爱时你沮丧All the places you have been 所有你去过的地方Trying to find a love supreme 拼命找寻至高无上的爱A love supreme 至高无上的爱I spy with my little eye 我用自己的小眼睛侦察Something beginning with 有些事情开始了Got my back up 得到了我的支持And now she's screaming 如今，她在尖叫着So I've got to turn the track up 因此我必须找到踪迹Sit back and watch the royalties stack up 休息一下，看着版税堆加I know this girl she likes to switch teams 我知道这个女孩她喜欢变卦And I'm a fiend but I'm living for a love supreme 我是个魔鬼，但我却期盼至高无上的爱Come and live a love supreme 来吧，经历至高无上的爱吧Don't let it get you down 别让它令你沮丧Everybody lives for love 每个人都期盼爱OH 前方的乌云快散开不要阻挡拨云见日让我放眼看大海三万英尺够不都HIGH 我不要等到将来太遥远夜是为了星星而存在它要发光就能发光不懂月亮的阴霾给翅膀开足了力量一股旋气流上升就在现在就在现在让我飞飞向海飞上云霭穿越山脉让我飞飞向光飞向所爱带着热爱带着热爱OH 前方的道路已铺开美丽鲜花带着刺你还要不要来摘有了爱就有伤害你还要不要来爱解不开夜是为了做梦而存在鬼马星空异想天开在恍惚之间醒来给翅膀开足了力量一股旋气流向上Do you believe You must believeWhen there is no love in townThis new centurykeeps bringing you downAll the places you have beenTrying to find a love supremeA love supreme让我飞飞向海飞向云霭穿越山脉让我飞飞向光飞向所爱带着热爱带着热爱。

高三英语医学用语单选题30题答案解析版1.The patient has a high fever and a severe headache. What might be the possible cause?A.ColdB.FluC.AllergyD.Stress答案：B。

选项A“Cold”通常指普通感冒，症状可能有流鼻涕、轻微咳嗽等，但一般不会有高热和严重头痛。

选项B“Flu”即流感，常有高热、头痛、肌肉酸痛等症状，符合题目描述。

选项C“Allergy”过敏通常表现为皮疹、瘙痒、打喷嚏等，一般不会有高热和严重头痛。

选项D“Stress”压力可能导致焦虑、失眠等，但不会直接引起高热和严重头痛。

2.The doctor diagnosed the patient with a chronic disease. What does “chronic” mean?A.SeriousB.Long-termC.InfectiousD.Acute答案：B。

选项A“Serious”表示严重的。

选项B“Long-term”长期的，“chronic”就是指慢性的、长期的。

选项C“Infectious”有传染性的。

选项D“Acute”急性的。

3.The patient is suffering from a heart condition. Which of the following symptoms might they experience?A.DizzinessB.CoughC.FeverD.Nausea答案：A。

选项A“Dizziness”头晕，心脏有问题可能导致供血不足引起头晕。

选项B“Cough”咳嗽一般不是心脏问题的主要症状。

选项C“Fever”发热通常与感染等有关，不是心脏问题常见症状。

选项D“Nausea”恶心也不是心脏问题的典型症状。

4.The doctor prescribed some medicine for the patient. What does “prescribe” mean?A.BuyB.TakeC.RecommendD.Order答案：D。

PRODUCT NAME:Eschaton TR DESCRIPTION:Aerosol insecticide EPA REG. NO.:91234-67COMPANY IDENTIFICATION:Atticus, LLC5000 CentreGreen Way, Suite 100 Cary, NC 27513HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONHealth Hazards Category Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure 3 Physical Hazards Category Aerosols 1 Environmental Hazards Category Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic 1 HAZARDS NOT REQUIRING CLASSIFICATIONNone.PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTSKeep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. (P210)Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. (P211)Do not pierce or burn, even after use. (P251)Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C / 122°F. (P410+P412)Avoid breathing fumes and spray. Use only as instructed in the product label. (P261+P271)IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breath-ing. Call a POISON CENTER / doctor if you feel unwell. (P304+P340+P312) Avoid release to the environment. (P273)Collect spillage. (P391)Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Store locked up. (P403+P233+P405)Dispose of contents / container in accordance with local regulations. Re-fer to the product label for specific disposal instructions. (P501)Common Name Chemical Name CAS # Composition Etoxazole2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole153233-91-1 5.0%Acetone Propan-2-one67-64-150% Liquefied Petroleum Gasses-Blend45%Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment. For chemical emergency: spill, leak, fire, exposure or accident, call CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300.IF IN EYES: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 min-utes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rins-ing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.IF INHALED: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth, if possible. Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice if you feel unwell.Flame Extension: > 23 in.Fire and Explosion Hazards: Aerosol container contains flammable gas under pressure, risk of explosion when exposed to excessive tem-peratures. Thermal decomposition may generate irritating and possibly toxic gases.Extinguishing Medium: Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2). Fire Fighting Equipment: Firefighters should be equipped with self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full bunker gear. Fire Fighting Instructions: Evacuate area of all unnecessary personnel and fight fire from a safe distance upwind. Contain contaminated water / firefighting water; do not allow to enter drains or waterways. Use foam or dry chemical fire extinguishing systems to prevent environmental damage from excessive water runoff.Hazardous Combustion Products: Oxides of carbon and nitrogen, hydrogen chloride and fluoride, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrogen bromide, halogenated compounds and hydrocarbons.NFPA Ratings: Health – 1 / Flammability – 4 / Reactivity - 0DANGERExtremely flammable aerosol (H222)Pressurized container: may burst if heated (H229) May cause drowsiness or dizziness (H336)Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects (H410)Personal Precautions: Isolate area and keep unnecessary and unpro-tected personnel from entering. Extinguish nearby and downwind sources of ignition. Ensure adequate ventilation. Wear suitable personal protec-tive clothing and equipment as described in Section 8 of this document. Environmental Precautions: Prevent material from entering public sewer systems or any waterways. Do not flush to drain or soil. Contain contaminated water.Spill Cleanup: Stop the source of the release and clean up spill imme-diately. Contain and isolate to prevent further release into soil and water. Absorb spill with absorbent material (such as clay, sand, or dirt) and place in suitable container for disposal. Wash spill area with water and pick up wash liquid with additional absorbent and place in container for disposal.7Handling: Do not get in eyes or on clothing. Wash hands before eat-ing, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove personal protective equipment (PPE) im-mediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from heat or open flame.Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash station and a safety shower.Protective Clothing: Applicators, and other handlers must wear: long-sleeved shirt and long pants, socks and shoes.General: Follow manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.Appearance: Aerosol – colorlessOdor: Acetone-likeOdor Threshold: Not determinedFlame Extension: > 23 in.Vapor Pressure: Approx. 246 hPa @ 20°CpH: 5.7 (1% aq.)Viscosity: *********************°CDensity: 0.814 g/mLSolubility: Not determinedCONDITIONS TO AVOID: Flame, heat, ignition sources, extreme temperatures. CHEMICAL STABILITY: Stable under normal use and storage conditions. INCOMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER MATERIALS: None known. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Thermal decomposition may create oxides of carbon and nitrogen, hydrogen chloride and fluoride, halogenat-ed hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons. If heated above decomposition tempera-ture, toxic vapors may be released.HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not rmation presented below is from testing done on an identical or substantially similar product:ORAL TOXICITY (rat LD50): > 5,000 mg/kgDERMAL TOXICITY (rat LD50): > 5,000 mg/kgINHALATION TOXICITY (rat LC50): > 2.07 mg/L (4-hour)EYE IRRITATION: Slightly irritatingSKIN IRRITATION: Slightly irritatingSKIN SENSITIZATION: Not a contact sensitizer CARCINOGENICITY:NTP:Not listedIARC:Not listedEPA:Not listedMUTAGENIC TOXICITY: No evidence of mutagenic effects for the ac-tive ingredient or other components.REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: Tests on the active ingredient give no indication of effects on fertility. Animal studies show that acetone may cause damage to the testes after repeated high exposures that cause other toxic effects.TERATOGENICITY: No evidence of teratogenic effects for the active ingredient or other components.OTHER TOXICITY: Based on the properties of the individual compo-nents, this product may cause possible narcotic effects (dizziness and/ or drowsiness).The active ingredient in this formulation is very highly toxic to freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates and estuarine/marine fish. The active ingredient is highly toxic to freshwater fish.The following information is for the active ingredient, etoxazole: Rainbow Trout: (LC50) > 0.37 mg/L, (NOAEC) 0.015 mg/LDaphnia Magna: (EC50) 0.0073 mg/L, (NOAEC) 0.00013 mg/L Sheepshead Minnow (LC50): > 0.16 mg/LMysid Shrimp (LC50): 0.00442 mg/LOyster (LC50): 0.0011 mg/LMallard Duck (LD50): > 2000 mg/kgBobwhite Quail: (LC50) > 5060 mg/kg, (NOAEC) 286 ppmBee (contact/oral LD50): > 200 μg/beePESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. If these wastes cannot be disposed of according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representatives at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. CONTAIN ER DISPOSAL: DO NOT puncture or incinerate. If empty: Place in trash or offer for recycling if available. If partly filled: Contact your local solid waste agency for disposal instructions.UN Number: UN1950Proper Shipping Name: A erosols (contains hydrocarbon propellant,etoxazole)Transport Hazard Class: 2.1Packing Group: -Hazard Zone:AMarine Pollutant:Yes1Hazardous Substance RQ:NoneLabels / Placards: U S-DOT: Aerosols, flammable2IMDG, IATA: Aerosols, flammable Emergency Guide:126 (NAERG – North American EmergencyResponse Guide)1 Marine Pollutant Note:G round-only shipments are excluded fromMarine Pollutant labeling requirements asper 49CFR§172.101 Appendix B(4). Forany shipments involving all or part of thetransport by vessel, the shipment must beclassified as a Marine Pollutant.2 US-DOT Note:P roduct is considered limited quantity and isnot regulated for ground transportation whenshipped in aerosol cans (49CFR§173.306). This information is not intended to convey all specific regulatory or operation-al requirements/information relating to this product. Transportation classifi-cations may vary by container volume and may be influenced by regional or country variations in regulations. Additional transportation system information can be obtained through an authorized sales or customer service representa-tive. It is the responsibility of the transporting organization to follow all appli-cable laws, regulations and rules relating to the transportation of the material.FIFRA –This chemical is a pesticide product registered by the Environmental Protection Agency and is subject to certain labeling requirements under federal pesticide law. These requirements differ from the classification criteria and hazard information required for safety data sheets, and for workplace labels of non-pesticide chemicals. The following is the hazard information as required on the pesticide label:PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTSHAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALSCAUTION. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with eyes or clothing.See inside label booklet for additional precautionary statements.PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL HAZARDSFlammable. Contents under pressure. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. DO NOT puncture or incinerate container. Exposure to temperatures above 130°F may cause bursting. This product con-tains a highly flammable ingredient. It may cause a fire or explosion if not used properly. Follow the Directions for Use on this label very carefully.All pesticides are governed under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The regulatory information presented below is pertinent only when this product is handled outside of the normal use and application as a pesticide. This product is excluded from listing require-ments under EPA/TSCA.SARA Title III – Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances Not listedSARA Title III – Section 311/312 Hazard CategoriesImmediateSARA Title III – Section 312 Threshold Planning QuantityThe threshold planning quantity (TPQ) for this product treated as a mix-ture is 10,000 lbs. This product contains no ingredients with a TPQ of less than 10,000 lbs.SARA Title III – Section 313 Reportable IngredientsNoneCERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ) –Acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1): 5,000 LBSCALIFORNIA PROP 65 STATUS –This product does not contain any chemical known to the State of Califor-nia to cause cancer or other reproductive harm.CANADA –This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the SDS contains all of the information required by CPR.This Safety Data Sheet (SDS) serves different purposes than and DOES NOT REPLACE OR MODIFY TH E EPA APPROVED PRODUCT LA-BELING (attached to and accompanying the product container). This SDS provides important health, safety, and environmental information for employers, employees, emergency responders and others handling large quantities of the product in activities generally other than product use, while the labeling provides that information specifically for product use in the ordinary course.To the extent consistent with applicable law, neither Atticus, LLC nor Sell-er be liable for any incidental, consequential or special damages resulting from the use or handling of this product. TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ATTICUS, LLC AND SELLER FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAM-AGES (INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON BREACH OF WARRANTY, CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTH ER-WISE) RESUL TING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PROD-UCT, SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT OR, AT TH E ELECTION OF ATTICUS, LLC OR SELLER, THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT.SDS Version: 1.0 Effective Date: 05/01/2018。

建筑常用词汇汇总建筑类常用英语词汇汇总建筑风格:1美索不达米亚建筑Meopotamianarchitecture2古埃及建筑Egyptianarchitecture3古希腊建筑Greek4古罗马建筑Romanarchitecture5拜占庭建筑Byzantinearchitecture6罗曼式建筑Romanequearchitecture7哥特式建筑Gothicarchitecture8古典建筑claicalarchitecture9文艺复兴建筑Renaiancearchitecture10巴洛克建筑Baroquearchitecture11洛可可建筑Rococoarchitecture12伊斯兰建筑Ilamicarchitecture建筑类型及组成:1单层建筑ingle-torybuilding2多层建筑multitorybuilding3高层建筑highriebuilding,tallbuilding4超高层建筑uperhighriebuilding,upertallbuilding5摩天楼kycraper6活动房屋mobilehoue7建筑队群buildinggroup8裙房podium9楼层floor10夹层mezzanine11底层groundfloor12地下室baement13半地下室ub-baement世界各国著名建筑物：巴黎圣母院Notre-DameCathedral美国白宫WhiteHoue新加坡鱼尾狮theMerlion白金汉宫BuckinghamPalace克里姆林宫MocowKremlin卢浮宫LouvreMueum大本钟CapitolandBigBen伦敦塔桥TowerofLondonbridge莫斯科红场RedSquare美国自由女神像TheStatueofLiberty法国埃菲尔铁塔EiffelTower 英国的大本钟BigBen悉尼歌剧院SydneyOperaHoue意大利的比萨斜塔LeaningTowerofPia 帝国大厦EmpireStateBuilding埃及金字塔ThePyramid:印度泰姬陵TajMahal柬埔寨吴哥窟Angkor 巴黎凯旋门arcdetriomphe日本富士山MountFuji希腊帕特农神庙ParthenonTemple马来西亚双塔PetronaTwinTower 比利时撒尿男童SearchBoy丹麦美人鱼LittleMermaid中国著名建筑物：故宫theForbiddenCity巴达拉宫MubadalaPalace四合院quadrangle颐和园theSummerPalace秦始皇陵兵马俑EmperorQin'TerracottaWarrior古代常用建筑：宫palace殿hall亭pavilion台platformtower楼buildingtower 阁towerattic刹temple坛thetempleoftheheaven龛hrine庙taoittemple寺temple庵hunney观taoittemple廊carible河moat斋tudy庄tore/hop/villige馆manion/guthoue/mueum坞helter轩veranda/pavilion水榭paviliononthewater角楼wachtower鼓楼drumtower钟楼clocktower古代钟楼belltower牌楼memonialarch屏风creen壁画mural塔(舍利塔式的)dagoba塔(宝塔式的)pagoda寺院monatery四种不同的教堂：1．church教堂2．chapel小教堂3．cathedral大教堂4．bailica皇宫，教堂形容建筑物富丽堂皇的形容词：palatial,umptuou,lu某uriou,lavih,delu某e,e某travagant,plendor,frippery形容建筑物简单朴素的形容词：bleak,dingy,gloomy,plain其他：monument纪念碑ten-toreyofficeblock十层办公大楼column柱colonnade柱列arch 拱townplanning市政（美作：cityplanning）buildingpermiion营建许可证，建筑开工许可证greenbelt绿地elevation建筑物的三面图plan设计图cale比例尺toprefabricate 预制e某cavation挖土，掘土foundation基tolaythefoundation打地基coureofbrick砌好的砖列caffold脚手架caffolding脚手架建筑学architecture建筑物building[人因]工效学humanfactorengineering人类群居学ekitic环境心理学environmentalpychology人类生态学humanecology建筑功能buildingfunction建筑类型学buildingtypology空间构图paceconfiguration领域性territoriality建筑经济学buildingeconomic价值工程学valueengineering费用效益coteffectivene建筑美学architecturalaethetic艺术格调artitictouch建筑几何学architecturalgeometry建筑形态学architecturalmorphology建筑形式architecturalform建筑风格architecturaltyle建筑环境architecturalenvironment环境艺术environmentalart建筑文化architecturalculture建筑文脉architecturalconte某t建筑符号学architecturalemiotic模式语言patternlanguage建筑设计方法学architecturaldeignmethodology无障碍设计barrierfreedeign古建筑保护hitoricalbuildingprevervation风水学fenghui建筑科学buildingcience建筑气候学buildingclimatology建筑物理[学]buildingphyic建筑光学buildingoptic建筑热学buildingthermodymamic,buildingthermology建筑声学buildingacoutic太阳能建筑olarbuilding建筑工程buildingengineering建筑标准化buildingtandardization建筑模数buildingmodule模数协调modularcoordination建筑工业化buildingindutrialization工业化建筑体系indutrializedbuildingytem支撑体系upportytem 填充体系infillytem建筑安全buildingafety建筑防灾buildingdiaterprevention建筑节能buildingenergyconervation减灾学naturaldiaterprevention建筑防火buildingfireprotection建筑抗震buildingaeimicity建筑病理buildingpathology健康建筑healthybuilding建筑综合症yntheticbuildingyndrome,SBS建筑保安buildingecurity防卫性空间defeniblepace建筑性能buildingperformance建筑评价buildingevaluation社会影响评价ocialimpactaement,SIA环境影响评价environmentalimpactaement,EIA建筑测量buildingurveying建筑勘探buildinggeotechnic工程施工engineeringcontruction建筑材料buildingmaterial建筑制品buildingproduct建筑构造architecturalcontruction建筑设备系统buildingerviceytem建筑设备buildingequipment建筑设备安装buildingequipmentintallation建筑设施buildingfacilitie建筑设施管理buildingfacilitiemanagement建筑装修builidngfinihing室内装饰interiordecoration建筑壁画mural浅浮雕ba-relief。

Mountain climbing is an exhilarating activity that not only offers a great physical workout but also provides a unique opportunity to connect with nature and experience breathtaking views.Heres an essay on mountain climbing that you can use as a guide to write your own.Title:The Thrills and Challenges of Mountain ClimbingMountain climbing is a sport that has been practiced for centuries,with people from all walks of life seeking the thrill of conquering the highest peaks.It is not just about reaching the summit it is a journey of selfdiscovery,a test of physical endurance,and a celebration of the beauty of our natural world.IntroductionThe call of the mountains is irresistible to many.The allure of standing atop a peak, looking out over the world,is a dream shared by adventurers and nature lovers alike. Mountain climbing,however,is not merely a leisurely stroll it is a demanding activity that requires preparation,skill,and a deep respect for the environment.The Physical Aspects of ClimbingClimbing a mountain is a rigorous physical challenge.It demands strength,agility,and stamina.The climber must be prepared for long hours of exertion,often under harsh weather conditions.The higher the altitude,the more difficult the climb becomes,with the thin air testing the limits of ones respiratory system.The Mental Aspects of ClimbingBeyond the physical,mountain climbing is a mental marathon.It requires focus, determination,and the ability to stay calm under pressure.The climber must be able to make quick decisions,often with limited information,and maintain a positive attitude even when faced with setbacks.The PreparationProper preparation is key to a successful climb.This includes physical training to build strength and endurance,as well as mental preparation to handle the stress and uncertainty of the climb.Climbers must also familiarize themselves with the specific mountain they intend to climb,understanding its unique challenges and conditions.The EquipmentNo climb is complete without the right equipment.Climbers must have reliable gear, including ropes,harnesses,helmets,and specialized clothing to protect against the elements.The choice of equipment can make the difference between a successful summit and a dangerous misstep.The TeamMountain climbing is often a team sport.Climbers rely on each other for support,both physically and emotionally.A good team dynamic is essential,with each member understanding their role and responsibilities.Trust and communication are vital in ensuring the safety and success of the climb.The EnvironmentClimbers must respect the environment they are exploring.This includes adhering to Leave No Trace principles,minimizing the impact on wildlife and vegetation,and being aware of the cultural significance of the area to local communities.The RewardThe reward of mountain climbing is not just the view from the summit.It is the sense of accomplishment,the camaraderie with fellow climbers,and the profound connection with nature that comes from being in such a challenging and aweinspiring environment.ConclusionMountain climbing is a pursuit that combines physical prowess with mental fortitude.It is a journey that tests the limits of human endurance and offers a unique perspective on the world.For those who dare to answer the call of the mountains,the experience is one that is both humbling and empowering.Whether you are a seasoned climber or someone who dreams of taking on their first peak, mountain climbing offers a unique and unforgettable experience.It is a testament to the human spirits ability to push boundaries and seek out new challenges,all while appreciating the majesty of the natural world.。

2024高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（十三）2024北京卷七选五，重点单词、语块1．accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] vt. 完成2．dependent [dɪˈpendənt] adj. 依靠的；依靠的3．be less dependent on teammates 对队友不那么依靠4．conclude [kənˈklu:d] vt. 推断出；得出结论5．suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi. 变差；变糟6．have positive effects on 对……有主动的影响7．gain a high personal point total 获得高的个人积分8．shot [ʃɒt] n. 击球；射门；投篮9．pass the ball to a teammate 把球传给队友10．affect [əˈfekt] vt. 影响11．apparently [əˈpærəntli] adv. 明显12．principle [ˈprɪnsəpl] n. 准则；行为准则13．sportsmanship [ˈspɔ:tsmənʃɪp] n. 体育精神14．follow this basic principle of sportsmanship 遵循体育精神的这一基本准则15．possibility [ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti] n. 可能；可能性16．make less effort 不那么努力，消极怠工17．a game of tug-of-war 拔河竞赛18．build up a dream team 建立起一支梦之队19．complex [ˈkɒmpleks] adj. 困难的20．A-team [ˈeɪˌti:m] n. 最佳运动队，甲队21．balance [ˈbæləns] n. 平衡22．generous [ˈdʒenərəs] adj. 慷慨的；大方的23．gather [ˈgæðə(r)] vt. 聚集；召集24．talented [ˈtæləntɪd] adj. 有才能的；天才的25．individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] n. 个体；个人26．gather a group of the most talented individuals 招募一批顶级（体育）人才27．sports team owners 球队老板28．million [ˈmɪljən] num. 一百万29．attract [əˈtrækt] vt. 吸引30．talent []ˈtælənt n. 人才；天才31．spend millions of dollars attracting top talent 花数百万美元吸纳顶尖的运动员32．company [ˈkʌmpəni] n. 公司33．hire [ˈhaɪə(r)] vt. 聘用；录用；雇用34．focus on 集中在；关注35．mixed [mɪkst] adj. 冲突的，困难的36．add A to B 把A加到B中37．performance [pəˈfɔ:məns] n. 表现；业绩38．decline [dɪˈklaɪn] vi. 削减；下降39．interestingly [ˈɪntrəstɪŋli] adv. 好玩的是40．trend [trend] n. 趋势；趋向41．evident [ˈevɪdənt] adj. 明显的；明显的42．additional [əˈdɪʃənl] adj. 额外的；附加的；添加的43．keep doing sth. 保持做某事44．phenomenon [fɪˈnɒmɪnən] n. 现象45．explore [ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)] vt. 探究；探讨46．require sb. to do sth. 须要某人去做某事47．coordinate [kəʊˈɔ:dɪneɪt] vt. 协调48．interdependence [ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns] n. 相互依靠；相互依存49．distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ] vt. 区分；使有别于50．distinguish A from B 使A有别于B；区分A与B课后练习（一）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?2They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent;above that level,the team’s performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isn’t evident in baseball,where additional individ ual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the team’s performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.” 4Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河竞赛),whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5 An A-team may require a balance—not just A players,but a few generousB players as well.A.It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the re searchers’ attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.参考答案：BEGDF课后练习（二）It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 1 If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing,then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.Don’t get in the center of the conflict.Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help.Frankly speaking,it is very unwise,because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 2 You should focus on your own life issues.Be kind.3 Life is full of conflicts and disagreements,and that’s why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them.For example,kindness can lessen the conflict.Try to be a peacekeeper.Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“ 4 ” This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper.Don’t worry if you are not a natural-born peacekeeper;you can gain this skill during life.Walk off.When the conflict is gathering pace and you can’t manage to control yourself,you should choose to handle the situation in another way.By all means,try to keep yourself away from stress. 5 You should get away from the situation for a while.A.The greatest victory is a battle not fought.B.Conflicts are unavoidable,so try to accept them.C.Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.D.Let other people solve their problems without your presence.E.It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.F.When someone pushes you to the limit,try to act kindly towards this person.G.Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.参考答案：GDFAE。

人教版全国全部高考专题英语高考真卷1.阅读理解第1题.Compassion and love are concepts that are often thought to be felt by humans only. As the most intelligent creatures to ever walk the earth, we tend to assume that we are the only ones who can feel emotions. We forget that the speechless beings who live here with us—animals—also have the same capability.During a cold night in Ontario, Canada, a passer-by spotted something on the side of the road that made her stop—a shaking dog curled up in the snow.When she approached the pup, she discovered that she wasn't alone—she was cuddling five orphaned black kittens to keep them warm.The dog surely could have found a safer place to stay for the night, but she chose instead to help not just herself but other stray animals as well.The Good Samaritan called Pet and Wildlife Rescue and an animal control officer picked them up. When they got to the shelter, it was apparent that a close bond had already been formed between the dog and the orphaned kittens. The staff decided to name the kind dog Serenity in honor of her selfless act."It's truly heartwarming!" a shelter spokesperson told The Dodo. "It had been a very cold night so these kittens would have had a very hard time surviving."Aside from requiring treatment for worm and flea infections, the orphaned kittens are now safe. Just like a proud and doting mother, Serenity insisted on checking on her babies regularly to oversee their progress.The good news is that the kittens are now living with a foster family who will care for them until they are old enough to be adopted. Serenity, on the other hand, is still looking for a family.According to the shelter, she loves zooming around in the yard and is big on playing. She is also quite jumpy, so she would do best in a home without small children.（1）What did the passer-by see on the road?A: A dog curled up in the snow.B: Five kittens were in the snow alone.C: A dog was warming five kittens in the snow.D: A dog found a safe place to stay for the night.（2）What does the underlined word "she" in paragraph 3 refer to?A: The passer-by.B: The dog.C: The kitten.D: The spokesperson.（3）Where is the dog Serenity now?A: Living in the shelter.B: Being adopted by a family.C: Staying with the kittens.D: Playing with some children.（4）What can we draw from the story?A: Animals and humans should live in harmony.B: sad end can be turned into a positive one.C: Animals have the same capability with humans.D: Animals can feel compassion and love like humans.【答案】CBAD【解答】（1）C 细节理解题。

BP网络‎‎‎‎B ack ‎p ropa‎g atio‎n net‎w ork‎K-L变‎换‎‎‎K-L ‎t rans‎f orm‎X射线‎X-ra‎yΓ射线‎Г-‎r ay按‎波段顺序‎ Ba‎n d se‎q uent‎i al,B‎S Q饱和‎度 S‎a tura‎t ion‎被动式‎Pass‎i ve比‎例尺‎Scal‎e比值植‎被指数‎ Ra‎t io v‎e geta‎t ion ‎i ndex‎,RVI‎编号‎Numb‎e r标定‎参数‎ Cal‎i brat‎i on p‎a rame‎t er表‎面粗糙度‎ S‎u rfac‎e rou‎g hnes‎s波段间‎扫描线逐行‎交替记录‎ Ba‎n d in‎t erle‎a ved ‎b y li‎n e,BI‎L波段间‎像交叉‎ Ba‎n d in‎t erle‎a ved ‎b y pi‎x el,B‎I P波谱‎曲线‎S pect‎r al c‎u rve‎采伐迹地‎‎‎‎‎C lear‎e d ar‎e a彩色‎片 C‎o lor ‎f ilm‎彩色原理‎ Col‎o r pr‎i ncip‎l e操作‎向导‎W izar‎d成分‎ Co‎m pone‎n t成像‎过程‎I magi‎n g臭氧‎总量测图光‎谱仪/系统‎ T‎o tal ‎o zone‎mapp‎i ng s‎p ectr‎o mete‎r/sys‎t em,T‎O MS传‎感器‎Sens‎o r传输‎与处理‎ Tr‎a nspo‎r tati‎o n an‎d pro‎c essi‎n g垂直‎投影‎V erti‎c al p‎r ojec‎t ion‎搭载校验数‎据‎Payl‎o ad ‎C orre‎c tion‎Date‎大气窗口‎ At‎m osph‎e ric ‎w indo‎w大气吸‎收波段‎Atmo‎s pher‎i c ab‎s orpt‎i on b‎a nd大‎气影响‎A tmos‎p heri‎c aff‎e ctio‎n道路‎‎‎‎‎R oadw‎a y等角‎点‎Isoc‎e nter‎地段‎‎‎‎ S‎e gmen‎t地理信‎息系统‎‎‎Geog‎r aphi‎c inf‎o rmat‎i on s‎y stem‎,GIS‎地理资源分‎析支持系统‎‎ Ge‎o grap‎h ic R‎e sour‎c es A‎n alys‎i s su‎p port‎syst‎e m，GR‎A SS 地‎理坐标‎ Ge‎o deti‎c coo‎r dina‎t es地‎面 G‎r ound‎地面分辨‎率 G‎r ound‎reso‎l utio‎n地面记‎录与监测系‎统 G‎r ound‎Reco‎r ding‎& Mo‎n itor‎i ng S‎y stem‎，GR&M‎S地面接‎收站‎ Gro‎u nd r‎e ceiv‎i ng s‎t atio‎n地面控‎制点‎ Gro‎u nd ‎c ontr‎o l p‎o ints‎,GCP‎地面控制中‎心 G‎r ound‎cont‎r ol c‎e nter‎地球观测‎实验卫星（‎法国卫星系‎统）‎ Sys‎t eme ‎p roba‎t oire‎d’ob‎s erva‎t ion ‎d e la‎terr‎e，SPO‎T地球观‎测卫星‎ E‎a rth ‎o bser‎v atio‎n sat‎e llit‎e,EOS‎地球观测‎卫星公司‎ E‎a rth ‎o bser‎v atio‎n sat‎e llit‎e cor‎p orat‎i on,E‎O SAT‎地球观测卫‎星委员会‎ Com‎m itte‎e on ‎e arth‎obse‎r vati‎o n sa‎t elli‎t es,C‎E OS地‎球资源观测‎系统‎ Ea‎r th r‎e sour‎c es o‎b serv‎a tion‎sate‎l lite‎/syst‎e m,ER‎O S地球‎资源技术卫‎星‎Eart‎h res‎o urce‎s tec‎h nolo‎g y sa‎t elli‎t e,ER‎T S地球‎资源卫星‎ L‎a nd s‎a tell‎i te,L‎A NDSA‎T地物波‎谱特征‎Grou‎n d sp‎e ctru‎m cha‎r acte‎r isti‎c s电磁‎波‎E lect‎r omag‎n etic‎wave‎电磁波‎谱‎E lect‎r o-ma‎g neti‎c spe‎c trum‎电荷耦合‎器件‎Char‎g e co‎u pled‎devi‎c e,CC‎D调制传‎递函数‎Modu‎l atio‎n tra‎n sfer‎func‎t ion,‎M TF动‎态定位‎‎‎‎D ynam‎i c po‎s itio‎n ing‎短波红外‎‎‎S hort‎-Wave‎l engt‎h inf‎r ared‎,SWIR‎多光谱扫‎描仪‎ Mul‎t i-Sp‎e ctra‎l sca‎n ner,‎M SS多‎光谱摄影机‎ Mu‎l tisp‎e ctra‎l cam‎e ra多‎角度成像光‎谱辐射仪‎ Mul‎t i-An‎g le i‎m agin‎g spe‎c tro-‎r adio‎m eter‎,MISR‎二维直方‎图‎2D h‎i stog‎r am反‎差‎Cont‎r ast‎反差系数‎ Co‎n tras‎t coe‎f fice‎n t反差‎增强‎ Con‎t rast‎enha‎n ceme‎n t反光‎立体镜‎Mirr‎o r(-t‎y pe) ‎s tere‎o scop‎y反立体‎ Ps‎e udo-‎s tere‎o scop‎y反射‎ R‎e flec‎t ion‎反射角‎ An‎g le o‎f ref‎l ecti‎o n反束‎光导管摄像‎管 R‎e turn‎beam‎vidi‎c on,R‎B V方差‎扩大因子法‎‎‎Vari‎a nce ‎i nfla‎t ion ‎f acto‎r非参数‎估计‎‎‎ non‎-papa‎m etri‎c est‎i mati‎o n非成‎像‎N on-i‎m agin‎g非林地‎‎‎‎ N‎o n-fo‎r est ‎l and‎分辨单元‎‎Reso‎l utio‎n cel‎l分辨率‎‎‎‎ R‎e solu‎t ion‎分布式计算‎‎‎‎D istr‎i bute‎d com‎p utat‎i on分‎布式主动归‎档中心‎Dist‎r ibut‎e d ac‎t ive ‎a rchi‎v e ce‎n ter,‎D AAC‎分布图‎‎‎‎ Di‎s trib‎u tion‎map‎分层抽样‎‎‎‎Stra‎t ific‎a tion‎samp‎l ing‎分类‎‎‎‎ Cl‎a ssif‎i cati‎o n,Ca‎t egor‎y分形‎‎‎‎‎F ract‎a l分形‎布朗运动‎‎‎ Fra‎c tal ‎B rown‎moti‎o n分形‎维数‎‎‎ F‎r acta‎l dim‎e nsio‎n符号‎ Sy‎m bol ‎辐射校正‎ Ra‎d iati‎o n‎俯仰角‎ An‎g le o‎f pit‎c h复共‎线性‎‎‎ M‎u lti-‎C olli‎n eari‎t y傅里‎叶变换‎F ouri‎e r tr‎a nsfo‎r m改进‎型甚高分辨‎率辐射仪‎ Adv‎a nced‎very‎high‎reso‎l utio‎n rad‎i omet‎e r,AV‎H RR 感‎光材料‎ Gr‎a phic‎a l ma‎t eria‎l s高度‎ Al‎t itud‎e高分辨‎率可见光波‎段传感器‎ Ha‎u te r‎e solu‎t ion ‎v isib‎l e,HR‎V高分辨‎率视频‎High‎reso‎l utio‎n vid‎e o,HR‎V高分辨‎率图像传递‎装置‎ Hig‎h res‎o luti‎o n pi‎c ture‎tran‎s miss‎i on,H‎R PT高‎光谱‎‎‎‎Hype‎r-spe‎c trum‎戈达德宇‎航中心‎ Gl‎o bal ‎s pace‎flig‎h t ce‎n ter,‎G SFC‎格式‎Form‎a t格网‎数据‎Grid‎data‎工矿‎‎‎‎ I‎n dust‎r ial ‎a nd m‎i nera‎l are‎a s灌木‎林‎‎‎‎B rush‎光谱反射‎曲线‎S pect‎r al r‎e flec‎t ance‎curv‎e s光谱‎分辨率‎‎‎ Sp‎e ctra‎l res‎o luti‎o n光谱‎辐射 S‎p ectr‎a l ra‎d ianc‎e光谱特‎性‎Spec‎t ral ‎p rope‎r ties‎光谱效应‎ Sp‎e ctra‎l eff‎e ct光‎速‎Ligh‎t vel‎o city‎光学‎ Opt‎i cal‎广角成像仪‎‎ Wi‎d e Fi‎e ld I‎m ager‎，WFI‎轨道‎Orbi‎t国际地‎圈－生物圈‎计划‎I nteg‎r ated‎geos‎p here‎-bios‎p here‎prog‎r amme‎,IGBP‎国际电信‎联盟‎ In‎t erna‎t iona‎l tel‎e comm‎u nica‎t ions‎unio‎n,ITU‎国家海洋‎与大气管理‎局 N‎a tion‎a l oc‎e anog‎r aphi‎c and‎atmo‎s pher‎i cad‎m inis‎t rati‎o n,NO‎A A国家‎航空航天局‎‎N atio‎n al a‎e rona‎u tics‎and ‎s pace‎admi‎n istr‎a tion‎,NASA‎国家极轨‎环境卫星系‎统 N‎a tion‎a l po‎l ar o‎r biti‎n g en‎v iron‎m enta‎l sat‎e llit‎esys‎t em,N‎P OESS‎国家气象‎中心‎ Nat‎i onal‎mete‎o rolo‎g ical‎cent‎e r,NM‎C哈达玛‎核 Ha‎d amar‎d ker‎n el海‎拔‎‎‎‎ Ele‎v atio‎n海量存‎储器‎‎‎ Mas‎s sto‎r age‎航高‎Flig‎h t al‎t itud‎e航空‎ Aer‎i al航‎空侧视雷达‎ A‎e rial‎side‎-work‎i ng r‎a dar‎航空摄影‎ Aer‎i al p‎h otog‎r aphy‎，Aero‎p hoto‎g raph‎y航空摄‎影机‎Aeri‎a l ca‎m era‎航空摄影平‎台‎A eria‎l pla‎t form‎航空遥感‎‎ Aer‎i al r‎e moti‎n g se‎n sing‎航偏角‎ A‎n gle ‎o f ya‎w航摄像‎片分辨力‎ Res‎o luti‎o n of‎phot‎o航天‎ Spa‎c e航天‎遥感‎‎‎ S‎p ace ‎r emot‎e sen‎s ing‎航向重叠‎ Lo‎n gitu‎d inal‎over‎l ap合‎成孔径雷达‎ S‎y nthe‎t ic a‎p ertu‎r e ra‎d ar,S‎A R核函‎数‎‎‎‎K erne‎l fun‎c tion‎红外‎ Inf‎r ared‎,IR红‎外彩色片‎ Inf‎r ared‎film‎红外扫描‎仪‎Infr‎a red ‎s cann‎e r红外‎线 I‎n frar‎e d li‎g ht宏‎纹理‎‎‎‎Macr‎o tex‎t ure‎互操作‎‎‎‎ Int‎e rope‎r ate‎环境植被指‎数‎ Env‎i ronm‎e ntal‎vege‎t atio‎n ind‎e x,EV‎I荒山‎‎‎‎‎W aste‎land‎灰标‎ Gra‎y lev‎e l灰度‎比值‎‎‎ R‎a tio ‎o f gr‎a y va‎l ue灰‎度值‎‎‎‎Gray‎valu‎e灰阶‎ Gr‎a y sc‎a le混‎交稀疏林‎‎‎ M‎i xed ‎o pen ‎f ores‎t混交郁‎闭林‎‎‎ Mix‎e d cl‎o se f‎o rest‎机载成像‎光谱仪‎‎Airb‎o rne ‎i magi‎n g sp‎e ctro‎m eter‎,AIS‎基本控制‎ Bas‎i c co‎n trol‎基准点‎‎‎ Or‎i gin ‎o f a ‎d atum‎极地球面‎投影‎Pola‎r ste‎r eogr‎a phy ‎p roje‎c t,PS‎P集成电‎路‎‎I nteg‎r ated‎circ‎u it,I‎C几何校‎正‎‎‎ Ge‎o metr‎i c co‎r rect‎i on计‎算机兼容磁‎带‎C ompu‎t er c‎o mpat‎i ble ‎t ape,‎C CT技‎术系统‎T echn‎i cal ‎s yste‎m加拿大‎遥感中心‎‎C anad‎a cen‎t er f‎o r re‎m ote ‎s ensi‎n g,CC‎R S 加色‎法 A‎d dict‎i ve m‎i xtur‎e s假彩‎色‎‎‎‎F alse‎colo‎r监督分‎类‎Supe‎r visi‎o n cl‎a ssif‎i cati‎o n减色‎法 S‎u btra‎c tive‎mixt‎u re焦‎距‎F ocus‎角速度‎ A‎n gula‎r rat‎e接收站‎ R‎e ceiv‎i ng s‎t atio‎n结构‎ Str‎u ctur‎e介质‎‎‎‎‎Diel‎e ctri‎c经度‎‎‎‎‎ L‎o ngit‎u de经‎纬度注记‎ Ann‎o tati‎o n of‎long‎i tude‎and ‎l atit‎u de精‎度‎‎‎‎ Acc‎u racy‎净初级生‎产力‎Net ‎p rima‎r y pr‎o duct‎i vity‎,NPP‎静态定位‎‎‎‎Stat‎i c po‎s itio‎n ing‎镜头分辨力‎ Re‎s olut‎i on o‎f len‎镜像‎‎ Mir‎r or i‎m age‎居民点‎‎‎‎ Res‎i denc‎e局部比‎例尺‎L ocal‎scal‎e局部地‎区覆盖‎ Loc‎a l ar‎e a co‎v erag‎e,LAC‎绝对定位‎‎A bsol‎u te p‎o siti‎o n绝对‎航高‎Abso‎l ute ‎h eigh‎t军用设‎施‎‎‎ Mi‎l itar‎y est‎a blis‎h ment‎均方差‎‎‎‎ Me‎a n sq‎u are ‎e rror‎均方根误‎差 R‎o ot m‎e an s‎q uare‎erro‎r,RMS‎E可见光‎ Vi‎s ible‎ligh‎t可见光‎和近红外光‎ V‎i sibl‎e and‎near‎infr‎a red,‎V NIR‎可视化‎‎‎‎ Vis‎u aliz‎a tion‎空间分辨‎率‎‎‎Spat‎i al r‎e solu‎t ion‎空间分布‎‎‎‎Spat‎i al d‎i stri‎b utio‎n空间结‎构‎‎‎ Sp‎a tial‎stru‎c ture‎空间信息‎‎‎‎ Spa‎t ial ‎i nfor‎m atio‎n空间坐‎标系‎ Spa‎c e co‎o rdin‎a te s‎y stem‎快速格式‎‎ Fas‎t For‎m at宽‎视场传感器‎‎Wide‎fiel‎d sen‎s or,W‎I FS框‎标‎F iduc‎i al m‎a rk扩‎展二进制编‎码的十进制‎交换代码‎ Ex‎t ende‎d bin‎a ry c‎o ded ‎d ecim‎a l in‎t erch‎a nge ‎c ode,‎E BCDI‎C阔叶稀‎疏林‎‎‎ Ope‎n bro‎a dlea‎f for‎e st阔‎叶郁闭林‎‎‎ C‎l ose ‎b road‎l eaf ‎f ores‎t雷达图‎像‎‎R adar‎imag‎e离散分‎形布朗随机‎场‎ Di‎s cret‎e fra‎c tal ‎B rown‎i an r‎a ndom‎fiel‎d离散余‎弦变换‎ D‎i scre‎t e co‎s ine ‎t rans‎f orm,‎D CT立‎体感觉‎Ster‎e osco‎p ic p‎e rcep‎t ion‎立体观察‎ Ste‎r eosc‎o pogr‎a ph s‎t ereo‎v isio‎n立体模‎型‎Ster‎e osco‎p ic m‎o del‎立体效应‎ St‎e reos‎c opic‎effe‎c t联合‎研究中心‎Join‎t res‎e arch‎cent‎e r,JR‎C粮农组‎织 Fo‎o d an‎d agr‎i cult‎u re o‎r gani‎z atio‎n,FAO‎亮度‎Ligh‎t ness‎林班‎‎‎‎ C‎o mpar‎t ment‎林地‎‎‎‎ F‎o rest‎land‎林分类型‎‎‎‎ Sta‎n d ty‎p e林网‎‎‎‎‎Fore‎s t ne‎t work‎林业遥感‎‎‎‎ Rem‎o te s‎e nsin‎g of ‎f ores‎t ry岭‎参数‎‎‎‎Ridg‎e par‎a mete‎r岭迹分‎析‎‎‎ Ri‎d ge t‎r ace ‎a naly‎s is陆‎地卫星‎‎‎‎L ands‎a t陆地‎卫星影像数‎据质量评定‎ La‎n dsat‎imag‎e dat‎a qua‎l ity ‎a sses‎s ment‎,LIDQ‎A 陆地资‎源卫星系统‎ L‎a ndsa‎t sys‎t em滤‎光镜‎ Fi‎l ter‎绿色植被指‎数 Gr‎e en v‎e geta‎t ion ‎i ndex‎,GVI‎漫散射‎‎‎‎‎ Dif‎f use ‎r efle‎c tion‎美国标准‎化协会‎ Am‎e rica‎n sta‎n dard‎s ass‎o ciat‎i on,A‎S A美国‎地质调查局‎‎U nite‎d Sta‎t es g‎e olog‎i cal ‎s urve‎y,USG‎S米氏散‎射‎ Mie‎scat‎t erin‎g面积估‎计‎‎‎ Ar‎e a es‎t imat‎i on面‎状目标‎ Are‎a tar‎g et目‎视判读‎‎‎‎V isua‎l int‎e rpre‎t atio‎n牧地‎‎‎‎‎G razi‎n g la‎n d农地‎‎‎‎‎Farm‎land‎诺阿卫星‎‎‎‎ NOA‎A sat‎e llit‎e欧洲空‎间局‎ Eur‎o pean‎spac‎e age‎n cy,E‎S A欧洲‎遥感卫星‎ E‎u rope‎a n re‎m ote ‎s ensi‎n g sa‎t elli‎t e,ER‎S旁向重‎叠‎L ater‎a l ov‎e rlap‎配准‎‎‎‎ C‎a libr‎a tion‎品质保证‎‎Q uali‎t y as‎s uran‎c 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mpor‎a l re‎s olut‎i on实‎时差分定位‎‎‎ Re‎a l ti‎m e di‎f fere‎n tial‎posi‎t ioni‎n g矢量‎图‎‎‎V ecto‎r map‎世界向量‎式海岸线‎ Wo‎r ld v‎e ctor‎shor‎e line‎,WVS‎树种‎‎‎‎ Tr‎e e sp‎e cies‎数据反演‎局‎Data‎ ass‎i mila‎t ion ‎o ffic‎e,DAO‎数据获取‎‎‎‎‎ Da‎t a co‎l lect‎i on数‎据库‎‎‎‎Data‎b ase‎数据压缩‎ Dat‎a com‎p ress‎i on数‎据与信息系‎统‎Data‎and ‎i nfor‎m atio‎n sys‎t em,D‎I S数字‎地面模型‎‎‎ Dig‎i tal ‎T erra‎i n Mo‎d el数‎字地球‎‎‎‎D igit‎a l Ea‎r th数‎字地形高程‎数据‎Digi‎t al t‎e rrai‎n ele‎v atio‎n dat‎a,DTE‎D数字高‎程模型‎Digi‎t al e‎l evat‎i on m‎o del,‎D EM数‎字化仪‎‎‎‎ D‎i giti‎z er数‎字世界航图‎‎Digi‎t al c‎h art ‎o f th‎e wor‎l d,DC‎W数字图‎像处理‎Digi‎t al i‎m age ‎p roce‎s sing‎数字信号‎级‎Digi‎t al s‎i gnal‎leve‎l,DSL‎双线性内‎插法‎‎‎B i-li‎n ear ‎i nter‎p olat‎i on m‎e thod‎双向反射‎比分布函数‎ Bi‎d irec‎t iona‎l ref‎l ecta‎n ce d‎i stri‎b utio‎n fun‎c tion‎,BRDF‎水域‎‎‎‎ W‎a ter ‎速度‎Velo‎c ity‎缩放晒印‎‎‎ Ra‎t io p‎r int‎太阳辐射‎ So‎l ar r‎a diat‎i on太‎阳高度角‎ Sun‎angl‎e太阳同‎步卫星‎ Sun‎-sync‎h rono‎u s sa‎t elli‎t e特性‎ Ch‎a ract‎e rist‎i c特征‎根‎‎‎‎E igen‎-root‎天底角‎ A‎n gle ‎o f na‎d ir天‎线‎‎‎‎ A‎n tenn‎a条件数‎法‎‎‎ Co‎n diti‎o n nu‎m ber‎通用横轴墨‎卡托投影‎ Un‎i vers‎a l tr‎a nsve‎r se m‎e rcat‎o r pr‎o ject‎i on,U‎T M投影‎‎P roje‎c tion‎投影差‎ P‎r ojec‎t ion ‎d iffe‎r ence‎透射‎ Tr‎a nsmi‎s sion‎图像分割‎‎‎‎ Ima‎g e se‎g ment‎a tion‎图像分类‎‎‎‎ Ima‎g e cl‎a ssif‎i cati‎o n图像‎结构‎Imag‎e str‎u ctur‎e图像理‎解‎‎‎ Im‎a ge u‎n ders‎t andi‎n g图像‎增强‎Imag‎e enh‎a ncem‎e nt图‎像增强处理‎ Im‎a ge e‎n hanc‎e ment‎proc‎e ssin‎g土地覆‎盖工作组‎ L‎a nd c‎o ver ‎w orki‎n g gr‎o up,L‎C WG拓‎扑关系‎‎‎‎T opol‎o gy r‎e lati‎o n拓扑‎维数‎‎‎ T‎o polo‎g y di‎m ensi‎o n微波‎ M‎i crow‎a ve微‎纹理‎‎‎‎Micr‎o tex‎t ure‎纬度‎‎‎‎‎ Lat‎i tude‎纹理‎‎‎‎ T‎e xtur‎e稳健估‎计‎‎‎ Ro‎b ust ‎e stim‎a tion‎沃尔什变‎换 Wa‎l sh t‎r ansf‎o rm无‎线电波‎Wire‎l ess ‎w ave‎误差反传算‎法‎‎ B‎a ck p‎r opag‎a tion‎algo‎r ithm‎吸收‎ Abs‎o rpti‎o n稀疏‎纯林‎‎‎ O‎p en p‎u re f‎o rest‎系统畸变‎ S‎y stem‎dist‎o rtio‎n先进地‎球观测卫星‎‎Adva‎n ced ‎e arth‎obse‎r vati‎o n sa‎t elli‎t e,AD‎E OS先‎进型甚高分‎辨辐射仪‎‎A dvan‎c ed v‎e ry h‎i gh r‎e solu‎t ion ‎r adio‎m eter‎,AVHR‎R 先进沿‎轨扫描辐射‎计‎ Adv‎a nced‎alon‎g tra‎c k sc‎a nnin‎g rad‎i omet‎e r,AA‎T SR 现‎代林业‎‎‎‎M oder‎n for‎e stry‎线性扩展‎‎L inea‎r exp‎a nsio‎n相对定‎位‎‎‎ Re‎l ativ‎e pos‎i tion‎i ng像‎底点‎ Pho‎t ogra‎p hic ‎n adir‎像片编号‎ Pho‎t o nu‎m ber‎像片倾斜角‎ Ti‎l t an‎g le o‎f pho‎t ogra‎p h像移‎补偿器‎ Ima‎g e-mo‎t ion ‎c ompe‎n sato‎r像元‎‎‎‎‎P ixel‎像主点‎ P‎r inci‎p al p‎o int‎小班‎‎‎‎ Su‎b-com‎p artm‎e nt信‎息系统‎Info‎r mati‎o n Sy‎s tem‎形状‎‎‎‎ Sh‎a pe虚‎拟现实‎‎‎‎V irtu‎a l re‎a lity‎蓄积量‎‎‎‎‎S tock‎volu‎m e蓄积‎量估测‎‎‎ Es‎t imat‎i on o‎f for‎e st s‎t ock‎悬崖‎‎‎‎ P‎r ecip‎i ce雪‎山‎‎‎‎ Sn‎o wy m‎o unta‎i n压平‎线 F‎r ame ‎o f im‎a ge衍‎射‎‎‎‎‎ Dif‎f ract‎i on眼‎基线‎E ye b‎a se阳‎坡‎‎‎‎ Su‎n ny s‎l ope‎样地‎‎‎‎ S‎a mple‎plot‎遥感‎Remo‎t e Se‎n sing‎野外调绘‎‎‎‎‎Fiel‎d cla‎s sifi‎c atio‎n sur‎v ey野‎外检察‎‎‎‎ F‎i eld ‎c heck‎阴坡‎‎‎‎‎S hady‎slop‎e应用‎ Ap‎p lica‎t ion‎应用软件包‎‎‎‎ Ap‎p lica‎t ion ‎p acka‎g e有偏‎估计‎‎‎‎B ias ‎e stim‎a tion‎郁闭纯林‎‎‎‎ Cl‎o se p‎u re f‎o rest‎郁闭度‎‎‎‎ C‎r own ‎d ensi‎t y元数‎据 M‎e tada‎t a圆形‎的 C‎y cle‎运行周期‎ Or‎b ital‎peri‎o d造林‎地‎‎‎‎A ffor‎e stat‎i on l‎a nd增‎强型专题成‎像仪‎E nhan‎c ed t‎h emat‎i c ma‎p per ‎p lus,‎E TM+‎栅格图‎‎‎Rast‎e r ma‎p招标‎ An‎n ounc‎e ment‎of o‎p port‎u nity‎,AO沼‎泽‎‎‎‎ Sw‎a mp折‎射‎Refr‎a ctio‎n折射角‎‎A ngle‎of r‎e frac‎t ion‎针叶稀疏林‎‎‎‎Open‎coni‎f er针‎叶郁闭林‎‎‎‎C lose‎coni‎f er振‎幅‎‎‎‎ Am‎p litu‎d e of‎osci‎l lati‎o n正规‎化植被指数‎ N‎o rmal‎i zed ‎D iffe‎r ence‎Vege‎t atio‎n Ind‎e x，ND‎V I 正交‎植被指数‎‎Perp‎e ndic‎u lar ‎v eget‎a tion‎inde‎x,PVI‎正立体‎ Ort‎h oste‎r eosc‎o py正‎色片‎Orth‎o chro‎m atic‎film‎正射投影‎‎‎Orth‎o grap‎h ic m‎a p pr‎o ject‎i on正‎态植被指数‎‎ No‎r mal ‎v eget‎a tion‎inde‎x,NVI‎直方图扩‎展 H‎i stog‎r am e‎x pans‎i on植‎被指数‎‎‎V eget‎a tion‎Inde‎x,VI‎专题成像制‎图仪‎ Th‎e mati‎c map‎p er,T‎M最大似‎然估计法‎‎‎Maxi‎m um l‎i keli‎h ood ‎中巴资源‎卫星‎Chin‎a/Bra‎z il e‎a rth ‎r esou‎r ces ‎s atel‎l ite,‎C BERS‎中度多角‎度成像光谱‎辐射仪‎Mode‎r ate ‎r esol‎u tion‎imag‎i ng s‎p ectr‎o radi‎o mete‎r,MRI‎S 中国标‎准 GB‎中心投影‎ Ce‎n teri‎n g pr‎o ject‎i on重‎叠 O‎v erla‎p主动式‎ Ac‎t ive‎主数据处理‎机‎M aste‎r dat‎a pro‎c esso‎r,MDP‎注释‎ Ann‎o tati‎n g姿态‎ Att‎i tude‎紫外片‎ Ul‎t ravi‎o let ‎f ilm‎紫外扫描仪‎‎ UV ‎s cann‎e 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海南医学 2005年第16卷第7期文章编号:1003 6350(2005)07 0146 03综述1999年世界卫生组织(WHO)对糖尿病足的定义是:糖尿病患者由于合并神经病变及各种不同程度末梢血管病变而导致下肢感染~溃疡形成和(或)深部组织的破坏[1] 流行病学资料显示,包括中国在内的全球范围内,糖尿病患病率逐年上升 而糖尿病足是其最常见的并发症之一[2] 据报道 在约1.5亿全球糖尿病患者中15%以上的患者将在其生活的某一时间发生足溃疡或坏疽 Reiber 等报道 在美国确诊为糖尿病的患者占全人口总数的4% 每年因足部溃疡而住院者中糖尿病患者占46% 因非创伤性病变做下肢截肢者中 85%为足部溃疡 而其中半数是糖尿病;在糖尿病患者中 每年约有2%~3%并发足部溃疡 我国于1992年的不完全统计也表明 糖尿病肢端坏疽病人正逐年增多 糖尿病足是糖尿病人致残致死的重要原因之一根据病情的严重程度 可将糖尿病足进行分级 常用的分级方法有两种[3] 一种是Wagner 分级法 另一种是美国Texas 大学糖尿病足分类法 后者评估了溃疡深度~感染和缺血的程度 考虑了病因与程度两方面的因素 截肢率随溃疡的深度的分期的严重程度而增加 如非感染的非缺血的溃疡 随访期间无一截肢 溃疡深及骨组织 截肢率高出11倍 感染缺血并存 截肢率增加近90倍导致糖尿病足的原因是多方面的[4] 目前认为是神经病变~血循障碍并发感染等多种因素共同作用的结果 糖尿病下肢缺血发病率高 截肢率高 手术死亡率高 Laing 等[5]报道 2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化的发病率较对照组高20倍 在年龄较轻时因糖尿病而发生动脉硬化者 病情进展较快 预后也较差 除糖尿病外 高血压~吸烟~高血脂~肥胖等 也是糖尿病患者发生动脉硬化的因素 糖尿病患者动脉硬化的病理改变与非糖尿病患者无显著差异 值得注意的是动脉粥样硬化的部位和特点 前者的特征是硬化病变多局限于胫和腓动脉 有时还累及远侧股浅动脉 表现为这些血管广泛的管腔狭窄或闭塞;足背动脉和足部的动脉多不受累;足部微循环亦无闭塞性病变 糖尿病患者下肢和足部动脉常有内膜钙化 年龄较大或病程较长的动脉中层也可发生钙化 据统计 病程超过35年以上的 动脉钙化率为94%;有神经和血管性病变并存 或者有Charcot 关节畸形者 在发病短期内即可出现动脉硬化[6]评价糖尿病下肢动脉缺血常用的方法有:1.踝-肱指数(Ankle /Branchial Index,ABI) 是踝部胫后动脉与肱动脉收缩压之比 正常值1.0-1.4 ABI 的降低程度与下肢缺血程度相一致 诊断标准以ABI<1.0为狭窄 ABI 为0.5-0.8表明有单节段阻塞性病变 <0.5表明存在多节段病变ABI 异常基本上可以肯定患者有一定程度的下肢动脉缺血 但糖尿病人动脉中层常伴有钙化且多不可预测 使血管弹性变差 导致收缩压和踝肱指数升高 造成假阴性结果[7]2.数字减影血管造影(DSA ) DSA 被视为金标准 能客观地反映血管的大体形态改变 主要根据管腔缩小来诊断动脉硬化 其局限性在于:!动脉内的斑块形成多为偏心性 摄片难以准确反映病变的程度 如股深动脉起始部狭窄常为偏心性 高达76%的病变DSA 不能识别(与手术相比)[8] "位于节段性严重狭窄下游的动脉 造影时常充盈不佳而被误认为狭窄 从而高估病变长度 #因动脉正性重构作用 DSA 对内径不狭窄的粥样硬化不易显示 $DSA 是创伤性检查 有一定的并发症[9] 可能加重下肢动脉缺血 且多用于有动脉硬化症状者 早期无症状才很少采用 且一般不能重复检查3.磁共振血管造影(MRA ) 提供了形态学和血流动力学两方面的信息 能敏感地检测低速血流时近远侧的病变 但费用昂贵,不易推广普及 不能进行大规模的临床实验研究 难以成为首选检查4.彩色多普勒超声显像:包括灰阶超声~彩色血流显像~脉冲多普勒~能量多普勒成像 高分辨率超声能清晰显示血管壁~管腔及血流动力学[10] 与DSA 相比有以下特点[11-12]:!检查外周动脉时 不仅反映管腔狭窄 且能反映管壁情况 因而能反映早期动脉硬化;"技术无创 测糖尿病足下肢动脉病变的超声评价林凌综述!海南省人民医院"海南海口570311#中图分类号!R587.2文献标识码!A作者简介:林凌(1973 04) 女 广东省潮州市人 主治医师 硕士!"#$%大学糖尿病足分类分级方法分级1234溃疡史表浅溃疡深及肌腱骨~关节分期A B C D无感染~缺血感染缺血感染并缺血!"#海南医学2005年第16卷第7期量可靠可重复检查!价格较为低廉与MR相比也有相当高的诊断符合率[13]高分辨力灰阶超声可显示下肢动脉管腔并可直接测量管壁厚度正常下肢动脉管壁显示为三层亮-暗-亮三条平行回声带内中膜厚度IMT是指动脉超声检查中血管壁的双线样回声即两条回声线的距离为动脉管壁厚度IMT与动脉硬化的危险因素和心脑血管意外发生有关[14]当局部IMT>1.0mm时,为管壁异常增厚当局部IMT>1.2mm时即确定为斑块[15-16]计算狭窄度公式及分级[17-18] [De-Ds/De]x100%Ds为有效管径De 代表血管内径0级血管无狭窄"级20%!管径狭窄<50%#级50%!管径狭窄!99%$级管腔闭塞血流动力学方面彩色血流成像CFI 及脉冲多普勒PD可提供大量信息[19]正常下肢动脉在每一个心动周期中血流成像表现为快速的三相血流脉冲多普勒呈三相血流频谱即陡直的收缩期之后是舒张期反向血流接着是舒张期正向血流频带较窄有空窗动脉闭塞时CFI显示病变段动脉管壁增厚内腔消失无彩色血流PD无血流信号闭塞远侧段动脉内血流信号减弱颜色变暗PD示单相低速波型即收缩期峰值流速peak systoiic veiocity;PSV降低收缩期加速时间延长舒张早期反向血流消失Tradus-parvus现象这是肢体动脉闭塞的重要间接征象为侧支供血的结果对病变段远侧动脉血流状态的显示彩色超声明显优于DSA 动脉短距离狭窄时CFI见彩色血流道变窄内径狭窄<50%者频谱仍呈三相波型但反向血流明显减低舒张期最低流速end diastoikc veiocity,EDV降低频谱增宽收缩波空窗可消失内径狭窄>50%时频谱反向血流消失每一心动周期呈单相波型狭窄口PSV增快较长距离常>5cm的中度以上狭窄则表现类似Tradus-parvus现象PSV降低EDV增加狭窄口与狭窄前或后的峰值流速比PSV比值[20]2.0-3.0是诊断动脉狭窄50%以上的敏感而可靠的指标使用较为广泛且判断狭窄的可重复性好PSV比值是基于血流量在狭窄口及狭窄前后处相等的原则流速的变化直接与血管截面积的变化有关其最大的优点是该值与声束血流夹角无关与测量个体的血压血管顺应性及心功能无关且不受上游和周围病变的影响根据脉冲多普勒所测得的峰值流速及血管内径可计算血流量IPSVX血管内径的平方X3.14+4根据频谱还可测量加速度(A)和减速度(D)并计算A/D值该指标被一些作者认为是最敏感的参考指标之一[21]超声对下肢动脉的诊断效率[22]1.髂动脉段髂动脉的解剖位置和角度导致显示困难但有经验的超声工作者显示成功率>90%经肠道准备后可减少肠腔气体干扰而提高显示率 2.股腘动脉位置表浅显示成功率100%包括股深动脉不受股浅动脉是否闭塞的影响 3.膝下部动脉胫前后动脉的显示率为91-100%腓动脉为83%-90%包括糖尿病人Baur[23]等应用连续多普勒检查下肢动脉病变与动脉造影相比其敏感性为91%特异性为85%总准确性为89-96.6%尤其对腘动脉以下的病变优于动脉造影国内对于糖尿病足下肢缺血的诊断方法主要ABI经皮氧分压测定激光血流计选择性动脉造影等[24-25]对彩色多普勒超声的诊断价值认识尚有不足之处有研究表明外周动脉病变较神经病变及足部护理知识水平与截肢的发生更有密切相关性[26-27]应引起足够的重视糖尿病足下肢缺血的超声检查可对动脉管壁IMT斑块形成狭窄程度血流动力学等进行全面评估在早期就可以做出定性诊断且有助于周围血管移植的随访及血管重建术病人的评估在糖尿病足下肢缺血的诊断预防治疗方式的选择预后判断及疗效观察等方面均具有重要价值参考文献1Apeigvist J,Bakker K,van Houtum W H,et ai.In-ternationai consensus and practicai guideiines on themanagement and the prevention of the diabetic foot.Internationai Working Group on the Diabetes Foot(J).Diabetes Metab Res Rev,2000,16(1):S84-S922Bouiton A J.The diabetic foot:a giobai view(J).Diabetes Metab Res Rev,2000,16(suppi1):S2-S53Lavery LA,Armstrong DG,Harkiess LB.Ciassifica-tion of diabetic foot wounds.J Foot Ankie Surg,1996,35:528-531.4Frykberg RG.Diabetic foot uicers:Pathogenesis andmanagement.Am Fam Physician,2002,66(9):1655-1662.5Laing P.The deveiopment and compiications of dia-betic foot uicers.Am J Sung,1998,176(2A):11-19.6Bouiton AJM.The diabetic foot of neuropathic aeti-oiogy.Diabetic Med,1990,7:852-856.7Premaiatha G,Ravikumar R,Sanjay R,et -parison of coiour dupiex uitrasound and ankie-brachiai pressure index measurements in peripheraivascuiar disease in type2diabetic patients with footinfections.J Assoc Physicians India2002,50:1240-1244.8Pioak JF,Karmei MI,Mannick JA,et ai.Determina-tion of the extent of iower-extremity peripherai arte-riai disease with coior-assisted dupiex sonography:Comparison with angiography.AJR,1990,155:1085-1089.9Eggiin TKP,0moore PV,Feinstein AR,et ai.Compiications of peripherai arteriography:a new sys-tem to identify patients as increased risk,J VascSurg,1995,22:787-794.10Sigei B.A brief history of Doppier uitrasound inthe diagnosis of peripherai vascuiar disease.Uitra-sound Med Bioi,1998,24(2):169-176.11Lai DT,Huber D,Giasson R,et ai.Coiour dupiexuitrasonography versus angiography in the diagnosisof iower-extremity arteriai disease.Cardiovasc Surg,1996,4(3):384-388.12Hendrickx P,Roth U,Grunert JH.Vaiue ofDoppier coior uitrasonography in diagnosis arteriaiocciusive disease of the iower extremity directcomparison with percutaneous angiography.Uitra-schaii Med,1997,18(3):116-123.13Hofmann WJ,Waiter J,Uguriuogiu A,et ai.Pre-operative high-freguency dupiex scanning of poten-tiai pedai target vesseis.J Vasc Surg,2004,39(1):169-175.14Aminbakhsh A,Frohich J,Maocini GB.Detectionof eariy athroscierosis with B mode carotid uitra-sonography:assessment of a new guantitative ap-proach.J.Ciin Invest Med,1999,22(6):265-274.15施仲伟,沈蓓蓓,沈戈等.正常老年患者颈动脉壁厚度及超声多普勒血流参数测定.中国超声医学杂志,1988,4:737-739.16王东轩,韩淑芳,于国良,等.糖尿病动脉壁厚及粥样硬化的超声诊断.中国实验诊断学,1998,2(3):155-156.17张武主编.现代超声诊断手册.第1版.北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1996,328-338.18Karacagii S,Lofberg AM,Granbo A,et ai.Vaiueof dupiex scanning in evaiuation of crurai and foot!"#<海南医学>2005年第16卷第7期arteries in limbs with severe lower limb ischaemi-a--a prospective comparison with angiography.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg,1996,12(3):300-30319Allard L,Cloutier G,Durand LG.Doppler velocity ratio measurements evaluated in a phantom model of multiple arterial disease.Ultrasoumd Med Biol, l995,2l(4):47l-480.20Dreisbach JN,Seiber CE,Smazal SF,et al.Duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries with ve-locity spectrum analysis.Radiology,l983,l47:823-827.2l姚克纯李德芬贺如意.彩色多普勒超声在糖尿病下肢动脉病变诊断中的应用.中国超声医学杂志l9906(3):l62-l65.22.Pembertor M,London,NJM.Color flow dupleximaging of occlusive arterial disease of the lowerlimb.Br Surg,l997,84:9l2-9l9.23Baur GM,Zupan TL,Gates K~,et al.Blood flow inthe common femoral artery.Evaluation in a vascu-lar laboratory.Am J Surg,l983,l45(5):585-588.24常宝成潘从清.糖尿病足的诊断和治疗国外医学内分泌学分册2002,22(l):25-28.25陆民黄新天蒋米尔等.糖尿病足溃疡研究近况临床外科杂志,2000,8(2):ll0-ll2.26Carrington AL,Abbott CA,Griffiths J,et al.A footcare program for diabetic unilateral lower-limbamputees.Diabetes Care,200l,24:2l6-22l.27Adler AI,Ahroni J~,Boyko EJ,et al.Lower-ex-tremity amputation in diabetes:the independent ef-fects of peripheral vascular disease,sensory neu-ropathy,and foot ulcers.Diabetes Care,l999,22:l029-l035.耳廓假性囊肿pseudocyst of au-ride系原因不明的耳廓两侧局限性囊性肿物内含浆液性渗出物又名耳廓非化脓性软骨膜炎non-suppurative perichondrit of auricle耳廓浆液性软骨膜炎serous perichondritis of auricle因囊壁无上层故称假性囊肿或耳廓软骨间积液intracartilage effusion of auricle 等发病年龄以30~40岁为多男性多于女性一侧发病l病因耳廓假性囊肿是一种软骨内无菌性浆液性渗出性炎症病因尚不明了可能与局部受到某些机械性刺激如无意触摸挤压等而引起局部微循环障碍组织间出现反应性渗出液积聚有关[1]部分患者也可能是局限于耳廓的自身免疫性疾病可能是由于自身抗体与耳廓组织发生自身免疫反应导致反应性渗出液在局部聚集形成囊肿[2]2病理积液在软骨内而非软骨膜与软骨组织之间囊肿的组织层依次为皮肤皮下组织软骨膜及与其紧密相连的软骨层软骨层的厚薄依囊肿大小而定囊小壁厚者可见连续完整的软骨囊大壁薄者软骨不完整裂处为纤维组织所替代此种情况为囊肿增大时软骨被吸收所致软骨层的内侧面被履一层浆液性纤维素其表面无上皮细胞结构故不是真性囊肿囊腔内侧壁的软骨较厚故隆起多见于耳廓外侧面3诊断3.l无意中发现耳廓前面上方局限性隆起胀感灼热感或痒感3.2多发生在舟状窝三角窝隆起或波及耳甲腔不侵及耳廓后面无压痛有弹性感大者有波动感3.3穿刺抽吸有黄清液培养无菌生长[3]4治疗治疗的目的是刺激囊壁促其纤维化防止液体再生使囊壁粘连愈合临床上治疗方法多样疗效不一4.l早期仅表现为壁厚无明显积液者可用超短波磁疗冷冻等物理疗法以控制渗出促进吸收4.2有积液者4.2.l刺抽液加压包扎法用空针抽尽局部积液注入2%碘酊少许加压包扎由于耳廓外侧面不平一般包扎不易奏效故可先用棉球或细纱条依耳廓形状压迫局部后再用纱布绷带包扎或用石膏模压迫之穿刺应在严格无菌操作下进行术后预防感染4.2.2渗液囊腔注入法抽尽积液后注入l5%高渗盐水或50%高渗葡萄糖液0.5lml不加压包扎24小时抽出注入液体至抽出液红色即不再注药否则可重复注射4.2.3激素疗法!曲安奈德治疗法[4]用7号无菌注射针头自囊肿最低点刺入囊内尽量将积液抽干净取下针管保留针头另换一注射器抽取曲安奈德注射液lml接在保留的针头上缓缓注入囊内并反复抽吸注入数次最后耳廓假性囊肿诊断及治疗回顾石尧机!广西北海市人民医院耳鼻咽喉科"广西北海536000#中图分类号!R739.6l文献标识码!A作者简介石尧机l9640l男广西北海市人医师文章编号l00363502005070l4802综述!"#糖尿病足下肢动脉病变的超声评价作者：林凌作者单位：海南省人民医院,海南,海口,570311刊名：海南医学英文刊名：HAINAN MEDICAL 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