初中英语时态详解
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初中英语时态详解
一、什么叫时态?英语中不同时间发生的动作要用动词的不同形式来表示,这种动词的不同形式叫做时态。
二、时态的种类常见的英语时态有16种,但初中阶段一般要求掌握9种。请见下表:(以动词work为例)时态名称例句主语谓语时间状语一般现在时He worksevery day 一般过去时Heworkedyesterday 一般将来时Hewill workto morrow 过去将来时Hesaid he would workthe next day现在进行时Heis workingnow过去进行时Hewas workingat that time现在完成时Hehas workedfor two hours过去完成时Hehad workedfor two hours by then现在完成进行时Hehas been working
heresince10 years ago时态往往和其时间状语有着密切的联系。现就常用9种时态及其常用时间状语等问题分别简介于下:
1、一般现在时一般现在时用来表示:a、客观事实和普遍真理;b、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态;c、主语现有的特征。常与下列时间状语连用:(1)always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never等。如:It never snows in Australia in December、澳大利亚的二月里从来不下雪。(2)once a year, twice a day, every day, every month, every other day(每隔一天),every two days(每隔两天)等。如:I hear from her every other week、我每隔一周收到她的来信。
(3)有时可与表示未来的时间状语连用,表达按一定规定、计划或安排要发生的情况,此类状语有:at11:30, tomorrow, tonight, now等。如:Where do we go now?我们现在到哪儿去?
2、现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时或目前阶段正在进行的动作。常与下列时间状语连用:now, this month, today,
at7:30 等。如:It’s raining now、现在正在下雨。He’s looking after his brother today、他今天在照看弟弟。现在进行时多数情况下没有具体的时间状语,一般通过上下文显示动作
正在进行。如:Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?They are listening to an English talk、他们在听一个英语报告。
3、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有:(1)then, at that time, at that moment, just now, just then, recently等。如:Tom was here just now、汤姆刚才在这儿。(2)yesterday, yesterday morning(afternoon, evening), last night, last week(month, year, Sunday, January)等。如:I wasn’t last night、昨天
晚上我不在家。(3)during the war, a few days(months, years)
ago等。如:I went to the town a few days ago、几天前我去了城里一趟。(4)由when, while, before, after, whenever等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句。如:When he came back, he found a note on his desk、当他回来时,看见书桌上
有一张字条。(5)“in(on或at)+一个过去的时间”,如in1976, on the evening of May4th, at9:00等。如:She was born in19
68、她出生于1968年。
4、一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状
态。常与表示将来时间的状语连用。如:(1)
tomorrow, today, tonight;(2)
next spring, next month;(3)
during the holidays, during this term;(4)
at12:30;(5)
by then, by Sunday;(6)
first, next;(7)
when I grow up等。如:Who is going to speak first?谁
先发言?He is going to be a doctor when he grows up、他长
大以后要当医生。
5、过去将来时过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时,从过去的
观点看将来发生的动作。常用的时间状语有:(1)
the next day, that day(night);(2)
the following week;(3)
last week;(4)
at11:50;(5)
by then;(6)
first, next;(7)
when he grew up, after is stopped raining等。如:We were going to have a football match that day, but it rained、那天我们准备进行一场足球赛,但下雨了。
6、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(候)正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有:(1)
at8:00 last night, this time yesterday;(2)
when I saw him, while I was reading a novel;(3)
last year, yesterday morning;(4)
from seven to nine等。如:What were you doing at ten yesterday?昨天点钟你在干什么?They were watching TV when
I got there、我到那儿时他们在看电视。
7、现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响,也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有:(1)
now, today, tonight, this week(year)等。如:I have had a clock now、我现在有一个闹钟了。(2)yet, already, just, recently等。如:Have you already posted the photos?你把照片寄走了吗?(3)由since引导的时间状语或时间状语从句。如:Great changes have taken place in my hometown since liberation、解放以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(4)由for构成的表示一段时间的状语。如:He has been away from Beijing for two months、他已离开北京两个月了。