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牛津高中英语定语从句语法讲解一.定义1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
被修饰的词称为先行词。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词The man who lives ne某t to us is a policeman.先行词关系代词定语从句关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语The boys who are playing football are from ClassOne.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talkedabout on the bus.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is myfriend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which isliked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come tovisit the city each yearrises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soonbe repaired.(4)The classroom thedoor of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词which/whom引导(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.2.关系代词前的介词的选择Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (beafraid of 害怕)注意：1. 含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watchwhich/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch forwhich I am looking. (F)2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none,both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are verykind to him.(2) In the basket there arequite many apples, some of which have gone bad.四.关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to theschool.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 When=atinonduringwhich Where=atino which Why=for which(1) The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know whathe wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果在从句中不是作状语时，不可用关系副词引导。
牛津英语模块一语法定语从句（1）1 关系代词在定语从句中得使用除了形容词，名词等作定语来修饰名词或代词，句子也可以作定语，我们称作定语得句子为定语从句。
先瞧这样得两个句子：This man is my English teacher、 He is standing at the door、如果想把这两个句子合成一个句子，我们可将第二句转换成定语从句来修饰the man，即： The man that/who is standing at the door is my English teacher、这个句子中，that/who is standing at the door 充当了the man得定语，它就就是定语从句；而被修饰得the man叫作先行词，that/who就是关系代词。
2 关系代词that，which, who, whom, whose得区别（1）当先行词就是‘人’时：①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用that/who Is he the man who/that told you the news?②关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/that/who,也可以省略 The boy (whom/that/who) I talked to yesterday is my brother、（2）当先行词就是‘物’时：可用关系代词that/which来充当主语或宾语This is a book which/that talks about geography、综上所述，that既可指‘人’，也可指‘物’，而which只可指‘物’，who/whom只可指‘人’；who/that/which都可作主语或宾语，而whom只能作宾语；whose在定语从句中必须放在一个名词前作定语The book whose cover is red can’t be found now、 3 只能用that引导定语从句得情况（1）当先行词被序数词或形容词得最高级修饰时This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used、The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan、（2）当先行词被all, some, any, no, little, much等修饰或者先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时All that she lacked was training、She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents、（3）当先行词既有人又有物时They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them、（4）当先行词被the last, the only, the very等修饰时This is the only example that I know、This is one of the very books that I am looking for、（5）当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用thatChina is not the country (that) it was、4 引导定语从句得关系代词常用which不用that得情况（1）关系代词前有介词或介词短语时Galileo built a telescope through which he could study the sky、Here is the book about which I told you yesterday, （2）引导非限制性定语从句时Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world、The weather turned out to be very good, which was better than we could except、（3）当关系代词之后有插入语时Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English、 He wa s always speaking highly of her role in the play which, of course, made the others unhappy、（4）先行词本身就是that时That which is evil is soon learned、坏事易学。
Chapter 2 模块一Unit 1单元语法集训——定语从句的用法◆语法专题考点预览1.定语从句的定义及相关术语2.比较关系代词与关系副词的用法3.“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句（一）定义及相关术语一、定义1．定语从句：修饰某一、或的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：○1连接功能：；○2指代功能：；○3语法功能：在定语从句中。
关系词依其在定语从句中的功能，分为和。
关系代词有等；关系副词有等。
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句1. 限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语。
Those who want to go, please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这儿签名。
2. 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句隔开；翻译时常译成并列的分句。
A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。
This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 这张纸条是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。
请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时，which可以指主句的全部内容，也可以是部分内容，从句只能位于先行词后。
牛津高中英语－模块一第一单元一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词同样，定语从句也能够修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词： The green team介词短语： The team in green定语从句： The team who were wearing green2.定语从句往常由关系代词来指引，如 which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来指引，如when, where, why 。
关系代词能够在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词能够在定语从句中担当状语。
如：做主语 The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语 Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语 She has a brother whose name I can t remember’.做状语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句：关系代词：that ，which ，who，whom，和 whose1.在定语从句中， that 和 which 用来指代物。
eg： This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中， who 用来指代人。
eg： I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当 who 在定语从句中做宾语时，能够用whom 来代替，且 whom 比 who 改正式。
定语从句(一)考情分析定语从句是英语中最为重要的语法，是中国人学习英语的难点之一，也是高考的常客。
其热点考查内容如下：一、在完形填空中通过定语从句考查先行词的选择；在阅读理解中考查对定语从句的理解和与其他各种从句在意义上的转换；三、在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查对关系词的选择根据先行词派生的主谓一致，定语从句的时态等；四、在书面表达中考查通过定语从句给作文润色。
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构，相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词，作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
下面通过两个实例来说明定语从句及其相关成分的分布情况：whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作主语一、关系代词概说关系词在定语从句的构成里起至关重要的作用。
我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法掌握定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。
因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。
也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
关系代词有who, whose,whom,that, which等，用来引导定语从句。
关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫作先行词)。
关系代词图示1.关系代词：who,whom, whose, which,that等。
(1)vho用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
(2)whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。
关系分句&关系词的选择在复合句中起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做关系分句（定语从句），被修饰的词叫做先行词（antececdent)，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与关系分句中间起了连接作用，二是在分句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系分句分为限制性关系分句和非限制性关系分句。
关系词分为关系代词（that, who, whom, which, whose)、关系副词（when, where, when, why)和关系限定词（whose）.具体关系词的选择如下:考虑三个因素（限定性、指人还是指物、充当的成分）一般：who/whom/that指人which/that指物在限制性关系分句中关系词的选择1．thatthat在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语。
如：The eggs that I bought yesterday were not fresh.我昨天买的鸡蛋不新鲜。
I prefer dumplings that have just been cooked.我更喜欢吃刚煮出来的饺子。
指物时that和which可以互换，但下面几种情况通常用that引导定语从句，不能用which。
（l）当先行词有最高级修饰或本身就是最高级时。
如：This book is the most difficult one that I have ever read.这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。
The best that I could do was to apologize.我能做的最好的事情就是道歉。
（2）当先行词有序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时。
如：Here are two students，the third that you want is to come in a minute.这儿有两个学生，你要的第三个学生一会儿就来。
M1定语从句：关系代词、介词提前、关系副词、限制性一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
牛津译林版高一英语上册模块一语法总结一、有关定语从句的一些要点I. 只能用“that”的情况1．先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）We’ll do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can）The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）2．先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时3．先行词既有人又有物时We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.4．引导词在从句中作表语时My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)5．避免重复时Who is the person that you want to see.II. 不能用that 的情况1.介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后Football,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)IV. 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which;作状语, 用where/when/why (往往=“介词+which”)1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which h appened to be her son’s birthday.（作主语）6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)V. as引导的定语从句，which指代一句话/一件事1．the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句):先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用“as”引导★比较：such /so…+名词＋as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整“象／如…的…”) such /so…+名词＋that (状语从句，从句结构完整“如此…以致于…”)Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respectMr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。
定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the book whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【定语从句一P1】，定语从句的定义Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）There is still much homework which we must finish.（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who和whom1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。
