2018年广西民族大学考研真题试题民族学通论(A卷)专业课考试试题

广西民族大学
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A卷科目代码：601科目名称：数学分析
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交
卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、求下列极限（每小题10分，共20分）
（1）
1-cos x
2
lim
x01cos x
；
111
(2）lim ..........
n
n 1n 2n n
二、（15分）设函数f(x)x
m sin
1
x
x
x
（m为正整数），试问：（1）m等于何值时，f在x 0
连续；（2）m等于何值时，f在x 0可导；（3）m等于何值时，f 在x 0连续.
三、（15分）若函数f(x)在区间(a,b)内非负、具有三阶导数，且方程f(x)0有两个相异实根，
则存在(a,b)使得f'''()0.
四、（15分）求曲线x2y2z23x 0,2x 3y 5z 40在点（1，1，1）处的切线方程和
法平面方程.
五、（15分）旋转抛物面z x2y2被平面x y z 1截成一椭园，求原点到这椭园的最长与最
短距离.
六、计算下列积分（每小题10分，共30分）
（1）
sin x cos x
3 dx；。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试试题
【A】卷
科目代码：616科目名称：民族学通论
考生须知
1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。

一、名词解释（每小题5分，共6小题，共30分）
1．本尼迪克特
2．功能学派
3．定点跟踪调查法
4．风俗习惯
5.文化变迁
6.非物质文化
二、简答题（每小题15分，共6小题，共90分）
1．简述什么是文化相对论。

2．简述种族与民族两个概念的区别。

3.简述什么是文化的后得性。

4.简述什么是“深描”。

5.简述什么是经济文化类型。

6.简述什么是定性分析。

三、论述题（每小题30分，共1小题，共30分）
1．十九大报告指出，实施乡村振兴战略。

要坚持农业农村优先发展，按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求，建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系，加快推进农业农村现代化。

请您谈谈在信息化、网络化的互联网时代，如何在民族地区实现乡村产业振兴与文化振兴？
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广西民族大学2018年考研专业课初试真题
广西民族大学
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A卷科目代码：625科目名称：中国科技史
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、名词解释（每小题7分，共5小题，共35分）
1．原始瓷 2.《墨经》 3.沈括 4.徐寿
5.《天工开物》
6.“六齐”
7.炼丹术
二、简答题（从下面4道题中选做3道，每小题15分，共3小题，共45分）
1.简述人类早期火的使用的意义。

2.简述地方志的科学价值。

3.简述宋元时期中外科技交流概况。

4.请列举一项中国古代重大发明，并简述其意义。

三、论述题（从下面3道题中选做2道，每小题35分，共2小题，共70分）
1.从科技史的角度，论述自明代以来西方传教士来华情况及其影响。

2.2017年，文化部、工业和信息化部、财政部制定了《中国传统工艺振兴计划》。

请论述传统工艺与科技史研究的关系，以及科技史学科应如何在振兴传统工艺过程中发
挥它的作用。

3.试论中国古代科学技术体系及其特点。

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精都考研（）——全国100000考研学子的选择。

2018年广西民族大学历史学基础考研真题A卷一、单项选择题（每小题 2 分，共 10 小题，共 20 分）1.炎帝的姓氏是（）。

A.轩辕氏B.神农氏C.伏羲氏D.防风氏2.下面哪一件器物是西周的青铜器？（）A.司母戊大方鼎B.利簋C.四羊方尊D.三星堆摇钱树3.下面哪个人物不属于法家？（）A.韩非子B.商鞅C.申不害D.荀子4.下面哪个港口不是汉代海上丝绸之路的始发港？（）A.日南障塞B.合浦C.徐闻D.连云港5.历史上中原王朝与周边民族政权常以和亲的方式实现和平，其中不属于中原王朝的和亲女性是哪一位？（）A.细君公主B.岐国公主C.文成公主D.金城公主6.中国历史上自南向北实现统一的王朝是（）。

A.汉朝B.唐朝C.宋朝D.明朝7.近代以来中国反击外来侵略取得的第一场战斗的胜利是（）。

A.平型关大捷B.百团大战C.镇南关大捷D.台儿庄战役8.世界历史上，不属于大江大河流域文明的是（）。

A.爱琴文明B.埃及文明C.华夏文明D.哈拉巴文化9.世界历史上进入铁器时代的第一个帝国是（）。

A.波斯帝国B.埃及帝国C.亚述帝国D.赫梯帝国10.一战修正凡尔赛体系后形成的世界新体系称为（）。

A.雅尔塔体系B.布雷顿森林体系C.维也纳体系D.华盛顿体系二、判断题（每小题 2 分，共 10 小题，共 20 分）1.春秋三传是指《左传》《公羊传》《谷梁传》。

（）A.对B.错2.在中国二十五部正史中，“前四史”是指《史记》《汉书》《三国志》《资治通鉴》。

（）A.对B.错3.“三通”是指杜佑《通典》、郑樵《通志》、马端临《文献通考》，标志着我国史学史上一种新史体——典志体的确立。

（）A.对B.错4.宋代的地理总志包括《太平寰宇记》《元丰九域志》《方舆胜览》等。

（）A.对B.错5.《齐民要术》的作者是徐光启。

（）A.对B.错6.乾嘉时期的三大考据学家是指钱大昕、赵翼、章学诚。

（）A.对B.错7.解放战争中，共产党领导的人民军队取得了奇袭阳明堡、中原突围等战斗的胜利。

广西民族大学
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A卷科目代码：629科目名称：东盟研究综合考试科目
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、名词解释（每小题12分，共3小题，共36分）
1.大湄公河次区域合作
2.东南亚汉藏语系民族
3.《东盟宪章》
二、简答题（每小题18分，共3小题，共54分）
1.请简要分析东南亚国家政治体制的多样性
2.请概述东盟发展的几个阶段
3.请简述东南亚小乘佛教文化圈的形成及其基本特点
三、论述题（每小题30分，共2小题，共60分）
1.请阐述近代东南亚文化的特点
2.请论述中国与东南亚的文化交流
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2018年广西民族大学美学史基础考研真题A卷一、名词解释（每小题5分，共6小题，共30分）
1．文质彬彬，然后君子
2.传神写照
3.公安派的性灵说
4．达.芬奇的“镜子”说
5.狄德罗的市民剧
6.审美移情说
二、简答题（每小题15分，共4小题，共60分）1．简述“意境”范畴内涵及其在中国美学史上的发展。

2.简析魏晋时期的人物品藻。

3.简析郎吉弩斯的崇高理论。

4.简析车尔尼雪夫斯基的“美是生活”理论。

三、论述题（每小题30分，共1小题，共30分）
1.分析论述卢梭的浪漫主义思想。

四、分析题（每小题15分，共2小题，共30分）
天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已。

——（《老子》）
故为是举莛与楹,厉与西施,恢恑憰怪,道通为一。

……通天下一气耳。

圣人故贵一。

——（《庄子·齐物论·知北游》）
靥子（酒窝）在颊则好，在颡（额头）则丑。

——（《淮南子·说林训》）
怪石以丑为美，丑到极处，便是美到极处。

一“丑”字中丘壑未易尽也。

——（刘熙载《艺概·书概》）
一“丑”字则石之千态万状，皆从此出。

……所谓一块元气结而石成。

——（《郑板桥集·题画》）
1.结合以上材料分析美学史上“美”与“丑”关系本质的发展。

2.阐述你对“美”与“丑”关系内涵的认识与理解。

2018年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷一、Vocabulary, Grammar and General KnowledgeDirections: Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence.（每小题 2 分，共 30 小题，共 60 分）1. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ______ .A. turbulentlyB. tremendouslyC. triumphantlyD. tentatively2. He said that they had ______ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support.A. gravelyB. regrettablyC. forciblyD. graciously3. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. empiricallyC. exceptionallyD. explicitly4. Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ______.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated5. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories.Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell6. In today’s medical, little agreement exists on the ______for defining mental illness.A. legislationB. requirementC. criteriaD. measures7.The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear signof________.A. impulseB. insanityC. inspirationD. disposition8. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.A. laymenB. servantsC. directorsD. attendants9. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestigeB. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity10. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.A. feastB. congratulationsC. festivalD.recreation11.Lucy ____ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’t decided yet.A. consideredB. had consideredC. is going to considerD. has been considering12. I am surprised ____ the exam is pretty difficult.A. with what you were thinkingB. that you should thinkC. that you would thinkD. by what you are thinking13. It is imperative that you ____ you resignation before Friday.A. handed inB. would hand inC. hand inD. have to hand in14.Which of the following italicized phrases isINCORRECT?A. The car runs twice faster than that truck.B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.C. Rebecca has three times the strength of Lily.D. The coat is sold at double the usual price.15. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what16. In doing experiments, you must be ____ the precision instruments.A. more than careful withB. more careful than withC. careful more than withD. with more careful than17. Little ____ what was upsetting me.A. may he realizeB. he realizesC. he may realizeD. did he realize18. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Being givenB. GivenC. To giveD. Giving19.Many an elderly man ____ willing to continue working after retirement so thattime can be easily killed.A. isB. areC. wereD. be20. It’s no good ____ her. She is such a miser that she won’t spare a penny out.A. to turn toB. turning toC. turn toD. turnedto21.______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speechsounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transportation.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonetictypology22.Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A.Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King LearB.Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, MacbethC.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens23. William Wordsworth is generally known as a ____ poet.A. romanticB. realisticC. naturalisticD. neo-classic24. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ___.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Heart of Darkness25. British prime minister normally serves a ______ term.A. two-yearB. five-yearC. four-yearD. six-year26. __________________________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. New EnglandB. the SouthC. the WestD. the Midwest27. Semantics is the study of ______________________.A. linguistic competenceB. language functionsC. meaningsD. socialbehavior28. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?A. syntaxB. semanticsC. phonologyD. etiology29. TG grammar was advanced by_______________________________.A. SearleB. WhorfC. HallidayD. Noam Chomsky30. The morpheme “scope” in the common word “telescope” is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme二、ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] .You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题 1.5 分，共 20 小题，共 30 分）Our society seems to be gripped with an idea that the media plays a substantial role in the attitudes, behavior and fitness of youth today. If a child beats another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the 1 TV programs which they watch that areto 2 , not the parents or the supervisors who are 3 to be there to make suretheir kids do the right thing.As cliché as it may 4 , it has been rightly said all things have their good as well asbad 5 . In the similar 6 media also has its good as well as bad influence onyouth. Well these were the negative influence of media on youth. Now we focus onthe 7 aspects of media.Media plays a very important role in creating 8 . There are certain issues whichremain 9 among youngsters as they feel guarded concerning it. Media helps inproviding information regarding such topics. There are many such topics that are 10 bythe media. The current one that can be talked about is the quota system in colleges. Mediacreated awareness that how 11 was being done with 12 candidates due toreservations in colleges. There was 13 taken out bystudents in order toobject 14 this bias discrimination.Media being one of the important means to 15 to the masses and influence theirthinking and decision making, only to the positive media cannot attract16 of themasses, and to 17 viewership, negative media has to be18 to balance out andattract the masses, but a 19 has to be drawn between the positive and the negativemedia in the 20 of the younger generation.1. [A] vast [B] bewildering [C] overwhelming[D] violent2. [A] function [B] blame [C] condemn[D] impair3. [A] obliged [B] supposed [C] tempted[D] doomed4. [A] allege [B] claim [C] sound[D] prove5. [A] effects [B] aspects [C] indicators[D] attributes6. [A] method [B] token [C] tendency[D] conduct7. [A] alternative [B] tentative [C] primitive[D] affirmative8. [A] awareness [B] illusion [C] expectation[D] sentiment9. [A] untouched [B] unimaginable [C] unexplained[D] unavailable10. [A] ignored [B] considered [C] highlighted[D] discarded11. [A] prejudice [B] inconsistency [C] injustice[D] distrust12. [A] potential [B] deserving [C] ambitious[D] eloquent13. [A] procession [B] collision [C] indignation[D] friction14. [A] versus [B] despite [C] beyond[D] regarding15. [A] level out [B] get out [C] reach out[D] make out16. [A] attention [B] alert [C] concern [D] intention17. [A] magnify [B] expect [C] expand[D] gain18. [A] mobilized [B] assigned [C] merged[D] incorporated19. [A] comparison [B] distinction [C] line[D] barrier20. [A] benefit [B] interest [C] profit[D] advantage三、Reading Comprehension （每小题 2 分，共 20 小题，共 40 分）PASSAGE ONEIf you found yourself in a cocktail bar with a Neanderthal man, what would he say? A good conversation is one of the great joys of being human, but it is not clear just how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use language stretches. The question of when grunts and yelps turned into words and phrases is a tricky one. One way of trying to answer it is to look in the fossil record for evidence about what modern humanity's closest relatives could do.Svante Pääbo, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, and his colleagues have done just that. Dr Pääbo is an expert in e xtracting and interpreting the DNA of fossils. As he reports in the latest issue of Current Biology, he and his team have worked their magic on a gene called FOXP2 found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain. The reason for picking this particular gene is that it is the only one known so far to have a direct connection with speech. In 1990, a family with an inherited speech disorder known as verbal dyspraxia drew the attention of genetics researchers. Those researchers identified a mutation in FOXP2 as the cause of the dyspraxia.Since then FOXP2 has been the subject of intensive study. It has been linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings of mice. It is a conservative type, not changing much from species to species. But it has undergone two changes since humans split from chimpanzees 6m years ago, and some researchers believe these changes played a crucial role in the development of speech and language.If these changes are common to modern humans and Neanderthals, they must predate the separation of the line leading to Homo sapiens from the one leading to Homo neanderthalensis. Dr Pääbo's research suggests precisely that: the FOXP2 genes from modern humans and Neanderthals are essentially the same. To the extent that the gene enables language, it enables it in both species.There has been much speculation about Neanderthals' ability to speak. They were endowed with a hyoid bone, which anchors the tongue and allows a wide variety of movements of the larynx. Neanderthal skulls also show evidence of a large hypoglossal canal. This is the route taken by the nerves that supply the tongue. As such, it is a requisite for the exquisitely complex movements of speech. Moreover, the inner-ear structure of Homo heidelbergensis, an ancestor of Neanderthals, shows that this species was highly sensitive to the frequencies of sound that are associated with speech.That Neanderthals also shared with moderns the single known genetic component of speech is another clue that they possessed the necessary apparatus for having a good natter. But suggestive as that is, the question remains open. FOXP2 is almost certainly not “the language gene”. Without doubt, it is involved in the control and regulation of the motions of speech, but whether it plays a role in the cognitive processes that must precede talking remains unclear—jokes about engaging brain before putting mouth in gear notwithstanding. The idea that the forebears of modern humans could talk would scupper the notion that language was the force that created modern human culture—otherwise, why would they not have built civilizations? But it would make that chat with a Neanderthal much more interesting.1.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Neanderthal men?[A]they are derived from a branch of early Neanderthals called Homoheidelbergensis.[B]they are existent descendant of Homo neanderthalensis.[C]they are Homo sapiens’s closest relatives.[D]they are officially named Homo neanderthalensis in the academic circle.2.Svante Pääbo and his team c arried out a study on FOXP2 in order to_____[A]trace the appearance and evolution of the speech ability.[B]find out how far back in the hominid lineage the ability to use languagestretches.[C]find evidence proving the gene which controls the motion of speech.[D]identify the crucial changes that had taken place on this gene and the consequent influence.3.The gene of FOXP2 is regarded as a gene with a direct connection with speech because_____[A]it was found in Neanderthal remains from northern Spain.[B]it was found that sudden change of FOXP2 may lead to speech disorder.[C]it was linked to the production of birdsong and the ultrasonic musings ofmice.[D]it does not change much from species to species.4.The word “scupper” (Line 7, Paragraph 6) most probably means _____[A] deny. [B] defeat. [C] demolish. [D] destory.5.From the findings of Dr Pääbo's research it may be inferred that_____[A]FOXP2 is the gene that enables the speech ability in both humans andNeanderthals.[B]the fork separating the line leading to Homo sapiens from that to Homoneanderthalensis is wrong.[C]more important genes should be identified which control speech ability and cognitive process.[D]the establishment of human civilization as a result of language ability mightbe false.PASSAGE TWOBerkeley seems like a fitting place to find the godfather of the open-innovation movement basking in glory. The Californian village was, after all, at the very heart of the anti-establishment movement of the 1960s and has spawned plenty of radical thinkers. One of them, Henry Chesbrough, a business professor at the University of California at Berkeley, observes with a smile that “this is the 40th anniversary of the Summer of Love.”Mr Chesbrough's two books “Open Innovation” and “Open Business Models”have popularised the notion of looking for bright ideas outside of an organisation. As the concept of open innovation has become ever more fashionable, the corporate R&D lab has become decreasingly relevant. Most ideas don't come from there.To see why travel to Cincinnati, Ohio—which is about as far removed culturally from Berkeley as one can get in America. The conservative mid-western city is home to P&G, historically one of the most traditional firms in America. For decades, the company that brought the world Ivory soap, Crest toothpaste and Ariel detergent had a closed innovation process, centred around its own secretive R&D operations.No longer. P&G has radically altered the way it comes up with new ideas and products. It now welcomes and works with universities, suppliers and outside inventors. It also offers them a share in the rewards. In less than a decade, P&G has increased the proportion of new-product ideas originating from outside of the firm from less than a fifth to around half. That has boosted innovation and, says its boss, Mr Lafley, is the main reason why P&G has been able to grow at 6% a year between 2001 and 2006, tripling annual profits to $8.6 billion. The company now has a market capitalization of over $200 billion.IBM is another iconic firm that has jumped on the open-innovation bandwagon. The once-secretive company has done a sharp U-turn and embraced Linux, an open-source software language. IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-innovation community”, yielding hundreds of software patents to the “creative commons” rather than registering them for itself. However, it also continues to take out patents at a record pace in other areas, such as advanced materials, and in the process racks up some $1 billion a year in licensing fees.Since an army of programmers around the world work on developing Linux essentially at no cost, IBM now has an extremely cheap and robust operating system. It makes money by providing its clients with services that support the use of Linux —and charging them for it. Using open-source software saves IBM a whopping $400ma year, according to Paul Horn, until recently the firm's head of research. The company is so committed to openness that it now carries out occasional “online jam sessions” during which tens of thousands of its employees exchange ideas in a mass form of brainstorming.Mr Chesbrough, of course, heartily approves. He gives dozens of other examples of firms doing similar things, ranging from Clorax, a household products firm to Air Products, an industrial gases company. Mr Chesbrough reckons that “IBM and P&G have timed their shift to a high-volume open-business model very well” and that if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble.6. “Summer of Love” is probably _____[A]a religious activity celebrating the open-innovation movement.[B]the anti-establishment movement.[C]a movement advocating the innovation.[D]an activity calling for open innovation.7. According to the passage, the annual profits of P&G in 2001 was about_____[A] $ 2.87 billion. [B] $ 1.075 billion. [C] $ 2.15 billion. [D] $ 4.3 billion.8. IBM now gushes about being part of the “open-innovation community” inthat_____[A]it embraced an open-source software language that is widely supported by the “creative commons”.[B]it endows people inside and outside the company with the access to the software patents it owns.[C]it encourages an extensive public involvement in the development of new software for the company.[D]it indeed whops its cost and gains considerable profit from using Linux.9.IBM could provide its clients with cheap operating system because_____[A] its programmers around the world develop Linux essentially at no cost.[B] it makes money by providing its client with toll services supporting theoperatingsystem instead.[C]it could save a lot of money by using open-source software.[D]it has shifted its R&D outside, which save a lot of money.10.According to the last paragraph, if their competitors do not do the same they will be in trouble because_____[A] their competitors will would lose their market share gradually which would be taken by R&D.[B] they fail to adopt the new model of open business which would pave the way to constant business success.[C] they do not recognize the best time to shift their backwardbusiness model. [D] they will be sifted out by the market as a resultof their conservativeness.PASSAGE THREEIn the cause of equal rights, feminists have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been conveniently overlooked: lifespan. In this area, women have the upper hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not immediately obvious. But the same is true in many other species. From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply can't go the distance. One theory is that males must compete for female attention. That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males, at the expense of longevity. Females are not subject to such pressures. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially noticeable in those species where males compete for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where they do not.To test that idea, Tim Clutton-Brock of Cambridge University and Kavita Isvaran of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengalooru decided to compare monogamous and polygynous species (in the latter, a male monopolizes a number of females). They wanted to find out whether polygynous males had lower survival rates and aged faster than those of monogamous species. To do so, they collected the relevant data for 35 species of long-lived birds and mammals.As they report, the pattern was much as they expected. In 16 of the 19 polygynous species in their sample, males of all ages were much more likely to die during any given period than were females. Furthermore, the older they got, the bigger the mortality gap became. In other words, they aged faster. Males from monogamous species did not show these patterns. The point about polygyny is that if one male has exclusive access to, say, ten females, another nine males will be waiting to topple the harem master as soon as he shows the first sign of weakness. The intense competitive pressure means that individuals who succeed put all their efforts into one or two breeding seasons.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more subtle effect may also be at work. Most students of ageing agree that an animal's maximum lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation, disease, accident and damaging aggression by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in tip-top condition. Those resources should, instead, be devoted to reproduction. And the more threatening the outside world is, the shorter the maximum lifespan should be.There is no reason why that logic should not work between the sexes as well as between species. The test is to identify a species that has made its environment so safe that most of its members die of old age, and see if the difference continues to exist. Fortunately, there is such a species: man. Dr Clutton-Brock reckons that the sex difference in both human rates of ageing and in the usual age of death is an indicator that polygyny was the rule in humanity's evolutionary past—as it stillis, in some places. That may not please some feminists, but it could be the price women have paid for outliving their menfolk.11. The passage is mainly discussing about_____[A]difference in life span between males and females of different species.[B]difference in life span among species of different mating patterns.[C]the reason of why human females outlive their male counterparts.[D]natural selection among males and females during evolution.12.In the sentence “That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males…”, “antlers, aggression and alloy wheels”represent_____[A] the mostexcellent ones. [B]the most powerfulones.[C] the mostattractive ones. [D]the most aggressiveones.13.Which one of the following statement is TRUE of points proved by the test of Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran?[A] Polygamous species have shorter life spans than molygynousspecies. [B] Polygamous species aged faster than thanmolygynous species.[C] Polygamous males decrease faster in number as they growolder. [D] Monogamous males live as long as their females.14.The logic behind the fact that the species living in the most dangerous environment have the shortest lifespan is that_____[A] resources should be devoted to reproduction rather thansustaining life. [B] resources should be used most efficiently.[C] species in the most dangerous environment should not waste the resources.[D] there is no need to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in best condition.15.The test conducted by Tim Clutton-Brock and Kavita Isvaran demostratesthat_____[A] Polygyny was the rule in humanity’s evolutionary past.[B] The sex difference on life span is attributable to humans’ biological pastwhichshould not be denied by feminists.[C]The logic does not work between the sexes as well as between species.[D]It was polygyny that accounts for human females’ general longevity overmales.PASSAGE FOURWith technology leased from the German company Tronical, Gibson has modified its classic Les Paul design to create a guitar that adjusts itself to one of six preset tunings. This is no instrument for beginners. Retailing for between $2,200 and $2,500, the Robot Guitar is courting serious hobbyists and professionals who demand precision tuning, or frequently switch between different tunings and don't want the hassle of lugging multiple instruments around. "It's a cool idea. Nobody likes tuning," concedes Dinosaur Jr. frontman J. Mascis. "But I have to wait for the drummer to rest anyway between songs." Another company, called TransPerformance, sells a similar tuning device that it will install in your nonrobotic guitar for you. But Gibson's is the first out-of-the-box self-tuning ax.It sounds like a minor development in guitar technology, even rather gimmicky. But for an instrument that has barely evolved since the 1950s, the Robot Guitar is nothing short of magic: simply pull out the "master control knob" and strum the guitar. The knob lights up as a computer embedded in the back of the guitar measures each string's pitch. The tuning pegs turn by themselves, making a robotic whirring sound that enhances the wow. The control knob's lights flash blue when your instrument is locked into the tuning you select. If you're so inclined you can override the device and tune manually. But why would you? It takes all of 10 seconds for the Robot Guitar to do its thing—and blow your mind as it hasn't been blown since the first time you heard "Eruption."In an industry that has been flat to sagging, the Robot Guitar could provide a welcome boost to retailers. After 10 years of brisk growth, guitar sales headed south in 2006, according to the April 2007 Music Trades Magazine industry census. Low-end beginner acoustic guitar sales dropped 24.4 percent last year; electric guitars fell 19.1 percent. Certainly there is a dearth of righteous shredding on today's Top 40 radio. And the wildly popular videogame "Guitar Hero" allows even the most tone-deaf nonmusician to simulate the experience of rocking out. Professional musicians account for 15 percent of instrument purchases in the country, according to George Van Horn, a senior analyst at IBISWorld. "Gibson is obviously aiming high, but it's worth chasing" the pros, he says.Judging by all the buzz the Robot Guitar has generated, Gibson won't have a hard time chasing down anyone. "You don't see this kind of excitement often," says Norman Hajjar, the chief marketing officer at Guitar Center, which has stocked 1,000 of the 4,000 Robot Guitars hitting the market nationwide Dec. 7. "They're quite a draw. We let people touch and play with the guitars—they're putting them through their paces. It really charms people." As of Thursday morning, Guitar Center had already taken deposits on roughly a third of the 1,000 Robot Guitars they have in stock.The very fact that "Guitar Hero" and now "Rock Band" are power-chording their way off store shelves this holiday season proves that the dream is alive. The reason that the odious song "Rock Star" is currently ubiquitous has nothing to do with quality songwriting. Truth is, we all want to be rock stars; the videogames and Nickelback's opus get us all a little closer to living the fantasy. But with the Robot Guitar, it's the musicians themselves who have gotten a long overdue leg up.16.By saying “But I have to wait for the drummer to rest anyway between songs”, J. Mascis means_____[A]that he could use this kind of device only when the drummer stops.[B]that he has no necessity or urgency to use the self-turning guitar.[C]that he make use of the self-turning guitar for precision tuning when the drummer takes a break.[D]that he have to wait for the drummer to follow him if he use theself-tuning guitar. 17.The word “override” (Line 7, Paragraph 2) mostprobably means_____[A] shift. [B] close. [C] set aside. [D]disregard.18.Which one of the following statement is NOT true ofguitar sales? [A] Guitar sales have been going up slowlyin the past then years. [B] Guitar sales has witnessed itsswitch to loss of margin in 2006.[C] The fall of guitar sales is due to the drop of purchase by professionalmusicians. [D] Guitar sales are pinched by the development of the musicgames.19.Which one of the following statements is TRUE of George Van Horn’s opinions on the gimmicky?[A] He thinks although Gibson’s plan is worth trying, it should lower itsexpectation. [B] He thinks Gibson’s target group is too narrow and it should expand to larger clients.[C] He thinks Gibson’s idea has its value and future though he thinks too highly of his invention.[D] He thinks Gibson has made right choice in choosing future customers.20.From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that _____[A]guitar videogames will be a threat to the Robot Guitar.[B]the Robot Guitar can not be mentioned in the same breath with “Guitar Hero”and “Rock Bank”.[C]“Guitar Hero” and “Rock Bank” triumphs over the Robot Guitar.[D]“Rock Star” will be defeated by the Robot Guitar.四、Language UsageDirections: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum。

第1页共2页广西民族大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A 卷科目代码：843科目名称：历史学基础考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共10小题，共20分）1.炎帝的姓氏是（）。

A.轩辕氏 B.神农氏 C.伏羲氏 D.防风氏2.下面哪一件器物是西周的青铜器？（）A.司母戊大方鼎 B.利簋 C.四羊方尊 D.三星堆摇钱树3.下面哪个人物不属于法家？（）A.韩非子 B.商鞅 C.申不害 D.荀子4.下面哪个港口不是汉代海上丝绸之路的始发港？（）A.日南障塞 B.合浦 C.徐闻 D.连云港5.历史上中原王朝与周边民族政权常以和亲的方式实现和平，其中不属于中原王朝的和亲女性是哪一位？（）A.细君公主 B.岐国公主 C.文成公主 D.金城公主6.中国历史上自南向北实现统一的王朝是（）。

A.汉朝 B.唐朝 C.宋朝 D.明朝7.近代以来中国反击外来侵略取得的第一场战斗的胜利是（）。

A.平型关大捷 B.百团大战 C.镇南关大捷 D.台儿庄战役8.世界历史上，不属于大江大河流域文明的是（）。

A.爱琴文明 B.埃及文明 C.华夏文明 D.哈拉巴文化9.世界历史上进入铁器时代的第一个帝国是（）。

A.波斯帝国 B.埃及帝国 C.亚述帝国 D.赫梯帝国10.一战修正凡尔赛体系后形成的世界新体系称为（）。

A.雅尔塔体系 B.布雷顿森林体系C.维也纳体系 D.华盛顿体系二、判断题（每小题2分，共10小题，共20分）1.春秋三传是指《左传》《公羊传》《谷梁传》。

（）A.对 B.错2.在中国二十五部正史中，“前四史”是指《史记》《汉书》《三国志》《资治通鉴》。

（）A.对 B.错3.“三通”是指杜佑《通典》、郑樵《通志》、马端临《文献通考》，标志着我国史学史上一种新史体——典志体的确立。

2018年广西民族大学民族学通论考研真题A卷
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、名词解释（每小题10分，共4小题，共40分）
种族主义
“万物有灵论”
马凌诺斯基
进化论学派
二、简述题（每小题20分，共2小题，共40分）
1.简述民族学调查者素质的培养
2.简述产生文化涵化的前提条件
三、论述题（每小题35分，共2小题，共70分）
1.谈谈你读《民族学通论》的感想
2.你认为，在中国西部大开发中应该如何协调各民族之间的关系，如何处理好西部发展与保护少数民族文化的问题。