高级英语unit10词汇,翻译,课后习题

Unit10 Things: The Throw-away Society by Alvin Toffler“Barbie,” a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager, is the best known and best-selling doll in history. Since its introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000—more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Paris. Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable. Mattel, Inc., maker of Barbie, also sells a complete wardrobe for her, including clothes for ordinary daytime wear, clothes for formal party wear, clothes for swimming and skiing.十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是历史上最著名最畅销的洋娃娃，自从1959年问世以来，全世界的芭比娃娃的数量增长到1200,0000人—比洛杉矶，伦敦和巴黎任何一个城市的人口还要多。

小女孩热衷芭比娃娃是因为他很像真的而且可以任意更换衣服，作为芭比娃娃的生产厂家，Mattel公司还出售芭比的整体衣柜，包括日常便装，正式晚装，泳装和滑雪衫。

Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll. The new version has a slimmer figure, “real”eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ever. Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.最近Mattel公司推出一款更高级的芭比娃娃，这个新产品身材更苗条，有仿真睫毛，又可以扭转弯曲的腰肢，所有这些特点使其更加人性化。

1 This day, devoted to the memory of Robert Frost, offers an opportunity for reflection which is prized by politicians as well as by others and even by poets. For Robert Frost was one of the granite figures of our time in America. He was supremely two things—an artist and an American.今天死纪念罗伯特弗罗斯特的日子，同时它提供了一个反思机会，政治家、其他人、甚至诗人都珍视这一天。

因为＊是美国最引人注目的人物之一。

他有两种极端的特质，一个是艺术家，另一个美国人。

2 A nation reveals itself not only by the men it produces, also by the men it honors, the men it re-members.一个国家不仅通过它产生的人来揭示自己，还有这个民族在纪念谁，记得谁。

3 In America our heroes have customarily run to men of large accomplishments. But today this college and country honors a man whose contribution was not to our size but to our spirit; not to our political beliefs but to our insight; not to our self-esteem, but to our self-comprehension.在美国，我们的英雄通常都是追求成就的人。

Unit10震撼世界的审判达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。

“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。

要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。

”“《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。

这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。

”由克拉伦斯•达罗和达德雷•费尔德•马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。

Unit 13大不列颠望洋兴叹然而，如今英国的这一至关重要的产业正面临着空前严重的危机。

几乎在世界上所有的主要航海线上，英国商业船队都有被强劲的外国竞争对手挤出去的危险。

船主们担心这些大臣优先考虑的是拯救英国的奄奄一息的造船厂，而不是如何拯救英国的商船队。

英国的造船厂目前正为波兰制造着24艘轮船。

波兰人之所以倾向于英国是因为受到英国为他们提供2 800万英镑的资助款这一厚赠以及英国造船商将负责为他们筹集所有的贷款这一承诺的引诱。

所以，当我国商船队正受到共产党国家商船的威胁的同时，我们的政府却在用英国纳税人的钱来帮助他们降低造船成本。

而那些规模较小的海运公司却没有足够的财力来从事多样化经营，它们面临着破产的命运。

一旦这些海运公司破产，英国有限的几个值得保留的传统产业的一大部分也会随之消亡。

Unit3有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。

我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。

猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。

Unit10课后练习答案Unit 10 A Debt to DickensText comprehensionI. AII.T; F; F; T; F; F.III. 1. Refer to Para.2.2. Refer to Para.3.3. Refer to Para.4 and 5.4. Refer to Para.6.5. Refer to Para.6.IV.1. With shy, bitter smiles on her face, she tolerated th e farm folks’ mocking, yet kind laughter as they looked at her yellow, curling hair and blue eyes. T o them, she understood, she looked exotically strange.2. Her parents were so busy that they hardly had any time to attend to her.3. She was too short to get hold of the dusty, blue books on the high shelf.4. She read from page to page an old edition of the novels, printed in small letters, and found the friends she could play with.5. Her untiring parents were still working very hard while all the rest people at home were asleep.Structural analysis of the text1. The first-person narration allows the writer to bring her personal experiences, to express her feelings or insert her own opinions easily, which are more likely to involve and affectreaders. The third-person narration reminds readers to recognize the events as memories in the remote past so as to arouse a sense of aging.2. The first paragraph states that Charles Dickens rendered an inestimable service to the writer while the last paragraph states that his influence cannot be lost and became a part of the writer, echoing that in the first paragraph.Part I. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase1. long= for a long time2. longed = wanted / desired / be eager (to do) 渴望做3. picture = imagine4. in great peril = in great danger 处于危险之中5. pious mouthing of unctuous words = allegiant words with fake sincerity6. saw everything black and white = saw / viewed / interpreted all things as either right or wrong 认为什么事情都是非对即错II.1. alien;2. beyond the reach of;3. winding;4. voracious;5. dip into;6. obligation;7. in peril;8. heed;9. indecision; 10. zest.III. Word comparison1.gratitude / thanking / thank2.solitary = lonely / lone / isolated; alone—only one, happy or unhappy3.burst into + n. / burst out + v.ing / burst in: to interrupt something, to enter / burst forth4.linger: 逗留/ wander: 漫游/ haunt: 鬼魂出没/ loaf: 游手好闲5.dip into: 浏览/ dig into: 钻研/ probe into: 探究/ explore (into)6.resolve: 决心，决定/ solve: 解决/ involve: 涉及/ revolve: 旋转7.make off: 跑开/ make at：扑向/ make away: 逃走（后面一般不带短语into…）拿走（make away with…）/ make out: 辨明，弄懂8. on hand: 在手头，在手边（等着做）/ out of hand：立刻，失去控制，不合时宜/ in hand: 在手中（正在做），落入某人手里/ by hand: 用手做成的，人工完成/IV.1: a. foreign; b. foreign; c. alien; d. alien.2: a. decline; b. descended; c. descended; d. declining.3: a. people; b. folk; c. Folk; d. peoples.4: a households; b. households; c. homes; d. home.V. Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1.Synonyms: invaluable, matchless, precious2. Antonyms: sociable, accompanied, collective3.Synonyms: unreliable, untrustworthy4. Antonyms: full, plenty, abundant5. Synonyms: attention, notice, regard6. Antonyms: ascend, rise, arise7. Synonyms: stay, remain8.Antonyms: native, familiar, localVI. Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.1. Tip: obligation n. duty任务，义务Key: You have the legal obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education.2. Tip: immense adj. huge 巨大的Key: They spent a surprisingly immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.3. Tip: descend v. move downward 下降Key: Sorry to descend on you like this, but we had no time to phone.4.Tip: straighten v. make straight 弄直straighten up make clean 弄干净Key: Mark and I managed to straighten up the house before our parents got home.5. Tip: wretched adj. poor, miserable 可怜不幸的Key: I think I must be coming down with flue —I’ve been feeling wretched all day.6. Tip: resolve v. decide 决心Key: The government resolved to take further actions against corruption.7. Tip: missionary adj. related to religious mission 与传教有关的，有使命的Key: The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with missionary zeal.8. Tip: hypocrisy n. insincerity 伪善，虚伪Key: There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s mere hypocrisy.Part II. Grammar ExercisesI.1. had been cut;2. was traveling;3. was told;4. be opened;5. was climbing;6. was composed;7. were made;8. will have been sold.II．1. … could be understood by anyone…2. … is being pulled down.3. … wa s studied by Darwin.4. … is not going to be completed…5. … could no longer be described as …6. … being stared at.7. … was brought up against…8. … was laid … by the author.9. It is rumored…10. … is going to be completed…III.… was discovered by …. Later the new continent was explored and colonized by …. The native civilisations were eventually destroyed by … and America was transformed into … in fact, English, Sp anish, Portuguese and French are nowadays used as ….1. He is believed to have…2. This engine is claimed to be…3. You are expected to work…4. He is understood to have been in poor…5. He is known to be a good teacher.6. The ship is supposed to have…7. You are known to have been…8. Both sides are said to have…V. Join the two sentences into one, using the words and phrases given.1. You will hurry up. You will miss the bus.You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.2. As…, ….3. … so ….4. No one is against the proposal. We will adopt the proposal.Since no one is against the proposal, we will adopt it.5. …, though….6. The train had left. I reached the station.I didn’t reach the station until after the train had left.7. … before….8. … when….VI. An infinite phrase to indicate result.He rushed into the room, only to find there was not a single soul there.Part III. Translation exercisesI.1. 债务一般是负担，但这绝对不是普通的债务，因此也不是负担，只不过是深藏在心中不吐不快的那种热忱感激之情。

第十课 The Trial that Rocked the World目录一、词汇(V ocabulary)--------------------------------------------------------------------------1二、课文解释------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5三、补充练习及答案--------------------------------------------------------------------------22一、词汇(Vocabulary)sweltering ( adj.): that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热----------------------------------------------------------------------------------counsel ( n.): a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------silver-tongued ( adj.): eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------orator ( n.): a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家----------------------------------------------------------------------------------jury ( n.): a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团----------------------------------------------------------------------------------erupt ( v．): burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clash ( n.): a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fundamentalism ( n.): religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legislature ( n.): a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prohibit ( v．): refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准----------------------------------------------------------------------------------legality ( n.) : quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law 合法性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------indict ( v．) : accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prosecute (v．) : institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------festoon ( v．) : adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sprout (v．) : grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rickety ( adj.) : 1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------evangelist ( n.) : anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------exhort ( v．) : urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc．规劝，劝告，劝戒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------infidel ( n.) : a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------paunchy ( adj. ) : [derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------attorney ( n.) : any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer) (被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shrewd ( adj.) : keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------magnetic ( adj.) : powerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc．)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------steep ( v．) : immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------agnostic ( n.) : a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------growl (v．) : complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说----------------------------------------------------------------------------------spar ( v. ) : wrangle or dispute争论；争吵----------------------------------------------------------------------------------drawl ( v．) : speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bigotry ( n.) : the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rampant ( adj. ) : spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------faggot ( n.) : a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把----------------------------------------------------------------------------------contaminate ( v．) : make impure，infected，corrupt，etc．使感染，传染，毒害----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mammal ( n.) : any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snort ( v．) : wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------denounce ( v．) : condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sonorous ( adj. ) : having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------reconcile ( adj. ) : settle(a quarrel，etc．)or compose(a difference，etc．)调解；调和；使一致；使相符----------------------------------------------------------------------------------divine ( adj. ) : given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fervour ( n.) : great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------arena ( n.) : any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所----------------------------------------------------------------------------------prairie ( n.) : a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scorch (v．) : char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pop ( v．) : [colloq．]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到----------------------------------------------------------------------------------duel ( n.) : any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hush ( n.) : absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默----------------------------------------------------------------------------------adjourn ( v. ) : close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期----------------------------------------------------------------------------------swarm (v．) : be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hawker ( n.) : a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩----------------------------------------------------------------------------------entrepreneur ( n.) : [Fr．]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking．assumingthe risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ape ( n.) : any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ponder ( v．) : weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑----------------------------------------------------------------------------------cower ( v．) : shrink and tremble，as from someone's anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sulphurous ( adj.) : violently emotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dispatch ( n.) : a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc．，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------yokel ( n.) : [a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子----------------------------------------------------------------------------------perch ( v．) : alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高处----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gawk ( v．) : stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视----------------------------------------------------------------------------------wily ( adj.) : full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------repel ( v．) : drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住----------------------------------------------------------------------------------fervent ( adj.) : having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Genesis ( n.) : the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------snigger ( n.) : a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑----------------------------------------------------------------------------------twirl (v．) : rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------serpent ( n.) : a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------livid ( adj.) : grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------slur ( n.) : any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone's reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc．诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gavel ( n.) : a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention orsilence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌----------------------------------------------------------------------------------quell ( v．) : crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hubbub ( n.) : a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------forlorn (adj.) : abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornly adv．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------verdict ( n.) : the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial 裁定；判决----------------------------------------------------------------------------------conviction ( n.) : a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于例：She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。

Lesson Ten The Trial That Rocked the World词汇注释：sweltering adj. being uncomfortably hot; suffering from the heat 热得难受的例：a sweltering climate 闷热的气候counsel n. a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court. 辩护律师，法律参谋例：The court heard the counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。

silver-tongued adj. eloquent, persuasive 雄辩的，有口才的orator n. person who makes formal speeches in public; person who is good at public speaking.演说者，演说家例：a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家nominee n.person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc. 被提名的候选人，被任命之人testify v. give evidence; declare as a witness, esp. in court 提供证据，作证例：The teacher testified to the boy’s honesty. 老师证明那孩子很老实。

/Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利，另一个人的对她有利。

同义词：verify, confirm, proveverify指通过调查或者与可弄清的事实的比拟来证明某事是对的，如：The driver’s report of the accident was verified by eye-witnesses.〔这位司机的事故报告由目睹者加以证实。

Unit 10 A Debt to DickensText comprehensionI. AII.T; F; F; T; F; F.III. 1. Refer to Para.2.2. Refer to Para.3.3. Refer to Para.4 and 5.4. Refer to Para.6.5. Refer to Para.6.IV.1. With shy, bitter smiles on her face, she tolerated th e farm folks’ mocking, yet kind laughter as they looked at her yellow, curling hair and blue eyes. To them, she understood, she looked exotically strange.2. Her parents were so busy that they hardly had any time to attend to her.3. She was too short to get hold of the dusty, blue books on the high shelf.4. She read from page to page an old edition of the novels, printed in small letters, and found the friends she could play with.5. Her untiring parents were still working very hard while all the rest people at home were asleep.Structural analysis of the text1. The first-person narration allows the writer to bring her personal experiences, to express her feelings or insert her own opinions easily, which are more likely to involve and affect readers. The third-person narration reminds readers to recognize the events as memories in the remote past so as to arouse a sense of aging.2. The first paragraph states that Charles Dickens rendered an inestimable service to the writer while the last paragraph states that his influence cannot be lost and became a part of the writer, echoing that in the first paragraph.Part I. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase1. long= for a long time2. longed = wanted / desired / be eager (to do) 渴望做3. picture = imagine4. in great peril = in great danger 处于危险之中5. pious mouthing of unctuous words = allegiant words with fake sincerity6. saw everything black and white = saw / viewed / interpreted all things as either right or wrong 认为什么事情都是非对即错II.1. alien;2. beyond the reach of;3. winding;4. voracious;5. dip into;6. obligation;7. in peril;8. heed;9. indecision; 10. zest.III. Word comparison1.gratitude / thanking / thank2.solitary = lonely / lone / isolated; alone—only one, happy or unhappy3.burst into + n. / burst out + v.ing / burst in: to interrupt something, to enter / burst forth4.linger: 逗留/ wander: 漫游/ haunt: 鬼魂出没/ loaf: 游手好闲5.dip into: 浏览/ dig into: 钻研/ probe into: 探究/ explore (into)6.resolve: 决心，决定/ solve: 解决/ involve: 涉及/ revolve: 旋转7.make off: 跑开/ make at：扑向/ make away: 逃走（后面一般不带短语into…）拿走（make away with…）/ make out: 辨明，弄懂8. on hand: 在手头，在手边（等着做）/ out of hand：立刻，失去控制，不合时宜/ in hand: 在手中（正在做），落入某人手里/ by hand: 用手做成的，人工完成/IV.1: a. foreign; b. foreign; c. alien; d. alien.2: a. decline; b. descended; c. descended; d. declining.3: a. people; b. folk; c. Folk; d. peoples.4: a households; b. households; c. homes; d. home.V. Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1.Synonyms: invaluable, matchless, precious2. Antonyms: sociable, accompanied, collective3.Synonyms: unreliable, untrustworthy4. Antonyms: full, plenty, abundant5. Synonyms: attention, notice, regard6. Antonyms: ascend, rise, arise7. Synonyms: stay, remain8.Antonyms: native, familiar, localVI. Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.1. Tip: obligation n. duty任务，义务Key: You have the legal obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education.2. Tip: immense adj. huge 巨大的Key: They spent a surprisingly immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.3. Tip: descend v. move downward 下降Key: Sorry to descend on you like this, but we had no time to phone.4.Tip: straighten v. make straight 弄直straighten up make clean 弄干净Key: Mark and I managed to straighten up the house before our parents got home.5. Tip: wretched adj. poor, miserable 可怜不幸的Key: I think I must be coming down with flue —I’ve been feeling wretched all day.6. Tip: resolve v. decide 决心Key: The government resolved to take further actions against corruption.7. Tip: missionary adj. related to religious mission 与传教有关的，有使命的Key: The young English teacher thought so highly of poetry that he taught it with missionary zeal.8. Tip: hypocrisy n. insincerity 伪善，虚伪Key: There’s one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it’s mere hypocrisy.Part II. Grammar ExercisesI.1. had been cut;2. was traveling;3. was told;4. be opened;5. was climbing;6. was composed;7. were made;8. will have been sold.II．1. … could be understood by anyone…2. … is being pulled down.3. … was studied by Darwin.4. … is not going to be completed…5. … could no longer be described as …6. … being stared at.7. … was brought up against…8. … was laid … by the author.9. It is rumored…10. … is going to be completed…III.… was discovered by …. Later the new continent was explored and colonized by …. The native civilisations were eventually destroyed by … and America was transformed into … in fact, English, Sp anish, Portuguese and French are nowadays used as ….1. He is believed to have…2. This engine is claimed to be…3. You are expected to work…4. He is understood to have been in poor…5. He is known to be a good teacher.6. The ship is supposed to have…7. You are known to have been…8. Both sides are said to have…V. Join the two sentences into one, using the words and phrases given.1. You will hurry up. You will miss the bus.You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.2. As…, ….3. … so ….4. No one is against the proposal. We will adopt the proposal.Since no one is against the proposal, we will adopt it.5. …, though….6. The train had left. I reached the station.I didn’t reach the station until after the train had left.7. … before….8. … when….VI. An infinite phrase to indicate result.He rushed into the room, only to find there was not a single soul there.Part III. Translation exercisesI.1. 债务一般是负担，但这绝对不是普通的债务，因此也不是负担，只不过是深藏在心中不吐不快的那种热忱感激之情。

Unit10GlobalizationWord Bankalienation: a turning away; estrangement疏远，疏离altitude: the height of a thing above a reference level高度，海拔assemble: to bring or call together into a group or whole召集bureaucrat: an official of a bureaucracy官僚collaboration: the act of working with another or others on a joint project协作commission: a group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions调查团commoditize: to make sth. bear the feature of being a commodity商品化commodity: something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage日用品，商品concrete: of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance具体的，实际的converge: to tend toward or approach an intersecting point汇聚destructive: causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous破坏，破坏性的dismantling: the act of taking apart or tearing down拆开，分解embassy: a building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff大使馆embolden: to foster boldness or courage in使大胆，使有胆量exclusion: the act or practice of excluding 排除flattening: being flat扁平的gang: a group of criminals or hoodlums帮派grievance: a feeling of resentment or injustice at having been unfairly treated抱怨；委屈hateful: feeling or showing hatred憎恨的instrument: a means by which something is done; an implement手段；工具invisible: impossible to see; not visible看不见的minimize: to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree最小化outsource: to buy in (components for a product) rather than manufacture them外界供应oyster: any of several edible bivalve mollusks牡蛎potential: capable of being but not yet in existence潜在的，可能的refuge: a place providing protection or shelter庇护所reservation: the act of reserving保留restriction: the act of restricting限带，限定retiree: one who has retired from active working life退休者spot: a place of relatively small and definite limits场所；地点stimulate: to excite (a nerve, organ, etc.) with a stimulus刺激；激发summon: to call together召集；召唤swarm: to move in or form a large number成群移动或出现unlock: to undo or set free打开；释放utmost: of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme极度的，最大的versus: against与……相对warp: to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape扭曲Phrases and Expressionsbring about: to cause to happen造成bring down: to cause to fall打倒，击落draw up: to prepare a draft of (a legal document) 草拟look through: to examine查阅；审校reflect on: to think over思考；反省Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. It is concluded in the article that 11/9 and 9/11 are different in that __C___.A. 11/9 brought down a wall and 9/11 opened the windows of the worldB. 11/9 brought down the World Trade Center and 9/11 put up new invisible wallsC. 11/9 represented the creative imagination and 9/11 represented the destructive imaginationD. 11/9 unlocked half the planet and 9/11 made the citizens potential partners and competitors2. According to the article, what might be the cause(s) of 11/9? ( D )A. Hundreds of East Germans sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary.B. The East German government gave in to the pressure built up by the escape of more than thirteen thousand East Germans.C. Eastern Europeans looked forward to walking out from behind the Iron Curtain and engage with a flattening world.D. All of the above.3. "We were the only superpower, and the world was our oyster" (Para. 4) Here "oyster" infers that __B__.A. the world itself provides a shelter for AmericansB. people in America could enjoy supreme freedom so as to get everything they want from lifeC. Americans feel to be playing a significant role in the whole worldD. America is a paradise of liberty and freedom4. Why could imagination never be commoditized according to the article? ( B )A. Because imagination is too important to be commoditized.B. Because imagination is too individualized to be commoditized.C. Because it is extremely tough for imagination to be commoditized under a near total monopoly of power.D. Because it is of no value at all to commoditize imagination.5. It can be inferred from what Irving Wladawsky Berger says that ___A__.A. positive imagination could possibly ease the danger from individuals even without the instruments of a stateB. focus on productive outcomes could advance and unite civilizationC. peaceful imagination could minimize alienation and celebrate interdependenceD. stimulating positive imagination is of the utmost importanceII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.The past decade and a half witnessed how the world went (1) flat, which is characterized by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11.The creative (2) imagination of 11/9 led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and helped citizens around the globe to join together in business and trade. In the mean time, the (3) destructive imagination of 9/11 brought down the World Trade Center, throwing the world into chaos and panic.Eleven-nine arose from a simple event in which hundreds of East Germans sought (4) refuge at the West German (5) embassy in Hungary in July 1989. As a result, Hungary decided to lift the (6) restrictions on the passage to Austria, which made it possible for thousands of East Germans to (7) escape to Austria and thus to West Germany. The impending (8) pressure drove the East German government to (9) remove travel ban. Thus on 11/9/89, East Germans gathered to break down the Berlin Wall.However, 9/11 changed the way in which the world got flattened peacefully and positively. Bin Laden and his gang might have plotted to hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right (10) spot. Unfortunately, September 11, 2001 turned out to be day that the terrorists had their destructive imagination materialized.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. Some animals get confused when seeing their __B___ a mirror.A. inflectionB. reflectionC. convictionD. nutrition2. Memory can be profoundly ___A__ by subsequent experience.A. shapedB. shippedC. shiftedD. sharpened3. We received many clever and ___C__ entries in our children's painting contest.A. initiativeB. inductiveC. imaginativeD. informative4. This dress was sewn by my mother carefully and the stitches are almost ___D__.A. incredibleB. impossibleC. insatiableD. invisible5. Many businesses with growth __B___ fail to raise enough funds because they lack investment readiness.A. essentialB. potentialC. utensilD. spatial6. Countless small streams ___A__ to form a large river.A. convergeB. divergeC. submergeD. infringe7. These pills should help to ___C__ the pain.A. increaseB. leaseC. easeD. abuse8. A big ___B__ of bees started following Claire who ran away terrified.A. swimB. swarmC. warmD. swam9. During the pregnancy, it's normal to gain weight, but I __B___ ballooned up.A. initiativelyB. literallyC. laterallyD. lastly10. His __C___ is to dedicate himself to the service of his country.A. hatredB. educationC. mottoD. religionII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.represent realize innocent commodity availablethreaten stimulate minimal suspect reserverestrict center alien grieve lock1. Public health officials now say the disease is under control and is, not a public health threat.2. Don't worry. Your loyalty is above any suspicion.3. For the past 10 years, many technologies that we have been using reached wide scale adoption and thus essentially have become commoditized.4. Life saving care used to be unavailable to women giving birth, particularly in rural areas.5. If you prove your innocence you can be free.6. I think we can minimize the problem, so it isn't worth fussing about.7. These inscriptions are keys with which we unlock the secrets of ancient Egypt.8. I'd like to change my reservation in your hotel.9. Power without restriction is vulnerable to corruption.10. Your kindness was a consolation to me in my grief.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.9/11造成的污染让约40万人的健康受到严重伤害。