20地下工程专业英语 (2)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专着monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical?engineering岩土工程?2.foundation?engineering基础工程3.soil,?earth土4.soil?mechanics土力学cyclic?loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基?viscous?damping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量?5.soil?dynamics土动力学6.stress?path应力路径?7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geote chnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles 钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专着monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical?engineering岩土工程?2.foundation?engineering基础工程3.soil,?earth土4.soil?mechanics土力学?????????cyclic?loading周期荷载?unloading卸载?reloading再加载?viscoelastic?foundation粘弹性地基?viscous?damping粘滞阻尼?shear?modulus剪切模量?5.soil?dynamics土动力学6.stress?path应力路径?7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geote chnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’ｓlaw 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔。

Unit 1 Basic GeologyLesson1 GeologyPhysical GeologyMineralogy 矿物学petrology岩石学geomorphology 地磁学geophysics 地球物理学geochemistry 地球化学sedimentology 沉积学structural geology构造地质学economic geology经济地质学Historical GeologyPaleontology 古生物学stratigraphy 地层学paleogeography古地理学Precambrian前寒武纪Paleozoic古生代Mesozoic中生代Cenozoic新生代Lesson6 Geologic Time ScaleLate Late Permian 晚二叠世晚期proterozoic元古代后缀gene为纪，后缀cene为世，后缀zoic为代。

Paleogene古近纪mass extinctions大灭绝Cretaceous白垩纪nonmarine陆相Eons宙eras代periods纪epochs世ages期Extent地理分布Paleozoic：Permian二叠Carboniferous石炭Devonian泥盆Silurian志留超群super—group 群group 组formation 段member 亚段sub-member岩石lithology chronology年代Lesson 8 RocksAggregation集合Rock is aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of minerals forming the Earth's crust.Perology 岩石igneous火成的sedimentary沉积的metamorphic变质的Igneous Rocks火成岩Solidification岩石固结成岩作用volcanic neck火山颈pyroclastics火山灰stock岩株Extrusive rocks 喷出岩intrusive rocks 侵入岩dacite英安岩basalt 玄武岩andesite安山岩texture结构grains颗粒Metamorphic RocksMarble大理岩quartzite石英massive块状subject to承受于foliation片理slaty cleavage板状解理schist片岩mica云母hornblende schist角闪石gneiss石英Regional metamorphic rocks区域变质岩shearing stress剪切力hydrostatic stress静水压力Contact metamorphic rocks 接触变质岩ingeous intrusion火山侵入体Cataclastic or dynamic metamorphic动力变质岩Burial metamorphic rocks 埋藏变质岩brutal history 埋藏史Lesson 14 Classification of Sedimentary RocksHydrocarbon=petroleum=oil+gasDerived from生于，来源于Grains颗粒dissolved into溶解成weathering风化作用erosion溶蚀作用(wind，waves，rivers ）compaction压实作用recrystallization重结晶cementation胶结作用Ultimately 最后的Detrital碎屑的biogenic生物的chemical化学的devise to设计pigeonhole分类exclusively独有的organism 生物iron formation铁沉积层artificial人工的salient 主要的detrial sedimentary 碎屑岩clasts碎屑discrete不连续terrigenous陆源碎屑erode 剥蚀debris碎屑weathering site搬运区gravel砾sand砂mud泥depositional basin沉积盆地intrabasinal盆内rework再改造contemporaneous同期ooide鲕粒shale板岩siltstone粉砂岩laminae页理ciliciclastic 硅质碎屑lithification岩石化cementation胶结subcategory次级分类conglomerates砾岩distinguish lecture杰出讲师some大约sandstone砂岩turbudite浊积岩framework grains 颗粒骨架debris flow碎屑流pore space孔隙matrix杂基matrix porosity 基质clast碎屑precipitate沉淀deposit沉积saturation饱和度metabolism新陈代谢precipitate骨骼carbonate盐oil shale油母页岩kerogen干酪根extramarital婚外的intracratonic内克拉通盆地extra basinal盆外的methane甲烷paraffins石蜡intraclasts 内碎屑shield地盾(无覆盖层）platform地台carbonate rock台地碳酸盐limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩calcite方解石restricted platform局限台地toilet tissue手纸facial tissue面巾nonorganic无机dissolution溶解dissolve溶解saturation饱和halite食盐evaporate 蒸发岩anhydrite硬石膏gypsum石膏brines盐水evaporate蒸发iron formations 铁沉积层Phanerozoic显生宙ironstones铁沉积岩salnity含盐度nevertheless不过clastic（fragmental）sediments沉积物pyroclastic火山碎屑的volcaniclastic火山碎屑terrigenous陆源source rock原岩glass shards玻屑meteoritic陨石extraterrestrial星体的velocity 速度cataclastic碎裂的coarse—grained粗粒angular 棱角状restricted extent分布局限landslides滑脱caverns溶洞（大的) cavity溶孔pore孔隙conglomerate砾岩breccias角砾岩fracture zones裂缝带crumple起皱fragment破碎texture结构fine grained细粒coarse粗的medium中等粒径thirckly—bedded ss 厚层砂岩massive块状mudstone泥岩fluvial=river braided辨状河lake湖permeability渗透率sorting分选poorly-sorted分选差well-sorted分选好thin section薄片seismic section地震剖面rounding磨圆porosity孔隙度micro—macro- stratification层理flat surface平的bedding plane 层面Aeolian dune风成沙丘glacial冰川gravels砾pebbles（4～8cm）砾stratified分层的coral珊瑚limestone灰岩clastic碎屑diagenesis成岩作用alluvial冲积扇turbidite浊积岩delta三角洲abyssal fan 深海barrier inland障壁岛lagoon泻湖levy 天然堤flood plain泛滥平原splay决口扇dessert甜点splay斜面rifting破裂Lesson 17 Sedimentary Environments and FaciesSubtle（trap）隐蔽圈闭adjacent相邻的submarine海底的parameters参数variation 变化subtle微小的subaqueous水下的catchment area集水区terrestrial陆相的fauna 动物flora植物overgraze过度defoliation落叶deforestation采伐森林overcultivation 过度耕种catastrophic灾难性的erosion剥蚀moderating缓解skeleton骨架Lowliest低级aquilibrium平衡consensus共识Glacial冰的tilate 冰碛物fluvial河流的lacustrine湖泊的paludal沼泽Delta三角洲estuary 河口lagoon泻湖tidal潮泙barrier bar障壁坝Neritic浅海bathyal半深海abyssal深海realms域Basin and range coupling盆山耦合Cliffed coastlines 悬崖海岸线submarine canyons海底峡谷current-scoured shelves水冲浊蚀大陆架subaqueous水下沉积物sedimentary cover沉积盖层nondeposition沉积间断peneplanes 准平原weathering profiles风化剖面Attribute属性，归属于frequency频率seismic impendence波阻抗lateral侧向stratigraphic unit地层单元metamorphic rocks变质岩Delta plain，delta front，prodeltaDistributary channel分支河道mouth bar河口坝sub—tidal潮下inter-tidal潮间supra —tidal潮上sub—salt盐下supra-salt盐上paleontologic古生物的paleontology古生物学reef facies生物礁相tidal flat facies潮坪相petrology岩石学shoreface facies滨岸相tidalite潮积相criteria标准feminist女权主义者assistant助理point—bar facies点沙坝insulting侮辱spectrum范围，光谱geometry几何foreshore滨前相backshore 滨后相demonstration演示arkosic sandstone长石质砂岩setting背景lithiarenite岩屑砂岩braid bar辨状河心滩dolomitization白云岩化outcrop露头subsurface:core岩心side core井壁取心drilling cutting钻井岩屑Lesson 23 FoldsUndulated bends波状弯曲laminated strata成层状岩石stratigraphy地层学defame诽谤plastic deformation塑性变形the surface of unconformity角度不整合disconformity平行不整合basement基底vertical垂直的the continental Earth's crust大陆地壳Massive composition大块岩体tension应力状态endogenic processes 内营力作用the dislocation rocks岩石的变形alternation互层morphology形态morphological形态学the genetic classification成因分类supplementary互补的properties特征the morphological classification形态学分类the position of axial surface轴面产状Symmetrical folds对称褶皱asymmetrical folds不对称褶皱inclined folds倾斜褶皱overturned folds倒转褶皱inverted folds翻转褶皱recumbent folds平卧褶皱fan扇形blunt钝的normal fold正常褶皱isoclinal folds等斜褶皱fan—shaped folds 扇形褶皱sharp folds尖棱褶皱blunt folds钝状褶皱coffer（box)folds箱状褶皱thickness厚的Limestone石灰岩rockunit页岩sandstone砂岩supra tidal潮汐sub在下面的subsurface地下Similar folds相似形褶皱concentric folds同心状褶皱anticlinal folds背斜形褶皱synclinal folds向斜形褶皱linear folds线状褶皱brachy-formed fold短轴褶皱dome—shaped fold 穹窿状褶皱folds of the oval shape椭圆形褶皱the cross dimensions纵横维度bowl—like folds似碗状褶皱elevated提起through沟，槽hinges枢纽the axial line轴线go round 转动periclinal closure穹窿状闭合the core of the folds褶皱核部Lesson 24 FaultsFracture裂缝offset错位joint解理plate margins板块边缘dissipated释放geometry 几何学geometrical几何的exploitation剥削crucial关键的Reserve资源earthquake hazards地震灾害ruptures断裂，破裂fissures裂缝distinct 清晰adjoining邻近的dip-slip faults 倾滑断层strike-slip faults走滑断层hanging wall 上盘footwall下盘up-thrown block上升盘down-thrown block下降盘conjugate共轭Elaborate讨论morphological形态学genetic成因学grabens地垒shear zone剪切带brittle fault脆性断层vertical垂向的normal faults正断层reverse faults逆断层shear faults剪切断层gaping faults张开断层overthrusts逆冲断层napples推覆体Map（从平面上来看）cross-section剖面right右left左subsurface 地下transtensional 扭张的faulting断层活动transcompressional扭压Lesson 41 Sedimentary basinsPassive margin basin intracratonic foreland pull—apart basin走滑盆地deposition沉积tectono-stratigraphy构造层序stratigraphic package层系sequence层序succession层系Basin analysis integrated basin studies盆地综合研究basin fill盆地充填subsidence沉积Oil：generation生expulsion排migration运accumulation聚集（油气藏油气田）pre —rift裂前盆地syn—rift post-rift sagging rift basin裂谷盆地foreland basin前陆盆地back—arc basin弧后盆地fore-arc superimposed basin 叠合盆地anastomosed网状underlie 在…下面overlie 在…上面compressional 压性盆地polyhistory basin多历史的盆地hydrocarbons油气intervening盆地之间igneous岩浆岩metamorphic变质岩cornerstone基石traps圈闭acreage区块acre鹦鹉footage钻井进尺Drillable可钻prospect远景fairways区带with reference to参照genesis成因evolution演化chapter章section章节syncline向斜pene准peneplain准平原mountain chain山链dedolomitization去白云岩化dolomite白云岩。

1 1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering2 1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method3 1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering4 1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics5 1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics6 1. 综合类土"soil, earth"7 1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics8 1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics9 1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering10 1. 综合类应力路径stress path11 1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method12 2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock13 2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration14 2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit15 2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit16 2. 工程地质及勘察残积土"eluvial soil, residual soil"17 2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding18 2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar19 2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock20 2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water21 2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral22 2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age23 2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map24 2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater25 2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault26 2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure27 2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration28 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit29 2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit30 2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite31 2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide32 2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil33 2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock34 2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace35 2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint36 2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage37 2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst38 2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals39 2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate40 2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide41 2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation42 2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流"mud flow, debris flow"43 2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals44 2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff45 2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake46 2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock47 2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water48 2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock49 2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome50 2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone51 2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴"spit, sand spit"52 2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure53 2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock54 2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone55 2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz56 2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle57 2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water58 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon59 2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst60 2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock61 2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩"magmatic rock, igneous rock"62 2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉"dike, dgke"63 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering64 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock65 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock66 2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass67 2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale68 2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral69 2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica70 2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral71 2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱"fold, folding"72 2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section73 3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil74 3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil75 3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill76 3. 土的分类充重塑土77 3. 土的分类冻土"frozen soil, tjaele"78 3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil79 3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil80 3. 土的分类粉土"silt, mo"81 3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay82 3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite83 3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil84 3. 土的分类红粘土"red clay, adamic earth"85 3. 土的分类黄土"loess, huangtu(China)"86 3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite87 3. 土的分类泥炭"peat, bog muck"88 3. 土的分类年粘土clay89 3. 土的分类年粘性土"cohesive soil, clayey soil"90 3. 土的分类膨胀土"expansive soil, swelling soil"91 3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil92 3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil93 3. 土的分类人工填土"fill, artificial soil"94 3. 土的分类软粘土"soft clay, mildclay, mickle"95 3. 土的分类砂土sand96 3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土"collapsible loess, slumping loess"97 3. 土的分类素填土plain fill98 3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart99 3. 土的分类碎石土"stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus"100 3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay101 3. 土的分类无粘性土"cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil"102 3. 土的分类岩石rock103 3. 土的分类伊利土illite104 3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil105 3. 土的分类淤泥"muck, gyttja, mire, slush"106 3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil107 3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil108 3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill109 3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil110 3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil111 3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess112 4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits113 4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation114 4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density115 4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight116 4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity117 4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency118 4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数"coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient"119 4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy120 4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure121 4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure122 4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight123 4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density124 4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index125 4. 土的物理性质含水量"water content, moisture content"126 4. 土的物理性质活性指数127 4. 土的物理性质级配"gradation, grading "128 4. 土的物理性质结合水"bound water, combined water, held water"129 4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits130 4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配"particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil"131 4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity132 4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio133 4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity134 4. 土的物理性质粒度"granularity, grainness, grainage"135 4. 土的物理性质粒组"fraction, size fraction"136 4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water137 4. 土的物理性质密度density138 4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness139 4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil140 4. 土的物理性质平均粒径"mean diameter, average grain diameter"141 4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature142 4. 土的物理性质三相图"block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram" 143 4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil144 4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure145 4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility146 4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit147 4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture148 4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure149 4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles150 4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil151 4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil152 4. 土的物理性质团粒"aggregate, cumularpharolith"153 4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter154 4. 土的物理性质相对密度"relative density, density index"155 4. 土的物理性质相对压密度"relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction"156 4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure157 4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation158 4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility159 4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit160 4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index161 4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water162 4. 土的物理性质有效粒径"effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size " 163 4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density164 4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight165 4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight166 4. 土的物理性质自由水"free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water"167 4. 土的物理性质组构fabric168 4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density169 4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content170 5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy's law171 5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping172 5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line173 5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient174 5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function175 5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil176 5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net177 5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling178 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage179 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge180 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity181 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force182 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure183 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability184 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability185 5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function186 5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient187 6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation188 6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation189 6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson's ratio190 6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq's solution191 6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation192 6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure193 6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure194 6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement195 6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio196 6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement197 6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation198 6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation199 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method200 6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure201 6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress202 6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus203 6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement204 6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification205 6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation206 6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience207 6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience208 6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index209 6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building210 6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation211 6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method212 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure213 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure214 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数A pore pressure parameter A215 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数B pore pressure parameter B216 6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin's solution217 6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart218 6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus219 6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep220 6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement221 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement222 6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation223 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation224 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus225 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium226 6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus227 6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure228 6. 地基应力和变形压缩层229 6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility230 6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility231 6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility232 6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index233 6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress234 6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress235 6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength236 6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement237 7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory238 7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot's consolidation theory239 7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio240 7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure241 7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation242 7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin243 7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation244 7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation245 7. 固结固结consolidation246 7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation247 7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation248 7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve249 7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation250 7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation251 7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure252 7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve253 7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio254 7. 固结井阻well resistance255 7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect256 7. 固结潜变（台）creep257 7. 固结砂井sand drain258 7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drainedground259 7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method260 7. 固结时间因子time factor261 7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi's consolidation theory262 7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation 263 7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure264 7. 固结压密（台）consolidation265 7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation266 7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve267 7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation268 7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress269 7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure270 7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve271 7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve272 7. 固结主固结primary consolidation273 7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation274 7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure275 7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition276 8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose277 8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength278 8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction279 8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength280 8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength281 8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test282 8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils283 8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength284 8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter285 8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate286 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength287 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter288 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 289 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength290 8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb's equation291 8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr's envelope292 8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory293 8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction294 8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion295 8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture296 8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion297 8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength298 8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength299 8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction300 8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept301 8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope302 8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter303 8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress304 8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction305 8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion306 8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope307 8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter308 9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model309 9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model310 9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model311 9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model312 9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion313 9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model314 9. 本构模型动剪切强度315 9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model316 9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model317 9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model318 9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus319 9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion320 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion321 9. 本构模型加工软化work softening322 9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening323 9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law324 9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model325 9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model326 9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model327 9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion328 9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model329 9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model330 9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model331 9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule332 9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion333 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model334 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory335 9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model336 9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus337 9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model338 9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface339 9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 340 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型341 9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion342 9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model343 9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion344 9. 本构模型塑性形变理论345 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix346 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus347 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory348 9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model349 9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation350 9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus351 9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model352 9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model353 9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model354 9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model355 9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model356 10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure357 10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum358 10. 地基承载力地基"subgrade, ground, foundation soil"359 10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil360 10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil361 10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil362 10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil363 10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen's ultimate bearing capacity formula 364 10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium365 10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio366 10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure367 10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure368 10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof's ultimate bearing capacity formula369 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory370 10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton's ultimate bearing capacity formula371 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory372 10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic's ultimate bearing capacity formula 373 10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure374 11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure375 11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure376 11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium377 11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest378 11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest379 11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb's earth pressure theory380 11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction381 11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure theory382 11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state383 11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium384 11. 土压力土压力earth pressure385 11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure386 11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure387 12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose388 12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method389 12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope390 12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 391 12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices392 12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method393 12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method394 12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method395 12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope396 12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method397 12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method398 12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method399 12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method400 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope401 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis402 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 403 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 404 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose405 12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method406 12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis407 13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity408 13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves409 13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method410 13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping411 13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction412 13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site413 13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils414 13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq415 13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor416 13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils417 13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils418 13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils419 13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping420 13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress421 13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil422 13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle423 13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity424 13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency425 13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction426 13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential427 13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction428 13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils429 13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement430 13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil431 13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio432 14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall433 14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施434 14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall435 14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙436 14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall437 14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall438 14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall439 14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead440 14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall441 14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall442 14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall443 14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall444 14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall445 14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall446 15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile447 15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure448 15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile449 15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile450 15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile451 15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile452 15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod453 15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall454 15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring455 15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage456 15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile457 15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles458 15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall459 16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts460 16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage461 16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping462 16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base463 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering464 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit465 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit466 16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well467 16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method468 16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system469 16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point470 16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 471 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling472 16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point473 16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point474 16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts475 17. 浅基础杯形基础476 17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation477 17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum478 17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum479 17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing480 17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method481 17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation482 17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation483 17. 浅基础高杯口基础484 17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation485 17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction486 17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure487 17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing488 17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure489 17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)490 17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation491 17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing492 17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation493 17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation494 17. 浅基础墙下条形基础495 17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin's method496 17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation497 17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis498 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation499 17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing500 17. 浅基础下卧层substratum501 17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation502 17. 浅基础柱下条形基础503 18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile504 18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis505 18. 深基础场铸桩（台) cast-in-place pile506 18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile507 18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation508 18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation509 18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile510 18. 深基础承台pile caps511 18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient512 18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile513 18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile514 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 515 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 516 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 517 18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap518 18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall519 18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile520 18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula521 18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile522 18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile523 18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile524 18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles525 18. 深基础钢桩steel pile526 18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap527 18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile528 18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles529 18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method530 18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile531 18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩532 18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling533 18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile534 18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile535 18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile536 18. 深基础木桩timber piles537 18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock538 18. 深基础群桩pile groups539 18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups540 18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups541 18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 542 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation543 18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力544 18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile545 18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩546 18. 深基础桩piles547 18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test548 18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation549 18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile550 18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile551 18. 深基础最后贯入度final set552 19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction553 19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading554 19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick555 19. 地基处理地工织物"geofabric, geotextile"556 19. 地基处理地基处理"ground treatment, foundation treatment"557 19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting558 19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage559 19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法560 19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting561 19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement562 19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile563 19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading564 19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method565 19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation566 19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile567 19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting568 19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material569 19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting570 19. 地基处理硅化法silicification571 19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile572 19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting573 19. 地基处理换填法cushion574 19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile575 19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法576 19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting577 19. 地基处理挤密桩"compaction pile, compacted column"578 19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method579 19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method580 19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth581 19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting582 19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method583 19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method584 19. 地基处理纠偏技术585 19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning586 19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating587 19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring588 19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning589 19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation590 19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment591 19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting592 19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment593 19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction594 19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation595 19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure596 19. 地基处理褥垫pillow597 19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground598 19. 地基处理砂井sand drain599 19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground600 19. 地基处理砂桩sand column601 19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area602 19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method603 19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting604 19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment605 19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method606 19. 地基处理石灰桩"lime column, limepile"607 19. 地基处理树根桩root pile608 19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio609 19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method610 19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting611 19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain612 19. 地基处理碎石桩"gravel pile, stone pillar"613 19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法614 19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation615 19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer616 19. 地基处理土工织物"geofabric, geotextile"617 19. 地基处理土桩earth pile618 19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique619 19. 地基处理外掺剂additive620 19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting621 19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting622 19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking623 19. 地基处理预压法preloading624 19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading625 19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method626 19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction627 19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column628 19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement629 19. 地基处理振密、挤密法"vibro-densification, compacting"630 19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio631 19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping632 19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning633 19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio634 20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity635 20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test636 20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site637 20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method638 20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor639 20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation640 20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration641 20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration642 20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 643 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation644 20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method645 20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient646 20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system647 21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site648 21. 地基基础抗震地震"earthquake, seism, temblor"649 21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake650 21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 651 21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum652 21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity653 21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude654 21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period655 21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake656 21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor657 21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement658 21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity659 21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient660 22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test661 22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test662 22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test663 22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test664 22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test665 22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus666 22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test667 22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test668 22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test669 22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method670 22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test671 22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method672 22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test673 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test674 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test 675 22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test676 22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test677 22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test678 22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test679 22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test680 22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test681 22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test682 22. 室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test683 22. 室内土工试验击实试验684 22. 室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test685 22. 室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande's method686 22. 室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test687 22. 室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test688 22. 室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test689 22. 室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test690 22. 室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test。

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

精品文档. 第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引精品文档.100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法analytical method 112 数值方法numerical method 113 计算computation 114 说明书instruction 第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量5.soil dynamics 土动力学6.stress path 应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil 残积土groundwater level 地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidatedsoil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy ’ｓlaw 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient ofpermeability 渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分精品文档.布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well pointsystem 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile 摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile 端承桩 6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic piletesting 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi ’ｓ consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon ’ｓ consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot ’ｓ consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model 1.elastic model 弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure精品文档.1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb ’ｓearth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine ’ｓ earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation 箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础 3.strip foundation 条形基础 4.spread footing 扩展基础 pensated foundation 补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学 3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free （resonance ）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration(SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。

第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1Finite Eｌｅment Method 有限单元法２专业英语Sｐｅciａlty English３水利工程Hydraulic Engｉｎｅeriｎｇ4 土木工程Cｉvil Engineerｉｎg５地下工程UｎdｅrｇroｕnｄEnginｅerｉng6 岩土工程Gｅoｔechnical Engineerｉng７道路工程Roaｄ（Hｉｇhwaｙ）Engineerinｇ8 桥梁工程BridgｅＥngineering9 隧道工程Tｕnnｅl Engineｅｒiｎg１0 工程力学Ｅnｇｉneeriｎg Meｃhaｎｉcｓ11 交通工程Trａｆfic Enｇｉｎｅering12 港口工程Ｐoｒt Enｇineerｉng13 安全性safeｔy１7木结构timber strｕcture1８砌体结构ｍasｏnry strｕcturｅ1９混凝土结构ｃoncreｔe ｓtruｃture20 钢结构ｓtｅelstrｕctuｒe2１钢-混凝土复合结构sｔeel aｎd ｃｏｎｃrｅｔeｃomposｉteｓtｒucｔuｒe22 素混凝土plain concｒetｅ２３钢筋混凝土ｒeｉｎfｏrｃed cｏncrete24 钢筋ｒeｂａr2５预应力混凝土pre—stｒesｓed ｃoncｒete２６静定结构statically deｔｅrminatｅstｒucｔuｒe 2７超静定结构ｓtａticａlly ｉndｅtｅrｍｉnate sｔru ｃture28 桁架结构trｕｓｓsｔructure29 空间网架结构ｓpａtial grid sｔrucｔｕre30 近海工程offshoｒe engiｎeering31 静力学sｔａtiｃs３2运动学kineｍaｔiｃs33 动力学dynaｍiｃs34 简支梁ｓimply suｐpoｒｔed bｅaｍ3５固定支座ｆixed beａriｎg3６弹性力学elaｓticｉty37塑性力学ｐlaｓtｉciｔｙ３8弹塑性力学elaso—plastｉｃｉty39 断裂力学frａcture Mechanicｓ40 土力学ｓoiｌmｅcｈanics41 水力学hyｄrauｌicｓ42 流体力学fluｉｄｍeｃhanics４3 固体力学solid mechanｉcs44 集中力cｏnｃenｔraｔeｄfoｒｃe45 压力preｓsurｅ46 静水压力ｈydrosｔａtic pｒｅｓsure４７均布压力uｎｉform pressｕre48体力ｂｏdy force 49重力gravity5０线荷载line lｏaｄ51 弯矩ｂending moment５2 ｔｏrqｕｅ扭矩53 应力stress５4应变stain55 正应力norｍａｌsｔress５6剪应力ｓｈeａring stｒesｓ5７主应力pｒｉnｃiｐａl stress58 变形deforｍａｔion59 内力internal fｏrcｅ６0 偏移量挠度deflectｉon61 settleｍｅnｔ沉降62 屈曲失稳ｂuｃkle63 轴力aｘｉal ｆorｃｅ64允许应力ａllowable stｒｅss65 疲劳分析ｆatiguｅanalysｉｓ66 梁beam６７壳shｅll68板plaｔe６９桥ｂridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力ａcｔive earｔh pｒeｓsure7２被动土压力ｐassiｖe earth pressure7３承载力ｌｏad-beａring cａｐacｉｔy７４水位waｔｅr Heigｈt75 位移ｄｉsｐｌａcement７6 结构力学ｓｔructｕrａl ｍｅｃｈanics７7 材料力学mａteriaｌｍechａｎics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪ｌeveｌ8０学科diｓciｐlinｅ81 子学科sub—dｉscipline8２期刊jourｎal ,periｏdｉｃａl8３文献liｔeraｔure84IＳSＮIntｅｒnaｔionaｌStanｄard SerｉａlＮumbeｒ国际标准刊号８5 ISBＮInｔernatioｎal Ｓｔandard Bｏok Nｕmbｅｒ国际标准书号8６卷vｏlume87 期ｎumber 88 专著ｍoｎograph89 会议论文集Ｐroｃeeding90 学位论文tｈeｓis, dissｅrtatｉｏｎ91 专利pateｎｔ92档案档案室archｉve93 国际学术会议coｎfeｒencｅ9４导师adｖiｓor95 学位论文答辩defenseｏf thesiｓ96 博士研究生docｔoｒａｔe sｔuｄｅnｔ97 研究生ｐostgradｕａte９8 ＥI Ｅｎgiｎeeriｎg Iｎdex工程索引９９SCI Ｓcience Ciｔａｔｉon Inｄex 科学引文索引100ISTP Indｅｘto Scｉence and Ｔecｈnｏｌogy Ｐroｃeedingｓ科学技术会议论文集索引１01 题目title10２摘要absｔract１03 全文full—text104 参考文献rｅfeｒencｅ105 联络单位、所属单位afｆｉliatiｏn10６主题词Subｊｅct10７关键字ｋeyworｄ108 ASＣE American Ｓｏciety of Ｃｉvil Enginｅers 美国土木工程师协会109FHWAＦｅdeｒal ＨighwayＡdmｉnｉstrａtｉon 联邦公路总署１10ISO Iｎternationａl Stａnｄaｒd Orｇanizaｔion111解析方法analyticaｌmｅｔhod112 数值方法numeｒicaｌmethｏd113 计算cｏmpｕtａtion114 说明书instruction115 规范Specificａtｉｏn, Codｅ第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1。

Introduction (绪论)mine n. 矿山，矿井。

v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤underground mining 地下开采surface mining 露天开采reserve n. 储量coal-bearing adj. 含煤的high production and high efficiency 高产高效development n. 开拓preparation n. 准备mining method 采煤方法subside v. 下沉，沉陷subsidence n. 沉降，沉陷mining subsidence n. 开采沉陷mechanize v. 使…机械化mechanization n. 机械化Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Mine (矿井基本概念) coalfield n. 煤田mining area n. 矿区mine field n. 井田divide v. 划分division n. 划分mine production capacity （MPC）矿井生产能力mine service life 矿井服务年限production scale of mine 井型small mine 小型矿井middle mine 中型矿井large mine 大型矿井huge mine 特大型矿井strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向dip angle 倾角workable adj. 可采的workable reserve n. 可采储量opening n. 通道，开口mine opening n. 矿山井巷passageway n. 通道shaft n. 立井roadway n. 巷道chamber n. 硐室main shaft 主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft 风井blind shaft 暗立井drawn shaft 溜井chute n. 溜煤眼adit n. 平硐drift n. 平硐crosscut n. 联络巷；石门coal crosscut煤门entry n. 平巷haulage n. 运输main haulage roadway 主要运输平巷main return-air roadway 主要回风平巷head entry 区段运输平巷tail entry 区段回风平巷slope n. 斜井rise n. 上山dip n. 下山rock rise 岩石上山coal rise 煤层上山coal haulage rise 运煤上山material transporting rise 运料上山return-air rise 回风上山men-walking rise 行人上山inclined roadway of a strip 分带斜巷inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷development roadway 开拓巷道preparation roadway 准备巷道gateway 回采巷道pit bottom 井底车场shaft bottom 井底车场station n. 车场，车站mining district station 采区车场horizon n. 阶段level n. 水平haulage level 运输水平return-air level 回风水平mining level 开采水平interval between levels 阶段垂高mining district 采区panel n. 盘区sublevel n. 分段strip district n. 带区inclined length 斜长strike length 走向长度district sublevel区段Open-off cut n. 切眼coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面production n. 生产；产量production system 生产系统coal haulage system 运煤系统ventilation n. 通风ventilation system通风系统fresh air 新鲜风dirty air 乏风，污风refuse n. 矸石material and refuse transportation system 运料排矸系统drain v. 排水drainage system 排水系统power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应（电、压风）communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统drive v. 掘进excavate v. 开挖，开掘hoist v. 提升winch n. 绞车Chapter 2 Coal Mining methods (采煤方法)stope 采场mining works/units 回采工作basic operation 基本工序break v. 破碎load v. 装载haul v. 运输auxiliary operations 辅助工序roof support 顶板支护gob treatment 采空区处理auxiliary transportation 辅助运输ventilation 通风drainage 排水power supply 供电,emulsion supply 供液（乳化液）等。

古河道fo//il river cour/c・ fo//il /tream 1地形地貌channel冲积扇alluvial (an工程地质条件。

（19诂“血9 goologicQlcondition/ 洪枳扇diluvial fan地形地貌条件"ogephic and Qoomorphic 坡积裙talu/ aproncondition/ 分水岭divicJc地形land form盆地ba/in地貌9^omorpholo9y« r«liol 岩溶地貌kar/t land fcatur«« kar/t 微地貌microrclief landform地貌单元landlorm unit. 9»omorphic 溶洞/olution cove・ kar/( cav®unit 落水洞/inkhok坡度9 rode 土洞Kar/lic «arth cove地形图folieF map河谷river valley地层9»oAromc (/trakum・ /(rata)河道river cour/e河床river b»d(chann»l) 岩性lithologic charactcG roekproperty冲沟9ully« gullay. ero/ion 9ully・岩体rock ma///treamfbrook)岩层bod /tratum河漫滩Hoodplain(vall«y Hal)阶地terrace 岩层layer* rock/tra(um冲积平原alluvial plain 母岩matriKt parent rock相变facie/ chan9»三角洲della硬质岩/Uon9 rock« film 白云母mu/covit»软质岩weak rock 黑云母biotite硬质的eompetent 石英quartz软质的ifieompo(»nt 长石(cld/par基岩bedrock 正长石orthocla/c岩组pctroRibric 斜长石pla9iocla/»覆盖层ov«fburd«n 辉石pyroxog. picrite交错层理cro// bedding 角闪石hornbl^ndfr层面b»ddin9 plag 方解石caleitc片理/chi/to/ity 构造/truclurc层理b»ddin9 结构板理（叶理）foliation 组构(abric(ti//u«)波痕rippl«-mark 矿物组成miggl compo/iHofi 泥痕mud crack 结晶质cnj/tallinc雨痕raindrop imprink/ 非晶质amorphou/造岩矿物roek-torminQ mineral/ 产状attitude粘上矿物clay minoral 火成岩iggou/高岭上kaolinite 岩浆岩magmalic rock蒙脱石montmorilloni(«火山岩（熔岩）lava伊利石illite 火山volcano云母mica 侵入岩intru/iv»(invade) rock喷出岩Mu/ive rock 粗而岩trachyte深成岩plutonic roek 闪长岩diorite浅成岩pypoby/al rock 安山岩and»/it«酸性岩acid roek 辉长岩9<kbbro中性岩rock 玄武岩ba/alt基性岩ba/ic rock 细晶岩aplite超基性岩ultraba/ie roek 伟晶岩pe9ma(i(fr岩基rock ba/« (ba(holith) 煌斑岩lamprophyre岩脉（墙）dik«辉绿岩diaba/e岩株rock /lock 橄榄岩dunite岩流rock flow 黑曜岩ob/idiang -¥* 也lit rock laccolith (laccolite) 浮岩pumice岩盆rock lopolith 火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia岩墙rock dike 火山集块岩volcanic Q99lom»rat»岩床rock /ill 凝灰岩tuff岩脉vein dyke 沉积岩/edimentary rock花岗岩9rafiite 碎屑岩cla/Hc rock斑岩porphyry 粘上岩clay rock粉岩porphyrite 粉砂质粘丄岩/ilty day/lonc流纹岩rhyolikc 化学岩chomical roek正长岩/ycnitfr 生物岩biolith砾岩con9lomofat»漂石、顽石boulder角砾岩breccia 卵石cobble砂岩/and/tonc 砾石gravel石英砂岩quartz /and/tonc 砂/ond粉砂岩/ilMonc 粉土/ill钙质粉砂岩calcor«ou/ /ilMone 粘土clay泥岩mudAonc 粘粒clay 9rain页岩/halfr 砂质粘丄/andy clay盐岩/aline 粘质砂上clayey /and石灰岩litncAonc 壤上、亚粘上loam白云岩dolomite 砂壤上.亚砂上轻亚粘上/andy loam泥灰岩marl 浮土、表土fegolilh (top/oil)泥钙岩Qr^illo-ealcar^ou/ 黄土loe//泥砂岩ar^illo-Qrenaeoou/ 红土砂质arenaeeou/ 泥灰peat泥质ar^illac^ou/ 软泥ooze硅质的/iliccou/ 淤泥mire. ooz«d mud* /lud^e* warp 有机质ofgcmic mahcr clay冲积物（层）alluvion粗粒coar/9 ^rain冲积的alluvial中粒medium-drained洪积物（层）proluvium# diluvium* diluvion 沉积物/«dimont (depo/it)洪积的diluvial ，地质构造坡积物（层）diluvium 地质构造9^olo9ic /tructurc残积物（层）eluvium 结构构造Arue(ural (enture残积的eluvial 大地构造9»o(ec(onic风积物（层）colian dcpo/i(/ 构造运动tocto9frn»/i/湖枳物（层）lak« d«po/ik/ 造山运动orogeny海积物（层）marine depo/iU 升降运动vertical movement冰川沉积物（层）9lacier 水平运动horizontal movement 朋积物（层）colluvial d«po/iU< colluvium 完整性p«rf«ction(in(»9ri(i|)残积粘上rc/idual day 起伏度waving//变质岩metamorphic rock 尺寸效应/ixe effect板岩/lake 伟|压效应eonfinin9 pr»//ur»千枚岩phyllite 产状要素demenk/ of attiludo片岩/chi/t 产状aUitudc* orientation片麻岩9gi// 走向/trik«石英岩quartzite 倾向dip大理岩marble 倾角dip an9le« an^l^ of dip 糜棱岩mylonite 褶皱Fold混合岩mi9matite 褶曲fold碎裂岩ea(aclQ/i(«单斜monocline向斜/ynclinc背斜anticline 节理joint穹隆dome 节理组joint /et挤压/qu«»z«裂隙fi//ur«« crack上盘upper /action 微裂隙fin« fi//ur»« micro/copic 下盘bottom IUQ IL footwalL low«r fi//ur«wall 劈理断距/eparation 原生裂隙o^inal joint相交intcr/ect 次生裂隙cpi9«n«tic joint断层kiuR 张裂隙ten/ion joint正断层normal fouR 剪裂隙/hear joint逆断层rever/^d fault 卸荷裂隙crack平移断层parallel fault 裂隙率fracture poro/ity层理beddiA9« /^ratification 结构类型/truckural pahern微层理I19M /trotilieaHon 岩体结构rock ma// Aructur«地堑9raben 岩块block ma//地垒hor/t. fault rid^o 结构体/truclural element断层泥90U9J pu9・ /«I VQ9«« kiult 块度blockn^//gouge 结构而/truetural plan»擦痕/tria« AriaUon软弱结构面weak plane断裂hadur«临空而“g foe«破碎带haeture zone碎裂结构catacla/tie t«Ktur»板状结构ploty /true(ur«错动dia/trophi/m薄板状lamollo/c 错动层面kiulkod be<Mi“9 plane 块状的lumpy. ma//ivfr 断续的intormiU»n(层状的laminated 破碎crumble巨厚层9iant thick-laminated 共辅节理conju9cited joint薄层状的finfrly laminated 散状loo/e软弱夹层weak intcrealated lay«r 透镜状的l«AA-/haped a.夹层inter bfrddin^e 岩石碎片cra9in(Grc«ila(od bad. int«rlay«G 岩屑cutting* debri/ intermediate lay«f薄膜mombranc* film 夹泥层dayoy intereala(ion夹泥inter-clay 层理/tratiticationhigh dip “卵。

环境工程专业英语专业词汇学习汇编UNIT 1 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）arsenic/砷化物 1 2brownfield/棕地（注：请注意此概念的含义）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 3 4 chlorine/氯（气）chlorofluorocarbon/氟氯烃 5 6 contamination/污染Clean Air Act/清洁空气条例7 8 drinking water/饮用水ecological risk/生态风险9 10 ecosystem/生态系统emission/排放（物）11 12endocrine disruptioncompound/ 内分泌干扰素energy-efficiency standard/能效标准13 14 environment/环境environmental engineering/环境工程15 16environmental threat/环境危害exhaust emission control/尾气控制17 18 geochemistry/地球化学greenhouse gas, GHG/温室气体19 20 ground water/地下水habitat/栖息地、居留处21 22landfill leachate/垃圾填埋场渗滤液impact/影响23 24life-cycle assessment/生命周期评价mercury/汞25 26 monitoring/监测MTBE/甲基叔丁基醚27 28 ozone/臭氧pathogen/致病菌（体）2930 PolyChlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)/聚氯联苯pharmaceutical/医药的，制药的31 32 pollutant/污染物power plant/（发）电厂33 34 recalcitrant/难降解的stratosphere/平流层、同温层35 36 surface water/地表水sustainability/可持续性37 38 tetraethyl lead/四乙基铅UNIT 2 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental engineer/环境工程师1 2 renewable/可更新的wastewater/废水、污水 3 4 organic matter/有机物water/水（体） 5 6 adsorption/吸附chronic exposure/长期（慢性）暴露7 8ecology/生态学9 10 micropollutant/微污染物membrane technology/膜技术11 12 nano-particle/pollution/污染13 14 air quality/空气质量volatility/挥发（性、度）15 16chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) /氟氯氢hydrofluorocarbon/氢氟烃17 18 nanotechnology/ozone/臭氧19 20 runoff/（雨水）径流stratosphere/平流层、同温层21 22 pesticide/农药、杀虫剂atmosphere/大气23 24 evapotranspiration/蒸腾refractory/难处理的25 26 biological/生物的global warming/全球变暖27 28 membrane/膜、隔膜industrial wastewater/工业biodegradability/生物可降解性29 30废水municipal wastewater/城市biotic/生物的、生命的31 32污水advanced treatment/高级处abiotic/无生命的、非生物的33 34理degradation/降解、恶化35 36 synthesis/合成、综合redox/氧化还原电位37 38 microorganism/微生物reuse/回用39 40 recycle/再循环、回收criterion, criteria/标准、infrastructure/基础设施41 42指标UNIT 3 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）greenhouse effect/温室效应 1 2 Kyoto Protocol/京都协议atmosphere/大气 3 4 sulphur/硫（磺）precipitation/沉淀、沉降、carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 5 6降雨fossil fuel/矿物染料7 8 air pollution/空气污染nitrous oxide/一氧化二氮（笑9 10 GHG emission/温室气体排放气）halocarbon/卤烃11 12volatile organic/挥发性有机物ozone/臭氧13 14carbon monoxide/一氧化碳（CO）greenhouse gas(GHG)/温室气体15 16 precursor/前体物、母体物thermal radiation/热辐射17 18 troposphere/对流层infrared radiation/红外辐射19 20 volatile/挥发的、挥发性的automobile exhaust fume/汽车尾气21 22 aerosol/气溶胶acid rain/酸雨23 24 methane/甲烷（气）UNIT 4 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）ecological restoration/生态修复1 2ecological integrity/生物完整性renewal/更新 3 4endangered species/频危物种pilot/（中试规模）试验的 5 6biological resource/生物资源hydrology/水文学7 8 mitigation/缓解、减轻in situ/ 原位、就地9 10 topography/地形、地貌ex situ/ 易地、异地11 12demographic growth/人口增长ecosystem management/生态landscape/景观13 14系统管理UNIT 5 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental security/环境安1 2 qualitative/定性的全tributary/支流（的）、辅助的 3 4 quantitative/定量的sustainable development/可持5 6 deforestation/森林砍伐续发展climate change/气候变化7 8 fresh water/淡水water supply/供水9 10 irrigation/灌溉domestic wastewater/生活污degradation/恶化11 12水world health organization desalination/脱盐13 14(WHO)/世界卫生组织combustion/燃烧15 16 water quality/水质pollutant loading/污染物负hydrocarbon/烃类17 18荷perturbation/扰动、干扰19 20 life cycle/生命周期recalcitrant/难处理的21 22 water footprint/水足迹ecological footprint/生态risk assessment/风险评价23 24足迹urbanization/城市化25 26 shortage/短缺deterioration/恶化27 28 nitrogen/氮nutrient/营养物29 30 eutrophication/富营养化aquatic ecosystem/水生态系saltwater intrusion/海水入侵31 32统water scarcity/水短缺33 34 nitrogen loading/氮负荷impact/影响35 36 toxicology/毒理学wetland/湿地37 38 Bio-monitoring/生物监测constructed wetland/人工湿地39 40 metabolize/代谢contaminant/污染物41 42 metabolic/代谢的UNIT 6 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）pentachlorophenol（PCP）/ environmental modeling/环境模拟 1 2五氯酚chemical exposure concentration/3 4 biodegradation/生物降解化学品暴露浓度aquatic chemistry/水化学 5 6 reaeration/复氧water quality criteria/水质标准7 8 discharge/排放（指标）oxygen sag curve（OSC）/氧water quality standard/水质标准9 10垂曲线ammonia/氨11 12 downward/下游、下方向cadmium/镉13 14 aquatic organism/水生生物chromium/铬15 16 dissolved oxygen(do)/溶解氧cyanide/氰化物17 18 rate constant/速率常数acute threshold concentration/急性阈值浓度19 20 kinetic/动力（学）的UNIT 7 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental impactassessment(EIA)/环境影响评价1 2baseline evaluation/本底评价environmental component/环境要素3 4environmental manager/环保经理mitigation measure/减缓措施 5 6 monitoring/监测component assessment/要素评价7 8 baseline survey/本底调查baseline material/本底材料9 10compliance monitoring/跟踪监测baseline information/本底资料11 12 risk assessment/风险评价impact prediction/影响预测13 14 risk management/风险管理environmental assessmentstatement(EAS)/环境影响报告书15 16hazard identification/风险识别cumulative impact/累积影响17 18dose-response assessment/剂量—响应评价environmental riskassessment(era)/环境风险评价19 20exposure population/暴露人群synergistic effect/协同效应21 22 zero discharge/零排放extrapolated data/外延（类推）数23 24 self-purification/自净据environmental management/环境管25 26 emission standard/排放标准理ozone layer/臭氧层27 28 final disposal/最终处置environmental legislation/eco-technology/生态技术29 30环境立法environmental auditing/环cleaner technology/清洁技术31 32境审计life-cycle analysis/生命周期分33 34 byproduct/副产物析hydrosphere/水圈35 36 lithosphere/岩石圈ecological engineering/生hydrodynamics/水动力学、流体力学37 38物工程energy crisis/能源危机39 40 decompose/分解pollution abatement/污染削deteriorate/（使）恶化41 42减UNIT 10 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）natural resource/自然资源 1 2 uranium/铀resource economics/资源经济学 3 4 phosphate/磷potential detrimental/潜在危害 5 6 recyclable/再循环life-support system/生命支持系7 8 environmental economics/环统境经济学renewable resource/可更新资源9 10environmental regulation/环境法规critical threshold/临界阈值11 12intergenerationalfairness/代际公平regenerative capacity/再生能力（容量）13 14species extinction/物种灭绝hydraulic circulation/水力循环15 16 scarcity/稀缺、不足、匮乏iron/铁17 18 unduly/过度地、不适当地aluminum/铝19 20 leaded gasoline/含铅汽油copper/铜21 22 EPA/环境保护局sulfur dioxide/二氧化硫23 24cost-effectiveness/成本-效益coal-burning plant/燃煤电厂25 26 offset policy/补偿政策emission reduction/减排27 28environmental program/环境规划energy-intensive/能源密集型的29 30 environmental tax/环境税UNIT 11 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）analytical chemistry/分析化学 1 2biological monitoring/生物监测human environment/人类环境 3 4physic-chemical principle/物化原理qualitative analysis/定性greenhouse effect/温室效应 5 6分析quantitative analysis/定量chemical structure/化学结构7 8分析molecular structure/分子结organic compound/有机物9 10构physiological effect/生理效应11 12 analyte/分析物lipid solubility/脂溶性13 14 remote sensing/遥感precipitation/沉淀、沉降、沉积15 16 titration/滴定distillation/蒸馏17 18 sample collection/采样validation/验证19 20 lipid/脂electromagnetic radiation/ 21 22 matrix/基质spectrometric/光谱分析23 24 stoichometric/化学计量的gas chromatography(GC)/气mass spectrometric/质谱分析25 26相色谱chemical oxygen demand(cod)/化学27 28 lignin/木（质）素需氧量ultimate BOD(BOD u)/最终生ammonia nitrogen/氨氮29 30化需氧量biological assimilability/可生31 32 polluted water/受污水体物同化性BOD(biological oxygen demand)/33 34 potassium permanganate/高生化需氧量锰酸钾wood-pulping waste/木浆废液（水）35 365-day BOD(BOD5)/5日生化需氧量potassium iodate/碘化钾37 38potassium dichromate/重铬酸钾catalyst/催化剂、促进因素39 40 pyridine/吡啶、氮杂苯aromatic hydrocarbon/芳烃41 42 organic nitrogen/有机氮reduced state/还原态43 44 equivalent weight/当量reducing agent/还原剂45 46 ferrous ion/亚铁离子oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP)/氧化还原电位47 48 hazardous waste/危险废物sulfuric acid/硫酸49 50 nitrate/硝酸盐glucose/葡萄糖51 52 nitrite/亚硝酸盐sulfide/硫化物53 54 zeolite/沸石flame ionization detector(fid)/火焰离子检测器55 56 absorption/吸收hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢57 58 triethanolamine/三乙醇胺benzene/苯59 60 FICK’s law/菲克定律formaldehyde/甲醛61 62 diffusion rate/扩散速率azo dye/偶氮染料63 64 volatile organiccompound(VOC)/挥发性有机化合物thermal desorption/热脱附65 66 stainless steel/不锈钢analytical chemistry 分析化学biologicalassimilability可生物同化性human environment 人类环境BOD(biologicaloxygen demand)生化需氧量greenhouse effect 温室效应wood-pulpingwaste木浆废液（水）chemicalstructure化学结构potassium iodate 碘化钾organic compound 有机物catalyst 催化剂physiological effect 生理效应aromatichydrocarbon芳烃lipid solubility 脂溶性reduced state 还原态precipitation 沉淀、沉降reducing agent 还原剂distillation 蒸馏oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP)氧化还原电位validation 验证sulfuric acid 硫酸electromagneticradiation电磁幅射glucose 葡萄糖spectrometric 光谱分析sulfide 硫化物massspectrometric质谱分析hazardous waste 危险废物chemical oxygen demand(cod) 化学需氧量Complexation络合，配位（作用）biological monitoring 生物监测ultimateBOD(BODu)最终生化需氧量physic-chemicalprinciple物化原理polluted water 受污水体qualitative analysis 定性分析potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾quantitativeanalysis定量分析5-day BOD(BOD5) 5日生化需氧量molecular structure 分子结构potassiumdichromate重铬酸钾analyte 分析物pyridine 吡啶、氮杂苯remote sensing 遥感organic nitrogen 有机氮titration 滴定equivalentweight当量samplecollection采样ferrous ion 亚铁离子lipid 脂volatile organiccompound (VOC)挥发性有机化合物matrix 基质nitrate 硝酸盐stoichometric 化学计量的nitrite 亚硝酸盐gaschromatography(GC)气相色谱absorption 吸收lignin 木（质）素reflux 回流ammonia nitrogen 氨氮dilution 稀释UNIT 12 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）receiving water/受纳水体 1 2 primary treatment/一级处理local regulation/地方法规 3 4secondary treatment/二级处理unit operation/单元运行 5 6advanced treatment/高级处理unit process/单元过程7 8tertiary treatment/深度处理preliminary treatment/预处理9 10 grit chamber/沉砂池suspended solid/悬浮固体11 12 sedimentation/沉淀、沉降dissolved solid/溶解固体13 14 conventional secondarytreatment/传统二级处理settable matter/可沉降物15 16 filtration/过滤biodegradable organic matter/可降解有机物17 18 phosphorus/磷disinfection/消毒19 20 microscreen/微滤water reuse/水回用21 22nutrient removal/营养物去除biological nutrientremoval(BNR)/生物脱除磷23 24nitrification-denitrification/ 硝化-反硝化total suspended solid(TSS)/总悬浮固体25 26biological treatmentsystem/生物处理系统point source/点源27 28 non-point source/面源turbidity/浊度29 30coliform bacteria/大肠杆菌（E.coli）process analysis/工艺分析31 32combined sewer/合流制污水管overflow/溢流33 34wastewater treatmentplant(WTP)/污水处理厂clarification/澄清、沉淀35 36membrane bioreactor/膜生物反应器membrane filtration/膜过滤37 38 ultrafiltration/超滤reverse osmosis/反渗透39 40 wastewater treatmentprocess/废水处理工艺bioreactor/生物反应器41 42 coagulation/混凝colloid, colloidal/胶体granular/颗粒（状）的43 44（的）hydrophobic/疏水性的45 46 hydrophilic/亲水性的protein/蛋白质47 48 repelling force/（排）斥力opposite charge/反电荷49 50 zeta potential/ ζ电位van der Waals attractive double layer/双电层51 52force/范德华引力cation; anion/阳离子；阴离colloidal particle/胶体颗粒53 54子positive charge/正电荷55 56 microfloc/微絮体neutralize/（使）中和57 58 flocculation/絮凝alkalinity/碱度59 60 alum/铝盐coagulant/混凝剂61 62 coagulant aid/助凝剂destabilization/脱稳（过rapid mixing(tank)/快混（池）63 64程）iso-electric point/等电点65 66 polyelectrolyte/聚电解质aluminum hydroxide/氢氧化aluminum sulfate/硫酸铝67 68铝bicarbonate alkalinity/重碳酸盐69 70 ortho-phosphate/正磷酸盐碱度precipitate/（使）沉淀、沉降71 72 sludge/污泥dewater, dewatering/（使）脱水73 74 thickening/浓缩calcium carbonate/碳酸钙75 76 polymer/聚合物ferric chloride(fecl3)/三氯化铁77 78 hydrogen bonding/氢键coagulant dosage/混凝剂投量79 80 settling tank/沉淀池slow mixing/慢混81 82 flocculation tank/絮凝池seeding/接种83 84domestic wastewater/生活污水biofilm/生物膜85 86trace organic constituent/微量有机成分municipal collection system/城市污水收集系统87 88 aquatic plant/水生植物suspended growth process/悬浮生长工艺/方法89 90attached growth process/附着生长工艺/方法activated sludge process(ASP)/活性污泥工艺91 92 activated sludge/活性污泥aeration tank/曝气池93 94 contact time/接触时间retention time/停留时间95 96Sludge Volume Index(SVI)/污泥容积指数mixed liquor suspendedsolids(MLSS)/混合液悬浮固体97 98mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids(MLVSS)/混合液悬浮挥发性固体clarifier/澄清池、沉淀池99 100 biomass/生物量gravity settling/重力沉降101 102 treated effluent/处理出水suspended solid/悬浮固体103 104 packing material/填料trickling filter/滴滤池105 106 blower/风机liquid film/液膜107 108 liquid/solid separation/固液分离effluent/出水109 110 waste sludge/剩余污泥UNIT 13 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）cooling water/冷却（用）水 1 2 advanced chemical oxidation/高级化学氧化（处理）process water/工艺（用）水 3 4 electrodialysis/电渗析discharge requirement/排放要求（标准）5 6 distillation/蒸馏carbon adsorption/碳吸附7 8 ion exchange/离子交换chemical precipitation/化学沉淀9 0 treated effluent/处理出水chemical oxidation/化学氧化11 12straining/（机械）过滤、表面过滤protozoan/原生动物13 14 oocyst/卵囊nitrification/硝化15 16filter medium/滤池介质（滤料）pressure differential/压（力）差17 18semipermeable membrane/半透膜osmotic pressure/渗透压19 20 cross-flow filtration/错流过滤concentrate stream/浓液21 22 membrane fouling/膜污染concentration gradient/浓度梯度23 24 feed water/进水phenol/酚25 26 hydrolysis/水解concentration polarization/浓差极化27 28total dissolvedsolid(TDS)/总溶解固体barium/钡29 30 chlorination/氯化（处理）backwashing/反冲洗31 32 chemical cleaning/化学清洗nickel/镍33 34 permeate/透过液（淡液）thermodynamic/热动力学（的）35 36 flux/通量fungi/真菌、霉菌37 38 Advanced Oxidation Process(AOP)/高级氧化（处理）工艺hydroxyl free radical(HO·)/羟基自由基39 40 stripping/吹脱、汽提hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢（双氧水）41 42 photolysis/光分解ozonation/臭氧化（处理）43 44ultraviolet(UV)/紫外光（线）first-order kinetics/一级动力学45 46 refractory organic compound/难降解（处理）有机物pilot testing/中试研究47 48 steroid/类固醇aliphatic/脂肪族（质）的49 50trichloroethylene/三氯乙烯UNIT 14 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）gaseous pollutant/气态污染物 1 2 dust removal/cyclone/旋风分离器 3 4water quality management/水质管理electrostatic precipitator/静电沉降器5 6 scrubber/洗涤器fabric filter/布袋除尘器（滤布过滤）7 8coal-burning electricgenerating plant/燃煤电厂micropore/微孔9 10 venturi/文丘里管incineration/焚烧11 12 incinerator/焚烧炉dioxin/二恶英13 14 organic acid/有机酸landfill/填埋（场）15 16 PM2.5aldehyde/乙醛17 18 particular matter/颗粒物vehicle exhaust/汽车尾气19 20aerosol particle/气溶胶颗粒butyrate/丁酸盐21 22 pyruvate/丙酮酸盐（酯）phthalate/邻苯二甲酸盐（酯）23 24 hybrid/混合的UNIT 15 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）off-gas/废气 1 2 crude oil/原油chemisorptions/化学吸附（作用） 3 4 flue gas/烟道气desulfurization/脱硫 5 6solid waste disposal/固废处置aqueous solution/水溶液7 8removal efficiency/去除（效）率combustion chamber/燃烧室9 10 incineration/焚烧incinerator/焚烧炉11 12catalytic combustion/催化燃烧catalyst/催化剂13 14 citrate/柠檬酸盐gasification/气化15 16nitrogen-containingcompound/含氮化合物thermal fixation/热固定（化）17 18 power generation/发电algae/藻类19 20 afterburner/二次燃烧dry cleaning/干洗（干法清洗）21 22 epoxy compound/环氧化合物troposphere/对流层23 24stratosphere/平流层、同温层photochemical smog/光化学烟雾25 26 morning rush hour/早高峰期free radical/自由基27 28 halogen/卤素（卤化物）biofilter/生物滤池29 30 bioreactor/生物反应器packed-bed bioreactor/填料床生物反应器31 32biotrickling filter/生物滴滤池scavenge/清除、净化33 34 geothermal/地热的、地温的colony/菌落、菌群35 36 substrate/基质（底物）compost/堆肥、混合肥料37 38 debris/碎片、破碎体UNIT 16 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）residence time/停留时间 1 2 rule of thumb/工作经验auxiliary fuel/辅助燃料 3 4ambient temperature/环境温度cement kiln/水泥窑炉 5 6 viscosity/粘滞度atomization/粉化（作用）7 8fluidized bed incinerator/流化床焚烧炉ignition temperature/点火温度9 10rotary kiln incinerator/转窑焚烧炉multiple-hearth incinerator/多炉膛焚烧炉11 12 carcinogen/致癌剂fly ash/飞灰13 14 teratogen/致畸剂herbicide/除草剂15 16 thyroid/甲状腺environmental law/环境法17 18 hazardous waste/危险废物rodenticide/灭鼠剂19 20 reclamation/回收、回用hospital waste/医院废物21 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)/多环芳烃domestic refuse/生活垃圾23 24 heavy metal/重金属bioaccumulate/生物积累（富集）25 26 inhalation/吸入furan/呋喃27 28 mutagen/诱变剂residue/残留物29 30residual chlorine/余氯、残留的氯UNIT 17 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）refuse disposal/垃圾处置 1 2 runoff/（地表）径流sanitary landfill/卫生填埋 3 4 municipal refuse/城市垃圾greenbelt/绿化带 5 6anaerobic decomposition/厌氧分解anaerobic biological reactor/厌氧生物反应器7 8 aerobic organism/好氧生物potable water/饮用水9 10methane-forming organism/产甲烷菌anaerobic methane production/厌氧产甲烷11 12 open dump/露天垃圾场nitrate/硝酸盐13 14 nitrite/亚硝酸盐volatile fatty acid(VFA)/挥发性脂肪酸15 16total organic carbon(TOC)/总有机碳BOD/COD/ B/C比17 18 organic -N/有机氮total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)/总凯氏氮19 20milligram per liter/ 毫克/升（mg/L）nitrifying bacteria/硝化菌21 22physical/chemical process/物理化学工艺biological treatment/生物处理23 24 aerobic treatment/好氧处理anaerobic treatment/厌氧处理25 26 bio-uptake/生物吸收nitrification/denitrification/硝化-反硝化27 28breakpoint chlorination/折点氯化（法）biochemical treatment/生化处理29 30 butyric/丁酸（盐）的humic acid/腐植酸31 32 fulvic acid/棕黄酸、褐菌酸tannic acid/鞣酸、丹宁酸33 34 anaerobic bacteria/厌氧菌methyl mercury/甲基汞35 36 food chain/食物链solid waste/固废37 38bioconcentrate/（使）生物浓缩UNIT 18 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）noise control/噪声控制 1 2 sound level/声级barrier/屏障 3 4 dB/分贝muffle/消声器 5 6 ventilation/通风noise source/噪声源7 8 light pollution/光污染noise pollution/噪声污染9 10over-illumination/照明过度light trespass/光侵害（扰）11 12electromagnetic field/电磁场leukemia/白血病13 14epidemiological/流行病（学）的UNIT 19 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）phytoremediation/植物修复soil remediation/土壤修复 1 2（法）in situ/原位、就地 3 4 dechlorination/脱氯remediation technology/修复技术 5 6 neutralization/中和（处理）pyrolysis/热解、高温分解biological activity/生物活性7 8（处理）soil washing/洗土（法）（处thermal stripping/热脱附、热吹脱9 10理土壤）contaminated soil/受污土壤11 12 surfactant/表面活性剂biosparging/生物（制剂）喷bioventing/生物通风13 14洒aerobic micro-organism/好biodegradation/生物降解15 16氧微生物bioaugmentation/生物放大17 18 Fenton’s reagent/芬顿试剂ozone generation system/臭contaminated zone/受污带（区）19 20氧发生系统alkene/烯烃21 22 raw water/原水benzene/苯23 24 toluene/甲苯ethylbenzene/乙苯25 26 xylene/二甲苯exothermic/放热的27 28 aquifer/含水层UNIT 20 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）hypothesis/假设（定） 1 2 outline/（论文）大纲objective/目标、目的 3 4 analyze/分析conclusion/结论 5 6 summarize/（进行）总结proposal/建议7 8 measurement/手段、方法data/数据、资料9 10 motivation/动机results and discussion/结果与讨11 12 section/部分论figure/图（件）13 14 table/表（格）scheme/（研究）计划15 16 paragraph/段落subheading/副标题17 18 italic/斜体（字）chronological order/按时间顺序19 20 summary/总结emphasis/强调21 22 equation/方程experimental program/试验计划23 24 comparison/比较database/数据库25 26 submit/提交、投稿blacklist/黑名单27 28 editor/编（辑）者cite/引用29 30 copyright/版权manuscript/手稿（初稿）31 32 journal/杂志water research/《水研究》citation/引用、参考文献33 34杂志reference/参考文件、参考资electronic submission/电子稿35 36料word processor/文字处理器37 38 bold face/黑体、粗体subscript/下标39 40 superscript/上标hyphenate/连字符41 42 electronic text电子文档grammar-check/语法检查43 44 spell-check/拼写检查modification/修改45 46 background/背景review paper/综述论文47 48 literature/文献appendix/附录49 50 abbreviation/缩写keyword/关键词51 52 footnote/注释artwork/插图53 54 abstract/摘要black and white version/黑drawing/作图55 56白版本symbol/符号57 58 self-citation/自引corresponding author/通讯periodical/期刊59 60作者acronym/首字母缩写词，如COD、VOCs61 62 nomenclature/术语等caption/（图的）说明文字63 64 layout/版面、排版acknowledgement/致谢65 66 bracket/中括号[ ] parenthesis, curve/小括号( ) 67 68 quotation mark/引号“”。

城空1601专业英语复习资料Structural engineering (结构工程)Water resources engineering (水资源工程)Geotechnical engineering (岩土工程)Environmental engineering (环境工程)Transportation engineering (运输工程)Pipeline engineering (管道工程)Construction engineering (建筑工程)Community and urban planning (社区和城市规划)Photogrametry，surveying，and mapping (摄影测量、勘测和制图)Engineering management (工程管理)Engineering teaching (工程教学)Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。

这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。

Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。

11地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel）冲沟gully, gulley，erosion gully，stream(brook）河漫滩floodplain(valley flat）阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course，fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature，karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum，strata）岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix，parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden 交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple—mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric（tissue)矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade）rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base （batholith）岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite）岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike2岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo—calcareous 泥砂岩argillo—arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium—grained沉积物sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud，sludge，warp clay冲积物(层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium，diluvium，diluvion 洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物(层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层)lake deposits海积物(层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift）deposits崩积物(层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection（integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude，orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall，footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst，fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug，selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass 结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy，massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick—laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding，intercalated bed, interlayer，intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter—clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. ＆a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper—out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens—shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane，film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n。

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.R ankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要 abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay 粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil 区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效应力 4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验 9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load 折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion 粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8.cap model盖帽模型 9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力 2.passive earth pressure被动土压力 3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法 3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation 箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils动强度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping几何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test 直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free （resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

建筑工程专业英语词汇（1） 建设,建筑,修建 to build, to construct建筑学 architecture修筑,建筑物 building房子 house摩天大楼 skyscraper公寓楼 block of flats (美作:apartment block) 纪念碑 monument宫殿 palace庙宇 temple皇宫,教堂 basilica大教堂 cathedral教堂 church塔,塔楼 tower十层办公大楼 ten-storey office block柱 column柱列 colonnade拱 arch市政 town planning (美作:city planning)营建许可证,建筑开工许可证 building permission绿地 greenbelt建筑物地三面图 elevation设计图 plan比例尺 scale预制 to prefabricate挖土,掘土 excavation基 foundations, base, subgrade打地基 to lay the foundations砌好地砖列 course of bricks脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding质量合格证书 certification of fitness原材料 raw material底板 bottom plate垫层 cushion侧壁 sidewall中心线 center line条形基础 strip footing附件 accessories型钢 profile steel钢板 steel plate熔渣 slag飞溅 welding spatter定位焊 tacking引弧 generating of arc熄弧 quenching of arc 建筑工程专业英语词汇（2） 充水实验 filling water test错边量 unfitness of butt joint底圈 foundation ring真空度检漏 vacuum degree leak test丁字焊缝 tee welding渗透探伤 oil whiting test充水实验 filling water test内侧角焊缝接头 interior angle welding line joint基础沉降 foundation settlement测量基准点 datum mark稳定性实验 stability test排气阀 outlet valve角钢 angle steel构件 component part机械损伤 mechanical damage缩孔 shrinkage cavity折迭 enfoldment碳钢管 carbon steel tube公称直径 nominal diameter预埋件 embedded part轴测图 axonometric drawing布置图 arrangement diagram氧乙炔气割 oxyacetylene gas cutting低合金钢管 low alloy steel热影响区 heat affected area修磨 polish砂轮片 grinding wheel等离子 plasma panel重皮 coldlap凹凸 unevenness缩口 necking down端面 head face倾斜偏差 dip deviation外径 external diameter砂轮 grinding wheel管件 pipe casting单线图 single line drawing平齐 parallel and level两端 two terminals满扣 buckle螺栓紧固 bolton周边 periphery附加应力 additional stress同轴度 axiality平行度 parallelism随机 stochastic允许偏差 allowable variation重直度verticality焊道 welding bead坡口 beveled edges外观检查 visual inspection重皮 double-skin水平方向弧度 radian in horizontal direction 成型 molding直线度 straightness accuracy焊缝角变形 welding line angular distortion 水平度 levelness铅垂度 verticality翘曲变形 buckling deformation角尺 angle square对接焊缝 butt weld母材 parent metal法兰密封面 flange sealing surface夹层 interlayer表面锈蚀浓度 surface corrosion concentration挠曲变 bending deformation超声波探伤 ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination压力容器 pressure vessel预制下料 prefabrication baiting排版直径 set-type diameter焊缝 welding line中幅板 center plate测量方法 measuring method基准点 datum mark跳焊 skip welding允许偏差 allowable variation补强板 stiffening plate开孔 tapping对接接头 banjo fixing butt jointing角钢 angle iron安装基准圆 installation fundamental circle 吊装立柱 hoisting upright column焊接钢管 welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋 centripetal canting pull rope带板 band plate槽钢胀圈 channel steel expansion ring环口 collar extension局部变形 local distortion环缝 circumferential weld顶板 top plate拱顶 vault顶板加强肋 stiffening rib 水平度 levelness隔离盲板 blind plate氩弧焊argon arc welding压盖螺栓 gland bolt间距 spacing有效期 period of validity担任 take charge of undertake焊条 welding rod碳钢焊条 carbon steel焊丝 welding wire熔化焊 melting钢丝 steel wire气体保护焊 gas shielded arc welding烘干 drying清洗 ablution制度s ystem焊接工艺 welding procedure相应 corresponding手工电弧焊 manual electric arc welding手工钨极 manual tungsten electrode打底 render电源 power source交流 alternating current焊件 weldment管壁厚度 pipe thickness对接焊缝 butt weld工件壁厚 workpiece飞溅物 splash沾污 smirch油污 oil stain细锉 smooth file铣刀 milling cutter氧化膜 oxide film脱脂处理 ungrease treatment]棉质纤维 cotton fibre丙酮 acetone硫 sulfur焊剂 welding flux钢板 steel plate纵向焊缝 longitudinal weld longitudinal seam 筒节 shell ring封头 end socket卷管 reelpipe强度实验 strength test起弧 arc starting穿堂风 draught熔合 fusion反面 reverse side整体 integral封堵 block up焊口 weld bond对接 butt joint胎具 clamping fixture卷板机 plate bending rolls中心支架 center bearing bracket椭圆度 ovality等分线 bisectrix搭接宽度 lap width点焊 spot welding搭接焊 overlap welding对称 symmetrically螺旋爬梯 cockle stairs放料阀 baiting valve液位计 content gauge芬兰维萨拉 V ailsla OY美国美科 "Met-coil, USA"集中式空调系统 centralized air conditioning system裙房 annex热源 heat source平面位置地空间 space of planimetric position密封性能 sealing performance机房 machine room节点 timing专业专业 "profession or discipline 都可以,要根据上下文"连体法兰 coupling flange垂直井笼 vertical well cage变风量 variable air rate施工面展开 construction unfolds违约行为 noncompliance合同交底- contract presentation管理承包商 Management Contractor party 工程量 work amount实施地形象进度 progress of implementation 完工资料 as-built documentation文整 clear-up审核 review汽车式起重机 Autocrane深化图纸 deepen drawing设备配置计划 equipment furnishment plan 结构预埋配合阶段 Structure pre-embedment assistancestage精装修阶段 Fine fitment stage工程施工阶段 Construction stage 医用胶布 medical proof fabric高频 high frequency焊炬 welding torch建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译(4)综合分析判断 comprehensive analysis and judgement变压器 transformer抽芯loose core过道 aisle三相电容 three phase capacitance芯棒 core rod都市规划与土地开发 Urban g and Land Development社区开发及工业区开发Community Development and Industry Park Development开发许可申请 Development Permit土地使用变更计划 Land Use Rezoning Plan 主要计划及细部计划主要计划及细部计划Master Plan and Detail Plan都市计划更新计划 Urban Renewal Plan都市设施 Urban Design建筑设施 Architecture Design大地工程 Geotechnical Engineering工址调查 Site Investigation现地实验与室内实验现地实验与室内实验In-Situ and Laboratory Test基础工程 Foundation Design深开挖工程及建物保护深开挖工程及建物保护Deep Excavation and Building Protection新生地及软弱地层改良 Reclamation and Soft Ground Improvement山坡地开发与水土保持 Slope land Development, Soil and Water Conservation潜盾隧道与岩石隧道 Shield Tunnel and Rock Tunnel大地工程施工顾问大地工程施工顾问Geotechnical Construction Consultant土壤材料实验 Soil and Material结构工程 Structural Engineering各类钢筋混凝土、预力混凝土、钢结构及钢骨钢筋混凝土结构 Structures of R.C., Prestressed Concrete, Steel, and SRC桥梁、高层建筑、地下结构物、隧道、深开挖挡土结构 Bridges, High-Rise Buildings, Underground Structures, Tunnels, Retaining Structures for Deep Excavations桥梁安全检测、评估及维修补强 Bridge Inspection, Assessment, and Rehabilitation钢结构细部设计及制造图 Steel Structural Detail Design and Shop Drawings工程竣工阶段 Completion stage台钻 Bench drill冲击钻 Churn drill手电钻 Electric portable drill砂轮切割机 Abrasive cutting off machine角钢卷圆机 Angle iron rolling machine管道切断器 Pipe cutting machine铜管调直机 Copper pipe straighteningmachine管道压槽机管道压槽机 Book joint setting machine forpipes管道压槽机管道压槽机 Book joint setting machine forpipes角向磨光机 Angle polishing machine电动套丝机 Electric threading machine电动卷扬机 Electric winch电动试压泵 Motor-driven pressure test pump手动试压泵 Manual pressure test pump阀门试压机 Valve pressure test device阀门试压机 Valve pressure test deviceTDC(F)风管加工流水线 TDC(F)airductwork fabricationstream line等离子切割机 Plasma cutting machineTDC(F)法兰条成型机法兰条成型机 TDC(F) flange stripshaping mill勾码成型机 Forming machine for flange clampTDC(F)风管加工成型机 TDC(F) ductfabrication shaping mill多普勒超声波流量检测仪 Dopplerultrasonic flow detector温、湿度传感器 "Temperature, humidity senor"精密声级计 Precision sound level meter风管漏风量测试仪、风室式漏风测试装置风管漏风量测试仪、风室式漏风测试装置"Duct air leakagetester, airchamber air leakage testing device"风罩式风量测试仪 Air hood air rate tester微压计、毕托管、热球（电）风速仪 "Micromanometer ,pitot tube, hot bulb(electrical) anemoscope"潜水泵 Submerged pump电动弯管机 Electric pipe bender铜管弯管机 Copper pipe bender 厂房工程 Industrial Plant工业厂房-石化工厂、钢厂、电厂、气体厂、科技工业厂房、一般性厂房 Industrial Plants--Petroleum and Chemical, Steel, Power, Gas, High-Technical and General Plants环保设施工厂-垃圾焚化厂、垃圾掩埋场、污水处理厂及相关管线 Environment Protecting Plants--Incineration Plants, Garbage Disposal Plants, Waste Water Treatment Plantsand Piping System设备支撑结构、管架、操作平台 Equipment Supporting Structures, Pipe Racks, Operating Platforms设备基础 Equipment Foundations厂区一般土木及公共设施 General Civil Works and Utilities of Plants运输工程 Transportation Engineering运输规划 Transportation Planning停车场设施工程规划、设计 Engineering Planning & Design for Parking Facilities建筑交通维持计划 Traffic Control & Management during Construction水利及港湾工程 Hydraulic and Harbor Engineering营建管理 Construction Management估价及工程预算制作 Estimates and Engineering Budget Works营建管理 Construction Management工程监造 Construction Supervision施工计划 Construction Plan工程进度控管 Schedule Control during Construction施工规划 Construction Specifications环境工程 Environmental Engineering环境影响评估 Environment Impact Assessment环境监测 Environmental Monitoring地下水监测系统 Groundwater Monitoring污水处理厂 Wastewater Treatment Plant污水下水道 Sewage System噪音振动防治 Noise and Vibration垃圾焚化厂兴建工程 Waste Incinerator废弃物处理系统工程 Waste Treatment & Disposal共同管道 Common Ducts管道及附属设施之规划设计 Planning and Design of Common Ducts Structures and Subsidiary Facilities经济效益分析 Economic and Efficiency Analysis财务评估 Financial Evaluation管理维护办法及组织订定管理维护办法及组织订定Regulation for the Management, Maintenance and Organization液压弯管机 Hydraulic pipe bender电动剪刀 Electric clipper液压铆钉钳 Hydraulic riveting clamp线槽电锯 Trunking electric saw开孔器 Tapper电动空压机 Electric air compressor液压千斤顶 Hydraulic jack液压手推车 Hydraulic trolley焊条烘干箱 Welding rod drying box手拉葫芦 Chain block道（垫）木 Sleeper转速表 Tachometer电流钳型表 Clip-style ammeter压力表 Pressure gauge接地电阻测试仪接地电阻测试仪 Earthing resistance testing device氧气表 Oxygen gauge乙炔表 Acetylene gauge对讲机 Walkie talkie文件和资料 documents and information?建设单位 Construction unit安装单位 Installation unitz建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译(3) 送气 air supply电流衰减装置 current attenuation气体延时保护装置 time delay熄弧 quenching of arc成型 molding钢印代号 steel seal质量分析 quality analysis负责人 principal审批 examine and approve补焊工艺 repair welding压缩机 compression pump平焊法兰 welded flange测试流程图 test flow chart加固措施 reinforcement measure校验 verify升压 boost pressure读数 off scale reading满刻度值 full-scale value盲板 blind plate压力表 pressure meter强度 intensity目测 eye survey, visiual inspection半径 radius电力复合脂 electric force compounded grease 电缆敷设 cable laying电缆槽架 cable channel主干线 trunk line弯头 angle fitting剥落处 exfoliation银粉 aluminum powder支持点 support point拆装 disassembly and assembly畅通 smooth电压等级 electric pressure通断实验 onoff终端头 terminals余度 remaining标记牌 notice plate表册 statistical forms电缆桥架 cable testing bridge电机 electric machine相对湿度 relative humidity杂物 sundries耐压实验 withstand voltage test照明器具 ligthing paraphernalia铭牌 nameplate验收规范 acceptance specification接线 wire splice试运 test run进线口 incoming line带电 electrified盘车转子 jigger rotor二次回路 secondary circuit中心线 center line触头 contactor配电 power distribution成套 whole set楼板 floor slab备件 duplicate part, spare part包装 packing器材 equipment导线 conducting wire脱落 fall off规范 specification电器 electrical appliance断路器 line breaker机械联锁 mechanical interlocking碰撞 collision公式 formula轻便 portable 管路 pipeline严密性 leakproofness导电膏 conductive paste压接 compression joint地上连接 overground埋深 buried depth接地线 earth wire说明 description分线盒 junction box接地装置 earthing deivce交叉across塑料保护管 protection tube塑料带 plastic tape防腐处理 preservative treatment接地极 earthing pole接地电阻测试 earth resistance防雷接地 lightning protection遵守 comply with避雷网 lightning conduction引下线 down lead搭接焊 overlap welding避雷针 lightning rod镀锌制品 zinc coating断接卡 breaking of contact电阻 resistance配电装置 power distribution equipment集中接地装置 centralized串联 cascade connection干线联接 main line并列 paratactic单独 solely机组 machine set。

1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum 岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock 相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock 碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam 浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）d eluvium残积物（层）e luvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）e olian deposits湖积物（层）l ake deposits海积物（层）m arine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality 破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary地下分水岭groundwater ridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwateroccurrence压水试验packer permeability test抽水试验pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则Von Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏l ocal shear failure整体剪切破坏g eneral shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress附加压力superimposed stress应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution 级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor 颗粒分级gradation, size grading孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening coefficient含水量water content稠度consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度p eak share strength长期抗剪强度l ong-term shear strength残余抗剪强度r esidual shear strength负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction内摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量modulus of compressibility变形模量modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus 旁压模量pressurmeter modulus 泊松比poisson’s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil超固结土over-consolidated soil被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数c oefficient of rock resistance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem定性评价qualitative estimate定量评价quantitative estimate极限平衡法limit equilibrium method不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling崩塌toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slide(sliding) mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineering investigation工程地质勘察e ngineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察g eotechnical investigation工程地质条件e ngineering geological condition工程地质评价e ngineering geological evaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation程序（步骤）p rocedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段p reliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘e ngineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling 跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole 钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test 现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face,heading face, tunnel face 顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土c oncrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag性能function, performance, property, nature凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格qualified, on test, up to standard初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热heat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heat 水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt 锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道tunnel围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock围岩应力secondary stress static应力集中stress concentrate覆盖层over burden冒顶cave in, roof fall底鼓bottom heave回弹rebound岩爆rock burst冻结法freezing method超载over break衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝construction joint心墙core截水墙cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder埋深embedment depth北塔墩基础north tower base基础foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups桩基础pile foundation桩承台pile cap高桩承台high-rise pile cap低桩承台buried pile cap摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile板桩sheet pile旋喷桩jet-grouted pile灌注桩cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving振动钻进vibratory drilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall 支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contact pressure井点降水well-point dewatering桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile承载力bearing capacity阻力resistance桩端阻力end resistance表面摩擦力skin friction粘着系数adhesion factor负摩擦力negative skin friction安全系数factor of safety压缩层compressed layer附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure剪切破坏shear failure地基失效foundation failure冲剪破坏punching failure渐进破坏progressive failure容许荷载allowable load极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity沉降settlement沉降差differential settlement尾部倾斜angular distortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number路堤embankment地基处理ground treatment soil improvement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain振冲法vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔observation bore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readout device传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressure cell振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge伸长计、变位计extension meter板式沉降仪foundation base/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergency inspection灾情等级hazard classification灾害评价hazard evaluation风险评估risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault oblique~bedding bank slope。

(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语11地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions 地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions地形 land form地貌 geomorphology ， relief 微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landform unit ， geomorphic unit 坡度 grade地形图 relief map 河谷 river valley 河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully ， gulley ， erosion gully ， stream(brook ）河漫滩 floodplain （valley flat ） 阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvial plain 三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course ， fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial fan 坡积裙 talus apron 分水岭 divide 盆地 basin 岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞 solution cave, karst cave 落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome （stratum ， strata ） 岩性 lithologic character, rock property岩体 rock mass 岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum 母岩 matrix, parent rock 相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock ， film 软质岩 weak rock 硬质的 competent 软质的 incompetent 基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric 覆盖层 overburden 交错层理 cross bedding 层面 bedding plane 片理 schistosity 层理 bedding 板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple —mark 泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物 clay mineral 高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite 伊利石 illite 云母 mica白云母 muscovite 黑云母 biotite 石英 quartz 长石 feldspar 正长石 orthoclase 斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene ， picrite 角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite 构造 structure 结构 texture组构 fabric （tissue)矿物组成 mineral composition 结晶质 crystalline 非晶质 amorphous 产状 attitude 火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock 火山岩（熔岩）lava 火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive （invade ） rock 喷出岩 effusive rock 深成岩 plutonic rock 浅成岩 pypabysal rock 酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock 岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith （laccolite) 岩盆 rock lopolith 岩墙 rock dike 岩床 rock sill 岩脉 vein dyke 花岗岩 granite 斑岩 porphyry 玢岩 porphyrite 流纹岩 rhyolite 正长岩 syenite(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语2粗面岩 trachyte 闪长岩 diorite 安山岩 andesite 辉长岩 gabbro 玄武岩 basalt 细晶岩 aplite 伟晶岩 pegmatite 煌斑岩 lamprophyre 辉绿岩 diabase 橄榄岩 dunite 黑曜岩 obsidian 浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock 碎屑岩 clastic rock 粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone 化学岩 chemical rock 生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate 角砾岩 breccia 砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone 粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone 页岩 shale 盐岩 saline 石灰岩 limestone 白云岩 dolomite 泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩 argillo —arenaceous 砂质 arenaceous 泥质 argillaceous 硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter 粗粒 coarse grain 中粒 medium —grained 沉积物 sediment （deposit ） 漂石、顽石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 砂 sand 粉土 silt 粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain 砂质粘土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam 浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil ） 黄土 loess 红土 laterite 泥灰 peat 软泥 ooze 淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge ， warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion 冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial 坡积物（层） deluvium 残积物(层) eluvium 残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eolian deposits 湖积物（层） lake deposits 海积物(层） marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift ）deposits崩积物（层） colluvial deposits ， colluvium 残积粘土 residual clay 变质岩 metamorphic rock 板岩 slate 千枚岩 phyllite 片岩 schist 片麻岩 gneiss 石英岩 quartzite 大理岩 marble 糜棱岩 mylonite 混合岩 migmatite 碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure 结构构造 structural texture 大地构造 geotectonic 构造运动 tectogenesis 造山运动 orogeny升降运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement 完整性 perfection （integrity) 起伏度 waviness 尺寸效应 size effect围压效应 confining pressure effect 产状要素 elements of attitude 产状 attitude ， orientation 走向 strike 倾向 dip倾角 dip angle ， angle of dip 褶皱 fold 褶曲 fold单斜 monocline(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语3向斜 syncline 背斜 anticline 穹隆 dome 挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall ， footwall ， lower wall断距 separation 相交 intersect 断层 fault正断层 normal fault 逆断层 reversed fault 平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding ， stratification 微层理 light stratification 地堑 graben地垒 horst ， fault ridge 断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage ， fault gouge 擦痕 stria, striation 断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone 节理 joint节理组 joint set裂隙 fissure ， crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 original joint 次生裂隙 epigenetic joint 张裂隙 tension joint 剪裂隙 shear joint 卸荷裂隙 relief crack裂隙率 fracture porosity 结构类型 structural pattern 岩体结构 rock mass structure 岩块 block mass结构体 structural element 块度 blockness结构面 structural plane 软弱结构面 weak plane 临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastic texture 板状结构 platy structure 薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive 层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick —laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer 夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed ， interlayer ，intermediate layer夹泥层 clayey intercalation 夹泥 inter —clay 连通性 connectivity 切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone 完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a. degree of integrality 破碎 crumble 胶结 cement泥化 argillization 尖灭 taper-out 错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的 intermittent 破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shaped a. 岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings ， debris 薄膜 membrane ， film 层理 stratification 高角度 high dip angle 缓倾角 low dip angle 反倾 anti —dip互层 interbed v 。