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英语被动语态翻译

英语被动语态翻译

英语被动语态翻译英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。

英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况：一、译成汉语主动旬。

1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。

例如：On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages.《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。

The whole country was armed in a few days.几天以内，全国就武装起来了。

2．原句中的`主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。

Another middle school has been set up in our district．我们区又办了一所中学。

1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。

3．译成带表语的主动句。

The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

In the old society，women were looked down upon.在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。

4．含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。

以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等不确定主语。

例如：It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killerviruses．据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。

It is suggested that meeting be put off tillnext Monday。

有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。

被动语态翻译

被动语态翻译

1.最近，关于这个问题作了一次调查，结果如下。

(conduct)A survey has just been conducted about the issue recently, and findings are as follows.2.他们认为家庭作业帮助他们复习和练习课上所学的内容。

(teach)They think homework helps review and practice what has been taught in class.3.人们建议会议应该被推迟。

(suggest, put off)It’s suggested that the meeting should be put off.4.说实话，我们所犯的一些错误是本能够避免的。

(avoid)To tell the truth, many mistakes we made could have been avoid.5.这一观点现在正受到越来越多人的质疑。

(question)This view is now being questioned by more and more people.6.我们都知道可以采取很多措施来解决这个问题。

(take)We all know that many stops can be taken to solve the problem.7.伟业非一日之功。

(Rome, build)Rome was not built in a day.8.紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态恶化。

(take measures to)It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to prevent the situation from worsing.9.必须保证每天有8小时的睡眠。

(guarantee.)Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.10.他们知道计划将在下周实施。

译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译

译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
2、In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉政治和科 学领域的最新发展变化，并能源源不断地为观 众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
另外，下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻 译:
It is asserted that …有人主张…；
It is believed that …有人认为…；
It is generally considered that …大家(一般 人)认为…；
As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.

什么是被动语态

什么是被动语态

什么是被动语态？被动语态（Passive Voice）是英语中的一种句子结构，用于强调动作的接受者或行为的承受者，而不是动作的执行者。

在被动语态中，主语是动作的接受者，而动作的执行者则成为句子中的宾语或省略。

被动语态的构成：be动词（根据时态变化）+ 过去分词。

下面是被动语态的用法和例句：1. 强调动作的接受者：- The book was written by Mark Twain.（这本书是由马克·吐温写的。

）强调的是书的作者。

- The house was built in 1920.（这座房子是在1920年建造的。

）强调的是房子建造的时间。

2. 不知道或不关心动作的执行者：- The car was stolen last night.（昨晚汽车被盗了。

）并不关心谁偷了车。

- The window was broken during the storm.（窗户在暴风雨期间被打碎了。

）并不关心谁打碎了窗户。

3. 当动作的执行者不重要或已知时：- The letter was sent yesterday.（这封信昨天被寄出。

）不关心谁寄出的信。

- The cake was made by my mother.（这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。

）已知蛋糕是妈妈做的。

4. 当动作的执行者是泛指的人或人们：- English is spoken all over the world.（英语在世界各地都被使用。

）泛指的人们使用英语。

- Vegetables are grown in this area.（这个地区种植蔬菜。

）泛指的农民种植蔬菜。

需要注意的是，被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和句子的需要来决定。

有时，被动语态可以用来避免过多使用动作的执行者，或者强调动作的接受者。

在使用被动语态时，还需要注意以下几点：- be动词的形式要与主语保持一致，即单数主语使用is，复数主语使用are。

-过去分词的形式通常为动词的过去分词形式，但也有一些不规则的过去分词形式。

被动语态翻译

被动语态翻译

被动语态翻译被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态。

在被动句中，动作的承受者（即主动句中的宾语）成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者（即主动句中的主语）则成为被动句中的介词短语（通常由介词“by”引导）或省略掉。

被动语态常用于强调动作的接收者或者操纵者的不重要性。

下面是一个关于被动语态的例子：主动语态：John wrote the article.翻译：约翰写了这篇文章。

被动语态：The article was written by John.翻译：这篇文章是约翰写的。

被动语态在以下情况下常常被使用：1. 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。

例如：The car was repaired.（这辆车已经修好了。

）2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者或结果时。

例如：The book was written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。

）3. 当我们想避免重复使用主动句中的主语时。

例如：The tickets were sold out quickly.（这些票很快就卖光了。

）4. 在科学或者学术写作中，常使用被动语态来描述实验或研究结果。

例如：The data was collected and analyzed.（数据已被收集和分析。

）被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成方式为：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, been, being） + 过去分词（V-ed）。

例如：主动语态：She opens the door.被动语态：The door is opened by her.被动语态也可以用于不同时态和不同人称，只需要根据上述构成方式进行相应的变化。

例如：主动语态：They will finish the project.被动语态：The project will be finished by them.被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和语境来决定，不适合所有情况。

【英语翻译】被动语态的翻译方法

【英语翻译】被动语态的翻译方法
被动语态的翻译方法
a
1
一般被动语态有四种情况：
• 第一，无从说出、无需提及主动者 • When will the new bridge be built? • 什么时候建新桥？ • 第二，出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者 • Generally it is considered not polite to
英文原句中没有提到施动者时，有时可将被动句译成无主 句。
• The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an
end to.
• 必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪声。
• Very often, introductions are made using both
first and last name.
very important for Chinese students.
•人们认为英语对中国学生来
说是很重要的。
•I am afraid I shall be
laughed at.
•
我怕大家笑话我。 a
7
（3）把原文句中的一部分转译成主 语
• 英语中一些被动句译成中文时，需要将句子中某
个适当的成分转译成主语。既要做到不违背英文 原文，又符合中文规范。表示方位的地点状语转 译成主语的情况较多
speeding truck.
• 那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。 • Those books have been affected with
damp.
• 那些书受潮了。
a
18
在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同 样具有被动意义
• 问题应及时加以解决。
• Problems should be resolved in good time

被动语态的翻译

将行为对象作 为句子的主语。 The work must be finished at once. 该项工作必须马上完成。 Three machines can be controlled by a single operation. 三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
3)为了更好地连接上下文。 They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be built beside the classroom building. 他们准备明年在这儿建一座图书馆，就 建在教学楼旁边。
二、译为被动句
• “被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“得到”、 “叫”、“称” 、“让”、“给”、“加 以”、“为……所” • This information will be encoded in a radio signal and beamed to the units buried in the road. • 这一信息被译成无线电信号，发射给埋在 道路下的电子装置。 • The leakage of steam should be paid attention to. • 蒸汽泄露的问题应予以重视。
• As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides form falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.

《被动语态的翻译》课件


详细描述
被动语态的定义是指主语是动作的接受者，而不是动 作的执行者。在英语中，被动语态通常以“be”动词 加上过去分词的形式出现，例如“The book was written by the author”。被动语态强调动作和结果 的客观性，使得句子更加简洁明了，同时避免了主观 色彩，使得描述更加客观公正。此外，被动语态还可 以强调动作本身，突出动作的执行者和动作的结果。
被动语态的定义与分类
详细介绍了被动语态的定义、分类以 及在英语和汉语中的表现形式。
语境与文化因素
强调了翻译时需考虑的语境和文化因 素，以及如何处理文化差异。
翻译技巧
总结了被动语态翻译的常用技巧，如 直译、意译、归化与异化等。
常见问题与解决方法
语义偏差
列举了因不理解被动语态 含义而导致的语义偏差， 并给出了相应的解决方法 。
过去分词”等等。
被动语态的分类
要点一
总结词
被动语态可以分为三类，即现在简单时态被动语态、过去 简单时态被动语态和完成时态被动语态。
要点二
详细描述
被动语态可以分为三类，即现在简单时态被动语态、过去 简单时态被动语态和完成时态被动语态。现在简单时态被 动语态表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态，例如 “The book is being written by the author”。过去简 单时态被动语态表示过去正在进行的动作或存在的状态， 例如“The book was written by the author”。完成时 态被动语态表示已经完成的动作或存在的状态，例如 “The book has been read by many people”。
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被动语态翻译的练习与解析
Chapter

句法翻译6——被动语态的翻译

句法翻译6——被动语态的翻译1.预计物价将要飞涨。

It is anticipated that commodity prices will go up sharply.2.人们担心飞机在近海某处坠落了。

It is worried that the plane might have fallen somewhere offshore.3.据称那个孩子被绑架了。

It is alleged that the child has been kidnapped.4.谣传他把机密信息泄露给了竞争公司。

It is rumoured that he has leaked the confidential information to the rival firm.5.该计划被普遍认为不可行。

Generally, the plan is considered to be infeasible.6.任何建议和批评都受到衷心的欢迎。

Any suggestions and criticism are heartily welcomed.7.关于这个项目，大家说得多，却做得少。

About theproject,much has been said while little has been done.8.诚挚地邀请阁下参加这次典礼。

You are cordially invited to the ceremony.9.顾客请勿触摸展品。

The exhibits to be touched by customers are not allowed.10.犯罪嫌疑人被判无罪,因为律师找不到证据表明他犯了罪。

The criminal suspect was found innocent, because the lawyer could not find evidence proving that he had committed an offence.。

汉语被动语态的翻译

第三章汉语被动语态的翻译(学生用)(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--第三章汉语被动语态的翻译（学生用）（一）汉语被动语态的三种表达方式第一、显性被动1.（被、叫、给、让 + 及物动词）①一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

A burnt child dreads the fire.A. He who is bitten once by a snake, for ten years will be afraid of a grass rope.B. Once bitten by a snake, he will be afraid of a grass rope for ten years.②他自我感觉总那么好，可这次被冷落了。

He is always full of himself but this time he has been left out in the cold.2.（受、遭受、蒙、蒙受）①龙游浅水遭虾戏了。

A dragon is stranded in shallow water — a gigantic creature is reduced to being teased by shrimps.②翌年楚因战败而蒙辱于秦。

The next year the Kingdom of Chu was humiliated by the Kingdom of Qin due to its military defeat.③公子受宠于君。

You are now in the Emperor’s favour.第二、半隐性被动⑴“为……（所）……”式①茅屋为秋风所破。

The thatched house was destroyed by the autumn storm.②幽王击鼓，诸候兵不至，幽王之身乃死于骊山之下，为天下笑。

King You beat the drum to ask the dukes and princes to send their troops to his rescue but they all refused. King You died at the foot of Mount Li, the object of universal ridicule.（turning himself into a laughing stock）⑵“是……的”式①历史是人民创造的。

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被动语态的翻译
[<]
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
10
被动语态的翻译
[<]
B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
17
被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
“ 叫”、 “ 由”、 “ 把”、“挨”
“ 为 …… 所”、
“加以”、“予以”等。例如：
2
被动语态的翻译
1) The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，环境、运气不佳 或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所 困扰。 2) When optimists run for office, they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are. 当乐观主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易 当选。
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的 结构很多。这种结构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
D. 习惯译法
1). It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。
6
被动语态的翻译
[<]
使用“是 ……的”、“为…… 所” 句型 “是……的”、“为……所”这些 句子着重说明一件事情是怎样做或 什么时候、什么地点做的等等。例 如：
5) Poets are born, but orators are made.
诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。
6). Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。（喻“不身体力行不足 以成事”） 7). In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career. 近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所 毁。
15
被动语态的翻译
[<]
It is generally accepted that… 一般认为；大家公认 • It is alleged that…
• It must be realized that… 必须了解（认识、明 白） • It is said that…
人们断言
• It is asserted that… 有人主张（断定） • It is understood that… 人们理解；不用说
当英语被动句中的主语是无生 命的名词，而且句中一般没有 由介词 by 引导的行为主体时， 这种句子常常可译成汉语的主 动句，而不需加什么词。
2).The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。
3
被动语态的翻译
3) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 美国人牛肉吃得很多，因为美国有大量的土地可用来 养牛，而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运 输。 4) Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 11月下旬，街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰。
我们是不能被欺负的。
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被动语态的翻译
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C. 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 1). Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with. 有了钱，就会以钱谋权。 2). If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly. 如果把水加热，水分子就运动得更快。
2) The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。
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被动语态的翻译
3) He was brought up by his grandmother.
他是由他祖母抚养大的。
4) We are not to be bullied.
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被动语态的翻译
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A . 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. TIP:当句中不出现行为主 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中 最严重的一种。
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被动语态的翻译
1.2 译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句 子更符合汉语习惯。 1) Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound.
被动语态的翻译
被 动 语 态 的 翻 译
语态是表明句子中谓语与主语之间关系的 一种语法手段。相比汉语，英语中被动语态使 用范围大、频率高。因此，在翻译时，我们可 以根据两种语言的习惯，从句式和辅助词语两 个方面进行语态转换。
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被动语态的翻译
一、 英译汉中被动语态的翻译
1.1 译成被动句 英语被动句是由“助动词 be+ 过去分词”构成， 在译成汉语时，除了用 “被”表示外，还可以运用 其他词语，如 “受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、
据说；一般认为
• It is suggested that…
有人建议Leabharlann 16被动语态的翻译
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• It is believed that… 据信；人们（大家）相信 • It is claimed that… 有人（人们）主张；人们要 求 • It is declared that… 据宣称；人们宣称 • It cannot be denied that… 不可否认 • It is estimated that… 据估计（推算） • It has been found that… 已经发现；实践证明
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被动语态的翻译
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8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。
使用“加以”、“予以”字 样 表达被动含义。