水利水电类专业英语

1.Because of the enormous damage or potential damage caused by a flood of the magnitude that occurs once in a

hundred years or less, stream gaging records of 10, 20, or 30 years are inadequate, although of some use, in

planning flood control projects or for the spillway design of any large dam.

由于量级在100年一遇或者更罕见的洪水引起的巨大破坏或潜在破坏，在洪水控制工程的规划或任意大型

大坝的溢洪道的设计中，10年、20年或30年的水流测量记录尽管有些用途，但还是不够的。

2.The foundation, including abutments, should be of rock or consolidated materials sufficiently strong to support

the structure and they must be watertight or so nearly so that excess leakage can be prevented by sealing any

cracks or fissures in the foundation with a grouting material or closing the leakage paths by placing a blanket of

impervious material in the reservoir area upstream from the dam site.

地基包括坝肩，是由岩石或坚固的材料构成，足以承受结构的荷载，并且必须防水，或者能通过灌浆材料

封堵地基中的裂缝或裂隙，或在坝址上游库区铺一层不透水材料来封闭渗漏通道，从而防止过量的渗漏，

做到接近防水。

3.An adjustment of capacity of a storage reservoir may prove to be necessary; this, or any new design data may

disclose the need of changing the axis location of the dam even though the reservoir site remain the same.

对水库的储水量调整可能是必要的，或者说，即使水库地址没变，依据新的设计数据，有必要对坝轴线位

置进行调整。

4.This is determined by the plan formulation studies in which evaluation are made to test whether the inclusion of

more than one project function is economically justified.

这是由规划制定研究所决定的，对此工程包含一个以上功能在经济上是否合理作出评价

5.Consideration will also have been given to whether one site, or set of sites, would have important and possibly

overriding advantages or disadvantages to the next-best available alternative from environmental impact

standpoints.

从环境影响的立场，我们也必须考虑到，是否一个坝址或一系列坝址，有比仅次于最好的可选坝址有更重

要的和可能首要的利弊。

6.The amounts of active storage capacity will have been selected by the plan formulation procedures whereby

costs and accomplishments are estimated for a range of reservoir sizes, benefit values assigned to the different kind

and variable amounts of accomplishments, and comparative economic evaluations made for the range of reservoir

sizes.

有效库容的大小是依据规划制定步骤得出的，由此，可对如下几项的费用和实效进行评价：一定范围水库

尺寸、由于不同种类和不同数量实效所带来的效益值，以及该水库尺寸范围的可比较的经济评估。

7.efore beginning the field investigation, a thorough search should be made for available information relating to

the stream and to the area under consideration including a variety of maps, air photos, and reports.

在开始现场调查之前，应该对与河流和研究区域相关的可用资料，作彻底的搜查，包括各类地图、航片和

报告。

8.The agricultural soil survey maps and reports are surficial and intended for agricultural interests. These maps and

reports are of value to the engineer because such items as soil profile descriptions, ground surface conditions,

natural vegetation, drainage, meteorological data, flood danger, and similar data are included.

农业土壤勘测地图和报告是粗浅的、供农业利益服务的。这些地图和报告对工程师来说是有价值的，因为

这些条款如：土壤剖面描绘、地表条件、天然植被、排水系统、气象数据、洪灾，和其它类似信息都包含

在内。

9.At this stage of investigation, field studies, including geologic mapping or the checking of existing geologic

maps, should be completed for the more promising areas. Limited sampling of selected areas and preliminary

testing will provide more reliable data on the area. New estimates of the volume of material available in the area

should be based on the additional data collected since the initial reconnaissance.

在这个调研阶段，现场研究，包括绘地质图或校核现有地质图，应该针对更合适的区域完成。所选区域的

有限的取样和初步的测试，将提供该地区更可靠的数据。对该地区材料储量的新的评估，应该建立在自最

初勘测以来，收集的附加数据的基础之上。

10.They should record the usual geologic and soils descriptions, and their observations are of great importance

during drilling and sampling; for example, notes an organic material, moisture content, water levels, degree of

cementation and uniformity of the materials.

他们应该记录一般性的地质情况和土质特性，钻孔和取样过程中，他们的观察是很重要的。比如，记录有

机材料、含水量、水位、胶结程度和材料的均匀性。

11.Today the planning, design, construction, and operation of dams frequently involves the services of

geophysicists, seismologists, earthquake engineers, and legal experts in addition to geologists and engineers

experienced in soils and rock mechanics.

今天，大坝的规划、设计、施工和运行，除了需要在岩土力学方面富有经验的地质学家和工程师外，常常

还需要地球物理学家、地震学家、地震工程师和法律专家的帮助

12.he most significant geologic hazards include landslides, earthquakes, land subsidence, leakage through points or

erodible formations and the presence in critical locations of liquefiable sediments. The case histories of dam and

reservoir failures include reviews of catastrophes（灾难） attributable to each of these hazards.

最严重的地质危险包括滑坡、地震、大地沉降、通过某些点或易受侵蚀的岩层的渗漏，以及在关键位置的

易液化沉积物的存在。大坝和水库失事的案例历史，包括可归因于每次危害的灾难评论。

13.A sufficient preliminary investigation should include a canvass（详细调查） of the literature for reports, maps,

and photos, a reconnaissance（勘查 ） of the project area to detect geologic conditions which could affect project

feasibility, the geologic mapping of the dam and reservoir site, as well as the location of sources of construction

materials.

一个充分的初步调研应该包括：一个对文献的详细调查，以获取报告、地图和照片；一个对工程区域的查

勘，以探测可能影响工程可行性的地质条件、大坝和水库地址的地质绘图、以及建筑材料来源的定位

14.All available geologic and topographic maps, photographs of the site area, and data from field examinations of

natural outcrops, road cuts, and other surface conditions should be utilized in the selection of the site and

preliminary evaluation of the foundation.

所有可用的地质和地形图、坝址区照片、和来自于对天然露头、道路切口和其他表面条件的现场检查的数

据，应当被用于坝址的选择和地基的初步评价。

15. The data collection continues on a more detailed basis through the design phase. Data are also collected

continuously during construction as the foundation is exposed, to correlate with previously obtained information

and to evaluate the possible need for design changes.

贯穿于设计阶段，数据收集在一个更加细致的基础上继续进行。随着基础的揭露，施工中也要持续地收集

数据，以与先前获得的资料相对照，并评价对设计进行更改的可能需要。

16.As-built geology drawings should be developed even though revisions in design may not be required by

changed geologic conditions, since operation and maintenance problems requiring detailed foundation information

may develop.

尽管地质条件的改变不要求设计上的修订，也应该完善竣工地形图，因为在工程的运行和维护中，可能会

滋生需要详细的地基资料才能解决的问题。

17.However, there are certain general similarities which permit presentation of types of designs, for example, the

earth dam can be further classified into three basic types according to the location of impervious zone:

homogeneous dam, central core dam, inclined core dam.

然而，有某些一般的类似性，这些类似性规定了所设计坝型的表现形式，例如，根据防渗区的位置，土坝

可以进一步分为三种基本形式：均质坝、心墙坝、斜墙坝。