ABP B CFC 低压给水加热器系统手册第2-5章

§2.2.2 ABP低压给水加热器系统一、功能ABP系统的功能是在主凝结水进入除氧器之前，利用汽轮机的抽汽加热给水，从而提高二回路热力循环效率，并使进入除氧器的主凝结水达到预定的温度。

这个功能是利用3级低压加热器来实现的。

二、组成本系统包括1级、2级、3级低加及其相应的管道、阀门、疏水装置和仪表控制等设施。

其中，1、2级低加为三列并联连结的双生式（DUPLEX TYPE）或称复合式结构（1/2A，1/2B，1/2C），它们以并联方式在三条给水管线中，每列复合式加热器通过1/3额定给水流量，其布置在3台凝汽器的喉部，分别用汽机低压缸的6级后抽汽和5级后抽汽对主凝结水进行加热；第三级低加分两列（3A/3B）并联运行，每列加热器通过为1/2额定给水流量，其抽汽来自3号低压缸的4级后抽汽。

三、系统描述该系统又可分为凝结水、抽汽、疏水和排气四部分，见图⑴低压加热器系统流程图，现分述如下：1、凝结水侧在正常运行工况，来自凝结水抽取系统（CEX）的凝结水，被分成三条并列管线，分别进入3台复合式加热器第一级的水室，经过第1、2级低压加热器的U型管加热后，从第2级低加出水室排出，汇集在母管中。

然后，再分成两条并列的管线，分别进入并列的第三级低压加热器进口水室，经第三级加热器U型管加热后，从出口水室排出，汇集成一条管线送往除氧器系统。

2、抽汽侧复合式低压加热器所用抽汽分别取自汽机3个低压缸的5、6级后抽汽（即1级低加为6级后抽汽：2级低加为5级后抽汽）。

复合式低压加热器直接安放在凝汽器喉部，大大缩短了抽汽管道长度（减少中间容积），减少汽机超速的危险性，所以复合式加热器的抽汽管道上不装逆止阀，又因该加热器正常疏水和紧急疏水不受限制，故也不必安装隔离阀。

3级低加所用抽汽取自LP3低压汽缸4级后。

3级低压加热器抽汽管上设有逆止阀和隔离阀，逆止阀尽量靠近汽轮机抽汽口，以减少中间容积，防止汽机甩负荷时蒸汽或水倒流入汽机，而导致汽机超速或损坏叶片。

低压加热器启机阶段疏水不畅的问题分析及解决措施薛向科发表时间：2018-06-01T10:26:48.237Z 来源：《电力设备》2018年第2期作者：薛向科[导读] 摘要：核电站ABP系统为常规岛低压给水加热系统，对汽轮机组的保护和机组的热力循环起着至关重要的作用。

（核工业工程研究设计有限公司北京 101300）摘要：核电站ABP系统为常规岛低压给水加热系统，对汽轮机组的保护和机组的热力循环起着至关重要的作用。

本文基于低压加热器疏水不畅问题的原因分析，通过对比改造方案，最终确定解决措施，以保证核电站ABP系统以及汽轮机组二回路热力系统的正常运行。

关键词：核电站；低压加热器水；疏水；液位1．引言常规岛低压给水加热系统（ABP）的主要功能是利用汽机低中压缸抽汽加热给水，提高机组热力循环的效率。

而ABP401/402RE两台低压加热器为ABP系统的第4级加热设备，抽汽来源于中压缸，在启机阶段ABP401/402RE壳侧因疏水不畅液位异常上涨触发警报，严重影响设备正常运行。

本文通过对ABP系统的研究，分析疏水不畅造成液位异常上涨的原因，根据系统功能和现场空间选取几种改造方案，通过方案比选最终确认增加一条疏水管线来解决低加启机阶段疏水不畅的问题，保证核电站ABP系统和汽轮机组二回路热力系统的正常运行。

2．常规岛ABP系统简介2.1常规岛ABP系统介绍为了提高汽轮机热力循环的热利用效率，降低给水吸热温差，核电站对给水进行抽汽回热加热，即汽轮机抽汽对给水加热。

CPR100电厂共采用7级加热，其中4级低压加热、2级高压加热和1级除氧器混合加热。

ABP系统主要由4级低压加热器及其疏水系统和连接管路、阀门组成。

低压加热器设备整体构造详见图1。

图1：低压加热器设备构造图2.2常规岛ABP系统流程低压加热器（ABP401/402RE）加热蒸汽来源于汽轮机中压缸抽汽，抽汽加热给水后凝结，因低压加热器有疏水冷却段，所以设有调节阀109/209VL控制低加液位，根据003/004MN液位信号将疏水排往疏水接收箱，对应的疏水无阀门控制靠重力自流。

第x篇低压加热器检修工艺规程第一章低压加热器结构概述第一节低压加热器工作原理1.1 概述本厂330MW机组共四台低压加热器，本低压加热器为卧式，双流程表面式、水室与壳体采用法兰连接。

1.2 工作原理：低压加热器的作用是利用在汽轮机内做过部分功的蒸气，抽至加热器内加热给水，提高水的温度，减少了汽轮机排往凝汽器中的蒸汽量，降低了能源损失，提高了热力系统的循环效率。

加热器的受热面一般是用黄铜管或无缝钢管构成的直管束或U形管束组成的。

被加热的水从上部进水管进入分隔开的水室一侧，再流入U形管束中，U形管在加热器的蒸气空间，吸收加热蒸气的热量，由管壁传递给管内流动的水，被加热的水经过加热器出口水室流出。

第二节高压加热器结构组成2.1结构简介主要结构是由壳体、水室、传热管、隔板、防冲板和包壳板组成，具体见图（2-I）。

其中，NO7、8两台低加为一个壳体，安装于凝汽器接颈内。

检修为抽芯式，在两加热器芯子上均装有滚轮。

本低压加热器的加热面设计成两个区段，一是凝结段，二是疏水冷却段。

第二章低压加热器主要技术规范第一节低压加热器设备参数1.1 主要参数：第三章检修周期及检修项目第一节检修周期1.1检修周期1.1.1高压加热器A级检修周期为4年。

1.1.2高压加热器C级检修周期为1年。

第二节检修项目2.1 检修项目2.1.1 A级检修标准项目2.1.1.1 水室密件的维修,更换密封垫片。

2.1.1.2 检漏及堵管。

2.1.1.3 水室检查及清理。

2.1.1.4 安全阀.水位计等附件的解体检查及另部件更换。

2.1.1.5 更换法兰螺栓及密封垫片。

2.1.1.6 水.汽侧水压试验。

2.1.2 C修标准项目2.1.2.1 清洗水位计，更换盘根或玻璃管。

2.1.2.2 各阀门检查，加盘根。

2.1.2.3 安全阀整定、校验1.2.3 特殊项目1)壳体解体检修。

2)更换新管。

第三节检修前的准备工作3.1 检修前的准备3.1.1备齐专用工具、检修用料等。

版法版权本号Array目录一、空气源热泵原理 (1)二、产品技术性能 (2)1.机组分类 (2)2.产品执行标准 (2)一一、、空空气气源源热热泵泵的的原原理理空气源热泵是采用“逆卡诺循环原理”，制冷剂在压缩机的作用下循环工作，不断地在蒸发器中蒸发而吸收空气中的热能，同时又不断地在冷凝器中冷凝释放热量，从而使流经冷凝器的冷水升温．由于整个系统只需二二、、产产品品技技术术性性能能 11..机机组组分分类类本说明书所含家用空气源热泵热水机由常压直热循环式一体机组、直热循环式分体机组。

22..产产品品执执行行标标准准 GB/T21362-2008 <<商业或工业用及类似用途的热泵热水机>> JB8654-1997<<容积式和离心式冷水（热泵）机组 安全要求>> 33..机机组组外外形形图图广东碧涞节能设备有公司保修卡用户姓名邮政编码通讯地址省市RB-30K RB-60K产品退换政策参照国家有关部委颁布的《部分商品修理更换退货责任规定》执行。

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核电ABP低压给水加热器系统§2.2.2 ABP低压给水加热器系统一、功能ABP系统的功能是在主凝结水进入除氧器之前，利用汽轮机的抽汽加热给水，从而提高二回路热力循环效率，并使进入除氧器的主凝结水达到预定的温度。

这个功能是利用3级低压加热器来实现的。

二、组成本系统包括1级、2级、3级低加及其相应的管道、阀门、疏水装置和仪表控制等设施。

其中，1、2级低加为三列并联连结的双生式（DUPLEX TYPE）或称复合式结构（1/2A，1/2B，1/2C），它们以并联方式在三条给水管线中，每列复合式加热器通过1/3额定给水流量，其布置在3台凝汽器的喉部，分别用汽机低压缸的6级后抽汽和5级后抽汽对主凝结水进行加热；第三级低加分两列（3A/3B）并联运行，每列加热器通过为1/2额定给水流量，其抽汽来自3号低压缸的4级后抽汽。

三、系统描述该系统又可分为凝结水、抽汽、疏水和排气四部分，见图⑴低压加热器系统流程图，现分述如下：1、凝结水侧在正常运行工况，来自凝结水抽取系统（CEX）的凝结水，被分成三条并列管线，分别进入3台复合式加热器第一级的水室，经过第1、2级低压加热器的U型管加热后，从第2级低加出水室排出，汇集在母管中。

然后，再分成两条并列的管线，分别进入并列的第三级低压加热器进口水室，经第三级加热器U型管加热后，从出口水室排出，汇集成一条管线送往除氧器系统。

2、抽汽侧复合式低压加热器所用抽汽分别取自汽机3个低压缸的5、6级后抽汽（即1级低加为6级后抽汽：2级低加为5级后抽汽）。

复合式低压加热器直接安放在凝汽器喉部，大大缩短了抽汽管道长度（减少中间容积），减少汽机超速的危险性，所以复合式加热器的抽汽管道上不装逆止阀，又因该加热器正常疏水和紧急疏水不受限制，故也不必安装隔离阀。

3级低加所用抽汽取自LP3低压汽缸4级后。

3级低压加热器抽汽管上设有逆止阀和隔离阀，逆止阀尽量靠近汽轮机抽汽口，以减少中间容积，防止汽机甩负荷时蒸汽或水倒流入汽机，而导致汽机超速或损坏叶片。

SECTION 16486PUMP PANEL CONTROLLERS – LOW VOLTAGEPART 1 GENERAL1.01 SCOPEA. The Contractor shall furnish and install the low voltage pump panel controllers as specifiedherein and as shown on the contract drawings.1.02 RELATED SECTIONSA. Section 16475 – Circuit Breakers and Fusible Switches – Low VoltageB. Section 16481 – Motor Starters – Low VoltageC. Section 16902 – Electrical Control Devices1.03 REFERENCESA. The pump panel controllers shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordancewith the latest applicable standards of NEMA, ANSI and UL.1.04 SUBMITTALS – FOR REVIEW/APPROVALA. The following information shall be submitted to the Engineer:1. Master drawing index2. Dimensioned outline drawings3. Conduit entry/exit locations4. Cable terminal sizes5. Wiring diagrams6. Nameplate schedule7. Ratings including:a. Voltageb. Horsepower and/or continuous current8. Product data sheetsB. Where applicable, the following additional information shall be submitted to the Engineer:1. Key interlock scheme drawing and sequence of operations2. Mimic bus1.05 SUBMITTALS – FOR CONSTRUCTIONA. The following information shall be submitted for record purposes:1. Final as-built drawings and information for items listed in Paragraph 1.04, and shallincorporate all changes made during the manufacturing process2. Wiring diagrams3. Seismic certification as specified1.06 QUALIFICATIONSA. The manufacturer of the assembly shall be the manufacturer of the major componentswithin the assembly.B. For the equipment specified herein, the manufacturer shall be ISO 9001 or 9002 certified.C. The manufacturer of this equipment shall have produced similar electrical equipment for aminimum period of five (5) years. When requested by the Engineer, an acceptable list ofinstallations with similar equipment shall be provided demonstrating compliance with thisrequirement.D. £Provide Seismic tested equipment as follows:1. The equipment and major components shall be suitable for and certified to meet allapplicable seismic requirements of the International Building Code (IBC) for zone 4application. Guidelines for the installation consistent with these requirements shall beprovided by the switchgear manufacturer and be based upon testing of representativeequipment. The test response spectrum shall be based upon a 5% minimum dampingfactor, IBC: a peak of 2.45g’s (3.2-11 Hz), and a ZPA of 0.98g’s applied at the base ofthe equipment. The tests shall fully envelop this response spectrum for all equipmentnatural frequencies up to at least 35 Hz.-- OR –1. The equipment and major components shall be suitable for and certified to meet allapplicable seismic requirements of the California Building Code (CBC) through zone 4application. Guidelines for the installation consistent with these requirements shall beprovided by the switchgear manufacturer and be based upon testing of representativeequipment. The test response spectrum shall be based upon a 5% minimum dampingfactor, CBC: a peak of 2.15g’s, and a ZPA of 0.86g’s applied at the base of theequipment. The tests shall fully envelop this response spectrum for all equipmentnatural frequencies up to at least 35 Hz.-- OR --1. The manufacturer may certify the equipment based on a detailed computer analysis ofthe entire assembly structure and its components. Guidelines for the installationconsistent with these requirements shall be provided by the switchgear manufacturerand be based upon testing of representative equipment. The equipment manufacturershall document the requirements necessary for proper seismic mounting of theequipment2. The following minimum mounting and installation guidelines shall be met, unlessspecifically modified by the above referenced standards.a. The Contractor shall provide equipment anchorage details, coordinated with theequipment mounting provision, prepared and stamped by a licensed civil engineerin the state. Mounting recommendations shall be provided by the manufacturerbased upon approved shake table tests used to verify the seismic design of theequipment.b. The equipment manufacturer shall certify that the equipment can withstand, that is,function following the seismic event, including both vertical and lateral requiredresponse spectra as specified in above codes.£ Note to Spec. Writer - OptionalNote to Spec. Writer – Select onec. The equipment manufacturer shall document the requirements necessary for properseismic mounting of the equipment. Seismic qualification shall be consideredachieved when the capability of the equipment, meets or exceeds the specifiedresponse spectra.1.07 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLINGA. Equipment shall be handled and stored in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.One (1) copy of these instructions shall be included with the equipment at time ofshipment.PART 2 PRODUCTS2.01 MANUFACTURERSA. Eaton / Cutler-Hammer productsB. __________C. __________The listing of specific manufacturers above does not imply acceptance of their products that do not meet the specified ratings, features and functions. Manufacturers listed above are notrelieved from meeting these specifications in their entirety. Products in compliance with thespecification and manufactured by others not named will be considered only if pre-approved by the Engineer ten (10) days prior to bid date.2.02 PUMP PANEL CONTROLLERSA. Electromechanical Controller1. Magnetic starters through NEMA Size 7 shall be equipped with double-break silver alloycontacts. The starter must have straight-through wiring. Each starter shall have one (1)normally open auxiliary contact2. Coils shall be of molded construction through NEMA Size 7. All coils to be color-codedthrough Size 5 and permanently marked with voltage, frequency and part number3. Overload relays shall be an ambient compensated bimetallic-type with interchangeableheaters, calibrated for 1.0 and 1.15 service factor motors. Electrically isolated normallyopen/normally closed contacts shall be provided on the relay. Visual trip indication shallbe standard. A test trip feature shall be provided for ease of troubleshooting and shallbe conveniently operable without removing components or the motor starter. Overloadto have (+/-) 24% adjustability, single-phase sensitivity, and isolated alarm contact, andmanual or automatic reset-- OR --3. Solid-State Overload RelayNote to Spec. Writer – Insert data in blanksNote to Spec. Writer – Select onea. Provide a solid-state overload relay for protection of the motors. The relay shall beCutler-Hammer type CEP7 or approved equal.b. The overload relay shall provide high accuracy through the use of state-of-the-artmicroelectronic packaging technology. The relay shall be suitable for applicationwith NEMA Size 1 through Size 7 motor starters.c. The overload relay shall be modular in design, be an integral part of a family ofrelays to provide a choice of levels of protection, replace existing electromechanicaloverload relays, and be listed under UL Standard 508.d. The overload relay shall have the following features:1. Be self-powered2. Class 10 or 20 fixed tripping characteristics3. Manual or automatic reset4. Phase loss protection. The relay shall trip in 2 seconds or less underphase loss condition when applied to a fully loaded motor5. Visible trip indication6. One normally open and one normally closed isolated auxiliary contact7. Test button that operates the normally closed contact8. Test trip function that trips both the normally open and one normally closedcontacts9. A current adjustment range of 3.2:1 or greater10. Ambient temperature compensated4. NEMA Size 00 through 2 starters shall be suitable for the addition of at least six (6)external auxiliary contacts of any arrangement normally open or normally closed . Size3 through 7 starters shall be suitable for the addition of up to six (6) external auxiliarycontacts of any arrangement normally open or normally closed5. Across-the-line magnetic starters for motors up to 600 hp, 600 volts shall be Cutler-Hammer Freedom Series type “ECN” enclosed-- OR --A. Vacuum Starters1. Vacuum starters shall incorporate “low-chop” interrupters and limit chop currents to lessthan 0.5 amperes. Contact material to be silver tungsten carbide2. Interrupters shall have contact wear detection indicators3. Vacuum starters shall have front removable coil and auxiliaries4. The contactor coil shall utilize rectified AC current5. Provide a “push-to-test” button for Sizes 5 and 66. Vacuum contactors shall be Cutler-Hammer Class V200 for non-reversing andClass V210 for reversing7. Overload relays shall be an ambient compensated bimetallic-type with interchangeableheaters, calibrated for 1.0 and 1.15 service factor motors. Electrically isolated normallyopen/normally closed contacts shall be provided on the relay. Visual trip indication shallbe standard. A test trip feature shall be provided for ease of troubleshooting and shallbe conveniently operable without removing components or the motor starter. Overload Note to Spec. Writer – Select oneto have (+/-) 24% adjustability, single-phase sensitivity, and isolated alarm contact andmanual or automatic reset-- OR --7. Solid-State Overload Relaya. Provide a solid-state overload relay for protection of the motors. The relay shall beCutler-Hammer type CEP7 or approved equal.b. The overload relay shall provide high accuracy through the use of state-of-the-artmicroelectronic packaging technology. The relay shall be suitable for applicationwith NEMA Size 1 through Size 7 motor starters.c. The overload relay shall be modular in design, be an integral part of a family ofrelays to provide a choice of levels of protection, be designed to directly replaceexisting electromechanical overload relays, and be listed under UL Standard 508.d. The overload relay shall have the following features:1. Be self-powered2. Class 10 or 20 fixed tripping characteristics3. Manual or automatic reset4. Phase loss protection. The relay shall trip in 2 seconds or less under phase losscondition when applied to a fully loaded motor5. Visible trip indication6. One normally open and one normally closed isolated auxiliary contact7. Test button that operates the normally closed contact8. Test trip function that trips both the normally open/normally closed contacts9. A current adjustment range of 3.2:1 or greater10. Ambient temperature compensated-- OR --A. Motor Starters – IT Design1. Provide electromechanical type motor starters with coil control and overload integratedinto a single or dual microcontroller2. The motor starter shall operate over a temperature range of -40 to 149 degrees F (-40to 65 degrees C) and shall meet or exceed the following Standards and Certifications:UL, CSA, NEMA ICS1, ICS2, ICS5, IEC 60947-4-1, CE and KEMA where applicable.Devices shall meet Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements per EMC IEC61000-43. Provide one toroidal current sensor per phase accurate to 2% providing input to analogcircuitry and software, which yields a time-current curve paralleling actual motorheating. Motor FLA shall be set via a potentiometer for 1.0 or greater Service Factorsettings4. Provide user selectable overload Trip Class of 5, 10, 20 and 30 on each OverloadRelay. To adjust factory defaults, trip class shall be manually changed using the testbutton and FLA dial5. Provide phase loss and phase current unbalance protection. If the phase unbalance ofany phase is greater than, or less than, approximately 50% of the average, the device Note to Spec. Writer – Select onetrips. This feature is user enabled/disabled and manually changed using the Testbutton and FLA dial6. Provide each motor starter with a lockable cover that prevents unwanted tampering ofFLA dial settings once installed7. Provide a microcontroller with the following features:a. Monitor the nominal 24 Vdc and adjust the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)accordingly to minimize utilized power and maximize contact sealed force.b. Energizes coil at full voltage and then applies Pulse Width Modulation.c. Monitors user control inputs (i.e., permissive {stop}, forward, reverse, local reset,remote reset, test/test to trip. Control inputs shall be rated are 24 Vdc (3–5 mA) witha plug and unplug lockable control connector.d. Operates an LED indicator which displays a flash sequence for thermal capacitiesover 70%, test button depression, trip indication, class setting, phaseenablement/disablement, and microcontroller reset condition.e. Monitors 3-Phase current into a common node.f. Sweeps the current waveform to avoid synchronizing with the current waveform.g. Provides Thermal Memory (in addition, Thermal Pile, Thermal Capacity) which shallbe saved to non-volatile memory for safety purposes in the event of a power loss orremoval and restore event.h. Controls an alarm output, which is a solid-state open collector or emitter type outputat 24 Vdc 250 mA.i. Shall solve a first order differential equation for an actual motor heating model tocalculate trip points.j. Provides an “alarm only” or “alarm without trip” mode for critical must-runapplications.k. Provides built-in logic to provide either 2- or 3-wire control, eliminating the need to provide and wire auxiliary contacts to seal-in and interlock the contactor coil.l. £Starter can be easily networked with the appropriate Starter Network Adapter device communicating to a factory bus.8. Control Voltages:a. The starter voltage shall be nominal 24 Vdc from 20 to 28 Vdc.9. Motor starters shall have replaceable fixed and movable contacts, Size 1 through 510. Motor starters shall have no laminations, shading coils, or magnet noise11. Accessoriesa. Motor starters shall accommodate auxiliary contacts per various maximumcombinations of single and dual auxiliaries. Maximum number of circuits shall be six(6) for Size 1 through 4 and twelve (12) for Size 5 starters. Contacts shall be ratedten (10) amperes continuous, 7200 VA make, 720 VA break for 120 Vac, 3600 VAmake, 360 VA break for 240 Vac, 1800 VA make, 180 VA break for 480 Vac 1440VA make, 144 VA break for 600 Vac, and 137.5 VA make and break for 125through 250 Vdc. No seal-in auxiliary contacts are required.b. Provide mechanical interlock on reversing contactors of a pivot-type mechanism toprevent closing of one contactor when the other is closed. Coil Controller energizesboth forward and reverse contactors providing one control point for wiring.£ Note to Spec. Writer – Optionalc. Provide control modules to perform the indicated input/output control functionsshown on the drawings. Module shall incorporate faceplates having membrane typepushbuttons and LED’s. All pushbutton and LED functions shall be provided withclearly written identification. Modules shall be provided with the ability to replaceconventional start, stop, hand, auto control functions, and overload reset function.Modules shall be provided with the ability to replace conventional indicating lightstatus of run, off, selector switch pushbutton position, and overload trip and circuitbreaker trip.12. Microprocessor-based motor starters shall be Cutler-Hammer IT series orapproved equal13. All printed wiring boards shall be conformal coated to provide environmental robustness14. £Motor starters shall provide Manual, Remote Reset, or Auto Reset capability2.03 ENCLOSURESA. The enclosure shall be NEMA 3R. £Provide [narrow], [standard], or [oversized] enclosure.2.04 ACCESSORIESA. Each starter shall be equipped with [HOA selector switch] [start pushbutton]. Unlessotherwise specified, the secondary shall be 120 Vac.B. Pilot devices, where specified, shall be oil-tight and mounted in the flange. Pilot lights shallbe transformer-type for extended lamp life. Pilot device nameplates shall be engravedphenolic or aluminum.C. Starters shall have [an adjustable instantaneous motor circuit protector (HMCP) type] [athermal-magnetic circuit breaker type] [a fusible type] [a non-fused type] disconnect device.D. £Where indicated on the drawings, pump panel controllers shall be suitable for ServiceEntrance use.2.05 £ALTERNATORA. An alternator shall be provided for duplexing and alternation of two pumps.PART 3 EXECUTION3.01 FACTORY TESTINGA. Standard factory tests shall be performed on the equipment provided under this section. Alltests shall be in accordance with the latest version of UL and NEMA standards.B. The manufacturer shall provide three (3) certified copies of factory test reports.£ Note to Spec. Writer – OptionalNote to Spec. Writer – Select one3.02 FIELD QUALITY CONTROLA. Provide the services of a qualified factory-trained manufacturer’s representative to assistthe Contractor in installation and startup of the equipment specified under this section. Themanufacturer’s representative shall provide technical direction and assistance to theContractor in general assembly of the equipment, connections and adjustments, andtesting of the assembly and components contained herein.B. The Contractor under the technical direction of the manufacturer’s service representativeshall perform the following minimum work.1. Inspection and final adjustments2. Operational and functional checks of controllers/starters and spare partsC. The Contractor shall provide three (3) copies of the manufacturer’s field startup report3.03 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATIONA. A qualified factory-trained manufacturer’s representative shall certify in writing that theequipment has been installed, adjusted and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’srecommendations.B. The Contractor shall provide three (3) copies of the manufacturer’s representative’scertification.3.04 TRAININGA. The Contractor shall provide a training session for up to five (5) owner’s representatives for____ normal workdays at a job site location determined by the owner.B. The training shall be conducted by a manufacturer’s qualified representative.C. The training program shall consist of the following:1. Instructions on the proper maintenance and operation of the equipment.Note to Spec. Writer – Insert data in blanks。

低压加热器安装说明书D00.20SM上海电气电站设备有限公司★★★：以下仅仅提醒安装和使用人员 （详细安装运行问题请见后面各章节）★： 保持稳定和一定高的加热器水位，不仅对机组和加热器效率、安全运行很重要，低水位运行将引起加热器内部汽水二相流，导致加热器传热管迅速泄漏、损坏。

因此要求不仅要调整加热器冷态水位，而且加热器要进行热态水位调整。

是否建立了水位,是以疏水端差来衡量。

★： 加热器不同的传热管对水质有不同的要求，水质对加热器传热管损坏影响极大。

对于碳钢推荐 PH 9.5以上对于不锈钢、碳钢系统推荐 PH9.5对于铜管推荐 PH8.8--9.0★:机组启停的温升温降率对加热器的寿命影响见2.2.1章节。

★:安全阀出口管须支撑。

★: 加热器水位功能:高一水位报警 发声光信号高二水位报警 发声光信号，危急疏水阀打开高三水位报警 发声光信号，高加解列 加热器水位值推荐:卧式低加 正常水位为零水位低一水位 -38mm高一水位 +38mm高二水位 +88mm高三水位 +138mm立式低加 正常水位零水位低一水位 -50mm高一水位 +50mm高二水位 +150mm高三水位 +250mm★: 运行人员应注意疏水调节阀开度，一旦开度变大，应注意加热器是否发生泄漏，因为不及时发现泄漏，将冲蚀周围传热管并引起更大面积的损坏。

★: 如使用非焊接性的临时堵头,不得对壳侧进行水压试验。

前 言本说明书提供给有关操作人员，在了解设备结构，熟悉操作程序，排除故障，掌握检修、保养等方面作参考，以便使操作人员使用液设备时收到最佳效果。

在应用本说明书之前，需适当考虑其他设备的要求和一些特殊情况。

说明书中不可能包括设备的所有细节，也不可能将设备在运行和维修中产生的不可预见的意外情况加以叙述和作出规定。

为了使设备长期安全可靠地运行，并达到设计规定的预期效果，正确的操作和妥善地保养极为重要，此外正确的安装和调试也很重要。

希运行操作人员能切实贯彻本说明书有关条例。

京能集团运行人员培训教程BEIH Plant Course低加系统LP Heater SYSTEMTD NO.100.X目录1.教程介绍 (4)2.相关专业理论基础知识 (5)3.系统的任务及作用 (7)3.1.1.抽汽回热系统作用 (7)3.1.2.加热器的作用 (8)3.1.3.低加的作用 (8)4.系统构成及流程 (9)4.1低加系统的构成 (9)4.2低加系统流程 (9)5.设备规范及运行参数 (11)6.设备结构及工作原理 (12)6.1低压加热器结构 (12)6.2低压加热器工作原理 (15)6.3低压加热器的管板-U形管 (16)7.控制及联锁保护 (17)7.1低加水位报警保护设置 (17)7.2五段抽汽逆止门前、五段抽汽电动门前后疏水门的联锁与保护 (17)7.3六段抽汽逆止门前、六段抽汽电动门前后疏水门的联锁与保护 (17)7.4五段抽汽电动门、逆止门的联锁与保护 (18)7.5六段抽汽电动门、逆止门的联锁与保护 (18)7.6#5、6低加出入口电动门联锁与保护 (18)7.7#5、6低加旁路电动门的联锁与保护 (18)7.87A/7B低加出、入口电动门的联锁与保护 (19)7.97A/7B低加旁路电动门的联锁与保护 (19)8.基本运行操作 (20)8.1低压加热器的投运 (20)8.2低压加热器的停运 (20)9.巡回检查标准 (21)10.设备检修安全措施 (23)11.常见异常故障 (24)11.1加热器振动 (24)11.2加热器水位高 (24)11.3加热器端差大 (25)12.安全警示(安规及25项反措要求) (26)13.事故案例 (28)某厂5段抽汽波纹补偿器爆裂 (28)14.设备附图 (34)14.1低加结构示意图 (34)14.2低加系统就地画面 (35)14.3#7低加就地图片 (36)14.4低加水位计图片 (36)14.5低加就地水位计图片 (37)14.6低加安全门图片 (39)14.7低加疏放水及排空系统图 (39)15.标准试题库 (41)15.1选择题 (41)15.2判断题 (42)15.3简答题 (42)15.4问答题 (43)16.培训检测表 (44)17.延伸阅读 (45)17.1蒸汽冷却器 (45)17.2表面式加热器的分类 (48)1.教程介绍本教程详尽介绍了发电厂低加系统，包含了发电厂运行维护人员从事本系统相关工作所必须掌握的专业基础理论知识、系统的构成及相关联接、系统中各设备的工作原理、设备系统的启停操作及正常运行调整、节能经济运行方式、各种工况下巡回检查的内容及标准、设备检修维护时安全隔离要求及措施、作业危险因素的分析及防止、系统常见故障的分析处理、运行过程中的事故预想及演练、相关的定期切换及试验要求等内容。

给排水设计手册第二册给排水设计手册第二册是一本涵盖了给水系统和排水系统设计的重要专业手册，它对于建筑工程、市政工程等领域的设计人员具有重要指导意义。

本手册内容涵盖了给水系统、排水系统的基本原理、设计规范、管道材料选用、设备选型、安装调试等方面的知识。

下面将从以下几个方面对给排水设计手册第二册进行详细论述。

给排水设计手册第二册包含了给水系统的相关知识。

在建筑工程中，给水系统是一个至关重要的组成部分，它不仅影响到建筑物内部的日常生活用水，还涉及到消防用水等诸多方面。

本手册详细介绍了给水系统的设计原则、水质要求、水源选取、管道布置、泵站选型等内容，使设计人员能够根据实际情况科学合理地设计出满足需求的给水系统。

给排水设计手册第二册也包含了排水系统的相关知识。

排水系统在建筑工程中同样扮演着重要的角色，它不仅影响着建筑物内部的污水排放和雨水排放，还关系到环境保护和公共卫生等方面。

本手册详细介绍了排水系统的设计原则、排水方式、管道材料选用、雨水收集利用等内容，为设计人员提供了科学规范的设计指导。

给排水设计手册第二册还介绍了相关的管道材料选用、设备选型、安装调试等内容。

管道材料的选用直接关系到给排水系统的使用寿命和运行效果，因此设计人员需要结合实际情况选择合适的管道材料。

而设备选型和安装调试则是确保给排水系统正常运行的关键环节，本手册对这些内容进行了详细的介绍和说明，为设计人员提供了实用性的设计参考。

给排水设计手册第二册还包括了一些实际案例和运行维护方面的内容。

通过对一些典型的给排水系统案例进行分析和总结，设计人员可以更好地理解设计原理和规范要求，并能够在实际设计中更加得心应手。

运行维护方面的内容也为设计人员提供了搞好给排水系统后续管理工作的重要参考。

给排水设计手册第二册作为一本权威的专业设计手册，它系统全面地介绍了给水系统和排水系统的设计内容，对设计人员具有重要的指导意义。

它不仅有助于设计人员掌握给排水系统设计的基本理论和规范要求，还能够帮助他们在实际工作中更好地应用所学知识。

给排水设计手册第二册
《给排水设计手册第二册》是一本涵盖了给水和排水系统设计方面的权威参考手册，旨在为工程师和设计师提供全面的技术指导和实用信息。

该手册涵盖了建筑物内外的给水和排水系统设计，包括管道、泵站、阀门、水箱等方面的内容，是相关领域的权威参考资料。

本手册主要分为四大部分，每一部分都具有全面细致的内容，以及实用的案例分析，为读者提供了深入和全面的参考资料。

第一部分主要是建筑物内给水系统的设计，重点考虑了供水管道布置、水质保障、消防给水等方面内容。

针对不同场所的建筑需要，提供了详细的设计要求和实例，例如高层建筑的供水系统设计、商业综合体的给水系统设计等。

第二部分涉及排水系统的设计，包括了建筑物内外的排水系统设计、雨水排放系统设计等内容。

此部分详细介绍了管道布置、管材选择、防馆排气设计等技术要点，以及实用的排水系统设计方案。

第三部分聚焦于给排水设备的选型和配置，详细介绍了泵站、阀门、水箱、水处理设备等的选择和配置原则，并提供了相关设计计算和实用案例，帮助读者更好地理解相关设备的应用。

第四部分是关于给排水系统的运行维护和管理，强调了系统运行管理的重要性，介绍了常见问题的排查和解决方法，同时也提供了日常维护和保养的建议。

《给排水设计手册第二册》以其全面的内容和实用的案例分析，为设计师和工程师提供了宝贵的参考资料，是一本不可多得的权威手册。

希望读者可以通过学习和实践，更好地运用本手册提供的知识，为建筑物的给排水系统设计提供更加科学合理的方案。