英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本 第五版 端木义万lesson 5 Food and Obesity

Lesson 20 East Versus West东西方观念和思维的差异classmates chime in.同学插话。

That kind of collectivism confirms the commonly held belief that learning by organic induction is more effective than rote memorization.这种集体主义证实了有机归纳学习比死记硬背更有效的普遍信念。

Why do you find, in a music conservatory, a lot of Asian would-be concert pianists but comparatively few Asian opera-singers-in-training?为什么在音乐学院会有很多想成为钢琴家的亚洲人，而受训的亚洲歌剧演员却相对较少?There's a physical limit to how many hours a day a person can sing, Nisbett says, but not to how many hours one can practice sonatas.尼斯贝特说，一个人每天唱歌的时间有生理上的限制，但练习奏鸣曲的时间没有生理上的限制。

He attributes these differences to history.他将这些差异归因于历史。

East Asian agriculture was a communal venture in which tasks like irrigation and crop rotation had citizens acting in concert.东亚农业是一种公共事业，其中灌溉和作物轮作等任务需要公民协同行动。

In contrast, Western food production led to more lone-operator farmers and herdsmen. 相比之下，西方食品生产导致了更多的孤独的农民和牧民。

Lesson 7 ：Cities and Suburbs Are Trading Places远程办公Young Singles, Other ‘Non-Families’ Taking Over Outer Areas, Study Shows研究显示，单身青年和其他“非家庭成员”占据了周边地区By D’Vera Cohn.A role reversal between cities and suburbs is rewriting a demographic script that has dominated American life for decades.城市和郊区之间的角色转换正在改写几十年来主导美国生活的人口统计学脚本。

Young singles, elderly widows and other such “non-family households”now outnumber married-with-children homes in the nation’s suburbs, creating changes in demand for housing, entertainment and services in the communities where most Americans live.在美国的郊区，年轻的单身人士、年老的寡妇和其他类似的“无家庭家庭”现在的数量超过了结婚带孩子的家庭，这就改变了大多数美国人居住的社区对住房、娱乐和服务的需求。

At the same time, the married-with-children families often thought of as typically suburban are increasing in many growing cities of the South and West, according to a study based on the 2000 Census to be released today by the Brookings Institution.与此同时，布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)今天发布的一项基于2000年人口普查的研究显示，在美国南部和西部许多发展中城市，通常被认为是典型的郊区已婚带孩子家庭的人数正在增加。

课⽂翻译英美报刊阅读教程中级精选本第五版端⽊义万Lesson7Lesson 7 ：Cities and Suburbs Are Trading Places远程办公Young Singles, Other ‘Non-Families’ Taking Over Outer Areas, Study Shows研究显⽰，单⾝青年和其他“⾮家庭成员”占据了周边地区By D’Vera Cohn.A role reversal between cities and suburbs is rewriting a demographic script that has dominated American life for decades.城市和郊区之间的⾓⾊转换正在改写⼏⼗年来主导美国⽣活的⼈⼝统计学脚本。

Young singles, elderly widows and other such “non-family households”now outnumber married-with-children homes in the nation’s suburbs, creating changes in demand for housing, entertainment and services in the communities where most Americans live.在美国的郊区，年轻的单⾝⼈⼠、年⽼的寡妇和其他类似的“⽆家庭家庭”现在的数量超过了结婚带孩⼦的家庭，这就改变了⼤多数美国⼈居住的社区对住房、娱乐和服务的需求。

At the same time, the married-with-children families often thought of as typically suburban are increasing in many growing cities of the South and West, according to a study based on the 2000 Census to be released today by the Brookings Institution.与此同时，布鲁⾦斯学会(Brookings Institution)今天发布的⼀项基于2000年⼈⼝普查的研究显⽰，在美国南部和西部许多发展中城市，通常被认为是典型的郊区已婚带孩⼦家庭的⼈数正在增加。

Lesson5 Food and ObesityBeing fat is be coming the norm for Americans.As it will soon be come in this country, I have seen the future, and it's extra large.By Joan SmithA friend who happens to be both American and a superb cook-his poulet de Bresse en deuil is one of the most memorable dishes I have tasted--called me a couple of days ago,enthusing about a lecture he had just at ended.The thesis,he said,was that the human body has changed irrevocably over the last quarter of a century and that the physical environment—chairs,beds, airline seats-will gradually adapt to accommodate the new shape.It is,of course,in the US, where my friend no longer lives,that this evolutionary experiment is most advanced;for years now, millions of people have been gorging themselves on vast helpings of fast food, with the consequence that about 60 percent of the population is overweight.According to Greg Critser, author of Fat Land：How Americans Became the Fattest People in the Word, none of this has happened by accident. Critser argues that the challenge to the US food industry in the 1970s was that the population was growing more slowly than the food supply, so people had to be persuaded to change their eating habits. Fast food, invented after the Second World War as an affordable way of getting families to eat together, became a means of selling surplus fat and sugar to the far-from-unwilling masses. This is a social revolution on a grand scale as scarcity, with which most human beings have had to struggle throughout history, has given way to an apparently permanent state of plenty.It may also help to explain why the magician David Blaine, suspended without food in a Perspex box beside Tower Bridge,has such a grip on people's imaginations.In an astonishingly short period of time, starvation has metamorphosed from a threat to a spectacle, and families are turning out en mass eat weekends to see how his hunger strike is going. For the fifth of the British population who are obese, and unused to doing without food for more than a few hours, the notion of someone giving it up for 44 days is unthinkable, some normal-size people have turned up to mock, throwing egg, cooking food and even trying to cut off the water supply to the hung American. Perhaps this is the point, that there are so few starving Americans in the world, which makes his self-imposed ordeal appear ludicrously self-indulgent.Yet it is possible to take Critser’s argument a stage further and suggest that millions of Americans are trapped between two industries, fast food and slimming, which enjoy a cosily symbiotic relationship. Research by a fast-food chain showed that what customers cared about was neither taster nor quality but portion size; what they have come to expect from food, and what their neighbours are beginning to want as well-obesity has increased by 158 per cent in Mexico in a decade, since fast food outlets began to replace the traditional diet-is a feeling of being stuffed to the gills. Cooking has become a spectator sport, something to watch famous people do on telly, as the populations of affluent countries rely increasingly on supermarket meals and takeaways. For many people, eating has become an addiction rather than a pleasure, and going on a diet merely replaces on morbid habit with another.In the circumstances, it is not really surprising that people are confused andangered by Blaine, whose stunt highlights the disordered relation to eating which has become habitual in Western societies. Far from being an object of derision as his body enters ketosis, the state in which it starts to consume itself, he should logically be the envy of all those individuals who are endlessly trying Atking and other fashionable diets. We are so used to hearing people pay to get hungry, turning the condition of starving Africans into a longed-for luxury. There is something shaming about this, and about the extent to which so many people-like Kafka’s hunger artist, who was addicted to starving-have lost control of their appetites.Perhaps the thesis my friend described to me on the phone is correct, and houses and cars and planes will just have to get bigger as the human race-the affluent part of it, that is-continues to inflate itself with empty calories. Bizarrely, being fat is fast becoming the norm for Americans, and even in this country it will soon be people like me(5ft 5in and a paltry nine stone) who are the freaks. I have seen the future, and it’s extra large.Plain food moves up a classI was supposed to give a talk myself at the weekend, on food and class, but had to pull out because of an annoyingly persistent throat virus. I was going to discuss “ eating above your station”, which is something I learnt to do, like many people of my generation, when I went to university. Until then, I had scarcely ever eaten in a restaurant and I had never tried what my family referred to as “foreign muck”. Ever macaroni cheese was too exotic for my parents, who tipped it into the bin when I came home from cookery class with a Pyrex dish full of overcooked pasta and melted cheddar.Food was plain, served on a plate with thick portions of gravy or custard, and the idea of helping yourself from serving dishes seemed the height of sophistication. What strikes me now, looking back on that traditional working-class diet, is that it was unadventurous but it didn’t do me ant harm. My father grew vegetables, my mother shelled peas and sliced carrots, and I don’t recall anyone in my family being overweight. It’s hard to eat too much when someone else puts the food on your plate. These days, if a working-class diet can be said to exist, it is surperficially much more cosmopolitan-curries, pizza, the ubiquitous Chinese takeaway-but adapted to satisfy the British appetite for saturated fat, salt and sugar.In a curious reversal, plain food-simple grilled fish with a green salad, such as the wonderful meal I ate in Marbella in the summer-has become the province of the middle class. I am one of those lucky people who changed class at the right time and in the right direction, but the effects of our eating habits-a slender elite, as millions of ordinary people pile on the pounds-suggest that class divisions are as deep as ever.Bring on the euroI was driving back from a health farm the other day when the friend with whom I had just shared three days of massage, facials and Pilates said rather nervously that she wanted to ask me a question. I naturally assumed that she wanted to talk about men, underwear or the least painful way of shaving your legs, as women do when they know each other well, but it turned out to be something far more intimate. Am I, she asked, in favour of joining the euro?Oh God, anything but that. Admitting that you fell no attachment to the pound, and would like to use the euro in Waitrose, is like telling your friends that you have joined a weird sect. I don’t think people spend much time thinking about Gordon Brown’s five economic tests, but there is a presumption that the British did jolly week to stay out of the eurozone when all those foreigners gave up their currencies almost two years ago. And now we’re supposed to admire the Swedes for resoundingly voting “No” at the weekend.I don’t think I’ve ever confessed this in public before, and I suspect I won’t be invited to any smart parties for weeks at the very least. But I really want to join the euro. And since we both came out somewhere on the M1-it was a relief, I can tell you-I now know at least one other person who feels the same.。

Lesson 19 It's a Glad, Sad, Mad World主观幸福感Where you live, as much a show you live, is a key influence on the feel-good factor你住在哪里，就像你在现场表演一样，是影响你感觉良好的关键因素By Walter KirnIt's almost impossible for most people in well-off countries to begin to understand how it feels to live in the extreme poverty of Calcutta, surviving in India's third largest city in a shack, or on the street with little access to clean water,food or health care.对于生活在富裕国家的大多数人来说，他们几乎不可能开始理解生活在印度第三大城市加尔各答的极度贫困中是什么感觉，在一个简陋的棚子里生存，或者在没有干净的水、食物或医疗保健的街道上生存。

The filth. The crowds. The disease.污秽、人群、疾病。

From the perspective of the comfortably housed and amply fed, these conditions sound hopeless, and the suffering they must breed seems unimaginable.从那些住得舒舒服服、吃得饱的人的角度来看，这些条件听起来让人绝望，它们所带来的痛苦似乎难以想象。

But not as unimaginable as this: according to a researcher who employs a method of ranking human happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, poor Calcuttans score about a 4, meaning they' reslightly more happy than not.但没有这么不可思议:根据一位研究人员使用一种方法给人类幸福打分，分值从1到7，贫穷的Calcuttans给出的了4分，表示他们的幸福程度稍微高一些。

Lesson4 Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It？花钱读常春藤名校值不值？1.如果愿意的话，施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）本来是可以去一所常春藤联盟（Ivy League）院校读书的。

他只是认为不值。

2.18 岁的施瓦茨被康奈尔大学（Cornell University）录取了，但他最终却去了纽约市立大学麦考利荣誉学院（City University of New York’s Macaulay Honors College），后者是免费的。

3.施瓦茨说，加上奖学金和贷款的支持，家里原本是可以付得起康奈尔的学费的。

但他想当医生，他觉得医学院是更有价值的一项投资。

私立学校医学院一年的花费动辄就要4 万5 美元。

他说，不值得为了一个本科文凭一年花5 万多美元。

4.助学贷款违约率日益攀升，大量的大学毕业生找不到工作，因此越来越多的学生认定，从一所学费不太贵的学校拿到的学位和从一所精英学校拿到的文凭没什么区别，并且不必背负贷款负担。

5.Robert Pizzo 越来越多的学生选择收费较低的公立大学，或选择住在家里走读以节省住房开支。

美国学生贷款行销协会（Sallie Mae）的一份报告显示，2010 年至2011 学年，家庭年收入10 万美元以上的学生中有近25%选择就读两年制的公立学校，高于上一学年12%的比例。

6.这份报告称，这样的选择意味着，在2010 至2011 学年，各个收入阶层的家庭在大学教育上的花费比上一年少9%，平均支出为21,889 美元，包括现金、贷款、奖学金等。

高收入家庭的大学教育支出降低了18%，平均为25,760 美元。

这份一年一度的报告是在对约1,600 名学生和家长进行问卷调查后完成的。

7.这种做法是有风险的。

顶级大学往往能吸引到那些已经不再去其他学校招聘的公司前来招聘。

在许多招聘者以及研究生院看来，精英学校的文凭还是更有吸引力的。

美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万No ideal may be held more sacred in America, or be more coveted by others,than the principle of individual freedom.在美国，没有什么理想比个人自由原则更神圣，也没有什么理想比个人自由原则更令人垂涎。

Given the chance to pursue the heart's desires, our Utopian vision claims, each of ushas the ability and the right to make our dreams come true.我们乌托邦式的愿景宣称，只要有机会去追求内心的渴望，我们每个人都有能力和权利去实现自己的梦想。

This extraordinary individualism has prevailed as the core doctrine of the New Worldthrough four centuries, bringing with it an unrelenting pressure to prove one's self.四个世纪以来，这种非凡的个人主义一直是新世界的核心信条，随之而来的是证明自我的无情压力。

The self-made man has been America's durable icon, whether personified by theprairie homesteader or the high-tech entrepreneur.'白手起家的人是美国经久不衰的偶像，无论是草原上的农场主还是高科技企业家都是他们的化身。

”Yet, from the beginning,the idea of a community of rugged individualists struckmany as an oxymoron. In the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville warned that the tendencyof Americans to do their own thing could very likely doom the country. 然而，从一开始，由粗犷的个人主义者组成的社会这个想法就给许多人以矛盾的感觉。

美英报刊文章阅读精选本第五版课程设计一、课程背景英语是世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一，几乎涵盖了全球所有的人。

在全球化的背景下，学习英语的需求日益增加。

而阅读是英语学习的关键技能之一，通过阅读可以增加词汇量，了解不同的文化，开阔视野。

因此，通过阅读美英报刊文章可以提高学生的英语阅读能力、丰富学生的知识储备、拓宽学生的视野。

二、课程目的通过本次课程设计，旨在提高学生的英语阅读能力，培养学生的信息获取能力、综合分析能力和思辨能力，以及了解西方社会及文化。

三、教学内容和方法1.教学内容本次课程设计内容主要是美英报刊文章的阅读和分析。

包括各个领域的文章，例如：时事政治、经济财经、科技、文化娱乐等。

每次课程将选取一到两篇较为优秀的美英报刊文章进行阅读和分析。

2.教学方法•整体阅读法学生在课前提前阅读文章，教师在课堂上对文章的整体内容进行梳理和探讨。

•细节理解法通过学生提出问题、重点标注等方式进行文章的逐字逐句的深入理解。

•主题分析法结合文章的主题和背景知识，学生进行文章主旨的归纳和概括。

•互动讨论法学生分组进行小组讨论，交流意见和看法，提高学生的思维能力和口头表达能力。

3.教学评价1.每次阅读任务后，要求学生按时完成作业，并在课堂上进行互相分享和讨论。

2.集中测试和期末考试。

集中测试主要针对课堂掌握的细节和理解能力，期末考试主要测试学生的综合阅读和分析能力。

3.课程评价将分为两个部分，即课堂表现和作业完成情况。

其中，课堂表现占40%，作业完成情况占60%。

四、教学重点和难点1.阅读技巧的习得，特别是针对语言和文化差异方面的问题。

2.对原文的理解和分析能力的提升，这需要学生具有一定的背景知识和较强的逻辑思维能力。

五、教学进度和安排1.第一周：课程介绍，学生选定报纸和杂志，规划课程，明确要求。

2.第二周到第十三周：每周选取一到两篇较为优秀的美英报刊文章进行阅读和分析。

3.第十四周：集中测试。

4.第十五周到第十六周：期末考试及课程总结。