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印制电路技术规范1．0．前言(Introduction)本章叙述刚性印制板和高密度互连(HDI)层或板的技术要求，标志、包装、运输和贮存的基本原则。
本章提及的印制板通常是指带有镀通孔(即金属化孔)的双面、多层板，带有或不带埋／盲孔的多层板。
美国IPC协会(全称为美国连接电子业协会，Association Connecting Electronics lndustries)是全球印制板行业最有学术成就的组织，基于国内外大多数印制板生产企业和电子装配企业使用的是美国ICP协会的标准，本文说及的技术规范主要参照美国IPC最新版本的相关标准，亦参考使用了部份著名电子公司的企业标准，欧州标准(例如Perfag3c)和国家标准。
1．1 参考标准(Reference Starard)•IPC-6012A．刚性印制板的鉴定和性能规范．(Qualitication and performance specification fOrRigid Printed Boards)．•IPC-A-600F．印制板的可接收性(Acceptability Of Printed Board)•IPC-4101A．刚性和多层印制板基材技术规范(Specification For Base Materials For Rigid andMuhilayer Printed Boards)．•IPC-A-650试验方法手册(Test MethodsManual)•IPC-2615．印制板的尺寸和公差(PrintedBoard Dimensions and Tolerances)•IPC-6016高密度互连(CDI)层或板的鉴定和性能规范(Qualification and Performance Specification For HiSh Density Interconnect CHDI)Layer Or Boards)•ANSI／J-STD-003印制板可焊性试验(Solderabil卸Test For Printed Board)(注：ANSI，American National Standards lnstitude，美国国家标准)•IPC-2220设计标准系列(Design standardsenes)•IPC-SM-840C永久性阻焊膜的鉴别和性能(Qualification and Performance Of Permanent SolderMask)•FERFAG 3C多层板技术规范(欧州标准，1999出版)(Specification For Muhilayer Boards)．•UL-796．印制线路板安全标准(Standard ForSafety Printed Wiring Board)•UL-94．装置及设备中部件用塑料的燃燃性试验。
HDi SeriesHigh DefinitionIndustrial Video RecorderHDi-250High Definition Industrial Video Recorder shown with optional slot-load&removable hard drive.The HDi recorders are a series of versatile disk-based video recorders designed for industrial,scientific, educational and military video recording. Features include:HD/SD Recording&PlaybackAuto Detect TV Standard&ResolutionCrestron/AMX compatible RS-232&TCP/IP Remote ControlWindows Network Accessible FilesSecure Network Protocol(SSL)Sensitive Operation Lockout via PIN Compact 1U Rackmount design with remov- able rack brackets allows for desktop opera- tion.High Definition Video up to HD1080i/p (1920 x1080) in MPEG-4 & MPEG-2.Video I/O for the HDi-250 is HDMI, Component and Composite with 2-channel stereo audio. The HDi-SDI adds SDI input as well. HD to DVDExclusive Dual-Stream Recording captures full HD video and transcodes/scales to DVD- format files simultaneously.Video Overlay is available as Date, Time or Date & Time in the picture.Responsive Display messages show status and record setup options as well as playback and disc burn options.HDi Control is as versatile as HDi recording. Many operations are available and via Serial RS-232, TCP/IP (Telnet) commands and Web GUI.Storage Options abound. Record to Hard Drive, Optical Disc, or USB device. The re- movable disk option ensures complete security and ease of changing media for different as- signmentsCool Running—The HDi-250 draws only about 2 Amps, and dual crossflow fans keepthe inside and outside coolOptical Storage: A DVD drive is standard. Files can be copied to the DVD disc (+R, -R, +RW) as files or formatted and recorded as DVD-Video discs with No Menu, Text Menu, or Motion Video Icon menus. Recordings can also be copied to a network drive or to the front USB port. The HDi can record files directly to a USB drive as well as directly to optical disc.Remote ProtocolFor LAN control, the HDi-250 uses the "BCD1" 4- character command protocol, standard with all BCD products since 1982. Commands like PLAY, RECS & STOP are enhanced with disc commands like COPY and BURN.Network SecurityConnection to the network and file transfer to Windows machines is selectable On/Off. Secure Shell/SSH is standard. For security, the HDi can be ordered with NO USB and NO network con- nectors.On-Board Help VideoAlways accessible from the Help Menu, this 16- minute “HowTo” video is the perfect “Getting Started” manual.GeneralThe unit occupies 1 rack space and is equipped with a single DVD +-R/+RW drive, complete in- formation display, HDMI, Component , Compos- ite Video I/O, RJ-45 & 9-pin serial jacks for re- mote control, and on-board video help.Ordering InformationHDi-250-HDD/DVD: High Definition Video Re- corder with Hard Disk and DVD recording drive. Inquire for other options.HDi-250 SpecificationsGeneralDimensions: (W x H x D) 18” x 1.75” x 17” Fits 19” EIA Rack Shipping Weight: 9lbsPower: 100VAC to 240VAC 50-440Hz, <30WOperating Temperature: +5 to +40C Storage Temperature: -20 to +60C Operating Humidity: 20 to 80%Recording System: Hard Disk, NTSC/PAL Recording File Formats: MP4, MPGRecording Media: DVD +/-RW, DVD +/-R,Input/OutputVideo : HDMI Input and HDMI Output Component (Y, Ry, By) BNC x6(HD Input Formats: 720p50, 720p59.94, 720p60, 1080i/p50, 1080i59.94, 1080i/p60, 1080p23.98, 1080p24, 1080p25, 1080p29.97 and 1080p30)Composite BNC x2 , SD Only, PAL/NTSC Audio In/Out: .7V p-p into 600 Ohms (RCA)ControlFront Panel Buttons w/VFD Display TCP/IP ASCII CommandsProtocol: RS-232 & TCP/IP “BCD1” protocol Web/GUI interfaceSpecifications and prices subject to change without notice.Niagara Video Corporation 5627 Stoneridge Drive Suite 316Pleasanton, CA 94588 925-399-7201Email: ***********************HDI_ds_H18a。
印制电路信息2020No.10HDI板一款HDI板制作技术介绍戴利华寻瑞平戴勇张华勇(江门崇达电路技术有限公司，广东省智能工控印制电路板工程技术研究中心，广东江门529000)摘要手机类HDI是时下最热门的高端印制板产品之一。
文章选取一款基于智能手机的2+4+2的HDI板，就其全流程制作以及管控做了初步阐释，希望能给业界同行提供一定的参考。
关键词印制电路板；高密度互连板；智能手机；精密线路中图分类号：TN41 文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-0096 (2020 ) 10-0041-05The introduction to the production technology of a HDI boardDai Lihua Xun Ruiping Dai Yong Zhang HuayongAbstract The smartphone PCB is still a kind of popular,high-end PCB product.This paper chose a2+4+2 HDI board based of Smartphone and elaborated the full process production and quality control,which,hopefully,could provide some references for scholars engaged in PCB industry.Key words PCB;HDI Board;Smartphone;nne line0前目印制电路板（PCB)行业是电子信息产品制造 的基础产业，也是全球电子元件细分产业中产值最 大的产业。
PCB应用领域广泛，小到手机、家电，大到航天、深海勘探等大型设备，只要存在电子 元器件，它们之间的支撑、互联就要用到PCB。
据 Strategy Analytics于2020年3月2日发布全球智能手 机出货量预测报告显示，由于新冠肺炎导致购物 者搁置其消费计划，该季度对智能手机的需求猛 跌，这是智能手机行业有史以来最差的季度表现。
HDI制作流程培训教程(增加附录条款)HDI（HighDensityInterconnector）制作流程培训教程1.前言本教程旨在为初学者提供HDI（HighDensityInterconnector）制作的详细流程，帮助读者掌握HDI制作的基本知识和技能。
通过本教程的学习，读者将能够了解HDI的制作原理、流程和关键环节，为从事相关工作奠定基础。
2.HDI简介HDI（HighDensityInterconnector）是一种高密度互连技术，主要用于印刷电路板（PCB）的制作。
HDI技术可以提高PCB的布线密度，减小PCB尺寸，降低信号传输延迟，提高信号完整性，从而满足高性能电子产品对PCB的要求。
HDI技术在方式、笔记本电脑、服务器等电子产品中得到了广泛应用。
3.HDI制作流程3.1材料准备1.基材：通常采用FR-4环氧玻璃布基材，具有良好的绝缘性能和机械强度。
2.铜箔：用于制作PCB的导电层，分为压延铜箔和电解铜箔两种。
3.焊接掩模：用于保护铜箔在焊接过程中不受氧化，提高焊接质量。
4.抗剥油：用于防止铜箔在后续工序中被剥离。
5.线路油墨：用于绘制线路图案。
6.抗焊油墨：用于保护线路在焊接过程中不受氧化。
7.焊接材料：如焊锡膏、助焊剂等。
3.2基材处理1.剪裁：根据设计要求，将基材剪裁成所需尺寸。
2.清洗：去除基材表面的污渍、油渍等，以保证后续工序的顺利进行。
3.打磨：对基材表面进行打磨，提高基材与铜箔的结合力。
3.3铜箔贴附1.涂覆抗剥油：在基材表面涂覆一层抗剥油，防止铜箔在后续工序中被剥离。
2.贴附铜箔：将铜箔贴附在基材上，采用热压或真空吸附等方式。
3.4线路制作1.涂覆线路油墨：在铜箔表面涂覆一层线路油墨，用于绘制线路图案。
2.曝光：将涂覆有线路油墨的铜箔暴露在紫外光下，使线路图案固化。
3.显影：将未固化的线路油墨清洗掉，露出铜箔上的线路图案。
4.蚀刻：将铜箔上未涂覆线路油墨的部分腐蚀掉，形成线路。
HDI1. IntroductionHDI, short for Human Development Index, is a composite statistic used to measure the overall development level of a country. It takes into account various factors such as life expectancy, education, and income to provide a comprehensive assessment of human well-being.2. Components of HDIThe HDI is comprised of three main dimensions: health, education, and income.2.1 HealthHealth is a crucial component of HDI and is measured using life expectancy at birth. This indicator reflects the overall health conditions and quality of healthcare services in a country. Higher life expectancy indicates better access to healthcare, improved living standards, and overall well-being of the population.2.2 EducationEducation is another significant dimension of HDI and is measured by the average years of schooling and expected years of schooling. The average years of schooling indicate the level of education attained by adults, while the expected years of schooling estimate the number of years a child of school-going age is expected to receive education.2.3 IncomeIncome, measured by gross national income (GNI) per capita, is the third component of HDI. It reflects the economic well-being of individuals in a country and is an essential factor in determining the overall development levels.3. Calculation of HDITo calculate the HDI, each of the three dimensions (health, education, and income) is given a normalized value between 0 and 1. These normalized values are then aggregated to obtain the final HDI score. The formula used for calculating HDI is as follows:HDI = (Health Index * Education Index * Income Index)^(1/3)4. HDI CategoriesBased on the HDI score, countries are classified into different categories to reflect their development levels. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) divides these categories as follows:•Very High Human Development: HDI >= 0.8•High Human Development: 0.7 <= HDI < 0.8•Medium Human Development: 0.55 <= HDI < 0.7•Low Human Development: HDI < 0.555. Importance of HDIHDI is an important tool for policymakers and researchers to assess and compare the development levels of different countries. It provides a broader perspective on development by considering multiple dimensions.By focusing on health, education, and income, HDI captures the overall well-being and quality of life of individuals. It allows policymakers to identify areas for improvement and take targeted actions to enhance the well-being of their populations.Additionally, HDI helps to track progress over time and measure the impact of policies and interventions. It provides a standardized indicator that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various development strategies.6. Criticisms of HDIWhile HDI is a widely used measure of human development, it has also faced criticisms. Some of the main criticisms include:•Simplistic Approach: HDI combines multiple dimensions into a single index, which may oversimplify the complex nature of development.•Limited Indicators: HDI focuses on a few key indicators and may not capture the entire spectrum of development aspects, such as inequality,environmental sustainability, and gender disparities.•Lack of Contextual Information: HDI does not provide in-depth contextual information about the specific challenges and issues faced by acountry.7. ConclusionHDI is a valuable tool for assessing and comparing the development levels of countries. By considering health, education, and income, it provides a broader understanding of human well-being. Despite its limitations, HDI contributes to the understanding of development and helps guide policy interventions aimed at improving the overall quality of life for individuals across the globe.。
人类发展指数H D I人类发展指数人类发展指数（Human Development Index)是由（UNDP）在《1990年人文发展报告》中提出的，用以衡量联合国各成员国经济社会发展水平的指标，是对传统的指标挑战的结果。
目录展开人类发展指数的由来1990年，联合国开发计划署选用收入水平、期望寿命指标和教育指数这三个指标，来把人文发展2008年人类发展指数2008年人类发展指数作为一个全面综合的度量。
1990年联合国开发计划署创立了人文发展指数(HDI)即以“预期寿命、教育水准和生活质量”三项基础变量按照一定的计算方法组成的综合指标。
自1990年以来，联合国开发计划署每年都发布世界各国的人文发展指数(HDI)在世界许多国家或地区颇有影响。
自1990年以来。
联合国开发计划署(UNDP)开始在《人类发展报告》中使用由预期寿命指数、教育成绩指数和实际人均GDP指数三大指标复合而成的人文发展指数义HDI)衡量各个国家人类发展水平。
人文发展指数是联合国开发计划署在1990年的《人类发展报告》中发布的。
经过若干年的研究和设计，美国海外开发署的Ｄ·莫里斯（Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ）博士提出的生活质量指数（ＰＱＬＩ指标）即用平均预期寿命、婴儿死亡率、识字率三项指标与联合国开发计划署出版的《人文发展报告》1990年）提出的用预期寿命、成人识字率和国民生产总值三项指标衡量消费构成质量成了世界通用的指标体系。
1990年5月，联合国开发计划署首次公布了人文发展指数（HDI），将经济指标与社会指标相结合，揭示了经济增长与社会发展的不平衡。
此外，外国的评估在年度之间差距过大，如人文发展指数，1990年中国被评为64位，而1994年以同样方法计算，中国的位次却降到９４位，反映了某些国际评价不太符合实际。
联合国从1990年起发表的关于人类发展的报告提出了人类发展水平的人文发展指数ＨＤＩ。
1990年以来，根据这一方法编制的人文发展指标已在指导发展中国家制定相应发展战略方面发挥了极其重要的作用。
