13.专题十三句子

语法专题十三、复合句之宾语从句（必考）宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以做谓语动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语。

1.宾语从句的时态主句是现在时，从句的时态根据实际需要，该用什么时态用什么时态He says he won’t be late again.他说他再也不会迟到。

主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态He said he would come on time tomorrow.他说他明天会按时到。

如果宾语从句是客观事实或真理、定理、法则等，即使主句用过去时，从句也用一般现在时。

Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the earth.我们老师告诉我们月亮围绕地球转。

2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。

【典例】Mr. Jackson hasn’t decided ________ this weekend.A. where he will have a picnicB. where will he have a picnic.C. where he had a picnicD. where did he have a picnic3.宾语从句的引导词（1）宾语从句是陈述句时用that，that可省略。

I hear (that) he will be back in a month.我听说他一个月以后回来。

（2）当从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导，(只能用whether 不能用if的情况见下面)，句末标点取决于主句。

I don’t know if/ whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。

Do you know if he will come tomorrow? 你知道明天他是否会来吗？（3）当从句是特殊疑问句时用who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, how, why, how often, how long, how soon等特殊疑问词。

并列句与复合句的法则一．并列句与复合句的法则：M-1= 引导词数目具有两套或以上主谓系统，两套主谓系统用并列连词“ and, or, but, so”中的任何一个连接叫做并列句。

两套主谓系统用引导词例如“ when, that, what, how, whe re ”等等中的任何一个连接叫做复合句。

并列句与复合句必须符合M-1= 引导词数目的标准。

也就是说，主谓系统的数目减去一等于连接词的数目，连接词包括并列连词与引导词。

下面的例句中，主谓系统划线, 非谓语斜体。

并列句1.Caught in rain yesterday, he is ill toady, but he has gone to school. （两套主谓系统用but 进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准）2.He has no choice but to finish all his homework today, or it will be too late. （两套主谓系统用or 进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准）3.Walking alone along the river bank, I came into Peter, and he took me to his home.（两套主谓系统用and进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)复合句1.Because he was caught in rain yesterday, he is ill toady, but he has gone to school. （三套主谓系统用Because 与but 进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准）2.When I was walking alone along the river bank, I came into Peter, who took me to his home. （三套主谓系统用When 与who 进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准）3.Helped by his teacher, he made great progress in English, which he had been very much afraid of. （两套主谓系统用which 进行连接，符合“ M-1= 连接词数目”的标准）注意：非谓语形式不属于主谓系统，所以它的数目与连接词的数目没有函数关系。

第二部分语法专题研究专题十三简单句与连词成句备考精练Ⅰ.单项选择1. (2019安徽)—I wonder ________ the students have a physical examination.—Once a year.A. how farB. how soonC. how longD. how often2. (2019连云港)— ________ have you worked here?—For just one month.A. How oftenB. How longC. How soonD. How much3. (2019兰州)—________ is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa?—It's about 2，160 kilometers.A. How oftenB. How farC. How longD. How many4. (2020原创)—________ students are there in your class?—Forty girls and twenty boys.A. How manyB. How muchC. How oftenD. How long5. (2020原创) ________ is your friend? He looks older than you.A. How manyB. How muchC. How oldD. How oftenⅡ.连词成句A：基础训练句号类1. well, sings, the, little, boy________________________________________________________________________.2. walks, he, to, every day, school________________________________________________________________________.3. getting, it, is, and, colder, colder________________________________________________________________________.4. very, sweet, song, the, sounds________________________________________________________________________.5. five, the, is, years, girl, old________________________________________________________________________.6. playing, he, likes, basketball________________________________________________________________________.7. someday, dancer, be, to, she, wants, a________________________________________________________________________.8. my, miss, I, grandmother, very much________________________________________________________________________.9. sent, local food, he, some, us________________________________________________________________________.10. Mrs., English, Wang, us, teaches________________________________________________________________________.11. the, in, library, I, Lucy, saw, read, books________________________________________________________________________.12. obey, please, rules, traffic, the________________________________________________________________________.13. in public, don't, speak, loudly________________________________________________________________________.14. be, listen to, quiet, and, carefully, teacher, the________________________________________________________________________.15. be late for, exam, don't, the________________________________________________________________________.16. together, go shopping, let's________________________________________________________________________.17. try, best, to, it, finish, your________________________________________________________________________.18. learn, friendly, others, to, be, to________________________________________________________________________.19. running, the, on, road, is, there, dog, a________________________________________________________________________.20. there are, many, dancing, people, the, on, square________________________________________________________________________.21. in the bottle, no, water, is, there________________________________________________________________________.22. my, in, be, to, party, a, going, home, there is________________________________________________________________________.23. tomorrow, sports meeting, there, be, will, a________________________________________________________________________.24. table, on, the, some, books, there are________________________________________________________________________.25. thank, hand, a, me, you, giving, for________________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________________.27. it, help, the, is, old, kind, of, to, you________________________________________________________________________.28. I, understand, what, don't, just now, he, said________________________________________________________________________.29. knew, he, to, what, do, next________________________________________________________________________.30. remember, can, I, where, place, the, grew up, I________________________________________________________________________.31. to, how, solve, the, is, wondering, he, problem________________________________________________________________________.问号类1. student, is, sister, your, a, college________________________________________________________________________?2. good, you, are, English, at________________________________________________________________________?3. you, can, play, guitar, the________________________________________________________________________?4. I, must, finish, today, the, tasks, all________________________________________________________________________?5. you, will, to, go, by bus, school________________________________________________________________________?6. want to, cook , do, you, me, with________________________________________________________________________?7. she, dance classes, does, enjoy________________________________________________________________________?8. the, have, ever, been, you, to, US________________________________________________________________________?9. anything, wrong, is there, with, arm, my________________________________________________________________________?10. this, on, question, what, opinion, your, is________________________________________________________________________?11. who, red，in, is, the, clothes, girl________________________________________________________________________?12. best, which, you, do, like, country________________________________________________________________________?13. when, sister's, is, birthday, your________________________________________________________________________?14. get, why, did, angry, you________________________________________________________________________?15. how, go, you, do, work, every day, to________________________________________________________________________?16. you, how much, milk, do, need________________________________________________________________________?17. have, how many, pens, you, do________________________________________________________________________?18. what about, Friday, going hiking, this________________________________________________________________________?19. does, what, look like, father, your________________________________________________________________________?叹号类1. lovely, a , what, she, is, girl________________________________________________________________________!2. how, the, terrible, is, weather________________________________________________________________________!3. books, they, what, interesting, are________________________________________________________________________!4. had, a, funny, what, day, he________________________________________________________________________!5. quickly, how, speaker, the, speaks________________________________________________________________________!6. delicious, what, a, we, enjoyed, dinner________________________________________________________________________!7. it, news, what, exciting, is________________________________________________________________________! B：综合训练Group 11. pet, dog, do, have, you, a________________________________________________________________________?2. lecture, us, a, give, will, he________________________________________________________________________.3. left, two, there are, days, month, this________________________________________________________________________.4. beautiful, how, looks, village, the________________________________________________________________________!5. it, practising, he, should, think, I, insist on________________________________________________________________________.Group 2________________________________________________________________________?2. yesterday, mistake, a, made, he________________________________________________________________________.3. the, on, playground, two, there are, children________________________________________________________________________.4. 8：00, the, go, to, please, library, at________________________________________________________________________.5. is, room, what, a, big, it________________________________________________________________________!Group 31. weekend, last, a, picnic, had, we________________________________________________________________________.2. born, when，you, were________________________________________________________________________?3. you, can, give, lift, me, a________________________________________________________________________?4. the, door, forget, don't, close, to________________________________________________________________________.5. is, it, moving, a, what, movie________________________________________________________________________!Group 41. last night, eat, supper, you, did________________________________________________________________________?2. is, what, dream, your________________________________________________________________________?3. my, for, mother, a, gift, bought, I________________________________________________________________________.4. he, is, a, clever, what, baby________________________________________________________________________!5. once a week, have, the, I, violin, class________________________________________________________________________.Group 51. I, help, can, you________________________________________________________________________?2. smell, nice, the, flowers________________________________________________________________________.3. how long, here, stay, did, you________________________________________________________________________?4. me, the, ruler, please, pass________________________________________________________________________.5. next, Sunday, will, there, be, concert, a________________________________________________________________________.Group 61. singer, is, favourite, he, your________________________________________________________________________?2. notes, remember, take, in the class, to________________________________________________________________________.3. cellphone, is, this, how much________________________________________________________________________?4. three, hours, football, for, has, he, played________________________________________________________________________.5. dream, achieve, I, believe, can, he, his________________________________________________________________________.Group 71. a, goal, better, set, had, you________________________________________________________________________.2. there, over, dog, whose, is, it________________________________________________________________________?3. are, studying, sing, don't, when, others________________________________________________________________________.4. game, football, there, be, will, a________________________________________________________________________.5. little, the, boy, fast, how, runs________________________________________________________________________!Group 81. days, rainy, do, like, you________________________________________________________________________?2. this, in, is, what, English________________________________________________________________________?3. watching, movies, they, happily, were, the________________________________________________________________________.4. everyone, liked, by, nobody, can, be________________________________________________________________________.5. back, he, hopes, mother, his, can, come________________________________________________________________________.挑战题1. 易错题—There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for today's show, ________？—Exactly.A. are thereB. isn't thereC. is thereD. is it2. 创新题Which of the following groups cannot form a triangle(三角形)？________A. 30°，60°，90°B. 120°，100°，20°C. 75°，75°，30°D. 60°，60°，60°3. 创新题A dictionary costs 125 yuan, and a storybook is 25 yuan cheaper than a dictionary.How much are two dictionaries and a storybook？________A. 350B. 300C. 275D. 3254. 初高中衔接题There ________ nobody in the room.A. to beB. happenedC. happened to beD. happened be参考答案备考精练Ⅰ.单项选择1. D2. B3. B4. A5. CⅡ.连词成句A：基础训练句号类1. The little boy sings well2. He walks to school every day3. It is getting colder and colder4. The song sounds very sweet5. The girl is five years old6. He likes playing basketball7. She wants to be a dancer someday8. I miss my grandmother very much9. He sent us some local food10. Mrs.Wang teaches us English11. I saw Lucy read books in the library12. Please obey the traffic rules13. Don't speak loudly in public14. Be quiet and listen to the teacher carefully15. Don't be late for the exam16. Let's go shopping together17. Try your best to finish it18. Learn to be friendly to others19. There is a dog running on the road20. There are many people dancing on the square21. There is no water in the bottle22. There is going to be a party in my home23. There will be a sports meeting tomorrow/Tomorrow there will be a sports meeting24. There are some books on the table25. Thank you for giving me a hand27. It is kind of you to help the old28. I don't understand what he said just now29. He knew what to do next30. I can remember the place where I grew up31. He is wondering how to solve the problem问号类1. Is your sister a college student2. Are you good at English3. Can you play the guitar4. Must I finish all the tasks today5. Will you go to school by bus6. Do you want to cook with me7. Does she enjoy dance classes8. Have you ever been to the US9. Is there anything wrong with my arm10. What is your opinion on this question11. Who is the girl in red clothes12. Which country do you like best13. When is your sister's birthday14. Why did you get angry15. How do you go to work every day16. How much milk do you need17. How many pens do you have18. What about going hiking this Friday19. What does your father look like叹号类1. What a lovey girl she is2. How terrible the weather is3. What interesting books they are4. What a funny day he had5. How quickly the speaker speaks6. What a delicious dinner we enjoyed7. What exciting news it isB：综合训练Group 1 1. Do you have a pet dog2. He will give us a lecture3. There are two days left this month4. How beautiful the village looks5. I think he should insist on practising itGroup 22. He made a mistake yesterday/Yesterday he made a mistake3. There are two children on the playground4. Please go to the library at 8：005. What a big room it isGroup 31. We had a picnic last weekend/Last weekend we had a picnic2. When were you born3. Can you give me a lift4. Don't forget to close the door5. What a moving movie it isGroup 41. Did you eat supper last night2. What is your dream3. I bought a gift for my mother4. What a clever baby he is5. I have the violin class once a weekGroup 51. Can I help you2. The flowers smell nice3. How long did you stay here4. Please pass me the ruler5. There will be a concert next SundayGroup 61. Is he your favourite singer2. Remember to take notes in the class3. How much is this cellphone4. He has played football for three hours5. I believe he can achieve his dreamGroup 71. You had better set a goal2. Whose dog is it over there3. Don't sing when others are studying4. There will be a football game5. How fast the little boy runsGroup 81. Do you like rainy days2. What is this in English3. They were watching the movies happily4. Nobody can be liked by everyone5. He hopes his mother can come back挑战题1. C2. B3. A4. C11。

分点突破二压缩语段典题导引·明解题之规范典例(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)请对下面这段新闻报道的文字进行压缩。

要求保留关键信息，句子简洁流畅，不超过70个字。

2020年“中国航天日”启动仪式于4月24日在国家航天局网站举行。

备受关注的中国首次火星探测任务名称、任务标识在启动仪式上公布。

中国行星探测任务被命名为“天问系列”，首次火星探测任务被命名为“天问一号”，后续行星任务将依次编号。

据介绍，该名称源于屈原长诗《天问》，体现了探索自然和宇宙空间的文化传承，寓意追求科技创新永无止境。

而象征“揽星九天”的任务标识，展现出中国航天开放合作的理念与态度。

【规范解题】第一步，审清题干，明确要求。

第二步，细读语句，压缩内容。

根据新闻的特殊性可知，新闻的主要信息集中在导语部分，本则新闻的导语是“2020年‘中国航天日’启动仪式于4月24日在国家航天局网站举行”，故关键信息之一是：________(2020年4月24日，“中国航天日”启动仪式在国家航天局网站举行)。

然后介绍了这次启动仪式的主要内容“中国首次火星探测任务名称、任务标识”，故关键信息之二是：________(公布了首次火星探测任务名称“天问一号”和象征“揽星九天”的任务标识)。

最后两句对任务名称的内涵和任务标识的意义进行诠释，这部分不是关键信息，不必压缩。

将关键信息组合在一起就是答案。

第三步，整理答案，规范书写。

【自主试笔】____________________________________________________________ 【答案】示例：2020年4月24日，“中国航天日”启动仪式在国家航天局网站举行，公布了首次火星探测任务名称“天问一号”和象征“揽星九天”的任务标识。

逐点突破·建知识之架构导图指引考向分析“压缩语段”就是将内容丰富的长语段，按要求浓缩成语言简洁、意思明了的短语段。

压缩语段是语文阅读的重要能力，主要是考查考生提炼、概括、压缩信息的能力。

专题十三句子结构和基本句型I。

句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

（可以熟记为:主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有＂表语＂和＂同位语＂的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上.同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

一、主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当.可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2。

代词 3. 数词4。

不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。

7。

名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books。

(主语是books，所以用are）Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ）Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are）二、谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语的构成如下:简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day。

复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成.如:You may keep the book for two weeks。

He has caught a bad cold。

My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Has he come back？He did n't attend the meeting yesterday.由系动词加表语构成。

专题十三仿用、变换句式习题21.仿写句子，构成排比。

金钱能买来漂亮的眼镜，但买不来明亮的眼睛。

金钱能买来高档的钢笔，但买不来敏捷的文思。

金钱能买来名贵的篮球，_____________________。

金钱____________________，____________________。

2.仿写“艺术起源于至微”，艺术总是体现在一些富有美感的细节上。

请仿照后面的三句诗，再寻觅三个富有诗意的细节，并用形象生动的语言表达出来。

诗宗白华啊，诗从何处寻？在细雨下，点碎落花声。

在微风里，飘来流水音。

在蓝空天末，摇摇欲坠的孤星3.请仿照下面一则幽默的形式，另选话题再写两则。

（参考话题：青春、成功、坚忍、勇敢、怯懦、苦笑、乐观、遗憾等）示例：所谓悲观，打个比方，就像鼻梁上的墨镜。

不管眼前有多少光明，也统统变成黑暗。

4.仿照下面的示例，利用所给材料续写三句话，要求内容贴切，句式与所给示例相同。

示例：没有识见的人看到群行就会随波逐流，看到群止就会东施效颦，所以人们说“群行群止看识见”。

材料：胸襟难事怒事顺境喜事涵养大事担当卑躬屈膝畏首畏尾拊膺切齿趾高气扬束手无策心花怒放5.仿照下面的示例，自选话题，另写三组句子，要求使用比喻的修辞手法，句式与示例相同。

青春是多彩的朝霞，映照着广阔的大地；青春是智慧的火花，点缀着灿烂的星空；青春是美丽的鲜花，装扮着绚丽的人生。

6.请改写文段中画线的句子,使之简洁明了,句式整齐,与上下文语境和谐。

走进萍乡就是走进历史,走出萍乡就是走向世界。

葛玄葛洪在武功山悟道成一代宗师,启迪万千百姓;一休大师“茶禅一味”顿悟,开启中日两国佛学交流盛世。

周敦颐曾经在芦溪县履职,他留下了美好名声,因为两袖清风;韩愈乃一代文豪,经楚昭王庙时赋诗,留下了诗坛佳话。

刘禹锡撰文悼高僧,汤显祖赋诗送好友。

……7.将下面的句子按要求改写。

要求：使用博喻的修辞手法、陈述句的形式，不得改变原意。

长征是历史纪录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。

2022届中考语文【基础-精练-突破】课内文言文高效复习ABC专题十三《孟子》三章x基础回顾得道多助，失道寡助天时不如地利，地利不如人和。

三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。

夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。

城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。

故曰：域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。

得道者多助，失道者寡助。

寡助之至，亲戚畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。

以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。

【译文】有利于作战的天气、时令，比不上有利于作战的地理形势；有利于作战的地理形势，比不上作战中的人心所向、内部团结。

一座方圆三里的小城，有方圆七里的外城，四面包围起来攻打它，却不能取胜。

采用四面包围的方式攻城，一定是得到有利于作战的天气、时令了，可是不能取胜，这是因为有利于作战的天气、时令比不上有利于作战的地理形势呀。

城墙并不是不高啊，护城河并不是不深呀，武器装备也并不是不精良，粮食供给也并不是不充足啊，但是，守城一方还是弃城而逃，这是因为作战的地理形势再好，也比不上人心所向、内部团结啊。

所以说，使人民定居下来而不迁到别的地方去，不能靠疆域的边界，巩固国防不能靠山河的险要，震慑天下不能靠武器的锐利。

能行“仁政"的君王，帮助支持他的人就多，不施行“仁政”的君主，支持帮助他的人就少。

支持帮助他的人少到了极点，连内外亲属也会背叛他；支持帮助他的人多到了极点，天下所有人都会归顺他。

凭着天下人都归顺他的条件，去攻打那连亲属都反对背叛的君王。

所以，能行仁政的君主不战则已，战就一定能胜利。

富贵不能淫景春曰：“公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉？一怒而诸侯惧，安居而天下熄。

”孟子曰：“是焉得为大丈夫乎？子未学礼乎？丈夫之冠也，父命之；女子之嫁也，母命之，往送之门，戒之曰：'往之女家，必敬必戒，无违夫子！'以顺为正者，妾妇之道也。