2015大学英语四级考试 阅读180篇

2015年大学英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it mostefficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able tofind some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.。

2015年12月英语四级阅读the motor vehicles 以下是一篇关于机动车的文章：The Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 was passed in order to control and regulate the use of motor vehicles on the roads of the United Kingdom. The Act sets out the requirements for obtaining a driving license, the rules of the road, and the penalties for traffic violations.Under the Act, a person must be at least 17 years old to obtain a full driving license. However, young people between the ages of 14 and 17 can obtain a restricted driving license, which allows them to drive under certain conditions, such as with an adult present and during daylight hours.In order to obtain a driving license, a person must pass a driving test. The test includes demonstrating the ability to drive safely and legally on the roads, as well as knowledge of the rules of the road and traffic signs. The test is conducted by the local driving examiner, and failure to pass the test may result in additional attempts or the requirement to take a refresher course before re-trying the test.The Motor Vehicles Act also sets out the requirements for vehicle registration and inspection. All motor vehicles must be registered with the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and must undergo regular inspections to ensure they meet safety and emission standards. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in fines or other penalties.In summary, the Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 is designed to ensure the safety of all road users in the United Kingdom by regulating the use of motor vehicles on the roads. It sets out the requirements for obtaining a driving license, the rules of the road, and the penalties for traffic violations. It also requires vehicle registration and inspection to ensure that motor vehicles meet safety and emission standards.。

2015年12月四级阅读真题答案完整版2015年12月四级阅读真题答案完整版下面是店铺整理的2015年12月四级阅读真题答案完整版，希望对大家有帮助。

2015年12月四级阅读真题答案完整版1：36. N) saw37. F) decades38. H) globally39. D) chances40. J) occurs41. A) additional42. B) associated43. G) experiences44. M) reduce45. K) populationsHow to Eat Well46. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.答案：D Shouldn't preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability?…47. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.答案：B It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by…48. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.答案：F. Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off…49. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.答案：O. You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill…50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.答案：G. Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually everynight…51. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and theirfamily答案：E. When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects.…52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.答案：J. There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies toreduce calories in their processed food, but….53. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.答案：M. To those Americans for whom money is a concern…54. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.答案：C. And yet we aren't cooking…55. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.答案：H. Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn't boom untiltelevisions became popular a decade or so later…DBFOGEJMCH56. A) It is disappearing.57. B) electronically.58. D) Spending money is so fast and easy.59. A) It represents a change in the modern world.60. C) He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.61. A) They are culture-related.62. C) They get less sleep on public holidays.63. C) The World Cup.64. B) They want to get sufficient sleep.65. B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.。

英语四级作文2015真题2015年英语四级作文题目，The Importance of Reading。

范文：The Importance of Reading。

Reading plays a crucial role in our lives. It not only broadens our knowledge, but also enriches our experience, enhances our imagination and improves our language skills. In today’s fast-paced society, the importance of reading cannot be overstated.First and foremost, reading is the most direct and effective way to acquire knowledge. By reading books, newspapers, magazines and websites, we can learn about different cultures, history, science, technology and many other subjects. This helps us to broaden our horizons and understand the world around us. In addition, reading can provide us with valuable information that can be applied toour daily lives and careers. For example, a business professional can gain insights into the latest industry trends and developments by reading relevant publications, while a student can improve their academic performance by reading textbooks and reference materials.Furthermore, reading is an excellent way to stimulate our imagination and creativity. When we read fiction, we are transported to different worlds and times, and are able to experience the lives and emotions of the characters. This not only provides us with entertainment, but also helps us to develop empathy and understanding for others. Moreover, reading can inspire us to think critically and come up with new ideas. By exposing ourselves to different perspectives and viewpoints, we can expand our thinking and problem-solving abilities.Another important benefit of reading is that it can improve our language skills. Whether we are reading in our native language or a foreign language, we are constantly exposed to new vocabulary, sentence structures and writing styles. This can help us to expand our vocabulary, improveour grammar and syntax, and enhance our writing and communication skills. In addition, reading can help us to develop a better understanding of the nuances of language, such as tone, mood and figurative language, which can enrich our own writing and speaking.In conclusion, reading is an essential part of our lives. It provides us with knowledge, stimulates our imagination and creativity, and improves our language skills. Therefore, we should make an effort to cultivate the habit of reading and encourage others to do the same. By doing so, we can continue to learn, grow and develop throughout our lives.仿写：The Importance of Critical Thinking。

2015年12月四级真题第一套阅读理解及答案Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It’s the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心): rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds. It’s not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don’t want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there’re plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there’s no one to invest in them.Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn’t it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.56. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B) It is the biggest technology hub in the US.C) Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D) It leads the world in information technology.57. What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?A) Lack of incentive for investment. B) Lack of the right kind of talents.C) Lack of government support. D) Lack of famous universities.58. In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B) Its science departments are not nearly as good.C) It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D) It does not pay much attention to business startups.59. What does the author imply about Boston?A) It has pleasant weather all year round.B) It produces wealth as well as high-tech.C) It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.60. What does the author say about startup investors?A) They are especially wise in making investments.B) They have good connections in the government.C) They can do more than providing money.D) They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.It’s nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.It’s nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏颇).Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it’s time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance.It’s not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There’s no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.61. What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?A) It will help your company expand more rapidly.B) It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.C) It may prevent your business and career from advancing.D) It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.62. What does the author suggest leaders do?A) Avoid arguments with business partners.B) Encourage people to disagree and argue.C) Build a wide and strong business network.D) Seek advice from their worthy competitors.63. What is the purpose of holding a debate?A) To find out the truth about an issue. B) To build up people’s moral strength.C) To remove misunderstandings. D) To look for worthy opponents.64. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?A) They listen carefully to their opponents’ views.B) They show due respect for each other’s beliefs.C) They present their views clearly and explicitly.D) They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.65. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?A) Try to make peace with them. B) Try to make up the differences.C) Invite them to the ring next time. D) Acknowledge their contribution.答案56A57B58A59D60C61C62B63A64D65D。

2015年6月大学英语四级阅读真题与答案文章来源：文都教育Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.Across the rich world,well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65%of American men aged62-74with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with32%of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences,for individuals and society,are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people.And they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated,and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift:the skills that complement computers,from management knowhow to creativity,do not necessarily decline with age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6⽉四级考试阅读真题（ReapingtheRewardsofRisk-Taking）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reaping the Rewards of Risk-TakingA）Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple , much has been said about him as a peerlessbusiness leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hitproducts that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.B）All true, but let’s think different, to borrow the Apple marke ting slogan of years back. Let’s look atMr. Jobs as a role model.C）Above all, he is an innovator（创新者）. His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod,iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile softwareonline. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you can’t engineer innovation, but you canincrease the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs' career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit ofimproving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs , of course, hasenjoyed singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economicprogress- higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperouscareers for individuals.And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovationgame.D）“We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,” says J ohnKao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kaonotes, are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials ofinnovation.These include government financing for scientific research , national policies to supportemerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds ofculture of other countries doesn’t support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobsexemplifies, as America does,” Mr. Jo hn Kao says. F）Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vitalto thriving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real-lifeexperience is often even more valuable.G）An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He wasfascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobsdropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritualenlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak,an engineering wizard（奇才）. Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded twoother companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chief executive in1997.H）His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. “ It’s oftenpeople like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir ofdiverse experiences that often generatebreakthrough ideas and insights,” says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute ofBusiness Administration.I）Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovator’s DNA, which is based on an eight-yearstudy of 5 000 entrepreneurs（创业者）and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authorsare Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at theHarvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovator’s Dilemma po pularized the concept of“disruptive（颠覆性的）innovation.”J）The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning,experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes theceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. HalGregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas.Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts fromdifferent disciplines.K）“Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly,” Mr. Gregersen says. “ It’sa habit for them. ”Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoyhigher valuations in the stock market,which they call an “innovation premium （溢价）．”It is calculated by estimating the share of a company’s value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovationpremium tries to quantify（量化）investors' bets that a company will do even better in the futurebecause of innovation.L）Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr.Jobs' first term withthe company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Apple’s fortunes improved gradually at first, and improved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52 percentinnovation premium since then.M）There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr.Jobs could havereshaped industries beyond computing. as he has done in his second term at Apple, without theexperience outside the company, especially at Pixar-the computer-animation（动画制作）studio thatcreated a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as “Toy Story" and “ Up. ”N）Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class atStanford University in 2005. “ It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that couldhave ever happened to me,”he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke of perseverance（坚持）and willpower.“ Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick ,” he said. “Don’t lose faith. ”O）Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in one’s choice of work and in one’s life. Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students. His advice was emphasized bythe words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, which he quoted:“Stayhungry. Stay foolish. ”“And,”Mr. Jobs said,“I have always wished that for mys elf. And now, asyou graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. ”46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address.47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.48.Steve Jobs once ⼭ed computers to make movies that were commercial hits.49. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the rawmaterials forinnovation.50. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields.51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress.52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation.53. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for careersuccess.55. Apple’s fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs’ absence.。

2015年英语四级阅读练习及答案(3)Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some q uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B．, C．andD．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding let ter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absol utely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a w ord processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Further more, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many fres hman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Langua ge ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a la nguage while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body stru ctures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs a re all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is i mportant. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research res ults.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________.A．the ability to read and writeB．the ability to useC．literatureD．the knowledge of language57. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.A．persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroom B．analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college students C．identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD．describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to __________.A．revise papersB．retype papersC．reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD．improve the writing skills of a student59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of _____ _____.A．cause-effect analysisB．comparison and contrastC．inductionD．examples60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is__________. A．to learn somethingB．to perfect themselvesC．to improve computer skillsD．to make the best use of computers【参考译文】[56]现在，越来越多的教育专家认为大学生一定要懂电脑。

2015年6月大学英语四级仔细阅读真题和答案来源：文都教育2015年6月大学英语六级考试已经结束，文都教育考后整理了仔细阅读题目的参考答案，供大家参考。

Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughted up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water whiletrying to swim.1. The passage is mainly about____.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preserversC) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.A) with as few strings as possibleB) capable of being worn on both sidesC) according to each wearer's sizeD) comfortable and light to wear4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervous before a disaster5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards.B) The water would choke him.C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.答案与解析：1. B文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。