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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ阅读理解ANo human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after morethan four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans backon the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get therefirst?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)．INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a follow on mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.U．S.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.阅读理解ANASA's New Horizons probe (宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto (冥王星) this morning, sending back history's first up－close looks at the vast freezing－cold world. Closest approach came at 7：49 am EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart－shaped feature on its surface.After today's close encounter, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship—a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' mission control center.That close encounter has been a long time coming. The $723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is ‘a capstone mission’，” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. com. “It is the first completi on of the observations of our solar system. It is giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”“New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges，” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, “So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA's Mariner 4 spaceship.There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet” in 2006, in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道类文章，主要讲述了科学家对太阳系行星冥王星的最新探测成果。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ单句语法填空1．____________(like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.答案：Unlike2．We live in a ____________(globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.答案：global3．—Do remember watch out ____________ cars while crossing the street.—Got it.答案：for4．____________ (cheerful) up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success. 答案：Cheer5．The male and female birds take ____________(turn) in sitting on the eggs.答案：turns6．Her ____________(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.答案：puzzled7．The conversation was carried on ____________ a harmonious and friendly atmosphere. 答案：in8．As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull ____________ than to build up. 答案：down9．The new stadium being built for the next football game will be three times bigger ____________ the present one.答案：than10．Last year, one of the plants exploded ____________(violent), and the local people got into a great panic.答案：violentlyⅡ单句改错1．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.many→much2．The river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things being floating on the water.去掉being3．If you put your heart into it, you’ll succeed on time.on→in4．As time going by, I began to realize what I did was wrong.As→With或going→went 5．The problem of pollution is worth paying attention.attention后加to6．This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice.such→soⅢ完成句子1．____________________(为了让她高兴起来), her parents took her to travel around the world.答案：To cheer her up2．To beautify our city, a large number of old houses along the street ____________________(已经被拆除) up to the present.答案：have been pulled down3．The newly broadened square ____________________ (比……大3倍) the previous one. 答案：is three times larger than4．________________________(既然你已长大), you should not rely on your parents. 答案：Now that you’ve grown up5．Mastering the technology ________________________(使我们有可能使用因特网) more effectively.答案：makes it possible for us to use the Internet【写作素材】根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·衡水中学高三一调)International Studies(BA理学士)Key features●Recognizes the “global community”●Has close connections with practical research●Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groupsAbout the courseThe course focuses on the complex relations between nation states.It will provide more opportunity to study specific issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union，third world debt，local and international disagreement，and the work of international bodies such as the United Nations，the European Union，NATO，and the World Bank.The course applies theories to the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries.It provides students with a better knowledge of ways to solve international problems.Related coursesBA (Hons) Community ManagementBA (Hons) Public Policy and ManagementEmployment possibilitiesInternational organizationsInternational businessEarth Science(BSc文学士)Key features●Based on key courses and the latest research findings●Pays much attention to practical skills●Offers chances for fieldworkAbout the courseThe demand and competition for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind.Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand，and in how these natural resources will be used.The course covers geography and geology (地质学)．You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly abroad，and in your final year complete a research project in an area of interest to you.Related coursesBSc (Hons) GeographyBSc (Hons) GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMineral，oil，water or other related engineering industries【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
第一部分必修3 Unit 4Ⅰ.单句改错1．Effective measures must be taken to keep the river being polluted.________________________________________________________________________ 2．Whatever happens, in no time will I give up.________________________________________________________________________ 3．The problem was very puzzling that I couldn't understand it.________________________________________________________________________ 4．There was existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.________________________________________________________________________ 5．John was made deal with the tough problem.________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.being前加from 2.in→at 3.very→so4．去掉was 5.deal前加toⅡ.语境填空violent， unlike， harm， exist， thus， puzzle， pull， float 1．I____________ on the rope to see if it was secure just now.2．Beautiful music came ____________ out of the window.3．Many young people, ____________ their parents, want to live in the cities.4．When you said you were in the law school, I was more ____________.5．Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are____________ to people.6．Too much TV has been associated with __________， overweight and loneliness.7．Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, ____________ making it difficult for milkmen to compete.【答案】1.pulled 2.floating 3.unlike4．puzzled 5.harmful 6.violence 7.thusⅢ.短语活用watch out, watch over, now that, cheer up, in turn, by turn, in time2．Wolves will kill people and people will ____________ kill them.3．Sarah made it to the airport just ____________ to catch her plane this morning.4．____________ for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.5．Feeling blue about the world? “____________，” says science writer Matt Ridley.【答案】1.Now that 2.in turn 3.in time4．Watch out 5.Cheer upⅣ.完成句子1．我每天早上都朗读英语。
话题14 宇宙知识〔Unit 4 Astronomy the science of thestars〕晨读背诵1. get started开场2. grasp/seize the opportunity 抓住时机3. set foot in China踏上中国土地4. as sb. puts it正如某人所说5. enjoy a boom in scientific and technological development有科技开展兴隆6. send satellites into space发射卫星到太空7. first manned space flight首次载人太空飞行8. deadly disease致命疾病9. to name (just) a few仅以这些为例10. name after the atest technology of the time以那个时期最新技术为名11. give rise to引起12. in some/most cases在某些/大多数情况下13. the same is true for ……也适用于14. run a company 经营公司15. aim at sth./doing以做……为目16. for the time being 暂时根底知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词｡1. astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmɪ] n.天文学→astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] n.天文学家2. system [ˈsɪstəm] n.系统;体系;制度3. theory [ˈθɪərɪ] n.学说;理论→theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj.理论上4. globe [ɡləʊb] n.球体;地球仪;地球→global [ˈɡləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性;全世界5. violent [ˈvaɪələnt] adj.猛烈;剧烈;强暴→violence [ˈvaɪələns] n.暴力→violently [ˈvaɪələntlɪ]adv.猛烈地6. atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə(r)] n.大气层;气氛7. unlike [ʌnˈlaɪk] prep.不同;不像→dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt.不喜欢8. presence [ˈprezəns] n.出席;到场;存在→present [ˈprez(ə)nt] adj. & n. & v.在场;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予9. harmful ['hɑ:mful]adj.有害;伤害→harm [hɑːm] n.危害,害处→harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs]10. exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] vi.存在,生存→existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在,生存11. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)ld]adj.迷惑→puzzling [ˈpʌz(ə)lɪŋ]adj.令人迷惑12. gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] n.万有引力;重力13. satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n.卫星;人造卫星14. climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n.气候15. spaceship [ˈspeɪsʃɪp] n.宇宙飞船16. pull [pʊl] n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力17. float [fləʊt] vi. & vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物18. mass [mæs] n.质量;团;块;大量;(复)群众(B)单词活用用所给词正确形式填空。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．I am puzzled(puzzle)by his failure to reply that he hasn't replied to my letter.2．It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence(exist)．3．As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to one's health.4．Unlike(like)what he said，he didn't carry out his promise.5．As the old saying goes，it is easier to_pull(pull) down than to build up.6．Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.7．I was warned to watch out for the terrifying dog.8．Last night a fire broke out in the hotel across the street.9．Last night，Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily，the doctor came in time to save her life.10．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.Ⅱ.完成句子1．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.2．很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Pakistan came into ____________(exist) as an independent country after the war. 答案：existence2．She strongly objected to my mother’ s marriage.Surprisingly, my mother’s reaction ____________ it was rather calm.答案：to3．The officer demanded that such things ____________(prevent) from happening again. 答案：(should) be prevented4．An American plane is reported ____________(crash) in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airline’s worst disaster in its 75year history.答案：to have crashed5．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____________ difficult to tell one from the other.答案：it6．What makes me ____________(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled7．____________ was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.答案：What8．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus ____________(improve) his theory gradually until it was completed.答案：improving9．There were many fish ____________(float) in the river because of the serious pollution.答案：floating10．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere ____________ everybody felt free to share his ideas.答案：whereⅡ.阅读理解A(2016·山东潍坊一模)Can you imagine a world with out chocolate? It’s not something I’d like to do. So I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate!The University of Reading, in England, has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s ne w cocoa varieties. They must be quarantined(进行检疫) before they can be grown. Why? Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last yearbut about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases. Now we don’t want that, do we?Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem.The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985, after it took over the task from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew, London. And it has improved its facilities. The leader of the institution’s cocoa project, Professor Paul Hadley, says, “One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean, healthy, interesting cocoa material.”The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions. After up to two years in quarantine, clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries, including several in West Africa. That’s where 75% of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from. The crop is extremely important for the local economy: it employs about two million people.Professor Paul Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection. And more of us seem to count on them now.The scientist says, “There is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly, particularly in countries like China, where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.” 【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的项目。
1．What is the text mainly about?A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds.B．Planting cocoa seeds worldwide.C．Keeping cocoa seeds in greenhouse.D．Finding the new market for cocoa.A解析：主旨大意题。
根据第一段中的“It’s not something I’d like to do.So I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a programme to safeguard the future of chocolate！” 及第五段中的“clean and safe seeds” 可知，本文主要讲的是英国保护可可种子的项目，即A项正确。
2．T he institution’s cocoa project is to ________.A．have cocoa skin removedB．offer more jobs to peopleC．ensure the quality of cocoaD．supply cocoa to two million peopleC解析：推理判断题。
根据第四段中的最后一句“The leader of the institution’s cocoa project, Professor Paul H adley, says, ‘One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean, healthy, interesting cocoa material.’” 可知，这个机构是要确保可可粉的质量，即C项正确。
3．What does the last paragraph tell us?A．The taste of chocolates is changing.B．Demand for cocoa is increasing continually.C．People are concerned about cocoa varieties.D．Chinese have a long history of eating chocolates.B解析：细节理解题。
根据最后一段的关键词“demand is increasing constantly” 可知，本段主要讲可可需求的不断增长，即B项正确。
4．What’s the purpose of the text?A．To educate. B．To advertise.C．To warn. D．To inform.D解析：写作意图题。
文章第一段点题，结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国保护可可种子的项目，属于向读者传递信息的类型，即D项正确。
B(2016·太原二模)Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter’s large st moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth’s surface, according to new Hubble observations.New Hubble observations of Ganymede’s magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean. Scientists estimate that the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth’s oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede’s ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.While scientists have speculated(推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn’t observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.Scientists have already confirmed the existence of an ocean on Europe, another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。
