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1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerce (coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.based on=derived from60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worrieshim/herbecause he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to start with, first of all, at the outset…Then: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, succeeding (adj.), secondarily, what is more, furthermore (further more)…Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally…Too: as well (句末), in addition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also…And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with…+Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else…So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, that’s whyBecause: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that…But:however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that…Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely…Without: excluding,Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly, unusually…Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally, truly …形容词/副词Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing role,indispensable, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary…-附加-傻句替换：I think that A is more important than B. (这是经典大傻句！以下句中的'important'可随意替换同义词）1. A is important to B.2. A plays an/a important role to B.3. A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome) to B.4. B can not (live\developed\grow\survive\achieve) without A.5. A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.6. The importance of A (to B) can never be (exaggerated\denied\ignored\doubted).7. A is everything/the whole world to B.8. B is fundamental on A.9. A matters/counts to B.10. Nothing is more crucial to B than A.11. A is to B what the (foundation is to a skyscraper\water is to fish\the heart is to a human)Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic, giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky,->many: numerous, myriad, infinite,->forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless, perpetually…Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite（女子身高娇小）Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished, remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming, stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesomeBad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral…Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smartHappy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful,Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet, adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging…Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning,+hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot.Easy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated, undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),…Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident, manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid, plain, understandable, uninvolved, simple, …Direct: bald, basic, frank, naked, plain, sincere, stark, straig htforward, candid, forthright, outspoken….Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, knotty, perplexing, puzzling, thorny…Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate, mad (informal), liv id (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful...Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable动词Think (that): hold the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain, suppose, conceive, insist, be convinced, to my knowledge, personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle, consider, conceive, perspective...Show: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with,Get:acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain “学习” 不用learnSuggest: have a proposal in,Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance…Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on, imprint of,Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway,Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…Mak e: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture; fore, cause, compel, constrain, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require…Give: present, award, contribute, deliver, donate, grant, hand over, hand out, provide, supplyBreak：separate, burst, crack, destroy, disintegrate, fracture, fragment, shatter, smash, snapDestroy: ruin, raze, annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, eradicate, shatter, wipe out, wreck, obliterate, weaken, undermine…Happen: occur, come about, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire名词Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma.Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention, gathering session, assignation, encounter, confrontation, argument, contro versy…Study: learning, application, lessons, reading, research, school work, examination, analysis, consideration, contemplation, inspection, investigation, knowledge,scholarship…Advantage: benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…Disadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap (also v. 妨碍), downside, limitation.Life: existence, conduct, life style, way of life为什么从来没有人很系统地教我们英文标点符号怎么念来源：+ plus加号；正号- minus减号；负号±plus or minus正负号×is multiplied by乘号÷is divided by除号＝is equal to等于号≠is not equal to不等于号≡is equivalent to全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to约等于号＜is less than小于号＞is greater than大于号≮is not less than不小于号≯is not more than不大于号≤is less than or equal to小于或等于号≥is more than or equal to大于或等于号% per cent百分之…‰per mill千分之…∞infinity无限大号∝varies as与…成比例√(square) root平方根∵since; because因为∴hence所以∷equals, as (proportion)等于，成比例∠angle角≲semicircle半圆≰circle圆○circumference圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle三角形≱perpendicular to垂直于∪union of并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫the integral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of总和°degree度′minute分″second秒℃Celsius system摄氏度{open brace, open curly左花括号}close brace, close curly右花括号(open parenthesis, open paren左圆括号)close parenthesis, close paren右圆括号() brakets/ parentheses括号[open bracket 左方括号]close bracket 右方括号[] square brackets方括号.period, dot句号，点|vertical bar, vertical v irgule竖线&ersand, and, reference, ref和，引用*asterisk, multiply, star, pointer星号，乘号，星，指针/slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号//slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符#pound井号\backslash, sometimes escape反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符~tilde波浪符.full stop句号,comma逗号:colon冒号;semicolon分号?question mark问号!exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)'apostrophe撇号-hyphen连字号-- dash 破折号...dots/ ellipsis省略号"single quotation marks 单引号""double quotation marks 双引号‖ parallel 双线号&ersand = and～swung dash 代字号§section; division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号Good morning !It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview,I hope i can make a good performance today. I'm confident that I can succeed.Now i will introduce myself brieflyI am 26 years old,born in shandong province .I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my gr aduation in the year of 2003.I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.In July 2003, I began work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Be cause I'm capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.And in August 2004,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation softwar e test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I'd like to find a job which is more chall enging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of co mpany ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.I think I'm a good team player and I'm a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under g reat pressure.That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.自我介绍(self-introduction)1.Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ***, 24.I come from ******,the capital of *******Province. I graduated from the ******* department of *****Uni versity in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I h ave been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you . I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the c omputer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team. I always believe that one will easily lag behi nd unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.2.Good afternoon .I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First of all ,my english n ame is ...and my chinese name is ..If you are going to have a job interview ,you must say much things which can show your willness to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be ...and I am eager to get an o pportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something abo ut your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.What is more important is do not forget to communicate with the interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the success.I hope you will give them a wonderful speech .Good luck to you !3.good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heil ongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is p ackaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with an ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend several packaging exhibitio n hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. thr ough these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging indust ry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have fu ll confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe intere sted in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that p ursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won't give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademar k, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, b ut i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i a m not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,pla ying cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by t he way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.3. What is your greatest strength?（你最突出的优点是什么？）这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你展示自己的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。
英文中顶级的同义词替换1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation ina particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerce (coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)。
英文同义词思考类动词总结Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduceinfer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey思考类名词总结(观点/概念/理论)Notion/idea/view/concept/perceptionperspective/observation/examinationwitness/judgment/approach/hypothesisimpression/supposition/theory/thought apprehension/comprehension/realization consideration/interpretation/understanding speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology支持类单词总结Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/ accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/ glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value/posit反对类单词总结Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/ oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/ disapprove/condemn核心的；主要的；基本的；内在的essential/chief/crucial/corefundamental/main/key/inbornprincipal/elementary/primaryindispensable/central/vitalunderlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn重要的；显著的important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous限制/阻挠limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessennarrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curbimpede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/crampdiminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamperhinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart退步decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall减少decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebbevaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrinkslacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract增加/发展increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raiseadvance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extendfurther/heighten/inflate/magnify/mountprogress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen发展/进步/加强/丰富/增加develop/advance/evolve/expand/flourishfoster/grow/maturate/mature/promote/ripenthrive/amplify/augment/broaden/cultivatedeepen/enlarge/enrich/extend/intensifymagnify/perfect/refine/spread/strengthenenhance/stretch/widen/hike/aid/assist/boost/boom/blossom/expedi(a)te 开始/产生begin/start/commence/originate/initiategenerate/form/unfold/arise/create/kindleignite消灭/消失/消散extinguish/abolish/annihilate/crush/destroyeliminate/eradicate/erase/extirpate/obliteratequell/remove/stamp out/suppress/repressquench/smother/stifle/suffocate/trampledisappear/depart/disperse/dissipate/dissolveebb/end/evaporate/expire/fade/fade away/fleerecede/retire/retreat/sink/wane/withdraw废除/取消/抵消/使无效abolish/eliminate/annul/nullify/annihilatecancel/dissolve/invalidate/negate/neutralizeobliterate/revoke/retract/delete/erase/effacecounteract/offset/act against改变change/alter/vary/modifyadapt/adjust/convert/evolve/diverge/lower diversify/diminish/fluctuate/merge/reform reduce/regenerate/remake/renovate/resolve revolutionize/shape/shift/substitute/temper transform/turn/vacillate/revise/customize不改变continue/hold/keep/persist/remain/stay/sustain maintain/retain/reserve/preserve/conserve/fix保__留 preserve守 conserve存 reserve持 keep/retain/maintain/sustainuphold/perpetuate/perseverepersist怀疑(的)suspicous/doubtable/dubious/rule outwith hold/skeptical确认/验证/证明/论证corroborate/approve/authenticate/certifyconfirm/endorse/justify/prove/ratifysubstantiate/support/validate/verifyaffirm/ascertain/attest/determine/manifestsettle/tesify/uphold/warrant处理/管理/命令/控制/支配cope with/handle/administer/demand/command/conduct dominate/employ/exercise/govern/manipulate supervise/utilize/wield/dispose (of)/array大量的copious/ample/bountiful/extensive/full/generous lavish/liberal/lush/overflowing/plentiful/profuse prolix/replete/rich/abundant/capacious/substantial sufficient少的/缺乏的lacking/meager/scarce/insufficient转折词副词：alternatively/conversely/neverthelesshowever/instead/still连词：but/while/whereas/and/nevertheless介词：despite/in spite of。
1.限制：limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten（使变紧，）, constrict（使缩紧2限制）,cap, tienarrow(v.):这个词大家以前使用的时候一般形容词都是作为来用，这里强调下它的动词的用法。
E.g. We are working on narrowing the gap between our points of view. 缩小差距E.g. We’re working to narrow down the list of possible suspects.E.g. The smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their deathrates is narrowing.define (v.):这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给……下定义, 这个意思和限制并不矛盾，什么叫下定义？就是描述出一个事物的轮廓，所以定义就是在一个给定的范围内给一个事物限定的特定的意思。
（define的英文解释：If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like）E.g. The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine theoutcome of court cases.cap (n./v.): 这个词最常用的意思是帽子的意思，作为限制的意思再形象不过了。
E.g. The government has placed a cap on local council spending.snow-capped mountains补充信息：魔兽世界（WOW）的资料片燃烧的远征（TBC）刚刚推出的时候，在官网上就有这么句话：An increase in the level cap to 70 大家不妨体会下这句话中的cap的意思（当然了，有游戏功底的理解起来相当的easy,再次强调本人的原则：游戏不是坏事，能学以致用就好）在NBA里面就有工资帽这种说法（工资帽的概念1984年被引入，NBA联盟和球员工会之间首先进行谈判，只有双方同意，工资帽才被正式公布。
利用英文单词的反义词和同义词拓展小学生的词汇量英语是一门重要的语言，拥有丰富的词汇是学好英语的基础。
为了帮助小学生扩展词汇量，我们可以利用英文单词的反义词和同义词来提升他们的词汇水平。
下面将介绍一些方法和技巧。
1. 反义词拓展词汇量使用英文单词的反义词是一种很好的方法来拓展词汇量。
通过学习一个单词的反义词，小学生可以掌握更多的词汇并学会正确运用。
以下是一些常见单词及其反义词：- Big (大) - Small (小)- Hot (热) - Cold (冷)- Fast (快) - Slow (慢)- Happy (快乐) - Sad (伤心)- In (在) - Out (出)老师可以设计一些游戏或者练习，帮助学生正确使用反义词，并巩固他们的记忆。
2. 同义词拓展词汇量除了反义词，同义词也是拓展词汇量的重要方法之一。
学习一个单词的同义词可以帮助学生更灵活地运用英语，并且能够丰富他们的表达能力。
以下是一些常见单词及其同义词：- Good (好) - Excellent (优秀)- Big (大) - Large (大)- Small (小) - Tiny (微小)- Happy (快乐) - Joyful (愉快)- Eat (吃) - Consume (消耗)同样地，老师可以设计一些练习或者活动，让学生运用同义词来表达不同的意思，提高他们的词汇量。
3. 创造词汇卡片除了学习反义词和同义词，老师还可以帮助学生创造词汇卡片。
这是一种互动的学习方式，通过制作卡片，学生可以更好地记忆和理解单词。
将一个单词写在一张卡片的一侧，然后在另一侧写上该单词的反义词或同义词。
在学习过程中，学生可以翻转卡片来检查自己的记忆。
这种方法可以帮助学生更加深入地记忆单词，并且能够灵活地应用在不同的场景中。
4. 阅读和写作阅读和写作是拓展词汇量的重要手段。
老师可以鼓励学生多读英语故事书、简单的文章或者杂志。
通过阅读，学生可以接触到更多的词汇，并学会运用它们。
词语造句练习reap 收获rope 粗绳绳索ripe 成熟的rip 撕破cord 绳索粗线电线wire 电线金属线harvestconsistinvolvecontainincludecomprise包含，由.....组成stapleprimesiginificantcrucialimportantvitalmomentousconsiderablemajor主要的，首要的dominant 首要的主导的占优势的consideration 考虑体贴考虑因素注意staple与stable的区别loss 丢失lose 失去迷失loose 宽松的散漫的bound 必定的注定的；弹回跳跃bound 捆绑bind 捆绑blind 失明的bund 岸堤码头bond 纽带联系band -n 乐队；一伙一群；带带状物；戒指 -v 用带绑扎majority 多数大多数minority 少数少数民族certify 证明verify 证明confirm 证明substantiate 证明prove 证明attest 证明testify 证明作证demonstrate 证明示范演示affirmation -n 肯定断言证实批准“装饰”adornornamentdecorateregulate 使遵守规则，管理，管控regular 规则的规律的regularity -n 规律性经常性approval 赞许批准认可同意approach 靠近接近；交谈；处理；方法途径interact 交流交往intercourse 交流交往refer 提到说起描述（提到某件事）cite 引用援引引证（引用某件事例）attach 贴上附上附属使喜爱attack 批评抨击侵害攻击attract 吸引引起有吸引力（物体间）产生引力abstract -n 抽象梗概；-adj 抽象的；-v 摘要提取；偷走窃取abstraction -n 抽象提取抽象概念空想extract -v （费力）取出拔出提取提炼榨取摘录设法得到开方求根；-n 提取物萃取物extraction -n 取出提炼referconsult 咨询参考查阅transmission 传播传送transportation 运输交通explore -v 探讨探究考察探索explode 爆炸burst 爆发破裂neutron 中子neutral 中性的proton 质子neutron 中子molecule 分子atom 原子identity身份identify 识别认出sway 影响influence 影响intense 严肃紧张的激烈的十分强烈的intensive 加强的集中的严密的intension 强烈剧烈；内涵；决心intensional 内涵的；紧张的intent 专注的专心致志的；坚决的；目的意图intention 目的意图intentional 故意的蓄意的feather 羽毛leather 皮革respect 尊敬inspect 检查视察suspect -v 怀疑；-n 嫌疑犯 -adj 可疑的prospect -n 前景预期perspective -n 视角观点看法透视画法spectacle -n 精彩表演壮观景象spectator -n 观众audience -n 观众speculate 推测branch 分支树枝trunk 主干树干shelterrefuge-adj 避难所；-v 庇护dusk（黄昏）duck（鸭子）duke（公爵）dock（码头）illusion 幻想collision 碰撞Allusion 典故暗示trend 趋势tend 倾向remuneration 薪酬报酬compensate 补偿赔偿弥补mood 心情情绪emotion 情感情绪clip 修剪裁剪夹住；钳子夹子chip 炸薯条炸薯片芯片chop 砍剁digestion 消化appetite 食欲poseproposeput forwardadvance （此意不常用），常作为“前进”使用提出（问题）imagine -v 想象设想imaginary -adj 想象的虚构的imagination -n 想象力deceive -v 欺骗，蒙骗；误导deception -n 欺骗蒙骗骗术骗局deceptive -adj 欺骗性的，造成假象的deceptively -adv 迷惑地，欺骗地，欺诈地anima 灵魂pneuma 灵魂soul 灵魂spirit 精神心灵hobbyinterestappetite （常用作“胃口”）preference爱好atmosphere 大气大气层atmospheric 大气的大气层的replacesubstitutereplacement代替dean （大学的）副院长系主任den 兽窝书房窝点intense 强烈的intensive 加强的集中的intentional 故意的有意的存心的audience 观众，听众；读者；觐见，拜见；拥护者；spectator （尤指体育比赛的）观看者，观众；旁观者；spectacle 精彩表演壮观景象flame 火焰inflammation 发炎inflammable 易燃的soar 猛涨roar 咆哮greet 欢迎问候greed 贪婪royal 皇室的国王的loyal 忠诚的crush -v 压碎挤压变形；镇压，征服；-n 迷恋暗恋crash -v 碰撞bump -n 碰撞 -v 碰撞entertainment 消遣娱乐distraction 消遣pastime 消遣diversion 消遣recreation 消遣amusement 消遣expansive 广阔的广泛的extensive 广阔的广泛的broad 广阔的宽阔的；广博的丰富的evaporation【蒸发】evaporate【蒸发】【消失】vapor【蒸汽】mosque 清真寺mosquito 蚊子substance n.物质、物品、物；例句：in substance 基本上实质上事实上substantial adj.坚固的、结实的/n.实质性的东西；substantiate v.实体化，证实，证据frustration 痛苦沮丧恼怒令人心烦的事agitation 忧虑烦乱骚动agitation -n（液体）搅动摇动stir -v 搅拌搅合（液体等物质）ultimately 最终地最后地根本上finally 最终地eventually 最终地conventional 传统的常规的惯例的troditional 传统的perch 栖息处；栖息于perish 湮灭毁灭cherish -v 珍视珍爱delicacy 佳肴；微妙棘手柔软delicate 微妙的易碎的柔和的精美的dedicate -v致力于献身于；奉献献身dedication -n 奉献献身concert 音乐会演奏会convert （使）转变，（使）改变信仰；皈依者，改变信仰的人necessity 必需品necessary 必需的必要的necessitate -v 使成为必要flee -v 迅速离开，逃跑，逃避fleet -n 舰队船队fleece -n 羊毛；-v 给（羊）剪（羊毛）；敲诈，骗取钱财vent -n （空气、气体、液体的）出口，出口，漏孔；-v 表达发泄ventilate -vt 使通风，宣布，给...装通风装备ventilation -n 空气流通；通风设备dictator 独裁者dictatorship -专政；独裁；独裁国家dictatorial 独裁的，专政的sincere -adj 真诚的sincerely -adv 真诚地，由衷地sincerity -n 真诚，诚挚，真实，诚心诚意counter -n 柜台；对立面；计算器encounter -v 遭遇；-n 经历；偶遇，邂逅counterpart -n 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物offence -n 进攻攻击攻打侵犯；-adj 冒犯的，令人不适的，极其讨厌的，进攻型的defence -v 抵挡抵御vill -n 村镇village -n 村庄村民——》villain -n 坏人恶棍——》omen -n 征兆预兆herald -n 预兆；-v 前兆预示——>hint -n 提示暗示征兆迹象 -v 暗示compatible -adj 兼容的共存的compatibility -n 共存和睦相处；兼容性配合度incompatible - adj 合不来的，不相符的，不相容的exquisite -adj 优美的精致的精湛的有很高造诣的灵敏的敏锐的剧烈的尖锐的requisite -n 必需品inquisite - v 调查审讯reactant 反应物resultant 生成物scope 领域范围microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜horoscope 占星术星象十二宫图implement -n 工具器具；-v 贯彻执行实施execution -n 执行实施实行处决execute -v 执行实行lump -n 肿块 -v 结块，把......聚在一起lamp -n 灯lampoon -v 公开讽刺挖苦remoal -n 除去拿开移动调动免职remove -v 移开拿开除去废除开除脱下摘下removable -n 可移动的remover -n 拆卸工具；除....剂；搬运工人remote -adj 遥远的偏僻的；-n 远程remotely -adv 遥远地偏僻地caution -n 谨慎小心警告告诫 -v 警告提醒告诫cautious -adj 谨慎的，十分小心的remind -v 提醒warn -v 提醒警告告诫alert -adj 警惕的警觉的 -v 提醒admonish -v 告诫劝告best、、foremost -adj 最好的最重要的hindmost -adj 最后的grabgraspcatcharrestseize抓取抓住crab 螃蟹batherinse用水冲洗stuff -v 填满填充；-n 杂物staff -n教职工decency 正派得体彬彬有礼礼仪decent 得体的大方的正派的gall -n 胆汁怨恨苦味gallery -n 画廊美术馆gallop -n 疾驰奔驰飞驰consentconcentconcerngaze -v -n 凝视注视stare -v -n 凝视注视horror 精神上恐惧terror 对人或事的恐惧或恐惧fright 恐怖惊吓dread 心理上的畏惧担心wantwishdesireriseincreaseupsoarclimbgo upgrowsurgeboomterritory 领土版图领地domain 领域范围领土势力范围field 田地田野专业领域realmarearegionscopesphere -n 范围领域；（社会）阶层；（社会）地位；球体；球面；天体；地球仪；苍穹supplemental 增补的supplementarycomplemental 补足的补充的补偿的complementary -adj 补充补足的互补的complimentary -adj 免费的；表示钦佩的，赞美的assistantauxiliarydeputyhelperdelinquency -n 违法行为犯罪frequency 经常性defrequency -n 行为不良失职flash 闪光emit 发射发出散发shine （太阳或其他光源）发光照耀sparkle 闪烁闪耀生气勃勃bestow -v 授予献给beast -n 兽类野兽畜生行为粗暴的人monotonousboretediousPlodding无聊乏味无趣的eraser 橡皮rubber 橡皮黑板擦erase 抹去清除消除消灭rub -v 擦揉擦；涂抹wipe -v 擦消除拭去sweep -v 打扫清除（目光）扫视，（灯光）掠过edit -v 编辑编校修订剪辑edition 编辑editor 主编editorial 编辑的主编的happenoccurtake placecome up发生vowel 元音consoant 辅音辅音字母deficiency -n 缺点不足缺点shortagescarcity -n 不足缺乏foolishsillystupid愚蠢的傻的sense -n 感觉官能（即五觉）sensation - 知觉感觉感觉能力知觉能力consciousness -n 知觉感觉意识观念觉悟conscience 良心道德心conscious 有意识的，有知觉的declareannounceproclaimclaim宣称声明。
常见的英文近义词辨析100组1、abide,adhere,conform,comply“遵守”。
abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。
I will abide by the director'decision.我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。
(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。
)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。
他的体outline n.要点，大纲，概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。
“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。
absurdThere was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。
a silly little boy傻小子6、abundant,plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。
英文中同义词用法比较在英语学习中，我们经常会遇到一些意思相近的词汇，这些词汇在某些语境下可以互换使用，但在其他语境下却有着不同的含义和用法。
本文将就一些常见的英文和中文字词的同义词进行比较，分析它们的用法和区别，帮助大家更好地掌握这些词汇。
一、英文中的同义词在英文中，有许多同义词可以用来描述同一个概念，例如：1. “think”和“believe”这两个词都可以表示对某事的看法或信念，但“think”还可以表示思考、推理等含义，而“believe”则更加强调对某事的认可和信任。
2. “understand”和“comprehend”这两个词都可以表示理解某个概念或观点，但“understand”更强调对表面意思的理解，而“comprehend”则更加强调对深层含义的把握。
3. “continue”和“proceed”这两个词都可以表示继续某个动作或进程，但“continue”还可以表示重复或继续之前的行为，“proceed”则更加强调正在进行的动作。
二、中文中的同义词在中文中，也有许多同义词可以用来描述同一个概念，例如：1. “认为”、“以为”、“觉得”这三个词都可以表示对某事的看法或判断，但“认为”还可以表示凭借证据或事实而判断，“以为”则更多地表示自己的想法或猜测，“觉得”则更加强调内心的感受和体验。
2. “了解”、“理解”、“明白”这三个词都可以表示理解某个信息或意思，但“了解”更多地表示对表面信息的掌握，“理解”则更加强调对深层含义的把握，“明白”则更多地表示明白了对方的意图或要求。
三、用法比较英文中的同义词在用法上也有一些区别，例如：1. “think”和“believe”的区别在于，“think”可以用于更广泛的语境中，包括思考、推理等含义，而“believe”则更多地用于对某种信仰或观点的认可和信任。
2. “understand”和“comprehend”的区别在于，“understand”更多地强调对表面意思的理解，而“comprehend”则更加强调把握深层含义的能力。
同义词替换大全Cambridge 4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no n otice=not take any notice 忽略，无视 v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇 v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点 n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的 adj.5.change=modify(modification)改变 v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏 n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look int o调查 v.8.where=geographical location表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的 adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因 n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护 v.12.newspapers,television=media媒体 n.13.where to live=habitat居住地 n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖 n.15.contribute to=play a part 有助于 v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来 v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把⋯和⋯相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirabl e 超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪 v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=o ptimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的 adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=st artled感到惊讶的 adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象 n28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的 adj.29.blind=can not see 瞎的 adj.Cambridge 4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your owninitiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的 adj.主动权 n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加 v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学 v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言 n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose决定 v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻 n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city,count ry etc. 群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的 adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall thro ugh 失败 v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的 adj.13.differ from=unusual与⋯不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath t o do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advi ce 资询 v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a partic ular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家 n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的 adj. plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨 n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24.beneficial=be good for you/do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴 , 伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的 adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut减少 n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类 n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or somethi ng against attack防御 n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics方法 , 功略 n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮助 v.38.specific=give(somebody)more details=expand on=enlargeon=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more ex plicit=elaborate特定的 adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid,or gas 物质 n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n. Cambridge 4 TEST31.quotation=a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because i t is interesting or amusing引言 n.2.exemplify=example=case=instance=to be a very typical ex ample of something=to give an example of something例证 v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out 解释 v.4.outline=to describe something in a general way,giving t he main points but not the details概述 v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do somethi ng=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a banketc.贷款 n.8.poverty=being poor贫穷 n.9.crime=illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10.reject=to refuse to accept,believe in,or agree with somet hing拒绝 v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packag es somewhere快递员 n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve存储n.14.facility=rooms,equipment,or services that are provided f or a particular purpose设备 n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=determined to be successful,rich, powerful etc. 有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something=attempt=campaign=drive 努力 n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important,interesting,or typical;a part of the land,especially a part that you can see: a p art of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc 特点 n.18.planet=the world=earth/Earth=the globe19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it 地球n.remains to beseen无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines,especially large ones=a system or s et of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim,that they hope to achieve in the future=fi nal最终的，根本的adj.。
