Unit 4经贸英语文章选读ppt(董晓波主编)
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凯伯国际贸易第四章(英文原版课件)
5
Types of Tariffs
• Ad valorem (of value) tariff
• Fixed percentage of the value of the imported product • Distinguish among small differentials in product quality • Tends to maintain a constant degree of protection for domestic producers
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9
TABLE 4.3
Examples of tariffs, selected countries (in %)
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外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit4 Section C 课件
our lives—the whole world seems to be into 2. sharing (share). The sharing economy 3. is taking (take) off in all sorts of areas.It is
creating new ways of thinking and providing services to people when and
3.Why can sharing cut down on waste? A.We can reuse items by sharing. B.We can use items that other people don’t use. C.Sharing can reduce our shopping desire. D.Sharing makes us feel it shameful to waste. 答案 A
(be)that the sharing economy
is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.The
most interesting question of all is what type of society all this sharing will take
n.偷窃,偷盗
识记阅读词汇
1.toddler n. 学步的儿童,刚学走路的小孩
2.thereby adv. 因此,由此
3.purse n.
(女士)钱包
串记拓展词汇 1.sorrow n.令人悲伤的事,不幸→ sorrowful adj.悲伤的;悲痛的 2.frustration n.懊丧,懊恼,沮丧→ frustrate v.使懊丧,使沮丧 → frustrated adj.失意的→ frustrating adj.使人沮丧的 3.supervision n.监督;管理→ supervise v.监督;管理
【全版】英语必修ⅳ外研版module精品课件推荐PPT
can be crowded transportation are mentioned in the passage.
rush hour seat single permit in no time
When does it close at night? a document which shows you have How many people can get in a minibus? Listen to the tape and find what means of
often never
taxi trolleybus undergro und (train)
Share your answers with your partner.
1. Have you ever been stuck in a traffic jam?
2. Where were you going? 3. How long were you in the jam? 4. What did you do then? 5. If you haven’t met a traffic jam, can you
9. a place to sit seat 10. another word for taxi cab 11. a document which gives you the right
to do something permit 12. a document which shows you have
special and expensive
mentioned interesting
Read the text carefully and answer the questions: 1. How easy is it to find a taxi in Beijing? Raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. 2. What color are most taxis? They’re red. 3. What’s the problem with buses? They’re often very crowded.
rush hour seat single permit in no time
When does it close at night? a document which shows you have How many people can get in a minibus? Listen to the tape and find what means of
often never
taxi trolleybus undergro und (train)
Share your answers with your partner.
1. Have you ever been stuck in a traffic jam?
2. Where were you going? 3. How long were you in the jam? 4. What did you do then? 5. If you haven’t met a traffic jam, can you
9. a place to sit seat 10. another word for taxi cab 11. a document which gives you the right
to do something permit 12. a document which shows you have
special and expensive
mentioned interesting
Read the text carefully and answer the questions: 1. How easy is it to find a taxi in Beijing? Raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. 2. What color are most taxis? They’re red. 3. What’s the problem with buses? They’re often very crowded.
商务英语阅读教程4Unit4textBppt课件
to WTO agreements, which are Ratify
signed by representatives of 批准
member governments and
ratified by their parliaments. Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous
《知识产权协定》宗旨：减少对 国际贸易的扭曲与阻碍；促进对 知识产权在国际范围内更充分、 有效的保护；确保知识产权的实 施及程序不对合法贸易构成壁垒。
Translation 1
Extending the coverage of trade regulation to the national level, we will examine the relationship between national trade regulation and the world trading system, particularly export and import regulation.
elimination of preferences, on a
Substantial
reciprocal and mutually advantageous 实质的
basis." It was negotiated during
the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment and was the
Agreement 马拉喀什协议
nations on 15 April 1994,
replacinTariffs and
Trade .
外经贸英语函电Unit 4课件
Business knowledge
Differences between a quotation and an offer
A quotation is a written form response to an enquiry, telling the enquirer the price and other terms of transaction. In this sense, the term “offer” is often used as “quotation” in international trade, today. However there are still some differences between them.
I. Business knowledge ➢ offer & quotation II. Offer/Quotation ➢ Useful words and expressions III. Counter-offers ➢ Useful words and expressions
Unit Four Quotations, offers and counter-offers—ZMC
The L/C is valid up to the end of December. 该信用证有效期至12月末。
The offer is valid for three weeks. 该报盘有效期为三个星期。 validity n. 有效
The agreement shall become null and void
obligation) non-firm offer：虚盘 (offer without engagement /obligation)
高中英语Unit4 课件外研版选择性必修第四册
[教材 P41] This kind of Coffee has special features：superior， smooth blend，with mild flavour.
这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。
[例 1] He is superior to the other man. 他比另一个男子级别高。 [例 2] That army won because of superior numbers. 那支军队以人多取胜。 [造句] 你在这项技术上一定胜过我。
The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich.
[知识拓展]
discriminate against
歧视；排斥；人身攻击；区别
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B
But to be the next business executive requires effort.You need to acquire a keen mind and good business brain and above all，you need enthusiasm.Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea，it's probably worth giving it a try.
Money is indeed important，but money cannot buy everything.A miser may think that “money talks”，but if you only give your attention to making money，you may lose many things，such as health，friendship and love.I don't think we should regard money as everything.Money is just a tool that can help us solve problems or enable us to live a comfortable life.What we should do is to use it appropriately and not become misers.This way，all of us can lead a happier life.
这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。
[例 1] He is superior to the other man. 他比另一个男子级别高。 [例 2] That army won because of superior numbers. 那支军队以人多取胜。 [造句] 你在这项技术上一定胜过我。
The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich.
[知识拓展]
discriminate against
歧视；排斥；人身攻击；区别
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B
But to be the next business executive requires effort.You need to acquire a keen mind and good business brain and above all，you need enthusiasm.Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea，it's probably worth giving it a try.
Money is indeed important，but money cannot buy everything.A miser may think that “money talks”，but if you only give your attention to making money，you may lose many things，such as health，friendship and love.I don't think we should regard money as everything.Money is just a tool that can help us solve problems or enable us to live a comfortable life.What we should do is to use it appropriately and not become misers.This way，all of us can lead a happier life.
英文版国贸课件Ch.4 Post H-O thoery
2nd Stage: Maturing product stage
Some general standards, mass production techniques, economies of scale (contrasts with H-O and Ricardo). Overseas demand occurs. Export, principally to Western Europe. Investment? if so, exports decline, may even import.
Production, consumption of product
Home consumptionLeabharlann Home production
0
Time
t0 New
t1 Maturing
t2 Standardized
Figure 4-2 Pattern of trade for home invention under product cycle theory
the inputs, etc. )
The demand lag: The period of time between when the product is sold in Country I and when it is demanded by consumers in Country II.
(4)
Degree of product aggregation (聚合 聚合) 聚合
The broader the category, the greater intra-industry.
The country source of exports shifts throughout the life cycle of the product
Unit 13 Economic Crisis经贸英语文章选读ppt(董晓波主编)
Cause 3, there are various heterodox
theories.
• Downplay or reject the explanations of the Keynesians and monetarists. For example, some new classical macroeconomists have argued that various labor market policies imposed at the start caused the length and severity of the Great Depression. The Austrian school of economics focuses on the macroeconomic effects of money supply, and how central banking decisions can lead to over-investment (economic bubble). The Marxist critique of political economy emphasizes the tendency of capitalism to create unbalanced accumulations of wealth, leading to over-accumulations of capital and a repeating cycle of devaluations through economic crises.
Text A
The Great Depression
Questions:
• How much information do you know about the Great Depression? • Do you know the causes of the Great Depression? • Do you know the great people or events during the Great Depression?
Unit 14 Negotiation经贸英语文章选读ppt(董晓波主编)
4. counter-offer n. 还价；还盘；反要约 offer & counter-offer 报盘和还盘; 报盘与还盘
5. imperfection [ ,impə‘fekʃən ] n. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点
market imperfection 市场的不完善; 市场不完全性 structural imperfection 结构不完整性; 结构缺陷; 结构非完美性 e.g. Love can tolerate imperfection. 爱可以容忍不完美。 6. frustrating [ frʌ‘streitiŋ ] adj. 令人沮丧的 e.g. Good luck to them, but it is very frustrating. We never took our chances - we could not put them away. 祝他们好运，但是这让人非常失望的是，我们没能抓信我 们的机会，我们不能打入进球。 7. bargain [ ‘bɑ:ɡin ] vi. 讨价还价；成交； vt. 讨价还价；拿…做交易 e.g. We refuse to bargain over the price. 我们拒绝在价格上讨价还价。
Fundamental Reason
• Fundamental reason: scarce resources Why did Israel negotiate with Egypt? Why does foreign company negotiate over investment or cooperation contract with local Chinese companies? Why do people trade? Why do employees negotiate over salary with the boss? • Conflict occurs when two or more people compete over limited resources. – What is conflict? – What are the features of conflict?
5. imperfection [ ,impə‘fekʃən ] n. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点
market imperfection 市场的不完善; 市场不完全性 structural imperfection 结构不完整性; 结构缺陷; 结构非完美性 e.g. Love can tolerate imperfection. 爱可以容忍不完美。 6. frustrating [ frʌ‘streitiŋ ] adj. 令人沮丧的 e.g. Good luck to them, but it is very frustrating. We never took our chances - we could not put them away. 祝他们好运，但是这让人非常失望的是，我们没能抓信我 们的机会，我们不能打入进球。 7. bargain [ ‘bɑ:ɡin ] vi. 讨价还价；成交； vt. 讨价还价；拿…做交易 e.g. We refuse to bargain over the price. 我们拒绝在价格上讨价还价。
Fundamental Reason
• Fundamental reason: scarce resources Why did Israel negotiate with Egypt? Why does foreign company negotiate over investment or cooperation contract with local Chinese companies? Why do people trade? Why do employees negotiate over salary with the boss? • Conflict occurs when two or more people compete over limited resources. – What is conflict? – What are the features of conflict?
法语经贸应用文PPT Unité 4
Dalian, le ...
Nous venons de lancer sur le marché une nouvelle série de conserves, d’une préparation tout à fait moderne et de qualité exceptionnelle. La forme et la couleur des boîtes faciliteront pour le commerçant leur présentation à l’étalage.
Nous avons pu réaliser cette série à des prix très modérés comme vous en jugerez par vous-même, grâce à des conditions favorables qui nous permettent d’acheter nos poissons directement aux pêcheurs de la côte, et nos légumes et fruits aux producteurs de la région.
Dans l’attente de votre prompte réponse, nous vous prions d’agréer, Messieurs, l’expression de nos sentiments distingués.
( Signature )
la marque être en mesure de f. qch le montant net la facture proforma être soumis (e) à ... la préavis la fluctuation aviser qn de qch définitif (ve) adj.
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Lead-in Questions
• Why training needs analysis must be done before training programs are developed? • What is the difference between the cost of no training versus the cost of training? • What are the training or development needs of your employees ? • How do we conduct a training needs analysis? Which factors should we consider?
员工对培训的需求
A. Development of employee/management skills to fill a current need B. Employee relations/organizational problems C. Meet changing needs D. Career Development
3.To develop data for evaluation. 需要为培训作数据更新。
4.To determine the costs and benefits of training. 需要确定培训所需的成本和回报，以便作 出比较。
培训成本
Out-of-pocket 培训支出
Cost of Training
5.Who is available to help conduct the training needs analysis?
6.What are the timeframes for completing the exercise? 7.What will be ths analysis report?
在培训项目展开之前，之所以需要有效的评 估，主要有4点原因：
1.To identify specific problem areas in the organization. 需要明确组织中存在的具体问题。
2. To obtain management support. Management usually thinks training is a "nice thing to do." 需要获得管理层的支持。管理者通常认为培训是 “有好处的”。
In still others, the goal is to prepare for requirements anticipated by higher level officials. 还有另外的一些情况下，培训的目标是为 高层管理者对组织预期的要求做准备。
Part 1 Training Needs Assessment
Salary 员工工资
Lost productivity 生产力减少
The major question trainers need to address in cost-benefit analysis is, "What is the difference between the cost of no training versus the cost of training?“ 主要的培训策划者需要做深入的“成本— 收益”分析： 不进行培训付出的代价 VS 开展培训所需要 的费用
• Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.
1.When everyone says “That was a good program”, it means that this is a fruitful training program. （F ） 2.Only when HR can demonstrate that trainging may improve efficiency on employees‟ jobs, the management will support training and not cut the budget of training program. （T）
In some cases, the need is immediate and the training remedial. 有些情况下，培训是急需的，对企业的某些问题 起到补救性的作用。
In other cases, the aim is to update and maintain professional knowledge. 其他的情况下，培训的目的是更新与增进员工的 专业知识、技能。
培训的目的
The purpose of training is to support the achievement of organizational goals by increasing the necessary skills of its employees. 培训的目的是通过增强企业员工的必要技 能，来支持和促进企业达到既定的组织目 标。
Gather data to identify needs
Determine what needs can be met by training and development
培训需求评估 的基本步骤
Proposing solutions
Identifying the Next Step
Part 1 Reading Comprehension
• A. Development of employee/management skills to fill a current need
• Trainee or intern training plans • Reduction in Force (RIF) placements • New Employees • New supervisors • Managerial competency assessments • Reassignments • Promotions
3. remedial [ ri„mi:diəl, -djəl ] adj. 治疗的；补救的； 矫正的 The confidence gained in remedial classes carried over into the children's regular school work. 孩子们在辅导班上获得的自信持续到他们正 常的学校学习中去。
评估培训项目时应注意：
Human Resource (HR) professionals and line managers also need to be aware that training is not the "cure all" for organizational problems. 人力资源专业师和管理经理也应当充分认 识到：培训并不能“治愈”企业所有固有 的问题。
• B. Employee relations/organizational problems • Performance problems • Production problems • Safety problems • Inspection deficiencies
• C. Meet changing needs • New technology • New equipment or programs • Modernization of equipment • Mission changes • Laws and regulations
Unit 4 Training 培训
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Background Information Part 1
Part 2
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to: 1. Have a general idea of the training. 2. Understand the ways to maintain a good training assessment . 3. Understand a trainer‟s role and funtions in improving the efficiency of training. 4. Master the difficult words and expressions.
Background Information
知识传递、技能传 递、标准传递、信 息传递、信念传递、 管理训诫
培训
培训的内涵
为了达到统一的科学技术规范、标准化作 业，通过目标规划设定、知识和信息传递、 技能熟练演练、作业达成评测、结果交流 公告等现代信息化的流程，让员工通过一 定的教育训练技术手段，达到预期的水平 提高目标。
• D. Career Development • Employees' requests • Career enhancement plans
如何展开培训需求的分析？
A Questionnaire（设制一张需求问卷）
1.What is the nature of the problem being addressed by instruction? 2. How have training needs been identified in the past and with what results? 3.What is the budget for the analysis? 4.How is training needs analysis perceived in the organization?