上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义-book4-unit2

UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSSection One Pre-reading Activities (1)I. Audiovisual supplement (1)II. Cultural background (2)Section Two Global Reading (2)I. Structural analysis of the text (2)II. Rhetorical features of the text (3)Section Three Detailed Reading (3)I. Questions (4)II. Words and expressions (5)III. Sentences (7)Section Four Consolidation Activities (9)I Vocabulary (9)II. Grammar (11)III. Translation (13)IV. Exercises for integrated skills (15)V. Oral activities (16)VI. Writing (16)Section Five Further Enhancement (16)I Text II (16)II Memorable Quotes (19)Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementFrom Secrets of Body LanguageWatch the video clip and answer the following questions.Script:Voiceover:But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. It’s all smiles for the cameras, but behind the façade o f bonhomie, there’s a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly explains that none of them will take any questions.Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and offer no comments, so I have to set a good example.Voiceover: The body language then reveals just why that works.Expert A:Wow. It’s almost a physical fight.Voiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again.Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the West, letting someone through the door first doesn’t really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact.Expert B:The host, the power person, says, “I’m in control. I’ll help you through the door. I’ll show you the way.”Arafat:Thank you. Thank you.Voiceover: Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense.Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts wagering his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door.Expert B:So you’ve got fear and power struggle, s howing in big big big big bold body language with it.Questions:1. How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people?Answer: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well.2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?Answer: Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.3. What does this story tell us?Answer: Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.II. Cultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:●people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;●people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;●strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;●in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Section Two Global ReadingI. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 – 2): T he writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal spaceby relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.Part II (Paragraphs 3 – 7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners. Part III (Paragraph 8 – 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:- I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)- … who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him ... (Paragraph 1) Practice:Please find more examples to illustrate the author’s careful choice of verbs.Section Three Detailed ReadingSPACE INVADERSRichard Stengel1 At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropeswhen a man in a sweat-suit started inching toward me in his eagerness to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.2 I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot toeach side, and about ten inches in back — though it is nearly impossible to measure exactly how far behind you someone is standing. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it (“You’re invading my space, man”), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.3 Lately, I’ve found that my personal space is being invaded more than ever before. Inelevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging through the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, people are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.4 At first, I attributed this tendency to the “population explosion” and the relentlessMalthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as much space. Recently, I’ve wondered if it’s the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan — the number seems to double every three months — is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.5 Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal spacein private. (Humanity wouldn’t exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado. “Don’t tread on me” could have been coined only by someone with a spread. I would wager that people in the Northern Hemisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.6 Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and don’t leave a note, people nolonger mutter “Excuse me” when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain.7 I’ve also noticed an increase in the ran ks of what I think of as space invaders,mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.8 Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the spaceoutside us than with our inner space. I suspect that the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our brains.9 In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan may eventually producea tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personalspace. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down my neck.I. Questions1. Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2)Answer: “Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesn’t mean that it is out of date. People, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.2. What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly a public matter”? (Paragraph 5)Answer: Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonalrelationship. Edward T. Hall in The Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the social values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as falling into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 –1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 –4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 – 10 feet), and Public distance (10 or more feet).”3. Do you agree with the writer’s view that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8)Answer: Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it.Class ActivityGroup discussions:Topic A: Is personal space important to you? Why or why not?Topic B: According to your observation, does personal space vary in different places /relations / cultures? Give examples.II. Words and expressionsPart 1: Paragraphs 1-2snake: v. move in a twisting waye.g. The train was snaking its way through the mountains.Synonym: meanderinch: v. move very slow and carefullye.g.Howard inched forward in the crowd.He inched his way through the narrow passage.in mild annoyance: with a little anger or impatiencemild: a. not very great in degreee.g. We looked at each other in mild astonishment.Synonym: slightsidle: v. walk in a timid manner, esp. sideways or obliquelye.g. A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match.scribble:v. write or draw (sth.) carelessly or hurriedlySynonym: scrawle.g.He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving.She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand.Throughout the interview, the journalists scribbled away furiously.n. [U, sing.]careless and untidy writinge.g. How do you expect me to read this scribble?shuffle: v.walk by dragging one’s feet along or without lifting them fully from the grounde.g.He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair.Collocations:shuffle sth. off: avoid talking or thinking about sth. because it is not considered importante.g.He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.shuffle out of sth.: try to avoid some unpleasant task by acting dishonestlye.g.I mistrust the way in which they shuffle out of sustained efforts.Slinky:n. A Slinky (“机灵鬼”，一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具) is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Richard James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes. They can “walk” down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step, the spring’s momentum causing it to spill end over end from one step to the next.ring: n. a quality, or an impression of having the quality that is mentionede.g. Her story had a ring of truth about it.The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.gratifying: a. giving pleasure or satisfactione.g. The new plan may be gratifying to the President.Derivations: gratify v.; gratification n.penetrate: v. succeed in forcing a way through (sth.)e.g. They penetrated into the territory where no man had ever gone before.The sun’s radiation penetrates the skin.Part II: Paragraphs 3-7wedge: v. force into a narrow space; fix sth. in position by using a wedge or sth. elsee.g. The people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner.Open the door wide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.zigzag:v. move forward by going at an angle first to one side, then to the othere.g. We zigzagged up the hill.The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.n. a line or pattern that looks like a series of let ter W’s as it bends to the left and then to the right againe.g.The path descended the hill in zigzags.a. [only before noun]e.g. a zigzag line/path/patterncarve out: establish or create sth. through painstaking efforte.g. With months of strenuous work, the artist carved out a flower of ivory.Years of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.press: v.push, move, or make (one’s way) strongly, esp. in a crowde.g. He pressed his way through the crowd.So many peo ple pressed round the famous actress that she couldn’t get to her car. Translation:人群挤在她身边，争着要她的签名。

Unit 2 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement1. care2. impact3. orbiting satellites4. warn of5. location6. at any given time7. vibrate8. detected9. calculate 10. convertedLanguage FocusVocabularyI.1.1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4)take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately2.1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5)starting up 6)wentthrough 7) fill out 8) fall into3.1) incorporates all the latest safety features2) two trees ten feet apart3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars5) are correlated in all racial groups4. 1) the application/ has turned into a reality/ are poised to2) that vibrate/can detect/frequency3) lanes/are mounted in/alert a /hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words:kilogram/memorandum/gymnasium/liberation/doctor/veterinarian/preparatory/ automobile/influenzaBlends:medical care/electronic mail/communications satellite/news broadcast/sky hijack/ European dollar/breakfast and lunch/television broadcast/Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) enriched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) canned food 7) working population 8) puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI.1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) takecontrol of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3)revolutionized 4) enable 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII.1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fallin living standards and an increase in social problems3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated withglobal temperatures4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from thecoach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever theway people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Text BComprehension Check1. a c c d b bTranslation1.这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但他们不需要特别的道路设施，只需要将车道标志维护好就行了。

Book 4课后练习答案Unit 1, Book 4 Fighting with the Forces of NatureVocabularyP15I. 1. 1) alliance 2) heroic 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus6) regions 7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) retreat11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 13) campaign14) at the cost of 15) has been brought to a haltP162. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on/ pressed on4) drag on 5) picking up 6) falling apart 7) cut back8) take overP174. 1) the occupation of , retreat to, regions2) crucial, efficient, to reckon with, weaken, be brought to a halt3) a heroic, the decisive, turned the tide , siege, by launching Comprehensive ExercisesP21I.Cloze (A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching… off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign8. drag on9. reckon with 10. die from 11. bring … to a haltP22II.TranslationThe offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/ fierce/ stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2 , Book 4 Smart CarsVocabularyP46I. 1. 1) expansion 2) manufacturing 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) convert 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10)in the air11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately 13) application 14) monotonous15) mountedP472. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) result from 4) making up for5) starting up 6) play up 7) give up 8) take on P494. 1) in/into pollution , had become a reality, Presently, are poised to2) that vibrate, frequency3) lanes, are presently, highway, mounted, alert, hazardII. Word formationP50Kilogram medical careMemorandum electronic mailGymnasium communications satelliteLiberation news broadcastDoctor automatic pilotVeterinarian European dollarPreparatory breakfast lunchAutomobile television broadcastComprehensive ExercisesP63I. ClozeA1. alert2. hazards3. highway4. start5. takecontrol of6. lane7. decrease8. get stuck in9. monotonous 10. eliminate11. convert 12. mountedP54II. TranslationAutomobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United states and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of greatuse to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and airpollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automobile accidentsrang among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world.Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. Newpropulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of manufacturing cars haveall developed rapidly in the past decade. For example , by using thesatellite-aided Global Positioning System (GPS), a computer in theautomobile can locate the vehicle’s precise position, and with the applicationof sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.Unit 3, Book 4 Job InterviewV ocabularyI.P841. 1) generously 2) physically 3) structure 4) partition 5) blurted out6) chuckling 7) pried 8) prospective 9) jet 10) sparkled11) took a crack at 12) partner 13) made a (big) difference14) beyond his wildest dream 15) employmentP852 1) go after 2) look back on/ at 3) be put up 4) count on5) was handed down 6) follow up 7) bring about 8) broke intoP874. 1) will interview, applicants, the prospective2) endeavor to, the deadline, go after3) as the saying goes, bracket, have a crack atComprehensive ExercisesP92I.Cloze(A) 1. prospective 2. interview 3. As I see it 4. done yourhomework5. endeavor6. structure7. take a crack8. from the standpoint9. employment 10. deadline 11. make a difference 12. follow up(B) 1. matter 2. to 3. not 4. possible5. can6. interview7. ask8. copies9. If 10. preparing 11. what 12. kinds13. take 14. Prior 15. whether 16. fitP93II.TranslationWell begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollarsa year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospecti ve employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Unit 4，Book 4 The Multicultural SocietyVocabularyI. 1. 1) plural 2) debt 3) thesis 4) inevitably 5) historical6) precedent 7) constructive 8) destructive 9) ethnic 10) combination11) stagnant 12) destiny 13) discourage 14) from the perspective of15) in the (medical) sense2. 1) leave behind 2) show up 3) go over 4) knock off5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away 7) took in 8) keep up with 3. 1) … is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept effectively under control.2)… had a se nse that their country was at the center of the world and so called it“the Middle Kingdom”.3)… network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career.4) … to have/ develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as th e masterspecies but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole.4. 1) in decline, mentality, paralyzing the2) the characteristics , an immigrant, unbelievable3) a religion, cooperation with, submergeII. Confusable Words1. like/ as2. as3. like4. like/ as5. as/ like6. as7. like8. asStructure2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals.2) a desire to follow in his footsteps.3) reached a decision to walk back.4) failure to properly educate its children.Comprehensive ExercisesI.Cloze(A) 1. on the decline 2. historical 3. for the first time 4. mentality 5. essential6. discouraged7. destiny8. immigrants9. ethnic 10. combinationII. TranslationProfessor Huntington’s paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather that destructive role.He argues that in a plural/ pluralistic society we must stress /attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.Unit 5，Book 4 CrueltyVocabularyI. 1. 1)In a way 2)clapping 3)elderly 4) in accordance with 5)vacancy6)funks 7)current 8)in good condition 9) transparent 10)rub11)spicy 12)hitherto 13)committed 14) with a very bad grace 15) instinct2. 1) turned up 2) stuck to 3)brought back 4) settled down5)driving at 6)away 7)touch on/upon 8)bear…out3. 1)She has a very weak constitution—she may not be able to survive the operation.2)I was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my claim.3)It was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4)…needs trimming /to be timmed—it’s getting too long.5)…are often deceptive4. 1)Oddly enough/went broke/wrinkled/had gone all to pieces2)a definite/evidently/was a trifle3)shaving/stroking his/sippingII. Usage1.Except for2.except that3. except4. except when5.except to6. except that7. except where8.except that Structure1. 1)He’ll accept the job unless the salary’s too low.2)Unless she comes soon, I’m going without her.3)Milk quickly turns sour unless it’s refrigerated.4)Unless we are told to stop, we will carry on selling the furniture.2.1) If you happen to pass a baker’s2)it happened that no one was in the house.3)Peter happened to be speaking to me about his would-be-mother-in-law/It happened that Peter was speaking to be about his would-be-mother-in-law. Comprehensive ExercisesII.ClozeA 1.insane mitteed 3.current 4.was taken aback 5.in good condition6.constitution7. go all to pieces8.gone broke9.vacancy 10. mild 11.funk 12. deceptiveB 1. range 2. to 3. called 4. Although 5. as 6. rural 7. below8. understanding 9. suffer 10. but 11. other 12. it 13. emotional 14. no 15. from 16. into 17. at 18. reduce 19. basis 20. about/ofII. TranslationFor my own part, I should certainly hestitate to hire a clerk on his face /appearance alone. Appearances are all to often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judgment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the characeter created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Turner’s dealth. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Unit 6，Book 4 The Pace of LifeVocabularyI. 1. 1)appliance 2)comparative 3)mutlitply 4)oblige 5)prosperity6)in reality 7)aircraft 8)volunteers 9) a handful of10)distribution 11)famine 12)large quantities of / a large quantity of 13)widespread 14)streamline 15)provoke2. 1)take back 2)cling to 3)stand out/stood out 4)set aside5)set about 6)switch off 7)amount to 8)poured in3. 1)…is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.2)…seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk as both menare speaking to the audience.3)…to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.4)…was urged to diver some of its attention from controlling production and getmore involved with demanding issues.5)…can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at￡900and dresses at￡2,000.4. 1)forum/growth/domestic market / a shortage of2)an abundance of /springing up / the frontiers3)a burden/are always on the go /seem forever on the go/to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1)nervousness 2).tension 3).stress/tension 4).tension2. 1).honorary 2).Honorable 3).honorable 4).honorary5). honorable 6). HonoraryIII. Usage1.Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species--be it an elephant or an orchid--in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2.This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened--at airport, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph reading by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not,it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.5.Structure1. 1)Philosophical essays and translations apart2) Interest in computer science apart3) Handsome reward apart4) Good looks apart2.1) of 2)about 3) through in 4)from ontoComprehensive ExercisesIII.ClozeA 1. switch off 2.obliged 3.on the go 4. stress5.cope6. shortage 7 . Wide-spread 8. large quantity of9. pouring in 10.a handful of 11. fraction 12.futileB 1. to 2.else's 3. in 4. because 5.where 6. how 7. among8. everything/all 9. That 10.schedule/allot 11. sticking 12.where/what 13.once/when 14.doesn't 15.the 16. in 17.all 18.effectivelyII. TranslationThere is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth.Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labour longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7，Book 4 TerrorismVocabularyI. 1. 1)faxed 2)boom 3)jogs 4)contending 5) span 6)hiking7) pertinent 8)adolescents 9)tags 10)weaves 11)all of a sudden12) statistical 13)string 14)disapproving 15)recurs2. 1)has backed up 2)went off 3)is held up 4) settle for5)be laid up 6)strike out 7) reflect on/upon 8)applied for 3. 1)...mortality rate is very high in the poorest rural areas of Africa.2) ....we can fix it by ourselves for nothing3)...unusual that John was among the few who arrived early at yesterday's party, for which he was praised by the hostess.4)...a lot of maintenance whatever the cost.5) ...(was)enveloped in thick fog.4. 1)pondered for/to fax/the statistical/to back up2)much imagination/weave /and unusual3)maintenance/for nothing fromII. Collocation1.a little of2. a few/a few of the3. much 4 .few5. many6. many of/most of7. much of8. littleIII. Usage1.All I did was fax her the paper so as to let her decide what to do.2.What you need to do is write a follow-up letter after the interview to indicate your eagerness to join the company.3."All you ever want to do is go shopping," Tim shouted at his wife.4.All I did was touch the window , and it broke.5.What the publisher did was cash in on the chance to promote his new textbooks.6.What we'll do is leave a note for Bob to tell him we'll be back in time for the dinner party.Structure1. 1)"You seem to like smoking a pipe, don't you? Did you use to like it before?" asked Phil.2)Life here is much easier than it used to be.3)We used to be able to walk around the town at night without fear of being mugged. But now no one dares to go out after dark.4) You don't come and see us as often as you used to.2. 1)It seems they don't care whether the deal is profitable or not.2)She doesn't care who teaches so long as he/she teaches well.3)Don't fuss about it. No one cares how you dress.4)Most people don't seem to care when/where the conference will be held. Comprehensive ExercisesIV.ClozeA 1.reflect on 2.span 3.fax 4.imagination 5.boom 6.statistical7 .back up 8.contends 9.recurring 10.send in 11. weaveB 1.told 2.of 3.What 4.on 5.think 6.But 7.When 8.also9.declares 10.itself 11.what 12.will 13.not 14.What 15.war 16.cannot 17.every 18.But 19.ways 20.thanII. TranslationA severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10 a.m. Yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastations/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur.Unit 8.，Book 4 TravelVocabularyI. 1. 1)heap 2) was smeared 3) in detail 4)dissolve 5)loosed6) slapped 7) hollows 8)tangle 9)lay/get her hands on10)darted 11)thrashing 12)hop 13)in flocks 14)illuming 15)opaque 2. 1)take...apart 2)take up 3)rests on 4)subscribe to5)have called for 6)came through 7)breaks down 8)runs out of 3. 1)...was dying to see the movie based on it.2)...to the 20th floor of our office building can mute all sound. That's why streetnoises do not penetrate there.3)...the spokeswoman's beauty and elegance/the beautiful and elegant spokeswoman, the crowd hushed.4)...slumped into an armchair, feeling completely exhausted.5)...was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4. 1)swarmed to/the spectacular/paddled2)live in the heart of/out of the range of/trailing/gliding3)Now/now/clattered/strips/on the fringeII. Confusable Words1.1)worth 2)worthy 3) worthwhile 4) worth 5)worth 6)worthwhile2.1)lone 2)alone 3)alone 4)lonely 5)lonely 6)aloneIII. Usage1)ice cream 2)teas 3)wines 4)cloth 5)soap 6)beer7)fuels 8)soils 9)sugars 10)grassStructure1. 1)...get/start his program going without strong financial support2)...started/set the audience in the theater laughing heartily as well.3)have set phones ringing in plastic surgeons' offices across the country.4)had her getting to her feet and walking out of the room immediately2.1)wonder that 2)wondered how/why 3)wonder where 4)wondered who/how Comprehensive ExercisesV.ClozeA 1.trails 2.tangled 3.heart 4.loop5.slap6. oars 7 .glides 8.clatter9.out of sight 10.in flocks 11.swarms 12.spectacularB 1.running/winding 2.trips 3.either 4.by 5.main6.tributaries7.prefer8.foot9.through 10.If 11.creating 12.While 13.lies 14.where 15.second 16.With 17.including 18.will II. TranslationLast Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.。