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magazine 杂志periodical 期刊back number 过期杂志pre-dated 提前出版的world news 国际新闻home news 国内新闻news agency 新闻社editor 编辑commentator 评论员the second edition 再版the third edition 第三版the first impression 第一次印刷the second impression 第二次印刷deluxe edition 精装本paperback 平装本pocket edition 袖珍本popular edition 普及版copyright 版权reporter,correspondent,journalist resident correspondent 常驻记者special correspondent 特派记者editorial, leading article 社论feature, feature article 特写headline 标题banner headline 通栏标题news report, news story,news coverage 新闻报导serial, to serialize 连载serial story 小说连载editor's note 编者按advertisement, ad 广告press communique 新闻公报press conference 记者招待会publication 出版publishing house, press 出版社publisher 发行者circulation 发行量edition 版本the first edition 初版记者royalty 版税type-setting, composition 排版proof-reading 校对工作proof-reader 校对（者）editing 编辑（工作）editor 编辑（者）printing 印刷printing machine 印刷机type-setter, compositor 排字工人folio 对开本quarto 四开本octavo 八开本16-mo 十六开本32-mo 三十二开本64-mo 六十四开本reference book 参考书booklet, pamphlet 小册子，小书periodical 期刊magazine 杂志daily 日报weekly 周刊fortnightly 半月刊monthly 月刊bimonthly 双月刊quarterly 季刊annual 年刊year-book 年鉴extra issue （报纸）号外special issue 特刊daily paper 日报evening paper 晚报morning paper 晨报Sunday newspaper 星期日报manual, handbook 手册document, paper 公文pictorial magazine 画报memorial volume 纪念刊selected works, selections 选集complete works 全集anthology 文集，文选scientific literature 科学文献index 索引original edition 原版（书）new edition 新版revised edition 修订版reprint 重印，翻印cheap edition, paperback 廉价本encyclopaedia, encyclopedia 百科全书textbook 教科书reader 读本best seller 畅销书accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n ．广告． advance n ．预发消息；预写消息affair n ．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n ．趣闻轶事assignment n ．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n ．新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
新视野大学英语视听说 1 教案Teaching Aids: multi-media, physical objects, models, pictures, CDV. Teaching Procedures1. Opening UpGuide Ss to think of the activities he/she sometimes does at weekends,and then ask his/her partner whether he/she likes doing any of the activities mentioned in the word webs on Page 2 and whether he/she did any of them last weekend.2. Skills Training1) Lead-in: Watch a podcast from the beginning to the end for its general idea, and thenfinish the related exercises on pages 3---4.2) ListeningListening skills: Listening for specific informationListening for specific information is a common and useful listening skill. It means listening for the important details you need. For example, if you listen to a weather forecast, you should expect to information about the temperatures, descriptions of the weather, such as clear, sunny, cloudy, overcast, rainy, hot, cold, windy, snow, storm, and chances of rain / snow. Training at 3 steps:BEFORE you listen; WHILE you listen; AFTER you listen3) Viewing Training at 3 steps:BEFORE you view; WHILE you view; AFTER you view4) SpeakingSpeaking skills: Keeping a conversation goingKeeping a conversation going is an important speaking skill forexchanging information with or showing politeness to other people. Thereare severalways to keep a conversation going.Firstly, ask questions. Questions are useful not only for starting a conversation, but also for keeping the conversation going. After your first question, ask follow-up questions, especially open-ended questions, to encourage the person you are talking with to go on with the conversation. Secondly, give extra information. When answering questions, try to give extra information such as whom you did something with, when and whereyou did it, how it was.Thirdly, make comments. Encourage your conversation partner to go on talking by making comments on what he / she says. You may use expressions such asT hat sounds good!, Really?, or I don ' t believe y.o u! Speaking skills training: Imitation; Role-play; Group discussion3. Further practice in listening1) Understanding ten short conversations.Unit Two A Break for Fun(3 periods)I. Teaching Objectives and Requirements1. Topic:Talk about various leisure activities.2. Skills:1) Listening: able to identify words and expressions for describingpeople's appearance.2) Speaking: able to ask for and give recommendations; able to describean event.3. Vocabulary, Expressions and GrammarSlumdog Millionaire , Terminator, The Proposal, Sweeney Todd, The Graduate, Bestival, masculine, blonde, coming of age, survey, personality, presenter, live, surf.II. Teaching Focuses1. Topic understanding and improving the students 'lis tening and speaking ability about talking about the various leisure activities.2. Listen and learn by heart some useful expressions about the relevant films and leisure activities.3. Practice talking about one's appearance, describing an event.III. Teaching Difficulties1. How to improve the students'listening and speaking ability about topics in this unit.2. How to understand the movie names in the dialogs.IV. Teaching Methods and Teaching AidsTeaching Methods: presentation, discussion, self-learning, instruction, interactionTeaching Aids: Multi-media, physical objects, models, pictures, CDV. Teaching ProceduresStep One: Lead inTeaching tips: Ask Students to work in pairs discussing the following questions and then compare their answers with their partners.What is your favorite activity in your spare time?How often do you go to the cinema?Step Two: Listening SkillsTask 1:Understanding short conversationsUnit Three Life moments(3 periods)I. Teaching Objectives and Requirements1. Topic:Talk about various leisure activities.2. Skills:1) Listening: able to identify words and expressions for describingpeople's appearance.2) Speaking: able to ask for and give recommendations; able to describean event.3. Vocabulary, Expressions and GrammarDiversity, multiculturalism, absolutely, and stuff, tremendous architecture, Oasis, pass, boundary, absurdist, traditionalII. Teaching Focuses1. Topic understanding and improving the students 'lis tening and speaking ability about talking about the various leisure activities.2. Listen and learn by heart some useful expressions about the relevant films and leisure activities.3. Practice talking about one's appearance, describing an event.III. Teaching Difficulties1. How to improve the students'listening and speaking ability about topics in this unit.2. How to understand the movie names in the dialogs.IV. Teaching Methods and Teaching AidsTeaching Methods: presentation, discussion, self-learning, instruction, interactionTeaching Aids: Multi-media, physical objects, models, pictures, CDV. Teaching ProceduresStep One: Lead inTeaching tips: Ask Students to work in pairs discussing the following questions and then compare their answers with their partners.Have you ever traveled aboard?Have you ever slept in a tent in the woods ?Step Two: Listening SkillsTask 1:Understanding short conversationsNow you will hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four possible choices.Unit Four Getting from A to B(3 periods)I. Teaching Objectives and Requirements1. Topic:Talk about different types of transportation.2. Skills:1) Listening: to ask yourself information questions before listening.2) Speaking: to make and respond to apologies.3. Vocabulary, Expressions and GrammarWaterloo Station, World Fair, Seattle, Heathrow, Berlin, Zen, Amsterdam, iPod, landscape, sweaty, water, monorail, definitely, vegetarian, commute, improvisation.II. Teaching Focuses1. Topic understanding and improving the students 'lis tening and speaking ability about talking about the different types of transportation.2. Listen and learn by heart some useful expressions about the relevant films and apologies.3. Ask yourself information questionsIII. Teaching Difficulties1. How to improve the students'listening and speaking ability about topics in this unit.2. How to deal with problems when traveling.IV. Teaching Methods and Teaching AidsTeaching Methods: presentation, discussion, self-learning, instruction, interactionTeaching Aids: Multi-media, physical objects, models, pictures, CDV. Teaching ProceduresStep One: Lead inTeaching tips: Think of two types of transportation. Then work in pairs and ask each other as few yes/no questions as possible to find out the types of transportation in your partner's mind. Here are some examples: Does it go on the road?Is it big?Is it for lots of people?Step Two: Listening SkillsTask 1:Understanding short conversationsNow you will hear five short conversations. Listen carefully and choosethe best answer from the four possible choices.Task 2: Understanding a long conversationNow you will hear a long conversation followed by four questions. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four possible choices. Task 3: Understanding the two passagesNow you will hear two passages, in which the first passage is followed by four questions and the second passage is with word blanks for you to fill in. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the listening materials.Task 4: Listening to the world --- ViewingBefore Watching: Read the program information on the textbook and answer the questions:1) Why are the planes late at Heathrow Airport?2) What is the program mainly talk about?While Watching1. Read the statements. Then watch the video clip and underline the activities you see people doing.2. Watch Part 1 of the video clip and listen to four people talk about the situation. Match the phrases 1-6 to the people A-D. Sometimes there is on more answer.After Watching: Suppose you were one of the passengers at Heathrow Airport that day. Write an email to a friend to tell him about the problem you had at the airport after you have finally arrived home. Task 5: Additional listening materials( 大学英语新闻听力教程) Listen to the news: now listen to the news report and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Step Three: Speaking out Task 1: Imitation.Listen to the statement and read them out. Task 2: Speaking skillsMaking and responding to apologiesStep Four: VocabularyWaterloo Station 滑铁卢车站（伦敦）, World Fair 世界博览会Seattle 西雅图, Heathrow希斯罗机场（伦敦）, Berlin 柏林, Zen 禅宗（佛教的宗派之一）, Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹, iPod 苹果随身播放器, landscape 风景, sweaty 闷热的使人出汗, water（风等使眼睛）流泪monorail 单轨铁路, definitely 确切的，肯定的, vegetarian 蔬菜的，没有肉的, commute上下班往返.Step Two: Listening SkillsTask 1:Understanding short conversationsill hear five short conversations. Listen the best answer from the four possible choices. choose。
accredited journalist 特派记者accurate journalism 精确新闻学actuality 现场报道ad 广告adlib 即兴报道adman 广告商agony column 启事广告栏air 广播airdate 广播时间airing 正在播送airplay 电台唱片播送airspace 广告时间affair 绯闻anaglyph 彩色立体画anchor 新闻节目主持人anchor booth 播音室anecdotal lead 轶事性导语annals 编年史announcement 启事，简讯announcer 播音员announcer studio 播音室anonymous source 匿名消息来源ANSE 美国报纸主编协会apocryphal story 假新闻appropriateness 适宜性art 插图（总称）assistant editor 助理编辑associate editor 副编辑assignment 采写任务attribution 消息来源audience 受众audience survey 受众调查authoritative source 权威消息人士back alley news 小道消息back cover 杂志封底backgrounder 背景介绍back number/issue 过期报刊backup 后备记者bank/basement 副标题banner 通栏标题blanker head 通栏标题beat 采写范围beat reporter 分类专访记者big media 大媒介billboard 节目前插播bimonthly 双月刊bite 讲话录音biweekly 双周刊blackout 镜头隐去blacksmith 平庸记者blank 开天窗bleed 出血版（印至边沿）blowup 放大照片blue-pencil 改稿blurb 吹嘘性短文或广告board of editors 编委会body 正文boil 压缩篇幅boilerplate 补白新闻（硬凑内容）boldface 黑粗体字book page/review 书评bottom line 报刊印数bottom strip 沉底通栏box 花边新闻briefing 新闻发布会，吹风会bright 短趣文broadsheet 大开版报纸budget 当日要闻bureau 新闻办事处bulletin 新闻简报byline 署名文章call-in 受众来电节目camera crew 摄制组cameraman 摄影师candid 快照canned copy 同时被多家报纸发表的稿件canon of journalism 记者信条caps 大写字母caption 图片说明caricature/cartoon 漫画carry 刊登catch line 醒目标题catch penny 耸动性文章censor 审查centred head 中心式标题chart 每周流行音乐榜chat/talk show 脱口秀checklist 采访提纲chief editor 总编chitchat column 闲话栏circulation 发行量city article 金融商业新闻city page 金融和商业新闻版city desk/room 本地新闻部city edition 本地版classified ads 分类广告clean copy 誊清稿clean proof 清样clean start 开始播出closed circuit TV 闭路电视close-up 特写镜头code of ethics 新闻记者道德标准cold media 冷媒介cold news 旧闻cold type 照相制版collage 版面拼贴艺术colored news 主观报道color man 现场解说员column 栏目，专栏columnist 专栏作家combined lead 复合式导语comic strip 连环画comma chaser 文字编辑commentary 实况评论commentator 时事评论员commercial 商业广告commercial Broadcasting 商业广播communication channel 传播渠道communication media 传播媒介communication model 传播模式communication network 传播网络communique 新闻公报compose 排版continued story 连载故事continuity 串联词contributing editor 特约编辑contribution 投稿contributor 投稿人copy 文字说明copy desk 新闻编辑部copyedit 编辑稿件copyeditor 文字编辑copy fit 组排稿件copy flow 稿件处理过程copy taster 选稿人copy writer 撰稿人correction 更正启事correspondence 通讯员来稿correspondence column 读者来信专栏correspondent 驻外记者counter programming 竞争性节目编排cover 采写，报道coverage 新闻报道量cover girl 封面女郎cover story 封面报道covert coverage 隐性采访crawl 爬行字母credit line 署名行credits 片头片尾制作人员名单credo 记者信条critic 评论员critique 评论crop 剪辑图片crosshead 小标题crusade 宣传攻势cub 见习记者cushion 备用稿件cut 插图；删减cut line 插图说明daily 日报dateline 新闻电头dead-air 停播时间deck 副标题delayed lead 延缓式导语desk 报社编辑部dig 深入采访；追踪digest 文摘disk jockey 流行音乐节目主持人dispatches 电讯稿display ads 特排广告distortion 新闻失实documentary 纪实节目dope story 内幕新闻drop head 阶梯式标题drum beater 鼓吹者dub 为……配音ear 刊登小消息的报头左右上角editing cubicle 剪辑室editor-in-chief 总编辑editor notes 编者按editorial office 编辑部editorial 社论editorial page 社论版editorial policy 编辑方针editorial staff 全体编辑人员editorial work 编务electronic media 电子媒介electronic newspaper 电子报刊employment advertising 招聘广告enterprise copy 追踪报道evening paper 晚报exclusive 独家新闻exclusive interview 独家采访exclusive report 独家报道executive editor 执行编辑expose 新闻曝光extra 号外eye-account 记者见闻factual report 真实报道fairness doctrine 公开性原则fake report 失实报道faxed photo 传真照片feature 特写feature program 专题节目feedback 信息反馈field pickup 实况转播file 发稿filler 补白fill-up 小型插播节目final draft 定稿fireside speech/talk 广播电视演说/讲话five Ws of news 新闻五要素fixed position 固定时间播出的节目Fleet Street 舰队街（英国新闻界）fluff 口误folio 对开版报纸flag 报头；报名fold 折叠式印刷品folo 连续报道fortnightly 双周刊framework 新闻结构Fourth Estate 第四等级freedom of the press 新闻自由free-lance journalism 自由撰稿新闻业free-lancer 自由撰稿人free sheet 免费赠阅的报刊fringe time 非黄金时间front-page 头版fudge 最后新闻full position 报刊的醒目位置gag rule 言论限制gang interview 记者招待会ghost word 错别字glossy magazine 通俗杂志gossip colum 闲话栏gossip writer 社会新闻作家grapevine 小道消息gutter 中缝ham radio 业余无线电台hard news 硬新闻headline 新闻标题hearsay 小道消息HFR(hold for release)留存稿highlights 要闻hot news 热点新闻home news 国内新闻hookup 节目联播human interest 人情味illustration 插图index 今日要闻in-depth reporting 深度报道information source 消息来源instant replay 即时回放internal publication 内部刊物international news 国际要闻insert 插稿interpretative reporting 解释性报道invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私inverted pyramid 倒金字塔investigative reporting 调查性报道issue 期、号itinerating coverage 巡回采访journalese 新闻文体journalism 新闻业；新闻学journalist coinages 新闻造词journalist rules 新闻法规keyhole report 内幕新闻kill 退稿last-minute news 最后消息lay reader 一般读者layout 版面编排lead 导语leader 重要文章lead-in 导语；引言leading article 社论lead story 头条新闻legman 现场特派记者letter to the editor 读者来信libel 诽谤libelous report 诽谤性报道light literature 通俗文艺栏目literary criticism 文艺评论live 现场直播的local 本地新闻log 删减magazine show 专题节目mailer 邮递广告main fact lead 主要事实导语makeup 版面设计managing editor 新闻编辑man of the year 年度风云人物mass communication 大众传播mass media 大众传播媒介master head 报头栏matches, hatches, and dispatches 婚丧喜庆蓝media effect 媒介效果media image 媒介形象media independence 媒介独立mini-story 微型消息mini-torial 短评misreport 失实报道mobile television unit 电视转播车moderator 节目主持人monitor 监控montage 镜头合成mood 新闻基调morgue 报刊资料室morning paper 晨报mouthpiece 代言人muckraker 揭丑记者multi-deck headline 多层标题network time 联播时间news analyst 新闻评论员news beat 采访范围news blackout 新闻封锁news bulletin 新闻简报newscast 新闻广播news clue 新闻线索news commentary 新闻评论news conference 记者招待会news consumer 读者news coverage 新闻报道news dealer 报刊经销人news dispatches 电讯稿news film 新闻片news flash 快讯news gathering 新闻采访news huddle 新闻编辑会议news in brief 简明新闻newspaper group 报团news peg 新闻电头newsprint 新闻纸newsreel 新闻片news release 新闻稿newsroom 新闻编辑室news screening 新闻过滤news selection 新闻选择news service/agency 通讯社news sheet 报纸news source 新闻来源news stall 报摊news value 新闻价值news vendor 报贩news worthiness 新闻价值newsbreak 重要新闻报道night desk 夜班编辑部门night desk editor 夜班编辑nightside 晨报人员noise 电视电台杂音no-news lead 标签式导语non-news 非新闻稿note 随笔not for attribution 不宜公开的消息来源obituary 讣告off the air 停止广播off the record 不宜公开的报道official newspaper 机关报OIRT 国际广播电视组织one-shot 单行本one-screen report 现场报道on the air 正在广播中on-the-spot story 现场采访新闻op-ed page 社论对页评论版openness 透明度opinion leader 舆论领袖opinion poll 民意测验outside broadcast 实况转播overrun 超印overset 超排新闻稿overwrite 过度报道page makeup 版面设计page reform 改版page space 版面篇幅pagination 标注版面页码pan 遥摄镜头parajournalism 非常规新闻写作participation observation 体验生活paste-up 拼版patent insides 新闻内页patent outsides 新闻外页partisan press 政党报刊pay-TV 收费电视pegging 新闻背景penny press 大众报personal column 私人广告栏photojournalism 摄影新闻pickup 旧闻重叙pictorial 画刊picture director 图画编辑pilot 试播节目pipeline 匿名消息来源playback 回放plagiarism 剽窃，抄袭play list 节目播放单police beat 警事专访记者polish 改稿，润色pony edition 向海外发行的小型张pool 限额记者团popularization 通俗读物popular paper 大众报纸press association 报业协会press baron 报业大王pree book 剪报本press box 记者席press briefing 新闻发布会press bureau 新闻处press campaign 新闻宣传运动press card 记者证press clipping 简报press conference 新闻发布会press corps 记者团press digest 报刊文摘press kit 记者参考资料press law 新闻法press lord 报业大王press notice 报刊短评press partisanship 报界宗派press proof 清样press reader 清样校对员press release 新闻公告press run 报刊印数press secretary 新闻秘书press trust 报业托拉斯PR man 公关先生producer 制作人profile 人物专访；人物特写prominence 显著性proof reader 校对员provocative 报刊小品pseudonym 笔名pseudo event 假新闻public access 公共频道播送publicist 时事评论员publicity agent 广告员public libel 公开性文字诽谤public opinion poll 民意测验puff 吹捧性文章puffer 吹捧性文章作者Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖pulp 低级黄色报刊quality paper 高级报纸；严肃报纸quarterly 季刊quarto 四开报纸question lead 提问性导语quiz master 智力测验节目主持人quotation lead 引语性导语rack focus 调焦radio photo 传真照片rag 无聊小报rating 收听率；收视率readability 可读性reading matter 文字部分reading notice 文字广告reading public 读者大众recap 新闻提要release copy 预发新闻稿release date 发稿时间remote 实况转播remuneration 稿费；稿酬reportorial hat 采写任务reprint 转载reproduction proof 清样request 点播review 评论revise 改样round-up 综合消息roving correspondent 流动记者roving editor 流动编辑royalty 版税run-in 插版，插补running commentary 时事评论running story 连载故事run of schedule 按时播出run-over 转页刊登部分，超时播出部分scare head 特大新闻标题schools television 少儿电视节目scoop 抢手新闻，独家新闻secondary sources 间接消息来源second-cycle stories 连续追踪报道security blanket 新闻检查senior editor 高级编辑sensationalism 轰动效应sensational 轰动性的serial 连续剧sex scandal 桃色新闻；性丑闻shield law 新闻保障法shirttail 社论栏目shopper 商品信息报shorthand 速记showman 节目主持人sidebar 花絮新闻sidelight 杂闻，趣闻signoff 停止播送sign on 开始播送silly season （8/9）无聊季节simultaneous broadcast 联播时间single-copy sale （报刊）零售situationer 局势报道slanguage 大量使用俚语的文章slant 主观报道；片面报道sling ink 爬格子slogan 广告口号slotman 负责文字工作的副编辑slug 稿件内容提示词smash cut 跳切镜头snap shot 快照sob sister 写伤感报道的记者sob story 伤感报道society column 社交新闻栏目soft news 软新闻solicit 约稿special correspondent 特派记者spike 退稿splash 引人注目的报道split page 报纸内页头版sportscast 体育节目sports editor 体育新闻编辑sportswriter 体育记者spot 广告插播spot announcement 插播简讯spot news 现场报道spread 整版squib 小品文stble push 内部消息staff reporter 本报/本台正式撰稿人standby 备用节目standfirst 特写提示stand-upper 现场直播电视新闻stenograph 速记stereotyping 铅版印刷stone 拼版story 消息；稿件；文章straight news 纯消息报道stringer 特约记者；通讯员strip cartoon 连环漫画studio 演播室subeditor 助理编辑subhead 小标题；副标题subliterature 通俗文学subscription 征订subtitle 副标题Sunday features 周日特刊supplement 号外；副刊；增刊tabloid 通俗小报take the air 开始广播talkathon 马拉松式谈话节目talker 简短广告说明talk-in 来电直播节目talking head 特写镜头talk master 谈话节目主持人taste 新闻写作风格teaser 肩题，引题televised speech 电视讲话telly man 电视工作者think piece 时事短评thinker 时事评论thirst for news 新闻欲thumbnail 豆腐块文章tickler 记事本timeliness 时效性time slot 广播间隙time spot 广告时间tip 内幕新闻titbit 花絮，趣闻top line 大字标题top news 头条新闻，要闻track 移动摄像track-in 前移镜头，推进镜头tracking shot 移动镜头，跟踪镜头travelogue 游记trim 删改typeset 排字typesetter 排字工typo 排印错误ultra fax 电视电报；电视高速传真uncrowned king 无冕之王unidentified source 隐名消息来源unimpeachable source 消息可靠人士update 更新verbatim 一字不差的报道verite 实录技术vertical makeup 垂直式板式video art 电视艺术video commentator 电视新闻评论员videoconference 电视会议video land 电视业video nasty 恐怖电视片video piracy 电视片盗录video porn 色情电视片video verite 电视纪实拍摄videophone 电视电话vignette 花边文字visualizer 广告设计员voice-over 旁白vox pop 民众舆论want ad 征求广告war correspondent 随军记者wartime actuality shots 战时现场镜头watchdog 舆论监督weathercast 气象报道weatherman 气象报道员well-informed source/circle 消息灵通人士wide shot 广角镜头wire service 通讯社wooden head 沉闷的新闻标题word-of-mouth publicity 口头宣传working press 新闻界wrap-up 新闻综述yearly 年刊；年鉴yellow journalism 黄色新闻业zoom 调焦电视画面。
accredited journalist n.特派记者advertisement n.广告advance n.预发消息；预写消息affair n.桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n.趣闻轶事assignment n.采写任务attribution n.消息出处；消息来源back alley news n.小道消息backgrounding n.新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里banner n.通栏标题beat n.采写范围blank vt.“开天窗”body n.新闻正文boil vt.压缩（篇幅）box n.花边新闻brief n.简讯bulletin n.新闻简报byline n.署名文章caption n.图片说明caricature n.漫画carry vt.刊登cartoon n.漫画censor vt.审查（新闻稿件），新闻审查chart n.（每周流行音乐等）排行榜clipping n.剪报column n.专栏，栏目columnist n.专栏作家continued story连载故事，连载小说contributing editor特约编辑contribution n.（投给报刊的）稿件，投稿contributor n.投稿人copy desk n.新闻编辑部copy editor n.文字编辑correction n.更正（启事）correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者，常驻外埠记者cover vt.采访，采写cover girl n.封面女郎covert coverage隐性采访，秘密采访crop vt.剪辑（图片）crusade n.宣传攻势cut n.插图vt.删减（字数）cut line n.插图说明daily n.日报dateline n.新闻电头deadline n.截稿时间dig vt.深入采访，追踪（新闻线索），“挖”（新闻）digest n.文摘editorial n.社论editorial office编辑部editor's notes编者按exclusive n.独家新闻expose n.揭丑新闻，新闻曝光extra n.号外eye-account n.目击记，记者见闻faxed photo传真照片feature n.特写，专稿feedback n.信息反馈file n.发送消息，发稿filler n.补白First Amendment（美国宪法）第一修正案（内容有关新闻、出版自由等）five "W's" of news新闻五要素flag n.报头，报名folo (=follow-up)n.连续报道Fourth Estate第四等级（新闻界的别称）freedom of the Press新闻自由free-lancer n.自由撰稿人full position醒目位置Good news comes on crutches.好事不出门。
英语新闻词汇大全accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告．advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n．新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
banner n．通栏标题beat n．采写范围blank vt. "开天窗"body n. 新闻正文boil vt．压缩(篇幅)box n. 花边新闻brief n. 简讯bulletin n．新闻简报byline n. 署名文章caption n．图片说明caricature n．漫画carry vt．刊登cartoon n．漫画censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查chart n．每周流行音乐排行版clipping n．剪报column n．专栏；栏目columnist n．专栏作家continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑contribution n．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n．投稿人copy desk n．新闻编辑部copy editor n．文字编辑correction n．更正(启事)correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者；常驻外埠记者cover vt．采访;采写cover girl n. 封面女郎covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访crop vt．剪辑(图片)crusade n．宣传攻势cut n．插图vt．删减(字数)cut line n．插图说明daily n．日报dateline n．新闻电头deadline n．截稿时间dig vt．深入采访；追踪(新闻线索)；“挖”(新闻)digest n．文摘editorial n．社论editorial office 编辑部daily 日报morning edition 晨报evening edition 晚报quality paper 高级报纸popular paper 大众报纸evening paper 晚报government organ 官报party organ 党报trade paper 商界报纸Chinese paper 中文报纸English newspaper 英文报纸vernacular paper 本国文报纸Japanese paper 日文报纸political news 政治报纸Newspaper Week 新闻周刊the front page 头版，第一版bulldog edition 晨版article 记事headline 标题banner headline 头号大标题byline 标题下署名之行dateline 日期、发稿地之行big news 头条新闻hot news 最新新闻exclusive news 独家新闻scoop 特讯feature 特写，花絮criticism 评论editorial 社论review,comment 时评book review 书评topicality 时事问题city news 社会新闻column 栏letters 读者投书栏general news column 一般消息栏cartoon,comics 漫画cut 插图weather forecast 天气预报serial story 新闻小说obituary notice 讣闻public notice 公告advertisement 广告calssified ad 分类广告flash-news 大新闻extra 号外the sports page 运动栏literary criticism 文艺评论Sunday features 周日特刊newsbeat 记者采访地区news blackout 新闻管制press ban 禁止刊行yellow sheet 低俗新闻tabloid 图片版新闻"Braille" edition 点字版newspaper office 报社publisher 发行人proprieter 社长bureau chief, copy chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总主笔editor 编辑, 主笔newsman, newspaperman, journalist 新闻记者cub reporter 初任记者reporter 采访记者war correspondent, campaign badge 随军记者columnist 专栏记者star reporter 一流通讯员correspondent 通讯员special correspondent 特派员contributor 投稿家news source 新闻来源informed sources 消息来源newspaper campaign 新闻战free-lancer writer 自由招待会press box 记者席news conference, press conference 记者招待会International Press Association 国际新闻协会distribution 发行circulation 发行份数newsstand, kiosk 报摊newspaper agency 报纸代售处newsboy 报童subscription (rate) 报费newsprint 新闻用纸Fleet Street 舰队街acredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisment n．广告．advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair(e) n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n．新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
accredited journalist 特派记者accurate journalism 精确新闻学actuality 现场报道ad 广告adlib 即兴报道adman 广告商agony column 启事广告栏air 广播airdate 广播时间airing 正在播送airplay 电台唱片播送airspace 广告时间affair 绯闻anaglyph 彩色立体画anchor 新闻节目主持人anchor booth 播音室anecdotal lead 轶事性导语annals 编年史announcement 启事，简讯announcer 播音员announcer studio 播音室anonymous source 匿名消息来源ANSE 美国报纸主编协会apocryphal story 假新闻appropriateness 适宜性art 插图（总称）assistant editor 助理编辑associate editor 副编辑assignment 采写任务attribution 消息来源audience 受众audience survey 受众调查authoritative source 权威消息人士back alley news 小道消息back cover 杂志封底backgrounder 背景介绍back number/issue 过期报刊backup 后备记者bank/basement 副标题banner 通栏标题blanker head 通栏标题beat 采写范围beat reporter 分类专访记者big media 大媒介billboard 节目前插播bimonthly 双月刊bite 讲话录音biweekly 双周刊blackout 镜头隐去blacksmith 平庸记者blank 开天窗bleed 出血版（印至边沿）blowup 放大照片blue-pencil 改稿blurb 吹嘘性短文或广告board of editors 编委会body 正文boil 压缩篇幅boilerplate 补白新闻（硬凑内容）boldface 黑粗体字book page/review 书评bottom line 报刊印数bottom strip 沉底通栏box 花边新闻briefing 新闻发布会，吹风会bright 短趣文broadsheet 大开版报纸budget 当日要闻bureau 新闻办事处bulletin 新闻简报byline 署名文章call-in 受众来电节目camera crew 摄制组cameraman 摄影师candid 快照canned copy 同时被多家报纸发表的稿件canon of journalism 记者信条caps 大写字母caption 图片说明caricature/cartoon 漫画carry 刊登catch line 醒目标题catch penny 耸动性文章censor 审查centred head 中心式标题chart 每周流行音乐榜chat/talk show 脱口秀checklist 采访提纲chief editor 总编chitchat column 闲话栏circulation 发行量city article 金融商业新闻city page 金融和商业新闻版city desk/room 本地新闻部city edition 本地版classified ads 分类广告clean copy 誊清稿clean proof 清样clean start 开始播出closed circuit TV 闭路电视close-up 特写镜头code of ethics 新闻记者道德标准cold media 冷媒介cold news 旧闻cold type 照相制版collage 版面拼贴艺术colored news 主观报道color man 现场解说员column 栏目，专栏columnist 专栏作家combined lead 复合式导语comic strip 连环画comma chaser 文字编辑commentary 实况评论commentator 时事评论员commercial 商业广告commercial Broadcasting 商业广播communication channel 传播渠道communication media 传播媒介communication model 传播模式communication network 传播网络communique 新闻公报compose 排版continued story 连载故事continuity 串联词contributing editor 特约编辑contribution 投稿contributor 投稿人copy 文字说明copy desk 新闻编辑部copyedit 编辑稿件copyeditor 文字编辑copy fit 组排稿件copy flow 稿件处理过程copy taster 选稿人copy writer 撰稿人correction 更正启事correspondence 通讯员来稿correspondence column 读者来信专栏correspondent 驻外记者counter programming 竞争性节目编排cover 采写，报道coverage 新闻报道量cover girl 封面女郎cover story 封面报道covert coverage 隐性采访crawl 爬行字母credit line 署名行credits 片头片尾制作人员名单credo 记者信条critic 评论员critique 评论crop 剪辑图片crosshead 小标题crusade 宣传攻势cub 见习记者cushion 备用稿件cut 插图；删减cut line 插图说明daily 日报dateline 新闻电头dead-air 停播时间deck 副标题delayed lead 延缓式导语desk 报社编辑部dig 深入采访；追踪digest 文摘disk jockey 流行音乐节目主持人dispatches 电讯稿display ads 特排广告distortion 新闻失实documentary 纪实节目dope story 内幕新闻drop head 阶梯式标题drum beater 鼓吹者dub 为……配音ear 刊登小消息的报头左右上角editing cubicle 剪辑室editor-in-chief 总编辑editor notes 编者按editorial office 编辑部editorial 社论editorial page 社论版editorial policy 编辑方针editorial staff 全体编辑人员editorial work 编务electronic media 电子媒介electronic newspaper 电子报刊employment advertising 招聘广告enterprise copy 追踪报道evening paper 晚报exclusive 独家新闻exclusive interview 独家采访exclusive report 独家报道executive editor 执行编辑expose 新闻曝光extra 号外eye-account 记者见闻factual report 真实报道fairness doctrine 公开性原则fake report 失实报道faxed photo 传真照片feature 特写feature program 专题节目feedback 信息反馈field pickup 实况转播file 发稿filler 补白fill-up 小型插播节目final draft 定稿fireside speech/talk 广播电视演说/讲话five Ws of news 新闻五要素fixed position 固定时间播出的节目Fleet Street 舰队街（英国新闻界）fluff 口误folio 对开版报纸flag 报头；报名fold 折叠式印刷品folo 连续报道fortnightly 双周刊framework 新闻结构Fourth Estate 第四等级freedom of the press 新闻自由free-lance journalism 自由撰稿新闻业free-lancer 自由撰稿人free sheet 免费赠阅的报刊fringe time 非黄金时间front-page 头版fudge 最后新闻full position 报刊的醒目位置gag rule 言论限制gang interview 记者招待会ghost word 错别字glossy magazine 通俗杂志gossip colum 闲话栏gossip writer 社会新闻作家grapevine 小道消息gutter 中缝ham radio 业余无线电台hard news 硬新闻headline 新闻标题hearsay 小道消息HFR(hold for release)留存稿highlights 要闻hot news 热点新闻home news 国内新闻hookup 节目联播human interest 人情味illustration 插图index 今日要闻in-depth reporting 深度报道information source 消息来源instant replay 即时回放internal publication 内部刊物international news 国际要闻insert 插稿interpretative reporting 解释性报道invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私inverted pyramid 倒金字塔investigative reporting 调查性报道issue 期、号itinerating coverage 巡回采访journalese 新闻文体journalism 新闻业；新闻学journalist coinages 新闻造词journalist rules 新闻法规keyhole report 内幕新闻kill 退稿last-minute news 最后消息lay reader 一般读者layout 版面编排lead 导语leader 重要文章lead-in 导语；引言leading artic le 社论lead story 头条新闻legman 现场特派记者letter to the editor 读者来信libel 诽谤libelous report 诽谤性报道light literature 通俗文艺栏目literary criticism 文艺评论live 现场直播的local 本地新闻log 删减magazine show 专题节目mailer 邮递广告main fact lead 主要事实导语makeup 版面设计managing editor 新闻编辑man of the year 年度风云人物mass communication 大众传播mass media 大众传播媒介master head 报头栏matches, hatches, and dispatches 婚丧喜庆蓝media effect 媒介效果media image 媒介形象media independence 媒介独立mini-story 微型消息mini-torial 短评misreport 失实报道mobile television unit 电视转播车moderator 节目主持人monitor 监控montage 镜头合成mood 新闻基调morgue 报刊资料室morning paper 晨报mouthpiece 代言人muckraker 揭丑记者multi-deck headline 多层标题network time 联播时间news analyst 新闻评论员news beat 采访范围news blackout 新闻封锁news bulletin 新闻简报newscast 新闻广播news clue 新闻线索news commentary 新闻评论news conference 记者招待会news consumer 读者news coverage 新闻报道news dealer 报刊经销人news dispatches 电讯稿news film 新闻片news flash 快讯news gathering 新闻采访news huddle 新闻编辑会议news in brief 简明新闻newspaper group 报团news peg 新闻电头newsprint 新闻纸newsreel 新闻片news release 新闻稿newsroom 新闻编辑室news screening 新闻过滤news selection 新闻选择news service/agency 通讯社news sheet 报纸news source 新闻来源news stall 报摊news value 新闻价值news vendor 报贩news worthiness 新闻价值newsbreak 重要新闻报道night desk 夜班编辑部门night desk editor 夜班编辑nightside 晨报人员noise 电视电台杂音no-news lead 标签式导语non-news 非新闻稿note 随笔not for attribution 不宜公开的消息来源obituary 讣告off the air 停止广播off the record 不宜公开的报道official newspaper 机关报OIRT 国际广播电视组织one-shot 单行本one-screen report 现场报道on the air 正在广播中on-the-spot story 现场采访新闻op-ed page 社论对页评论版openness 透明度opinion leader 舆论领袖opinion poll 民意测验outside broadcast 实况转播overrun 超印overset 超排新闻稿overwrite 过度报道page makeup 版面设计page reform 改版page space 版面篇幅pagination 标注版面页码pan 遥摄镜头parajournalism 非常规新闻写作participation observation 体验生活paste-up 拼版patent insides 新闻内页patent outsides 新闻外页partisan press 政党报刊pay-TV 收费电视pegging 新闻背景penny press 大众报personal column 私人广告栏photojournalism 摄影新闻pickup 旧闻重叙pictorial 画刊picture director 图画编辑pilot 试播节目pipeline 匿名消息来源playback 回放plagiarism 剽窃，抄袭play list 节目播放单police beat 警事专访记者polish 改稿，润色pony edition 向海外发行的小型张pool 限额记者团popularization 通俗读物popular paper 大众报纸press association 报业协会press baron 报业大王pree book 剪报本press box 记者席press briefing 新闻发布会press bureau 新闻处press campaign 新闻宣传运动press card 记者证press clipping 简报press conference 新闻发布会press corps 记者团press digest 报刊文摘press kit 记者参考资料press law 新闻法press lord 报业大王press notice 报刊短评press partisanship 报界宗派press proof 清样press reader 清样校对员press release 新闻公告press run 报刊印数press secretary 新闻秘书press trust 报业托拉斯PR man 公关先生producer 制作人profile 人物专访；人物特写prominence 显著性proof reader 校对员provocative 报刊小品pseudonym 笔名pseudo event 假新闻public access 公共频道播送publicist 时事评论员publicity agent 广告员public libel 公开性文字诽谤public opinion poll 民意测验puff 吹捧性文章puffer 吹捧性文章作者Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖pulp 低级黄色报刊quality paper 高级报纸；严肃报纸quarterly 季刊quarto 四开报纸question lead 提问性导语quiz master 智力测验节目主持人quotation lead 引语性导语rack focus 调焦radio photo 传真照片rag 无聊小报rating 收听率；收视率readability 可读性reading matter 文字部分reading notice 文字广告reading public 读者大众recap 新闻提要release copy 预发新闻稿release date 发稿时间remote 实况转播remuneration 稿费；稿酬reportorial hat 采写任务reprint 转载reproduction proof 清样request 点播review 评论revise 改样round-up 综合消息roving correspondent 流动记者roving editor 流动编辑royalty 版税run-in 插版，插补running commentary 时事评论running story 连载故事run of schedule 按时播出run-over 转页刊登部分，超时播出部分scare head 特大新闻标题schools television 少儿电视节目scoop 抢手新闻，独家新闻secondary sources 间接消息来源second-cycle stories 连续追踪报道security blanket 新闻检查senior editor 高级编辑sensationalism 轰动效应sensational 轰动性的serial 连续剧sex scandal 桃色新闻；性丑闻shield law 新闻保障法shirttail 社论栏目shopper 商品信息报shorthand 速记showman 节目主持人sidebar 花絮新闻sidelight 杂闻，趣闻signoff 停止播送sign on 开始播送silly season （8/9）无聊季节simultaneous broadcast 联播时间single-copy sale （报刊）零售situationer 局势报道slanguage 大量使用俚语的文章slant 主观报道；片面报道sling ink 爬格子slogan 广告口号slotman 负责文字工作的副编辑slug 稿件内容提示词smash cut 跳切镜头snap shot 快照sob sister 写伤感报道的记者sob story 伤感报道society column 社交新闻栏目soft news 软新闻solicit 约稿special correspondent 特派记者spike 退稿splash 引人注目的报道split page 报纸内页头版sportscast 体育节目sports editor 体育新闻编辑sportswriter 体育记者spot 广告插播spot announcement 插播简讯spot news 现场报道spread 整版squib 小品文stble push 内部消息staff reporter 本报/本台正式撰稿人standby 备用节目standfirst 特写提示stand-upper 现场直播电视新闻stenograph 速记stereotyping 铅版印刷stone 拼版story 消息；稿件；文章straight news 纯消息报道stringer 特约记者；通讯员strip cartoon 连环漫画studio 演播室subeditor 助理编辑subhead 小标题；副标题subliterature 通俗文学subscription 征订subtitle 副标题Sunday features 周日特刊supplement 号外；副刊；增刊tabloid 通俗小报take the air 开始广播talkathon 马拉松式谈话节目talker 简短广告说明talk-in 来电直播节目talking head 特写镜头talk master 谈话节目主持人taste 新闻写作风格teaser 肩题，引题televised speech 电视讲话telly man 电视工作者think piece 时事短评thinker 时事评论thirst for news 新闻欲thumbnail 豆腐块文章tickler 记事本timeliness 时效性time slot 广播间隙time spot 广告时间tip 内幕新闻titbit 花絮，趣闻top line 大字标题top news 头条新闻，要闻track 移动摄像track-in 前移镜头，推进镜头tracking shot 移动镜头，跟踪镜头travelogue 游记trim 删改typeset 排字typesetter 排字工typo 排印错误ultra fax 电视电报；电视高速传真uncrowned king 无冕之王unidentified source 隐名消息来源unimpeachable source 消息可靠人士update 更新verbatim 一字不差的报道verite 实录技术vertical makeup 垂直式板式video art 电视艺术video commentator 电视新闻评论员videoconference 电视会议video land 电视业video nasty 恐怖电视片video piracy 电视片盗录video porn 色情电视片video verite 电视纪实拍摄videophone 电视电话vignette 花边文字visualizer 广告设计员voice-over 旁白vox pop 民众舆论want ad 征求广告war correspondent 随军记者wartime actuality shots 战时现场镜头watchdog 舆论监督weathercast 气象报道weatherman 气象报道员well-informed source/circle 消息灵通人士wide shot 广角镜头wire service 通讯社wooden head 沉闷的新闻标题word-of-mouth publicity 口头宣传working press 新闻界wrap-up 新闻综述yearly 年刊；年鉴yellow journalism 黄色新闻业zoom 调焦电视画面。
传播学英文用语传播Communication内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播Interpersonal Communication群体传播Group Communication组织传播Organization Communication大众传播Mass Communication单向传播One-Sided Communication双向传播Two-Sided Communication互动传播Interactive Communication媒介Media大众传播媒介Mass Media新媒介New Media新闻洞News Hold新闻价值News Value传播者Communicator主动传播者Active Communicator受传者/受众/阅听大众Audience受众兴趣Audience Interest受众行为Audience Activity信息Information信号Signal讯息Message信息熵Entropy冗余/冗余信息Redundancy传播单位Communication Unit奥斯古德模式Osgood Model编码Encoding解码Decoding信源Source传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道Communication Channel有效传播Effective Communication传播效果Effects知识沟Knowledge-Gap使用与满足模式Uses and Gratifications Model使用与依从模式Uses and Dependencys Model口传系统System of Oral Communication地球村Global Village内爆Implosion全球化Globalization本土化Localization电子空间Cyber Space数字化Digitalization文化帝国主义Culture Imperialism守门人Gatekeeper新闻采集者News Gatherers新闻加工者News Processors模式Model有线效果模式Limited Effects Model适度效果模式Moderate Effects Model强大效果模式Powerful Effects Model子弹论Bullet Theory两级传播模式Two-Step Flow Model多级传播模式Multi-Step Flow Model沉默的螺旋模式Spiral of Silence Model劝服传播Persuasive Communication议程设置模式the Agenda-Setting Model时滞Time Lag最合适效果跨度Optimal Effects Pan时间跨度Time Span公众舆论Public Opinion选择性接触Selective Exposure选择性注意Selective Attention选择性理解Selective Perception选择性记忆Selective Retention可信性提示Credibility Heuristic喜爱提示Liking Heuristic共识提示Consensus Heuristic市场驱动新闻学the Market-Driven Journalism 意识形态Ideology霸权Hegemony权力话语Power Discourse视觉文本Visual Text文本Text超级文本Hypertext结构主义Constructionism解构主义Deconstructionism文化工业Culture Industry大众文化Mass Culture文化研究Cultural Studies批判学派/批判理论Critical Theory法兰克福学派Frankfurt School女权主义/女性主义Feminism符号学Semiotics/Semiology符号Sign能指与所指Signified/Signifier非语言符号Nonverbal Sign意指Signification话语理论Theories of Discourse文化期待Culture Expectations文化批判Culture Criticizing范式Paradigm叙事范式Narrative Paradigm强语境High Context弱语境Low Context功能理论Functionalism话语分析Discourse Analysis传播的商品形式the Commodity Forms of Communication 受众商品Audience Commodity商品化Commodification空间化Spatialization结构化Structuration媒介集中化Media Conglomeration传媒产业Media Industry注意力经济Attention Economy媒介竞争Media Competition受众分割Audience Segmentation媒介资本Media Capital传播政治经济学Political Economy of Communication传播研究Communication Research抽样Sampling调查研究方法Survey Research内容分析法Content Analysis实验分析法Experimental Research定性研究法Qualitative Research Methods个案研究法Case Study效度与信度Validity/Reliability变量Variables实地观察法Field Observation虚拟社群Virtual Community扩散研究Diffusion Research媒介事件Media Events民族志Ethnography传播生态Ecology of Communication真实/虚构Reality/Fiction拟态环境Pseudo-Environment刻板成见Stereotyping晕轮效应Halo Effects二元价值评判Two-Valued Evaluation公共关系Public Relation阐释理论Interpretive Theory第二部分：新闻采编相关词汇daily 日报morning edition 晨报evening edition 晚报quality paper 高级报纸popular paper 大众报纸evening paper 晚报government organ 官报part organ 党报trade paper 商界报纸vernacular paper 本国文报纸political news 政治报纸Newspaper Week 新闻周刊the front page 头版,第一版bulldog edition 晨版article 记事headline 标题banner headline 头号大标题byline 标题下署名之行dateline 日期、发稿地之行big news 头条新闻hot news 最新新闻exclusive news 独家新闻scoop 特讯feature 特写,花絮criticism 评论editorial 社论review, comment 时评book review 书评topicality 时事问题city news 社会新闻column 栏letters 读者投书栏general news column 一般消息栏cartoon, comics 漫画weather forecast 天气预报serial story 新闻小说obituary notice 讣闻public notice 公告advertisement 广告calssified ad 分类广告flash-news 大新闻extra 号外the sports page 运动栏literary criticism 文艺评论Sunday features 周日特刊newsbeat 记者采访地区news blackout 新闻管制press ban 禁止刊行yellow sheet 低俗新闻tabloid 图片版新闻"Braille" edition 点字版newspaper office 报社publisher 发行人proprieter 社长bureau chief, copy chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总主笔editor 编辑, 主笔newsman, newspaperman, journalist 新闻记者cub reporter 初任记者reporter 采访记者war correspondent, campaign badge 随军记者columnist 专栏记者star reporter 一流通讯员correspondent 通讯员special correspondent 特派员contributor 投稿家news source 新闻来源informed sources 消息来源newspaper campaign 新闻战free-lancer writer 自由招待会press box 记者席news conference, press conference 记者招待会International Press Association 国际新闻协会distribution 发行circulation 发行份数newsstand, kiosk 报摊newspaper agency 报纸代售处newsboy 报童subscription (rate) 报费newsprint 新闻用纸Fleet Street 舰队街accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news 小道消息backgrounding 新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
传播Communication内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication人际传播Interpersonal Communication群体传播Group Communication 组织传播Organization Communication大众传播Mass Communication单向传播One-Sided Communication双向传播Two-Sided Communication互动传播Interactive Communication媒介Media大众传播媒介Mass Media新媒介New Media新闻洞News Hold新闻价值News Value传播者Communicator主动传播者Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众Audience 受众兴趣Audience Interest受众行为Audience Activity信息Information信号Signal讯息Message信息熵Entropy冗余/冗余信息Redundancy传播单位Communication Unit奥斯古德模式Osgood Model编码Encoding解码Decoding信源Source传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication传播渠道Communication Channel 有效传播Effective Communication 传播效果Effects知识沟Knowledge-Gap使用与满足模式Uses and Gratifications Model使用与依从模式Uses andDependencys Model口传系统System of OralCommunication地球村Global Village内爆Implosion全球化Globalization本土化Localization电子空间Cyber Space数字化Digitalization文化帝国主义Culture Imperialism跨文化传播InterculturalCommunication守门人Gatekeeper新闻采集者News Gatherers新闻加工者News Processors模式Model有线效果模式Limited EffectsModel适度效果模式Moderate EffectsModel强大效果模式Powerful EffectsModel子弹论Bullet Theory两级传播模式Two-Step FlowModel多级传播模式Multi-Step FlowModel沉默的螺旋模式Spiral of SilenceModel劝服传播PersuasiveCommunication议程设置模式the Agenda-SettingModel时滞Time Lag最合适效果跨度Optimal EffectsPan时间跨度Time Span公众舆论Public Opinion选择性接触Selective Exposure选择性注意Selective Attention选择性理解Selective Perception选择性记忆Selective Retention可信性提示Credibility Heuristic喜爱提示Liking Heuristic共识提示Consensus Heuristic市场驱动新闻学theMarket-Driven Journalism意识形态Ideology霸权Hegemony权力话语Power Discourse视觉文本Visual Text文本Text超级文本Hypertext结构主义Constructionism解构主义Deconstructionism文化工业Culture Industry大众文化Mass Culture文化研究Cultural Studies批判学派/批判理论Critical Theory法兰克福学派Frankfurt School女权主义/女性主义Feminism符号学Semiotics/Semiology符号Sign能指与所指Signified/Signifier非语言符号Nonverbal Sign非语言传播NonverbalCommunication意指Signification话语理论Theories of Discourse文化期待Culture Expectations文化批判Culture Criticizing范式Paradigm叙事范式Narrative Paradigm强语境High Context弱语境Low Context功能理论Functionalism话语分析Discourse Analysis传播的商品形式the CommodityForms of Communication受众商品Audience Commodity商品化Commodification空间化Spatialization结构化Structuration媒介集中化Media Conglomeration 传媒产业Media Industry注意力经济Attention Economy媒介竞争Media Competition受众分割Audience Segmentation 媒介资本Media Capital传播政治经济学Political Economy of Communication传播研究Communication Research 抽样Sampling调查研究方法Survey Research内容分析法Content Analysis实验分析法Experimental Research 定性研究法Qualitative Research Methods个案研究法Case Study效度与信度Validity/Reliability变量Variables实地观察法Field Observation虚拟社群Virtual Community扩散研究Diffusion Research媒介事件Media Events民族志Ethnography传播生态Ecology of Communication真实/虚构Reality/Fiction拟态环境Pseudo-Environment刻板成见Stereotyping晕轮效应Halo Effects二元价值评判Two-Valued Evaluation公共关系Public Relation阐释理论Interpretive Theory第二部分：新闻采编相关词汇daily 日报morning edition 晨报evening edition 晚报quality paper 高级报纸popular paper 大众报纸evening paper 晚报government organ 官报part organ 党报trade paper 商界报纸vernacular paper 本国文报纸political news 政治报纸Newspaper Week 新闻周刊the front page 头版,第一版bulldog edition 晨版article 记事headline 标题banner headline 头号大标题byline 标题下署名之行dateline 日期、发稿地之行big news 头条新闻hot news 最新新闻exclusive news 独家新闻scoop 特讯feature 特写,花絮criticism 评论editorial 社论review, comment 时评book review 书评topicality 时事问题city news 社会新闻column 栏letters 读者投书栏general news column 一般消息栏cartoon, comics 漫画weather forecast 天气预报serial story 新闻小说obituary notice 讣闻public notice 公告advertisement 广告calssified ad 分类广告flash-news 大新闻extra 号外the sports page 运动栏literary criticism 文艺评论Sunday features 周日特刊newsbeat 记者采访地区news blackout 新闻管制press ban 禁止刊行yellow sheet 低俗新闻tabloid 图片版新闻"Braille" edition 点字版newspaper office 报社publisher 发行人proprieter 社长bureau chief, copy chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总主笔editor 编辑, 主笔newsman, newspaperman, journalist新闻记者cub reporter 初任记者reporter 采访记者war correspondent, campaign badge随军记者columnist 专栏记者star reporter 一流通讯员correspondent 通讯员special correspondent 特派员contributor 投稿家news source 新闻来源informed sources 消息来源newspaper campaign 新闻战free-lancer writer 自由招待会press box 记者席news conference, press conference记者招待会International Press Association 国际新闻协会distribution 发行circulation 发行份数newsstand, kiosk 报摊newspaper agency 报纸代售处newsboy 报童subscription (rate) 报费newsprint 新闻用纸Fleet Street 舰队街accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news 小道消息backgrounding 新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
新闻专业考研英语词汇传播学考研英文常见词汇传播Communication 内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播 Interpersonal Communication 群体传播Group Communication组织传播Organization Communication 大众传播Mass Communication单向传播One-Sided Communication 双向传播Two-Sided Communication互动传播 Interactive Communication 媒介 Media大众传播媒介 Mass Media 新媒介 New Media新闻洞 News Hold 新闻价值 News Value传播者 Communicator 主动传播者 Active Communicator受传者/受众/阅听大众 Audience 受众兴趣 Audience Interest受众行为 Audience Activity 信息 Information信号 Signal 讯息 Message信息熵 Entropy 冗余/冗余信息 Redundancy传播单位 Communication Unit 奥斯古德模式 Osgood Model 编码 Encode 解码 Decode信源Source 传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道Communication Channel 有效传播Effective Communication传播效果communication Effects 知识沟 Knowledge-Gap使用与满足模式 Uses and Gratifications Model使用与依从模式Uses and Dependencys Model 口传系统System of Oral Communication 地球村 Global Village内爆 Implosion 全球化 Globalization本土化 Localization 电子空间 Cyber Space数字化 Digitalization 文化帝国主义 Culture Imperialism跨文化传播 Intercultural Communication 守门人 Gatekeeper 新闻采集者 News Gatherers 新闻加工者 News Processors模式 Model 有线效果模式 Limited Effects Model适度效果模式 Moderate Effects Model 强大效果模式 Powerful Effects Model子弹论 Bullet Theory 两级传播模式 Two-Step Flow Model多级传播模式 Multi-Step Flow Model 沉默的螺旋模式 Spiral of Silence Model劝服传播Persuasive Communication 议程设置模式the Agenda-Setting Model时滞 Time Lag 最合适效果跨度 Optimal Effects Pan时间跨度 Time Span 公众舆论 Public Opinion选择性接触 Selective Exposure 选择性注意 Selective Attention 选择性理解Selective Perception 选择性记忆Selective Retention可信性提示 Credibility Heuristic 喜爱提示 Liking Heuristic共识提示Consensus Heuristic 市场驱动新闻学the Market-Driven Journalism 意识形态 Ideology 霸权 Hegemony 权力话语 Power Discourse 视觉文本 Visual Text文本 Text 超级文本 Hypertext结构主义 Constructionism 解构主义 Deconstructionism文化工业 Culture Industry 大众文化 Mass Culture文化研究 Cultural Studies 批判学派/批判理论 Critical Theory 法兰克福学派 Frankfurt School 女权主义/女性主义 Feminism 符号学 Semiotics/Semiology 符号 Sign能指与所指 Signified/Signifier 非语言符号 Nonverbal Sign非语言传播 Nonverbal Communication 意指 Signification话语理论 Theories of Discourse 文化期待 Culture Expectations 文化批判 Culture Criticizing 范式 Paradigm叙事范式 Narrative Paradigm 强语境 High Context弱语境 Low Context 功能理论 Functionalism话语分析 Discourse Analysis 传播的商品形式 the Commodity Forms of Communication 受众商品 Audience Commodity 商品化Commodification空间化 Spatialization 结构化 Structuration媒介集中化 Media Conglomeration 传媒产业 Media Industry 注意力经济 Attention Economy 媒介竞争 Media Competition 受众分割 Audience Segmentation 媒介资本 Media Capital传播政治经济学 Political Economy of Communication传播研究 Communication Research 抽样 Sampling调查研究方法 Survey Research 内容分析法 Content Analysis 实验分析法Experimental Research 定性研究法Qualitative Research Methods个案研究法 Case Study 效度与信度 Validity/Reliability变量 V ariables 实地观察法 Field Observation虚拟社群 Virtual Community 扩散研究 Diffusion Research媒介事件 Media Events 民族志 Ethnography传播生态 Ecology of Communication 真实/虚构 Reality/Fiction 拟态环境 Pseudo-Environment 刻板成见 Stereotyping晕轮效应 Halo Effects 二元价值评判 Two-Valued Evaluation公共关系 Public Relation 阐释理论 Interpretive Theory大众传媒 mass media 传播者 communicator传播 communication 传播模式 models of communication受众 audience 受众逆反心理audience’s reversal psychology 意见领袖 leader of opinion 社会守望 social observation 魔弹论 bullet theory 报刊的四种理论 theory of four presses社会责任理论social resposibility theory 大众传播mass communication传播学 theory of communication 讯息 message拉斯韦尔模式 Lasswell model 劝服 persuation把关人 gatekeeper 人际传播 interpersonal communication组织传播organizational communication 小群体传播small group communication从众 conformity 传播的功能 functions of communication卫星传播satellite propagation 世界电视网global television network广播电视学study of broadcasting and television 绝对收视率absolute rate of reception相对收视率 relative rate of reception 有线电视 cable television 传播心理学 propaganda psychologyIII. 批判学派10.非语言符号／非语言传播nonverbal sign/ nonverbal communication11.所指与能指signified/ signifier12.意指 siginification13.隐喻与换喻／转喻 metaphor14.元语言metalanguage15.话语 discourse 批评理论critical theory16.话语理论discourse theory17.文化期待 culture expectations18.范式 paradigm19.叙事范式narrative paradigm20.叙事 narrative21.强语境与弱语境high context/ low context22.跨文化传播 intercultural communication23.功能理论functionalism24.话语分析 discourse analysisIV. 传媒产业1.市场驱动的报纸 market-driven newspaper2.传播的商品形式 commodity form of communication3.受众商品 audience commodity4.媒介集中化 media conglomeration5.内在的商品化internal commodity6.传媒产业 media industry7.受众分割 audience segmentation8.注意力经济attention economy9.媒介竞争 competition of media10.媒介资本 media capital11.媒介战略管理 media strategic management12.媒介集团 media conglomeracy13.传播政治经济学 political economy of communicationV. 传媒研究与方法1.传播研究 communication research2.抽样 sampling3.调查研究法 survey research4.内容分析法 content analysis5.实验研究法 experiment research6.效度与信度 validity/ reliability7.定性研究法 qualitative research 8.变量 variables9.实地观察法field observation 10.个案研究法 case study11.新媒介 new media 12.数字化 digitalization13.互联网internet 14.虚拟社群virtual community 博客 blog 15.扩散研究 diffusion study 16.短信 short message17.数字语言 digital language 18.超文本 hypertext19.媒介事件 media event 20.媒介仪式 media ritual21.传播生态 ecology of communication22.对真实的社会建构social construction of reality 23.真实／虚构reality / fiction24.拟态环境 pseudo-environment 25.刻板成见stereotyping26.二元价值观评判two-valued uation 27.媒介非中心化decenter the media 28.信息社会information society 29.媒介功能media function30.公共关系public relation 31.阐释理论 interpretive theory VI.人物1.哈罗德?D?拉斯韦尔Harold Dwight Lasswell2.保罗?F?拉扎斯菲尔德 Paul F Lazasfeld3.卡尔?I?霍夫兰 Carl Iver Hovland4.库尔特?卢因 Kurt Lewin5.韦尔伯?L?施拉姆 Wilbur Lang Schramm6.马歇尔?麦克卢汉 Marshall Mcluhan新闻学I. 著名英文报刊选摘一、美国报纸1、The New York Times 纽约时报2、The Washington Post 华盛顿邮报3、Los Angles Times 洛杉矶时报4、USA T oday 今日美国5、The Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报6 The Christian Science Monitor 基督教科学箴言报7、International Herald Tribute 国际先驱论坛报二、美国期刊1.Time 时代2.Newsweek 新闻周刊3.U.S. News and World Report 美国新闻及世界报道4.Reader’s Digest 读者文摘5.Fortune 财富6.Far Eastern Economic Review 远东经济评论三、英国报刊1.The Times 泰晤士报2.Financial Times 金融时报3.The Guardian 卫报4.The Daily Telegraph 每日电讯报5.The Economist 经济学家6.The Spectator 观察家7.New Stateman 新政治家四、其它1、Japan Times 日本时报2、South China Morning Post (HK ) 南华早报（香港）3、China Post (TW) 中国邮报（台湾）4、China Daily (PRC)中国日报（大陆）II. 报纸版面各部分名称 1.报耳（ear）2.报头（flag/masterhead/nameplate）3.标题（headline）4.版口（head margin）5.当日新闻提要（index）6.插图（cut）7.图片说明（cutline）8.标题之一行（deck）9.署名（by-line）10.新闻导言（lead）11.引题（kicker）12.头版（frontpage）III 报纸常见栏目名称一、常见新闻栏目1.City / Local / City Edition/ City Page/ Region 城市2.National/ Around The Nation/ Domestic/ Home News 国内新闻3.International / Global 国际新闻4.Brief / In Brief / Briefing / Bulletin 摘要5.Recap 简明新闻6.Pony Report 每日新闻摘要7.Newsline 新闻经纬8.Events And Trends 事件 / 动向9.Exclusive 独家报道10.Expose 新闻曝光11.Issue In The News/ Focus/ Hot News 新闻热点12.Update / Latest News 最新报道13.Feature / News Features / General Features 特写可囊括除新闻以外的一切报道）/doc/e910778414.html,mentary / Editorial / Opinion / Column / Letters To The Editors 评论15.Advertisement: Display Advertising / Classified Advertising--- (Jobs/Auto/Real E state/ For Sale/ Help Wanted) 广告二、常见其他栏目名称1.agony column 答读者问专栏2.anecdote 趣闻轶事3.candid camera 抓拍镜头4.caricature漫画、讽刺画5.cartoon漫画6.chitchat column 闲话栏/doc/e910778414.html,ic strip 连环漫画8.continued story 连载故事9.correspondence column 读者来信栏 10.critique 评论11.crossword 猜字游戏/纵横填字字谜 12.digest 文摘13.document 文件摘要14.editor’s note 编者按15.essay杂文、随笔、小品文16.going out guide 旅游指南17.gossip 社会新闻 18.how-to-stories 常识指导19.interview 访谈录 20.leader社论21.light literature 通俗文学 22.mini-torial 短评23.note 随笔 24.notice 启事25.obit 讣告 26.pegging 新闻背景27.personal / personal column 私人广告/ 人事要闻 28.profile 人物专访29.readers’ forum 读者论坛30.review 评论31.round-up综合报道/综述32.running story/ serials 连载故事 33.shirttail 社论栏/ 附注34.side story / sidebar / sidelight 花絮新闻/趣闻35.situations vacant / situations wanted 招聘广告36.sponsored section特约专版37.squib小品文/随笔38.strip cartoon / strip 连环漫画/连环画 39.Supplement 增刊40.Think piece 时事短评 41.Titbit 花絮42.Travelogue/ travels游记43.What’s on 影视指南44.Wise saying 至理名言IV. 常见报纸类型1.daily 日报2.morning edition 晨报3.evening edition 晚报4.quality paper 高级报纸5.popular paper 大众报纸6.evening paper 晚报/doc/e910778414.html,ernment organ 官报8.part organ 党报9.trade paper 商界报纸10.Chinese paper 中文报纸11.English newspaper 英文报纸 12.vernacular paper 本国文报纸13.political news 政治报纸 14.Newspaper Week 新闻周刊V. 各类记者名称accredited journalist n. 特派记者 publisher 发行人proprieter 社长bureau chief, copy chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总主笔 editor 编辑, 主笔newsman, newspaperman, journalist 新闻记者cub reporter 初任记者 reporter 采访记者war correspondent, campaign badge 随军记者 columnist 专栏记者star reporter 一流通讯员 correspondent 通讯员special correspondent 特派员contributor 投稿家VI 其他bulldog edition 晨版 article 记事banner headline 头号大标题 big news 头条新闻hot news 最新新闻 feature 特写,花絮criticism 评论 editorial 社论review, comment 时评book review 书评topicality 时事问题city news 社会新闻general news column 一般消息栏 public notice 公告 calssified ad 分类广告 flash-news 大新闻 extra 号外the sports page 运动栏literary criticism 文艺评论Sunday features 周日特刊 newsbeat 记者采访地区 news blackout 新闻管制press ban 禁止刊行yellow sheet 低俗新闻tabloid 图片版新闻"Braille" edition 点字版 newspaper office 报社 news source 新闻来源informed sources 消息来源attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源 newspaper campaign 新闻战 free-lancer writer 自由招待会 press box 记者席news conference,press conference 记者招待会8International Press Association 国际新闻协会 distribution 发行circulation 发行份数 newsstand, kiosk 报摊newspaper agency 报纸代售处 newsboy 报童subscription (rate) 报费 newsprint 新闻用纸 Fleet Street 舰队街advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻assignment n．采写任务 back alley news n. 小道消息 backgrounding n．新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
PunctuationPunctuation should help reading - to make clear the thought being expressed. If punctuation does not help clarify the message, it should not be there.When more than one punctuation mark (not including quotation marks, parentheses or brackets) could be used at the same place in a sentence, use only the "stronger" - or more necessary - of the two. Question marks and exclamation points, for example, are stronger than commas and periods: "Have all the ballots finally been counted?" asked the reporter. (The question mark fills the role of the comma.) The topic of his speech is "We demand justice now!" (No period following the exclamation point.) Ampersand (&)Apostrophe (')Brackets ([ ])Colon (:)Comma (,)Dash (—)Ellipsis ( ... )Exclamation point (!)Hyphen (-)Parentheses ( )Period (.)Question Mark (?)Quotation Marks (" ")Semicolon (;)Virgule (/)Ampersand (&)Use the ampersand when a company uses it as part of the company's full name. Do not use the ampersand to replace “and” in other t ext. The ampersand may be used in tables and abbreviations.Apostrophe (')This punctuation mark has two main functions: First, it often shows possession: Dan Lindler's appointment. And second, it often marks the omission of letters in contractions and other words or numbers in years anddecades: he'll, won't, finger lickin' good, the class of '68, the '90s.Apostrophes never make a word plural, but they may be used to mark the plural of single letters and abbreviations with internal punctuation: Dot your i's. She got straights A's on her report card, M.A.'s Ph.D.'s. Don't use it in forming plurals of decades: the '70s, the 1980s, not '70's, the 1980's.Brackets ([ ])Avoid using. Use commas, dashes or parentheses instead. In quotations, however, brackets may be used to show the words in brackets were added or changed by the editor to clarify the meaning. Avoid altering quotations. If a speaker's words are clear and concise, use the full quotation. If cumbersome language can be paraphrased fairly, use an indirect construction. "We strongly disagree with the [Lincoln County] council's decision," she said. Square brackets also may be used occasionally to insert words into a statement that's already enclosed in parentheses.Colon (:)The colon has three main uses, all of which involve pointing the reader toward the words that follow the colon. The colon always follows a whole sentence in these uses. Don't combine a dash and a colon.The most frequent use is to introduce a list, often after expressions such as the following or as follows: Loretta Schwieterman appointed three people to the committee: David Allen, Greg Edwards and Jean Rheinhard. The Parks Department has scheduled open houses in the following communities: Valley View, April 5; Gantry, May 6; and Sierra Hills, Aug. 7.Don't use a colon immediately after a verb. Incorrect: Loretta Schwieterman appointed: David Allen, Greg Edwards and Jean Rheinhard to the committee. Correct: Loretta Schwieterman appointed David Allen, Greg Edwards and Jean Rheinhard to the committee. Second, the colon can be used to stress the word, words or sentence that follows it: He had only one thing on his mind: flowers. The news was good: No one would be laid off. When used this way, the colon replaces such words as that is, namely and for example. Capitalize the first wordafter a colon if it is a proper noun or the start of a whole sentence.Third, use a colon to introduce a quotation longer than one sentence within a paragraph and to end a paragraph that introduces a quotation in the next paragraph. Use a comma, however, to introduce a quotation of one sentence that stays within a paragraph.Also, use a colon to separate numbers in times (7:15 a.m.), to separate a title and subtitle, and after a business salutation (Dear Mr. Hyde:).Comma (,)The following guidelines treat frequent questions about eight essential uses of the comma.First, in a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term: She opened the closet, grabbed a coat, and picked up an umbrella. In a complex series of phrases, the serial comma before the final conjunction aids readability. In a simple series, the comma is optional before the conjunction: The van is economical, roomy and dependable. Also, put a comma before the concluding conjunction in a series if an integralelement of the series needs a conjunction: He likes jazz, rock, and rhythm and blues. Don't put a comma before the first item in a series or after the and in a series.Second, use a comma to join two independent clauses with a conjunction. An independent clause is a group of words that could stand on its own as a complete sentence; it begins with its own subject. The most common conjunctions are but, and, for, nor, or, so and yet: The council's Water Resources Committee will go over the resolution Jan. 12, and the full council is scheduled to act Feb. 11. Don't create run-on sentences by combining two or more independent clauses with only commas. Either insert conjunctions after the commas or break the clauses into separate sentences.Third, use a comma to separate an introductory phrase or clause from the rest of the sentence: After graduating from college, he joined the Peace Corps. It may be omitted after short introductory phrases (less than three words) if no ambiguity would result: On Thursday the Kennewick City Council will decide the issue. When in doubt, use the comma, especially when it separates two capitalized words.Fourth, enclose parenthetic expressions between commas. Parenthetic expressions are word groups that are not essential to the meaning of a sentence. If a parenthetic expression is removed, the sentence would still make sense: The social services manager, who toured the Snoqualmie Valley last week, will make her recommendations today. They took one of their sons, Leif, to the concert. His wife, Donna, is a middle school teacher. As shown in the examples, commas always go both before and after a parenthetic expression within a sentence. If you'd prefer to stress a parenthetic phrase, put it between dashes; you can play down such a phrase by placing it between parentheses.Also use commas to set off a person's hometown when it follows the name: Rachel Solomon, Danbury, opened a new restaurant. If using a person's age, set it off by commas: Tom O'Rourke, 69, opened a new restaurant.Do not use commas to set off an essential word or phrase from the rest of a sentence. Essential words and phrases are important to the meaning of a sentence: They took their daughter Jennifer to school. Their son Nils works atTicketmaster. (They have more than one daughter and more than one son.)Fifth, use commas to set off words and phrases such as however, meanwhile, in fact, in addition, moreover, nevertheless, as a result, thus, therefore, for example, finally and in other words. Usually, place a comma after such expressions when they begin a sentence, and place commas before and after the expressions when they are within a sentence.Sixth, use commas to separate a series of adjectives equal in rank. If the adjectives could be rearranged without changing the meaning of a sentence or if the word and could replace the commas without changing the sense, the adjectives are equal: A sleek, new car. A thick, black cloud. Use no comma when the last adjective before a noun outranks its predecessors because it is an integral element of a noun phrase: a silver articulated bus.Seventh, use a comma to set off a direct one-sentence quotation within a paragraph: Theodore Roosevelt said, "It's not the critic who counts." Use a comma before thesecond quotation mark in a quotation followed by attribution: "No comment," said Jerry Carson.And eighth, use a comma to separate the parts of numbers, dates and addresses. Use a comma for figures higher than 999: More than 5,000 people attended the event.Use commas to set off the year in complete dates: The department released its report Nov. 16, 2002, for public review. But don't separate the month from the year when not using a date. They held their first retreat in January 1994.Use commas to set off cities from names of states or nations: She went to Vancouver, Wash., to tour the bridge retrofit program. He traveled to Paris, France, on vacation. Dash (—)Long dashes, called em dashes, have three main uses. In these uses, em dashes are usually less formal but more emphatic substitutes for other typical punctuation marks. To preserve the impact of dashes, avoid overusing them. First, use an em dash to explain, justify or stress in the second part of a sentence something in the first part: Fansfilled all the seats - the concert hall was packed! The new shopping mall will open Tuesday - if the air-conditioning works. The project was finished on time, within scope - and under budget. The manager was new to the agency - brand new.Second, use a pair of em dashes to make an emphatic pause or abrupt, parenthetic change in thought within a sentence: The new auditorium - opening six months behind schedule - is getting praise from both critics and audiences. If you'd prefer to play down such a phrase, consider placing it between parentheses instead, or between commas.Third, use a pair of em dashes to set off a phrase that has a series of words separated by commas: Leif Hansen described the qualities - intelligence, initiative and assertiveness - he wants in a supervisor.As shown in the examples above, do not put a space before or after an em dash (an exception to the rule followed by the Associated Press for newspaper use). Avoid using more than one pair of em dashes in a sentence.A short dash, called en dash, may be used to mean up to and including when placed between numbers, times, dates and other uses that show range: 1993-96, $25-50, $432,000-$560,000 (but $25 million to $50 million), 55-65 years, 2:30-4 p.m. (but 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.), ages 15-20, pages 167-78. It also may be used to replace to and versus in capitalized names: the Chicago-New Orleans train, the Huskies-Cougars game. Do not put spaces before and after the en dash. See between ... and, from ... to, dates, ranges.Note: A hyphen (-) is not a dash. Most current word processing and design software can create em dashes and en dashes. If not possible, use two hyphens to create an em dash, and substitute a hyphen for an en dash. In Microsoft Word, if you don't space after the second hyphen, the two hyphens become an em dash.Ellipsis ( ... )Avoid. An ellipsis is usually used to show the deletion of one or more words in condensing quotations, texts and documents. It also shows hesitation or trailing off in a quotation: "I wonder what I will say after we ..."Treat an ellipsis as a three-letter word, with three periods and a space on each end. Some software can create an ellipsis that can replace three separate periods. Exclamation Point (!)Use sparingly and only to express a high degree of surprise, disbelief or other strong emotion. The exclamation point goes within the quotation marks when it applies to the quoted matter only.F. Scott Fitzgerald: "Cut out all those exclamation marks. An exclamation mark is like laughing at your own joke." Hyphen (-)Hyphens are joiners. They link words. Use a hyphen to avoid ambiguity or to form a single idea from two or more words: She recovered her health. She re-covered the torn seat. He is a small-business man. He is a foreign-car dealer. Unclear: He is a small businessman. He is a foreign car dealer. Also see guidelines at composition titles, compound words, initial-based terms, race.Do not hyphenate most compound nouns - two or more words that work together as a noun: Pilot testing isscheduled to begin in May. But consult this style manual or your dictionary for preferred or commonly excepted terms: president-elect, sister-in-law, good-for-nothing.To avoid ambiguity, use hyphens to link words in compound adjectives (or compound modifiers) before nouns. If you can insert and between the modifying words before a noun and make sense of the new construction, you do not have a compound adjective: And would make sense in a sunny, warm day; sunny, warm is not a compound modifier. But and would not work in a well-rounded employee; well-rounded is a compound modifier. Another test: If your sentence would make sense if you reversed the order of the modifying words or even eliminated one of them, don't connect the words with a hyphen.If two or more consecutive words make sense only when understood together as a single idea modifying a noun that follows, hyphenate that compound adjective: a well-prepared plan, special-interest money, high-frequency sounds, minimum-height requirement, used-record store, 250-square-mile area, 5-ton truck, short-term solution,little-known man, better-qualified woman, long-range plan, know-it-all attitude, pilot-testing schedule.Leave out hyphens in compound modifiers only when no reader confusion would result from their omission - or if the modifying words are commonly considered as a unit: post office box, high school classes. If necessary, rewrite sentences to avoid stringing together a long, potentially confusing series of modifying adverbs and adjectives before nouns.Hyphens are unnecessary after already, most, least, less and very and after all adverbs that end in ly: already named manager, most used service, less expensive project, least liked alternative, a very good time, an easily remembered rule, randomly selected addresses. See comma, very.Do not hyphenate most compound modifiers if they occur after the noun being modified, even if hyphenating them before the noun: The plan was well prepared. The man was little known. The woman was better qualified. His boat is 42 feet long, but He has a 42-foot-long boat.Here's the form for suspensive hyphenation: The students recommended a 15- to 20-minute break between third and fourth periods.Hyphenate co- when forming nouns, adjectives or verbs that show occupation or status: co-pilot, co-chairman, co-worker. See prefixes and suffixes and separate entries for the most often used prefixes and suffixes.A hyphen is not a dash. For example, this organization mail stop, KSC-TR-0824, has hyphens, not dashes.A hyphen may be used to divide a word at the end of a line, especially to remove large gaps at the end of an adjacent line. Here are some guidelines for hyphenation to aid readability and reduce reader confusion:∙Divide words only between syllables, but don't add a hyphen to a word or phrase that already has a hyphen, such as decision-maker or re-election. Instead, break the word or phrase at the existing hyphen.∙Avoid ending more than two consecutive lines with hyphens.∙Don't hyphenate a word at the end of a line unless you can leave a syllable of at least three characters on both the first and second lines. Avoid dividing words with fewer than six letters.∙Don't divide the last word in a line when the second part of the word would be the only "word" on the second line.∙Don't hyphenate abbreviations, contractions and numbers. Also, don't hyphenate words in headlines and headings.∙Avoid hyphenating proper nouns.∙Don't hyphenate words that jump from one page to another page.∙Avoid hyphenating words that jump from one column to another column or that jump over a graphic image or photo.Parentheses ( )Parentheses may be used to surround words, phrases or even whole sentences that are relatively unimportant to the main text. But they can distract the reader from your mainpoint. Think about deleting the unimportant text. If a sentence must contain incidental information, setting off the information with a pair of commas or a pair of dashes may be more effective. Also try placing the extra information in a separate sentence - with no parentheses. Parenthesis marks always come in twos, one opening and one closing ( ). Don't use one without the other, including if they're used in numbered or alphabetized lists.Place a period outside a closing parenthesis if the material inside is not a sentence (such as this fragment). If a parenthetical sentence (here is one example) is part of a sentence, don't capitalize the first word or end the parenthetical sentence with a period. But if the parenthetical sentence ends with a question mark or exclamation point, put a period after the closing parenthesis (here's another example!). If the material in the parentheses is an independent sentence, capitalize the first word and place the period before the closing parenthesis. (Here is an example.)Period (.)This punctuation mark has two main purposes. It ends all sentences that are not questions or exclamations, and it's used in some abbreviations.Use periods to break up complicated sentences into two or more readable sentences. "There's not much to be said about the period except that most writers don't reach it soon enough." William Zinsser, On Writing Well: An Informal Guide to Writing Nonfiction, 1980. See sentence length.Use a period, not a question mark, after an indirect question: He asked what the score was.Don't put a space between two initials: T.S. Eliot.Use periods after numbers or letters in listing elements of a summary: 1. Wash the car. 2. Clean the basement. Or: A. Punctuate properly. B. Write simply.Periods always go inside quotation marks.Put only one space after a period (and other sentence-ending punctuation, including colons).Question Mark (?)Direct questions always take question marks: Who is going with you? Did he ask you if you were going? Indirect questions never take question marks: He would like to know who's going with you. For multiple questions, either use a single question mark at the end of the complete sentence: Did she plan the project, manage the budget and supervise the staff? Or stress each element by breaking up the sentence: Did she plan the project? Manage the budget? Supervise the staff? Put only one space after a question mark (and other sentence-ending punctuation).The question mark replaces the comma normally used when attributing a quotation: "Who is going?" she asked. The question mark may go inside or outside quotation marks depending on the meaning: Who wrote "Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except Me and My Monkey"? She asked, "How long will it take?" Also, use a single question mark, inside the quotation mark, in sentences like this: Did you hear him say, "Who wrote all the reports?"Quotation Marks (" ")Put quotation marks around direct quotations: "No comment," he said. She said, "Report to work on time." If a full paragraph of quoted material precedes another paragraph that continues the quotation, do not put quotation marks after the first paragraph. But do put quotation marks before the second paragraph.Put quotation marks around words used ironically or unfamiliar terms used on first reference: The "tycoon" turned out to be a pauper. But avoid putting single words or terms in quotation marks to draw attention to them as slang, informal or cute.Avoid fragmented quotations. Do not use quotation marks to report a few ordinary words used by a speaker or writer. Don't put the words of one person into the mouths of many: Witnesses at the accident said there was "a tremendous bang, and then all hell broke loose."Quotations within quotations: Use single quotation marks for passages contained within a direct quotation ("She said, 'Ouch!'").Punctuation: The period and comma always go within the quotation marks. The dash, question mark andexclamation point go within the quotation marks when they apply to the quoted matter only. Colons and semicolons go outside quotation marks.In headlines, use single quotation marks: Man cries 'Fire!' in theater, causes panic.Semicolon (;)The semicolon has three main uses, although the first use below is the most common. The semicolon shows a greater separation of thought and information than a comma but less separation than a period.First, use semicolons to separate parts of a series when at least one item in the series also has a comma. A semicolon also goes before the final and in such a series: Attending were Tina Lopez, 223 Main St.; Ron Larson, 1414 Broadway; and Robert Zimmerman, 1976 E. Pine St. The following two uses can add variety, eliminate a word or two, and closely link contrasting or related ideas. But breaking a long sentence with a semicolon into two or more shorter sentences can aid readability and clarity.Second, use a semicolon to link two (or more) closely related statements that could stand alone as independent sentences (or clauses): The train arrived on time; the passengers were overjoyed. If a coordinating conjunction such as and, but or or separates the two independent clauses, a comma would replace the semicolon: The bus arrived on time, and the passengers were overjoyed. Third, use a semicolon between two independent clauses when the second clause begins with transition words such as therefore, however, thus and for example: The department had planned to drop the service; however, overwhelming customer demand persuaded officials to keep it.Place semicolons outside quotation marks. Put only one space after a semicolon.Virgule (/)Avoid using the virgule - also called a slash, forward slash, diagonal or slant - to stand for omitted words or letters. Examples include per in 40,000 tons/year, to in price/earnings ratio, or in his/her and oral/written tests, versus in parent/child issues, with in table/mirror, w/o forwithout and c/o for in care of. The virgule may replace and in some compound terms: the Vancouver/Portland area, the May/June issue, an innovative classroom/laboratory. Using and, however, may be less ambiguous. When using the virgule, don't separate the punctuation mark from adjacent words or numbers with spaces.The virgule may be used to separate the elements of dates and the numerator from the denominator in numbers containing fractions.。
