汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点 Microsoft Word 文档

1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。

2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。

3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life.译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。

青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。

4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。

这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。

5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。

6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

英汉互译期末复习一、翻译下列短语tourist visa 旅游签证special report 专题报道circus performance 马戏lyric poem 抒情诗internal combustion engine 内燃机Parataxis 意合Joseph Needham 李约瑟fundamental issue 基本问题theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱The Waterloo Bridge 魂断蓝桥village head 村长diplomatic passport 外交护照senior nurse 主任护士network transaction 网络交易area of news coverage 现场采访chain reaction 连锁反应data highway 信息高速公路 a stick-and –carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策老乡fellow-townsman 公务员civil service头条新闻top/headline news 事倍功半half result with double efforts勿靠近车门keep clear of door 入境签证entry visa阶梯教室lecture theatre 免税商店duty-free shop安全检查security check 情人节the Valent ine’s Day元宵节the Lantern Festival 沉默是金Silence is golden杂技表演acrobatic performance 执行主席executive chairman科技英语English for science and technology经济舱Economy Class商务舱Business Class功臣the great contributor 武术martial art出发点starting point 室温room temperature蜀南竹海the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan澳门Macao 归化adaptation红糖brown sugar二、翻译下列句子1.44、The odds are against such hopes being realized.实现这些希望的可能性很小。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

1. 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍鱼而去熊掌者也。

As delicacies, both fish and bear’s paws are what I want. But if I were forced to choose between them, I would prefer the latter to the former(But if I had only one alternative…)2. （…黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。

）见渔人，乃大惊；问所从来，具答之。

(The villagers, both old and young, looked happy and pleased with themselves.)Upon seeing the fisherman, they were startled, asking from where he came, and he answered their question patiently.3. 抚军亦厚赉成。

不岁数，田百顷，楼阁万椽，牛羊各千计。

As a compensation for his loss of son. Fujun(the military officer)bestowed him a big favor by giving him a lot of money. A few years later he became a man of property, owning hundreds of hectares of farmland, numerous spacious houses, and a large flock of sheep and cattle.4. 项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。

Xiang, the military lord, wept his loss of the battle, with tears running down on his face. His attendant generals and soldiers, lowering their heads, just followed suit.5. 子以我为不信，吾为子先行，子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎？If you don’t believe me, I will show you my prowess. Please you walk after me, and you’ll see all the beasts be scared away by my presence.6. 明日，徐公来，熟视之，自以为不如;窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。

第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是承受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech. 例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5傅雷：1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means ―not to alter the original words and sentences‖, strictly speaking, it strives ―to keep the sentiments and style of the original‖.例如：paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）归化的例子：as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头重译本序》中提出―以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

3. The only known way to curb AIDS is to persuade people to change behavior抑制艾滋病已知的唯一方法就是劝说人们改变行为方式。

4. No one should lightly deny public health officials the tools they need to combat AIDS, including use of the AIDS antibody tests.没人可以轻易阻止公共卫生官员获得对抗艾滋病所需的工具，包括对艾滋病抗体检测的使用。

5. The official proposing mandatory testing is facing more arguments.主张强制检测的官员正面临更多的争议。

3. Neither of these government systems was intended to serve the public.这些政府的体系都不以服务大众为目的。

4. To help finance the wars postage rates were increased.为了负担战争的费用，邮资也开始上涨。

5. Most mail was still being transported the same way in the middle of the 19th century.到了19世纪中叶，大多数信件还是以这种方式来递送。

2. It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术尽快搞上去。

3. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.飞机坠毁飞行员还能活着，这似乎是令人难以想象的事。

大学英语期末考试英译汉复习21. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

2. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. 希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦教训。

仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。

3. Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth”in front of the German invaders.Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless.苏联领导人约瑟夫?斯大林被打了个措手不及，他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。

农场和工厂被焚烧毁坏，或弄得无法运转。

4.The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. 斯大林格勒一战的失利最终使希特勒走向穷途末路。

5. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。

她望着蔚蓝的大海。

She looked at the blue sea.武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一声喝道：“放屁！放屁！”Pass your wind! Nonsense彩云红雨暗长门，翡翠枝余萼绿痕。

As rainbow clouds o’er darkened door, red petals shower,On jadeite branch is left the trace of fallen flower.接受竟成了劫搜。

Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.他们种庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草。

(1)They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wines, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the garden.(2) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk and weed the garden to grow flowers.(3) They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for drink, feed cows for milk and weed the garden for flowers.(4)They plant crops and grapevines, do the gardening, brew wine for drink, and feed cows for milk.去教堂祈祷和做礼拜They go to the church to pray and attend church service.They go the church, praying and attending church service.到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌a. They play the violin, dance and sing.b. They play the violin, dancing and singing.c. They play dance and sing to the violin.21世纪前10年，是中国民航承前启后，继往开来的重要时期。

题型一、单选（1分*10个=10分）n、adj、v、prep、短语二、句子翻译（3分*10个=30分）教材上、PPT上内容三、段落翻译（20分）选自PPT练习，10个句子四、简单句（20分）7个句型（1分），例句（2分）五、论述题（20分）二、1.楼高106米的深茂商业中心占地4201平方米，南靠深南大道，西临香密湖度假村，东连未来市中心新政大楼建筑群，共有楼面26层和地上车库两层。

Shenmao Commercial Centre stands 106meters high on a 4201 sq. meters site, consisting of 26 storeys and double-level underground car park. It borders Shennan Road to the south, Xiangmi Lake Holiday Resort to the west and the new municipal office building complex, the would-be city center, to the east.2.天目山树深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。

Mt. Tianmu is like a fairy land. It is densely forested and scarcely frequented, with spring flowing over the rocks and fog streaming around the mountain sides.3.花前月下，情深深，意浓浓。

Many a moonlit night saw us sauntering along the flower-flanked paths exchanging words of love and affection.4.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导深入贯彻落实科学发展观。

1. 直译法(1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如:竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2) 打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log)4) 玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease)5)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye)6)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow (相当于cast pearls before swine)7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于keep a still tongue in one’s head)8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile)9) 画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于paint the lily)(2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如:1) 声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2. 意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。

汉英翻译考试复习材料汉语词语和英语词语之间不存在机械的对应，翻译中不能随意把某个汉语词和某个英语词划上等号。

发展水平level of development英语水平English proficiency生活水平living standard游泳水平swimming skills领导水平art of leadership使你的工作保持在高水平上Keep your work on a high plane.把我们的素质提高到一个新的水平to raise our quality to a new height住房紧张housing shortage历史经验past experience这家工厂只有几年的历史。

This factory was set up only a few years.他主要抓生产。

He is mainly in charge of production.他抓紧时间进行技术训练。

He lost no time in technical training.这部电影抓住了许多观众。

The movie appealed to a lot of audience.抓重点stress the essentials关心人民生活to care about the living of the people关心局势发展to follow the developments closely共同关心的问题issues of mutual interest我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。

We would like to know whether China will be able to achieve a sustainable development.领导人对两国关系的发展非常关心。

Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations.在这种情况下under these/such circumstances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition这种情况必须改变。

《汉英翻译》复习提纲Chapter oneas close／dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶cast／lay／have an anchor to windward 未雨绸缪范进迎了出去，只见那张乡绅下了轿进来，头带纱帽，……Fan Chin went out to welcome the visitor, who was one of local gentry, and Mr.Chang alighted from the chair and came in. He was we aring an official’s gauze cap…（乌）纱帽an official’s gauze capblue jokes下流的玩笑blue talk下流的言论This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.我再也无法忍受了。

我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。

Chapter two军事集团a military bloc反党集团anti-Party clique保税区bonded area消息灵通人士Informative sources or well-informed source持审慎态度With guarded reserve经济全球化economic globalization两岸关系the relationship between the two sidesthe relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Straitrelations across the Taiwan Strait三个代表Three Represents／the Three R Principles科学发展观the scientific outlook on development中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 一国两制one country，two systems三资企业three kinds of foreign invested enterprises保税区bonded area海选mass election审美疲劳aesthetic fatigue跳槽job-hop暗箱操作manipulation behind the scene白色收入1egal income灰色收入grey income神舟五号Shenzhou No．5亚健康subhealth排行榜best seller list电子邮件electronic mail草根组织grass-root organization多媒体multimedia按揭贷款mortgage loan短信陷阱令你防不胜防Traps of Short Messages：Hard to Guard Against东北生态岌岌可危The Ecological Crisis in Northeast China夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets妇女正在成为家庭装修能手Women are become experts at home repairs.房屋起火五死四伤Five killed and four hurt in a house fire.严禁非法金融活动，维护经济秩序稳定State eliminates illegal banking挽留北京旧城墙Beijing to fix ancient city wall施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事The Things That Farmers Needn’t Worry About江泽民在贵州、广西考察扶贫开发工作强调扶贫攻坚战必须打好，务求全胜Jiang: Abolish rural poverty美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US told to stop its ‘interfering’青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200 Years我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司Lawyers to help forced laborers无可奉告No comments即将取得进展On the brink of breathrough援引...的话说Be quoted as saying (cited as saying)两栖明星a bi-media star大龄青年：single youth above the normal matrimonial age豆腐渣丁程：bean-curd projects（so named because they are too poor in quality to last out）三角债：chain debts; debt chains单亲家庭single-parent family防病毒软件anti-virus software免提电话hand-free phone生态宜居城市eco-friendly city无人售票车conductor-less bus无烟城市smoke-free city外向型经济export-oriented economy工薪族wage-earners打工族job-seekers; migrant worker刷卡族card-users追星族star-chasers国家发改委副主任张平说跨越式发展是一大亮点。

翻译概论期末复习题 Microsoft Office Word 文档翻译概论期末复习题microsoftofficeword文档期末复习题《翻译概论》一、恳请将对应的译者理论与对应的译者理论家划线连接起来。

1异化理论a威密尔（hans.j.vermeer）2动态对等及功能对等理论b诺德（christianenord）3翻译目的论c支谦4宁信而不顺遂d奈达（eugenea.nida）5弃文存质e韦努蒂（lawrencevenuti）6功能+忠心f鲁迅7音美、形美、意美g道安8既市场需求真，又须喻俗h安世高9贵本不饰i玄奘10案本而传j许渊冲11信达雅k严复12重相像不轻形如l傅雷二、根据所学内容将最合适的词核对在空白处：1．从表面上看，翻译是两种语言之间的__________,但在深层次上，翻译传递的是__________。

从语言和文化的关系来看，语言就是文化的__________,轻易充分反映文化的现实和内涵。

2.在我国，传统翻译理论一直有着浓厚的__________色彩，从古代佛经翻译家鸠摩罗什的“嚼饭与人”，到严复的“信达雅”，再到傅雷的“__________”和钱钟书的“__________”，无不折射出我国传统翻译理论重经验、重感悟、重艺术传达的特性。

3.充分发挥译者的创造性存有一个度的问题，并不是__________充分发挥和__________充分发挥，而是基于对原作者负责管理、对读者负责管理、对__________负责管理的态度。

4.非文学翻译包括_________文体的翻译、_________文体的翻译、_________文体的翻译。

5.英语名词和介词采用较多，而汉语中则就是_________采用较多。

即为相对于汉语而言，英语女性主义于_________描绘，而相对于英语而言，汉语则多采用_________描绘。

6.直译和意译作为两种最基本的翻译方法，适用于不同的翻译目的、_______________、_______________和_______________，因而各有其优势和价值。

期末考试翻译句子部分复习资料一．断句译法1. 耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来闻气味，舌头用来尝滋味。

The ear is the organ that is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting.2. 要想着美好的事情，要沉浸在过去的快乐中，并满怀感激之情。

Dwell on the good. Be consumed by past joys and obsessed with gratitude.3. 一般而言，富人的确要比穷人幸福，但尽管金钱可以增加幸福，这种效应却持续不了多久。

It is true that the rich are happier, on average, than the poor. But while money boosts happiness, the effect doesn't last.4. 关于能量，有这么一条基本的知识：相似频率的能量会互相吸引。

Here is a basic fact about energy. It is attracted to energy ofa similar frequency.5. 爱美之心人皆有之，注重外表美也并没有犯什么条款，问题是凡事都要有度，超出尺度行事的人便好比买椟还珠。

Everyone loves beauty, and caring about one's physical beauty is not wrong. However, there is always a limit. Those who go beyond the limit will miss the real essence of beauty.6. 20世纪上半叶的上海，曾经是中国工业、贸易、金融和商业中心，吸引过不少外来投资者，一度成为冒险家的乐园。

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二．翻译下列句子（1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。