英美文化作业：英美文化差异(英文版)

阐述英美文化的异同之处英语作文精选英文阐述英美文化的异同之处英语作文：Title: TheIntriguingSimilarities and Unique Differences between British and American CulturesThe cultures of Britain and the United States, despite their close geographical proximity and historical ties, exhibit fascinating similarities and profound differences. Both cultures are rooted in a rich tapestry of traditions, values, and languages, yet they have evolved uniquely over time, reflecting their respective histories, political systems, and social landscapes.One of the most evident similarities between British and American cultures is their shared linguistic heritage. Both nations use English as their primary language, allowing for a strong connection through common vocabulary, grammar, and literary works. This linguistic unity has facilitated cultural exchange and understanding, with many British literary and artistic influences being absorbed and adapted by the United States.Moreover, both cultures value individualism, emphasizing the importance of personal freedom and responsibility. This shared value is reflected in their political systems, where individuals are encouraged to participate actively in democratic processes and voice their opinions. However, while the British system tends to be more centralized and hierarchical, American culture promotes a more decentralized and egalitarian approach.On the other hand, there are significant differences between British and American cultures. British culture is deeply rooted in its monarchy and royal heritage, with the royal family playing a significant role in national life. This is reflected in the British people'srespect for tradition and a tendency to value stability and consensus over rapid change. By contrast, American culture is shaped by its founding fathers and a strong belief in republican values, emphasizing democracy, individual rights, and the pursuit of happiness.Another noteworthy difference lies in the social landscape. British society tends to be more class-conscious, with a stronger emphasis on social hierarchy and etiquette. This is reflected in the British love of tea and cricket, which are often associated with upper-class traditions. By contrast, American culture is more relaxed and informal, with a strong emphasis on equality and inclusivity. Americans are known for their love of sports, fast-paced lifestyles, and entrepreneurship.In conclusion, while British and American cultures share many similarities, they also exhibit profound differences. These differences are a testament to their unique histories, political systems, and social landscapes, and they continue to shape the way people in these nations live, think, and interact with the world. Understanding these similarities and differences is crucial for fostering mutual respect and understanding between the two cultures.中文对照翻译：标题：英国和美国文化之间有趣的相似之处和独特之处英国和美国的文化，尽管地理位置相近，历史渊源深厚，但却有着惊人的相似之处和深刻的差异。

文化差异类作文模板英语Title: Cultural Differences。

Cultural differences are a fascinating and complex aspect of human society. They encompass a wide range of beliefs, customs, traditions, and behaviors that vary from one group to another. Understanding and appreciating these differences is essential for fostering mutual respect and harmony among people from different backgrounds.One of the most prominent cultural differences is language. Each culture has its own unique language or dialect, which shapes the way its members communicate and express themselves. Language not only serves as a means of communication but also reflects the values and worldview of a particular culture. For example, the Japanese language has different levels of formality to show respect, while in English, the use of titles and formal language may not be as prevalent. These linguistic nuances can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, highlighting the importance of cross-cultural communication and language learning.Another significant cultural difference is the concept of time. In some cultures, punctuality is highly valued, and being late is considered disrespectful. In contrast, other cultures have a more relaxed attitude towards time and may not adhere to strict schedules. This can lead to misunderstandings and frustration when people from different cultural backgrounds work or socialize together. Understanding and respecting each other's time orientation is crucial for effective collaboration and relationship-building.Cultural differences also manifest in social customs and etiquette. For example, greetings vary widely across cultures, with some cultures placing a strong emphasis on formal greetings and gestures of respect, while others may have more informal or casual greeting customs. Additionally, dining etiquette, gift-giving practices, and body language can differ significantly from one culture to another. Being aware of these differences and adapting one's behavior accordingly is essential when interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.Religious beliefs and practices are another major source of cultural differences. Different cultures have their own religious traditions, rituals, and ceremonies that play a significant role in shaping their values and behaviors. Understanding and respecting these religious differences is crucial for promoting tolerance and inclusivity in a multicultural society.Moreover, cultural differences can also be observed in gender roles and family dynamics. In some cultures, traditional gender roles are deeply ingrained, with distinct expectations and responsibilities for men and women. In contrast, other cultures may have more fluid or egalitarian views on gender roles. Similarly, family structures and dynamics can vary widely, influencing the way individuals interact with their family members and the broader community.Cultural differences also extend to attitudes towards authority, individualism versus collectivism, and the perception of personal space. These differences can influence how people interact in social and professional settings, as well as their values and priorities in life.It is important to recognize that cultural differences are not inherently good or bad; they simply reflect the diversity of human experience. By understanding and appreciating these differences, individuals can cultivate empathy, respect, and open-mindedness towards others. This, in turn, can lead to more harmonious relationships and effective collaboration in an increasingly globalized world.In conclusion, cultural differences encompass a wide range of beliefs, customs, traditions, and behaviors that vary from one group to another. Understanding and appreciating these differences is essential for fostering mutual respect and harmony among people from different backgrounds. By acknowledging and embracing cultural diversity, individuals can contribute to a more inclusive and interconnected global community.。

(判断题)Chapter 11. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T)3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T)2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success i n dealing with all the British economic and social problems.(F)5. The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economic policy.(T)7. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8. Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6. The Times is the world’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)(选择题)Chapter 11. The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland4. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation8. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 41. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 51. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.Over of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needA. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime(简答题)Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottishscenery, to drink the scotchwhisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 21. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in alm ost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.2. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 31. What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functionsare : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the governmentpolicy.2. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’sconstitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.3. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 41. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment .in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.Chapter 51. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom? Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.。

在美国，解雇员工用dismiss，还可以说to fire somebody或者lay off在英国，解雇员工用to sack somebody或者give somebody a sack，用make redundant表示解雇一些多余的职员中国的下岗工人最好叫laid-off workers，不要叫unemployed workers，以强调是临时解雇而有机会再就业的机会美国的消防车叫fire truck，或者说fire engine，据说消防员有自己的叫法是fire appliances英国人把消防车叫作fire engine，消防员是fireman或者是fire fighter美国人管一楼或底楼都叫first floor，地下室是basement，三楼third floor英国人把一楼叫作ground floor，地下室叫cellar，而二楼才是first floor、在美国，卖鱼的商店叫fish store，在中国的鱼市翻译是fish market在英国，卖鱼商店则是（fishmonger`s）名词所有格表示商店，英国的monger还表示商人或者是贩子大虾是shrimps，螃蟹是crabs，龙虾是lobsters，在美国很少见到有鳝鱼finless ell和带鱼hairtail之类卖的美国家庭里的下水道设备叫fixtures或者说plumbing fixtures它是固定的装置在英国家庭里的下水道设备则叫fitting，它既表示是固定的也可以不是固定的装置在美国和英国，管道设备和水暖设备都叫plumbing，管工则是plumber美国人把旗杆叫作Flagstaff，只有staff才可以表示旗杆，如果是stuff这个词就是拐杖或员工的意思了，容易混淆英国人把旗杆叫作flag pole或者是flag post美国人说手电筒是flashlight，而英国人以为是闪光英国人用手电筒则叫torch，而美国人以为是火炬因此，Armed with a torch,he went into the cave 这句话到底是什么意思，那就看是英国人还是美国人了美国的房屋出租是apartment/house for rent而在英国的房屋出租是flat/house for let另外lease也是租借屋。

英国与美国的文化差异集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#英国与美国的文化差异英美文化的差异表现在很多方面：一、英美语言差异尽管英美两个国家都是讲英语的，但是美国英语和英国英语是不相同的。

英国人与美国人虽然说的都叫英语，但这两种英语的差异还是很大的，学英语的人都知道，英语中有英式发音和美式发音两种。

英国人的英语，相对而言，发音比较清楚，连读的部分较少，一般听起来相对比较字正腔圆;而美国人说英语，则秉持这能省则省，能连就连的原则，因此，对于把英语作为第二语言的人来说，听英国人的发音相比较下会舒服得多，而如果要习惯美音，恐怕只有在美国生活过的人才真正做到了。

另外，两国在字词上的用法也有很多的不同二、英美生活习俗差异英国人和美国人在自己日常生活习俗上也有区别。

从服饰上看，英国2人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履，皮鞋锃亮。

美国人则比较随便，想穿什么就是什么，以自己舒适为主，不会去介意别人的评价，别人也不会去评价。

有的英国女士接待黄皮肤朋友时，专门涂抹上黄色面霜，以表示对朋友的亲近和尊重。

美国人可方便多了，近几年，美国流行大花裤衩，校内校外，老老少少，都少不了它的影子。

但这也并不是说，他们到处随意，在一些场合，他们也是西装革履，文质彬彬，很有些“绅士”的派头。

但如果一看到没有旁人，这些“绅士”就原形毕露，鞋也脱了，领带也松了，扣子也解了，脚也搭起来了。

从饮食上看两国的美食都像英语一样，是一个大杂烩，广泛吸收了世界各地不同文化的影响。

众所周知，英国是一个聚集了诸多绅士淑女的地方，而英国的饮食，也处处散发着英国上流社会应有的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪，再到餐桌上的一言一行，英国人无不将细致发挥到了极致。

特别在餐桌礼仪上，不能在餐桌上说话，不能有餐具敲击的声音，刀叉的握法……几乎所有我们所了解的法式西餐的规则都被英国人所遵守而同样是吃饭，到了美国人身上，则就显得随意了许多。

1)A, the natural environmentIn the eyes of the Chinese people, "summer sorching", "hot summer," summer always linked with intense heat. In Shakespeare a sonnet yet such lines, Shall I compare thee to a summer 's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (can I take with you? / summer than you ah, than summer came cute and photos.) The poet's compared to summer, lovely and always. "Summer" to the Chinese and British lenovo can be so different. Reason is that in different geographical position, China is located in the Asian continent, belong to a continental climate and four distinct seasons, summer most obvious characteristics is scorching, hot challenging. Britain is located in the north temperate, belong to sea climate, beautiful summer mild, pleasant. And of course many example of this, for example, in the Chinese "dongfeng" to make people think of the warm sunny,the west wind that have seed the bitter taste. And in the west the opposite. Reason is the same, the two are in different geographical position, bring feel different.2)Second, productionIn English and aquaculture, ship the words very much, such as fish in the air (climb a tree to look for fish), an odd fish (weirdo), miss the boat (miss), etc. This kind of words in Chinese is much less. Reason is that British around water, aquatic fishing industry and ring navigation in its economic occupies an important place in the life, so many such words. And in China only coastal areas have fishermen netting fishing, so this relatively few words.To express "with the physical negative things" of the verbs in Chinese language has many, such as "carry, the Netherlands, pick, bear, carry, back, carry, negative, carry, ku" and so on, each word has certain negative luck with the corresponding things (such as soil, water, pick bear, the box), is really a very close. In English, but only a carry to "refers to the-action. The Chinese will this verb fine add distinguish, probably because in the long run, China agricultural society, manual work much more special reason.Chinese, we will encounter "like the same said work", "QiZhuangRuNiu" word, in English, to express the same meaning, will say work like a horse, as strong as a horse, flog a willing horse. Why the Chinese use the "bull" and English with horse? The answer is Chinese have always use cows to plow fields, the early English but with the Malay farming. Cows and horses in the production process were divided into two countries do good helper, earned the people with the words can be as above usage.3)Three, and the customs and habits1, appellation and call: learning English, we found that the English name in Chinese appellation than to much less. For example, a cousin of the English words, corresponding Chinese cousin, cousin, cousin and cousin, etc. We see that the Chinese are very strict distinction between Cousins relationship, should say gender, and give size, don't like English general a word settles. The linguistic produce attributed to China two, three thousand years of the rule of feudalism. This kind of feudal society pay high attention to the blood relationship, with particular emphasis on the differences between the level, advocate the youngest, concern and orderly. Kinship relationship and gender, on his face all different, power and obligations appear with distinction, it must strictly distinguish the appellation and close. The English title number not much, except the dad, mum, grandpa, aunt, uncle and so on several appellation often use outside, other almost all need not. In Britain or America, people call each other in Chinese people against reason, and not polite, no corrections. For example: the children do not put grandpa's grandmother called grandpa and grandma, but call him by his first name, this kind of practice is decent, kind, is often buried, young said the old, only his surname in before and Mr And Mrs Or Miss. They these practices embodies the pursuit of westerners equal thought, in their eyes, title itself means not equal. 2, honorific modest words:Like title, the English language and modest words also far less than Chinese. In English, no matter how much each other age, status and how high you is you, I was I, don't like Chinese that way with many such as "you, director, engineers" honorific, etc. Chinese produce the reasons of this phenomenon is one of China's feudal social hierarchy patriarchal clan system. It requires that people with elders or superior, even peers spoke, want to use honorific, otherwise think misnomer and discourteous, even appear proud; It takes about their own modest words, such as not use, also will be considered rude. Another reason, is in the thousands of years of Chinese the influence of traditional ideas, do not wish to highlight your, always think "modest" is a virtue. And in English this kind of word of less for two reasons: one is the westerners love for equality, 2 it is they have long respect personal value, ready to show, emphasize training individual self-confidence. By the mercy of the above ideas, westerners accept praise, congratulations on the reaction was also have very big distinction. Chinese people listen to such words will be a modest said after the discourse, and westerners will not hesitate to say: "Thank you" from the newspaper I have seen such a joke, at a ball, an American people praise a Chinese woman said: "you look very beautiful today (you today is very beautiful." The Chinese woman quickly modestly said: "Where (Where), Where (Where)." the American people feel very strange and then had to say a sentence: "everywhere (around)." According to western habit, when they praise others, total hope others to accept or the way thanks frank answer, otherwise they will be misinterpreted as the other party to doubt his judgment. And the east is moremodest, cautious, even if the mind is very happy, also won't have identity or accept their praise. And as academic journals of literature or the title of the paper. The title of the article in Chinese that the article content, often have said the modest words. Such as "on......", "try to talk about the......" , ", "......Taiwan ", etc., and the English article title often is straightforward, and without any modification, such as Science andLinguistics (the Science and language "). Personal privacy:For most westerners, to strangers or not familiar people put forward How old are you? How much do you make? Are you married? Talk about such as age, income, marital status, religious belief, family problems of the topic of personal privacy category, taboo other people asked about. Greet westerners the most frequent topic is the weather situation or prediction. Such as "It 's fine for' t It?" , "It 's raining hard for' t It?" , "Your dress is do nice!" And so on. They first met or not familiar with the person before and never asked about privacy issues related to other people, in order to show respect for each other. The Chinese greet sometimes also said to the other party's care. Such as "you today look bad, ill?" "long time no see, you and get fat." "You again thin, attention body ah." Such as westerners hear You say: "You are fat" or "You are so thin" etc. Words. Even more familiar with each other, will also feel embarrassed, hard to answer, because it's not polite. But Chinese meet three points familiar, in half an hour, each other's family, personal situation got out neatly. This is both the different cultural background in action. Westerners pay special attention to personal privacy. They believed that personal things don't have to let others know, is less willing to let others intervention. And the Chinese in one thousand to live in a village, leave near, contacts, personal life or personal it is hard not to be known or intervention. Plus Chinese unity and friendship, care for each other, help each other, believed that personal things that family and to the collective. So they are willing to understand people's sweet and sour Shan spicy, other people are willing to tell the truth. Of course, now in some developed or coastal cities, people began to accept westerners view, do not speak to involve the privacy of others.4)Four religious beliefsChinese-english language about religion a vast number of words, spectacular. For example, "the god", "Yin and Yang," "Buddha", etc. Language is the direct reflection of thought, two very different religious vocabulary is two different national religious values of portraiture. Before the sui and tang dynasties, teach the correspondences in Chinese dominant position, Chinese words about religion and the related, such as "tai chi," "way" and so on, its spirit, such as honourdestiny, line filial piety and resigned, etc can be seen in the daily languages. Sui and tang dynasties time, a large number of Buddhism was introduced into, a large number of Buddhism with words, the rebirth of the karma between thought is accepted by the digestive and thought. Such Buddha, Confucianism, Taoism occupies a dominant position in China. In Britain, the one with the Christian as the main religion. The teaching was introduced into England in 597. Later in a very long time, a lot of related words into ranks in English. Both Old English period here by Latin words, such as English infiltration angel (angels), monk (monks), and a medieval French borrow from the words, such as religion (religion), dean (moderator) and so on, and the modern English period from other loan words borrowed a lot of word in, the result of the words in English about religion than other languages more.。

英美文化差异论文摘要文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。

交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。

了解英语文化知识，有助于交际畅通并有效地进行。

相反，缺乏了解英语文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。

我的论文所谈的不是因为语法结构出错而导致的词不达意，而且指说话方式的不妥，或不符合表达的习惯，或说得不合时宜。

说话人未能按照英美人的社会风俗习惯来交谈所造成的失误。

交际文化涉及面非常广，从日常见面问候、称赞、致谢、道歉到了解掌握委婉语、禁忌语乃至体态语言等，所以我们要在培养学生英语语言能力的同时，更多地让同学们识别和了解英汉两种交际文化的差异。

让我们更深入的学习英语，了解英语文化的背景和我们学习英语息息相关。

让更多的中国英语使用者在跨文化交际中意识到文化差异的存在，从而知道如何避免由于这种差异带来不必要的冲突，误解和尴尬，让他们在跨文化交际中能进行无障碍的交流。

关键词: 文化差异语言能力文化背景跨文化iAbstractCulture is a complex, including knowledge and belief, art, morals, law, custom, and members of the society who acquired as any other capabilities and habits.The process of communication is people use the language knowledge and social and cultural knowledge transfer information process, so learning language and understanding language reflect the cultural background knowledge is not divided.Understanding of English culture knowledge, help communication unblocked and efficient manner. Instead, lack of understanding of English cultural background knowledge will inevitably lead to communication barriers, conflict and misunderstanding.My thesis not because they are talking to grammar mistakes, and refers to the way the thought of not satisfactory, or do not accord with the habit of expression, or, to be out of date.Speaker fails to the Anglo-American social custom caused by mistake to talk. Range is very wide, communication culture from daily greetings, praise, meet thanks, apologize to the understanding of the euphemism, taboo language and even posture language etc, so we should in training students’ English language ability, meanwhile, more let classmates recognition and understanding of the two communicative English and Chinese cultural difference.Let us more in-depth study English, understand English culture background and we learn English is closely linked. Let more Chinese English speakers in cross-cultural communication is aware of the cultural differences, and know how to avoid unnecessary because the difference of conflict, and misunderstandings and embarrassed, let themin cross-cultural communication can for freely.Keywords: cultural differences language ability cultural background cross-culturaliiContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1 Introduction (1)2 The Purpose and Meaning of this Research (3)2.1 The Purpose (3)2.2 The Meaning (3)3 Comparison of the Traditional Cultures (5)3.1 Chinese V alues and Beliefs (5)3.1.1 V alues of Collectivism and Harmony (5)3.1.2 Hierarchy and Humility (5)3.1.3 Courtesy /Good Manners (5)3.2 American V alues and Beliefs (6)3.2.1 Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance (6)3.2.2 Equality of Opportunity and Competition..............................................................错误！未定义书签。

英美节日文化差异组员：刘孟扬，黄钰清，黄诗婷，王琪媛，王奕诚，王亦彤，林宇晨，李瑀，邱天琛英国节日英国有很多传统节日和活动。

就统计，英国全年星河地方性的节日有106个。

★复活节Easter day作为一个基督教国家，纪念耶稣受难后复活的复活节（Easter）当然在英国是一个重要的节日。

按照西方基督教会的传统，通常这个日子是在3月21日到4月25日之间。

这是因为复活节好像一些其他个别的教会日子一样都是按照阴历计算的。

复活节确实是3月21日或以后的第一个月圆日之后的星期日。

除了教会的庆典之外，英国有不同的活动或风俗，标记这个日子，其中，“蛋”是经常出现的。

对小孩子来说，当然是所谓的“复活蛋”。

这些一般都是巧克力制造的。

比较简单的，在超级市场也可以买到，但是，在英国，不少高档的餐厅、咖啡厅，都会在每年这个时候推出自己特制的“复活蛋”，有黑巧克力制造的，有牛奶巧克力的，有白巧克力的，也有蛋白杏仁糖制造的。

除了一般的蛋型设计外，也有不少是动物、鲜花、卡通人物等，款式繁多，就算是对吃“复活蛋”没有兴趣的也会在这个时候可以到这些餐厅、店铺外的橱窗一饱眼福。

除了吃“复活蛋”以外，英国不少地方每年复活节左右都有有关“蛋”的活动，例如：英国的一些慈善组织和旅游机构都会在这个时候在一些著名的花园或大宅的园圃内举办寻“复活蛋”的活动。

最有趣的莫如一些地方在山坡上举行的“滚蛋”比赛。

参赛者自备生鸡蛋，到山顶上把鸡蛋“滚”到山下，大家都会各出奇谋，希望取胜。

★愚人节April Fool’s Day，All Fools’Day每年的4月1日是愚人节（April Fool’s Day，All Fools’Day）。

这个节日的确实来源已经不大清楚，但是，有资料显示，在16世纪法国，一种类似的传统已经存在。

无论如何，英国各地现在都有类似的习俗。

在这一天，人们可以尽情的愚弄周遭的人，但是，最终都是一些无伤大雅的玩意。

只不过，如果你在这天看英国的报纸，或者听天台广播，听到或看到有什么特别的消息时，你得千万小心，以免受愚弄。