听力笔记简写符号汇总
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之阳早格格创做1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = depart ment Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individ ualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = infor mationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maxi mumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = mi nimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = govern menteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decre asingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense withshorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.'Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially writtenout in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/闭于缩略词汇一、缩略词汇英语核心缩略词汇使用的频次很下,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很隐然如果能流利掌握缩略词汇,会对于考查大有裨益.缩略词汇的写法普遍为四种办法:F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF死存前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF死存启头战末端个收音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据收音R areTHO thoughTHRU through下档心译听力时常使用英语缩略词汇表缩略词汇本词汇APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADVAdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large闭于字母战图像两、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,果为"Z"瞅上去像部分头,它常常被写正在一个词汇或者标记的左上角.比圆:日自己:JZ.C 表示政府,统制:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以便用C去表示govern, ernmental official 不妨表示为 CZP 表示政事:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician便不妨表示为 PZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数教标记表示总值.G 表示效用:efficient, effective.G 为效用标记.Q 表示"通货伸展":inflation果为那个标记酷似一个降下的气球.A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经时常使用到,所以用尾字母代替.B 表示商业:business.C×表示辩论,冲突:conflict, confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示阻挡于,字母"C"将阻挡于的观念缩小为conflict 战confrontation.W 表示处事,工做: work, employ 等.它是work的第一个字母.所以WZ便不妨用去表示worker, 而W(Z正在字母上圆表示employer, 正在字母下圆表示employee).i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用去不妨用去表示工业.U U 瞅酷似一个酒杯,正在条记中表示合共、协议(treaty, agreement)普遍惟有正在道判乐成、协议成接后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果正在U内挖进2××××,便不妨表示为bilateral(单边的), 挖进3表示为trilateral(三边的).挖进正在U中挖进1表示: Unilateralism (单边主义),挖进m (multiple) 表示多边主义.如果正在U 上加一个"/"××××表示道判破裂.O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"收土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进心,Og表示出心那个标记酷似一把椅子,不妨表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over.那么正在此标记上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.T 表示"收袖人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 即不妨表示为 CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一面表示一盆花,那个标记便不妨表示聚会、启会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposiumk 那个标记瞅上像条鱼,所以表示"挨鱼业"等合fishery 有闭的词汇汇.O 圆圈代表天球,横线表示赤讲,所以那个标记便不妨表示国际的、天下的、寰球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示启心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.L 表示没有谦、气愤unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠没有闭心、漠不体贴:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.用箭头、数教标记、标面标记去表示三、箭头g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.表示引导、带收:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示伸服:submit tof 表示去自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.表示逃溯到:come/go back to,originateh 表示降下:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.表示收射、投搁商场、收止:launch,open, start, etc.表示死少、加强、促成:develop,strengthen, promote, etc表示"挫合":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数教标记+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more+3 表示"多"的最下档:most-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"过得"、"过得"战"坏"的观念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 表示"多于"观念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"下" 观念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"观念:less/smaller,etc.表示"矮"观念:inferior to,etc.= 表示"共等"观念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.表示"对于脚"观念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"正在......之间":among, within, etc.≠ 表示"分歧"观念:be different from, etc.表示"无敌"观念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示"约莫"观念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc./ 表示"可定","取消"等观念:cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标面等: 表示百般百般"道"的动词汇:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题":question,issue,比圆:台湾问题:tw?. (dot) 那个"."面的位子分歧表示的观念也纷歧样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 不妨表示为"wk."∧表示转合√ 表示"佳的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.表示"共意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆表示"要害的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.n 表示"接流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.& 表示"战","取":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.∥表示"中断":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、较少单词汇的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 比圆:socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 比圆:standardization (尺度化) stdn-cian 简简写为 o 比圆:technician techo-ing 简写为 g 比圆:marketing (商场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 比圆:accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 比圆:available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 比圆:amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 比圆:recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 比圆:meaningful mnfl。
专八英语听力速记专用符号1、数学符号+ :plus, and, in addition++(+2):more+3:most-:minus, lack, i×:“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念√:correct, good, positive, affirmative)> :(bigger/larger/greater< :less/smaller/fewer than,≥:≤:= :≠ :≈:Є:“属于”(belong to)( ):(among, within, etc. )∵:∴:⊥: based on2、标点符号: say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.? question,doubt! dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, jeopardy, w3、图形符号☆important,exemplary⊙meeting, meet, conference, discussion, negotiation),□ 国家□/□ 国与国∪因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement, accord, treaty, contract)。
因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者n(多).>< 对立、冲突<<波折∩ 进入∞ 接触、交往⊥ 分歧≡ 坚持! 关键 ; 奇观@ 有关∽ 替换为‖ 但是○ 洞& 表示“和”,“与”:and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,further more,etc.#表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.∟ 加在动词下表示“过去”、“……过”或“……了”」加在动词下表示“将来”※特征、特点(feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sign, exemplify)∧领导♀ female♂ male4、箭头符号↑ 表示“上升”、↓ 表示“减少”、← 原因、→ 导致、结果5、惯用符号(缩写)(1) 常用字母c表示“世纪”(century),比如“21世纪”可以写成21ce表示“经济”(economy, economic, economics)n表示“很多个”(many, much, several)(2) 英文缩写(适用于高频词)a.保留前几个字母Com:Edu:e.g.:info:IOU:I/O:ASAP:Max:Min:Esp:b. 拿掉所有元音MKT:MSG:STD:RCV:ACPT:AD:DEPT:STD:c.保留开头和结尾的辅音字母WK:d.根据发音R; U; UR;。
前面给大家分享过托福听力记笔记的重要性,以及记笔记的兴奋点应该放在那里!接下来给大家分享一下记笔记的8要8不要,以及听力笔记的符号和缩写,记笔记的缩略语:8不要:1、记下每个单词。
2、记下所有内容。
3、不加选择地记录。
4、像写作文一样记笔记。
5、被动的听众。
6、漏听了信息就放弃。
7、只见树木不见森林8、听完后忘了笔记。
8要:1、记下关键词。
2、使用缩写和符号。
3、听的过程中要评价。
决定哪些信息重要,不重要。
4、利用纸张空白出组织信息。
5、积极预测讲座内容和结构。
6、对漏听的信息要进行猜测。
7、听报告人的主要观点和总的结构框架。
8、讲座后尽快修改笔记。
听力笔记符号与缩写:列顺序{⒈⒉⒊做比较› 多于大于bigger/larger/greater/more than ‹小于少于less/smaller; inferior to= means, that is to say,in other words, the same as≠be different from表因果:→ lead to, result in 导致∵due to, reason原因 because∴So, therefore, as a result结果表年代:→1929 Since 1929←by 1929 before 1929C. Century345 BC 公元前345表增减:↑ To increase↓ To decrease/ Per% Percent表举例:e. g. For example表钞票:$Dollar ¥ RMB表数字A 基数词14 4015 5018 80B 序数词: 1—First 2—Second 3—ThirdC 分数: 1/3One third 2/3Two thirds≈about,or so,approximately大约∈Belong to, be part of, fall into,Remain with, pertain to, reside属于:say, believe, argue说,认为?question, issue, doubt() among, within在。
英语听力速记符号张腾总结1.表示到达、传达: go into, arrive at,give to,send to, present to etc.2.表示导致、引导: lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3.表示屈服: submit to1.表示来自于: be/come from ,return , receive from, etc.2.表示追溯到: come/go back to,originate1.表示上升: up/upward/rise ,increase,arise,ascend, etc.2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen , promote, etc表示“波折”: ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多” : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good manyof, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级: more+3表示“多”的最高级: most-表示“少” : little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortageof etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect ,something bad,notorious, negative,etc.>1.表示“多于”概念: bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2.表示“高”概念: superior to , surpass, etc.<1.表示“少于”概念: less/smaller, etc.2.表示“低”概念: inferior to ,etc.=1.表示“同等”概念: means,that is to say, in otherwords, the same as,be equal to, etc.2.表示“对手”概念: a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”: among, within, etc.≠1.表示“不同”概念: be different from, etc.2.表示“无敌”概念: matchless, peerless, etc.~表示“大约”概念: about/around ,or so,approximately, etc./表示“否定”,“消除”等概念: cross out, eliminate,etc.APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV advise劝告AMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approve批准ASAP as soon as possibleBAL balanceBLDG buildingCERT certificate证书CFM conform符合CNCL cancelCNF conference会议CMI commission委员会,佣金CMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND condition条件panyDEPT departmentDISC discount打折DRT departure出发EXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent程度一、缩略词(缩略词的写法一般为四种方式)拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insurance保险EXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC Accountant会计ACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionpanyDEPT Department部门DISC Discount折扣DPT Departure离开EXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT Extent程度FLT FlightFNT FinalFRT Freight货物FYR For your reference供你参考GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O.Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP (T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead of以。
英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上,也是引号的意思8. : - 同上,也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状,也可以表示声音的延长。
超实用雅思听力笔记缩写技巧雅思听力笔记怎么记?雅思听力笔记缩写有哪些?今日我给大家带来了超有用雅思听力笔记缩写技巧,盼望能够关心到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
【高手必备】超有用雅思听力笔记缩写技巧数学符号+ 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示多的比较级:more+3 表示多的最高级:most-表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示错误、失误和坏的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.表示多于概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高概念:superior to,surpass, etc.表示少于概念:less/smaller,etc.表示低概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示同等概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.表示对手概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在......之间:among, within, etc.≠ 表示不同概念:be different from, etc.表示无敌概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示大约概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc./ 表示否定,消退等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.雅思听力考试备考方法一、听写。
小站老师认为,针对雅思索试大家不妨可以试一下词性辨析听写法。
这个是网上找的简略版,感觉和听力老师说的某些其实是一样的。
大家可以用来作为参考。
——BY.UV一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO :informationINS :insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK:weekRM:roomPL:peopleF根据发音R :areTHO:thoughTHRU:through缩略词原词APT :ApartmentACC:AccountantACDG :AccordingACPT: AcceptAD :AdvertisementADS :AddressADV:AdviceAMAP :As much/many as possible AMT:AmountAPV :ApproveASAP :As soon as possibleBAL :BalanceBLDG :BuildingCERT CertificateCFM :ConformCNCL :CancelCNF:ConferenceCMI :CommissionCMP :CompleteCMPE :Compete/competitiveCMU :CommunicationCONC :Concern/concerning/concerned COND :Condition CO. :CompanyDEPT:DepartmentDISC :DepartureEXCH:ExchangeEXPLN:ExplainEXT:ExtentFLT :FinalFRT:FreightFYR :For your reference GD :GoodGUAR :GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO :Information IMPS :ImpossibleIMP(T:Important INCD :IncludeINDIV :Individual INS:InsuranceINTST :InterestedI/O :In stead ofIOU :I owe youIVO:In view of MANUF :Manufacture MDL :ModelMEMO :Memorandum MGR :MangerMIN :Minimum MKT :Market MSG :Message NCRY :Necessary NLT :No later than OBS :Observe OBT :Obtain ORD :Ordinary PAT :PatentPC :PiecePKG :PackingPL :PeoplePLS :Please POSN:Position POSS(BL:Possible PROD:Product QLTY:Quality QUTY:Quantity RCV:ReceiveREF :Reference REGL :RegularREP :Representative RESN:Reservation RPT :Repeat RESPON :Responsible SEC:SectionSITN :SituationSTD :StandardTEL :Telephone TEMP :Temporary TGM :Telegraph THO :ThoughTKS :ThanksTRD :TradeTRF:TrafficTTL :TotalU :YouUR :YourWK :WeekWL :WillWT :WeightXL:Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
节省时间!那些年我们使用的托福听力笔记符号虽然新托福听力速度适中,可如果我们仍一笔一划地记录关键信息,无疑会发生漏听等不利情况!当然,童鞋们也毋须烦恼!因为我们可以使用一些托福听力符号避免这样的情况!下面,是天道小编就此准备的托福考试相关资讯,一起来看!下面,就是小编整理的托福听力笔记符号了,备战新托福听力的孩纸们还在等什么,赶紧记起来!一、字母、图像A 表示农业: agriculture.agriculture,经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business.C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation,“C×”中的“×”表示反对。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern, ernmental official 可以表示为 CZ.E 表示总数:total,totally,entire,entirely,on the whole,all in all,to sum up,ect.E在数学符号中表示总值。
P 表示政治:politics,political,希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZ。
G 表示效率:efficient,effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
W 表示工作,职业:work,employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee).i 表示工业:industry,industrial,字母i像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
专四听写笔记常用符号和缩略语笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations) 1.常用笔记符号:符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升(grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards)↓ 下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, godown,descend,decrease,deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)↗ 上扬;渐渐好转(e better and better)↘ 下挫;不断亏损(e worse and worse)→ 出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为。
(export to,enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, sendto,transmitto,leadto,exportto, cause)← 回顾;从前;进口;来自;源于(e from,originate from, receive from, go back to, importfrom)例如:café ← French意为:café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加;补充;除此之外;另外(furthermore,inadditionto,with,and,besides,etc) —减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract)× 表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)超过,大于,胜过,优于(morethan,biggerthan,surpass,betterthan,superiorto)>>大大超过(much greater than, much more than) 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewerthan,lessthan,worsethan,inferiorto)<<远远少于(much less than) = 等于符号(equal)在听力笔记中相当于“与。
英语听力速记符号体系总结一、缩略词1.去掉所有元音如:STD---standard, MKT---market2.保留前几个字母如:INFO---information, ASAP---as soon as possible3.保留开头和结尾个发音字母如:WK---week, RM---room4.根据发音如:R---are, B4---before, you too---u2二、英文字母y: 年yearm: 月monthw: 周weekh:小时hours: 秒钟secondd: 日子/今天day/today2y:两年以前two years agob: 但是but, however, neverthelessc:世纪century四大速记符号1.常用速记标点使用冒号“: ”表示各种各样“说”的动词如say, speak, talk, announce, declare, 使用问号“?” 表示问题,如question, issue, problem2.常用速记数字符号•+表示“多”,many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, a bunch of•++/+2表示“多”的比较级more•+3表示“多”的最高级most•-表示“少”,little, few, lack, short of, have a shortage of•×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念,wrong, incorrect, something bad, notorious, negative•=表示相同,一致,公平,如the same as, equal to, similar to•>表示大于,超过,高于,如surpass, exceed, more than, superior to•<表示少于,低于,如less than, inferior to .•∵表示因为,由于,幸亏,如because, due to, thanks to ,•∴表示所以,因此,结果是,如so, therefore, hence, consequently3.常用速记箭头•↑表示上升,如go up/upward, rise, increase, arise, ascend表示发射、投放市场、发行,如launch, open, start表示发展、加强、推进,如develop, strengthen, promote•↓表示减少,下降,降低,衰落,如decrease, decline, go down, drop, fall•一表示持平,维稳,如stabilize, remain stable, remain the same.→表示到达、传达,如go into, arrive at, give to, send to, present to表示导致、引导,如lead to, result in, in the direction of←表示来自于,如be/come from, return, receive from表示追溯到,如come/go back to, originate4.常用速记图形符号•√表示好的,著名的,如right, good, famous, well-known表示同意,如stand up for, support, agree with•!表示危险,警告,当心,值得注意,如dangerous, harmful, warming, alarming, alert, watch out•☆表示重点,重视,重要的,如important, significant, critical, substantial, meaningful, essential,outstanding•♀表示女性,woman , female•♂表示男性,man, male•$/¥表示钱,有钱的,富裕的,贵的,如dollar, money, rich, expensive.•V表示胜利,凯旋,如victory, triumph。
1.表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.2.表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3.表示屈服:submit to1.表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.2.表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate1.表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.3.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级:more+3表示“多”的最高级:most-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 1.表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2.表示“高” 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 1.表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.2.表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.=1.表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say,in otherwords,the same as,be equal to, etc.2.表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc.≠1.表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.2.表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so,approximately,etc./表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc. APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possibleBAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词(缩略词的写法一般为四种方式)拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T)ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL)PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致),arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ,dropⅡ数学用符号+plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且,此外,更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus+10tea-minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad>more than, greater, more and more, superior to<less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈$500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1.常用笔记符号:符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升(grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards)↓ 下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)↗上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better)↘下挫;不断亏损(become worse and worse)→ 出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause)← 回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如:café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加;补充;除此之外;另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract)×表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)> 超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)>>大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to)<<远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as),另外可以表示“是…的对手“(a rival, a competitor)等意思。
托福听力笔记常用缩写符号整理一、字母、图像A 表示农业:agriculture. agriculture,经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation,“C×”中的“×”表示反对。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/近似government 所以就用C来表示governgovernment。
governmental official 能够表示为 CZ。
E 表示总数:totaltotally entire entirely on the whole all in all to sum up ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。
P 表示政治:politicspolitical,希腊字母P读/pai/近似politics political。
那么politician就能够表示为 PZ。
G 表示效率:efficienteffective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
W 表示工作,职业: workemploy 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就能够用来表示worker 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industryindustrial,字母i像只烟囱,所以用来能够用来表示工业。
U U酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2××××,就能够表示为bilateral(双边的),填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
善用托福听力中的字母符号缩写善用听力中字母符号缩写。
托福考试听力备考,托福英语听力字母符号缩写完全整理版。
下面和小编一起来看看吧:一、字母、图像A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture,经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation,“C×”中的“×”表示反对。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZ。
E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。
P 表示政治:politics, political,希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial,字母i像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的),填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
听力笔记简写符号汇总(一)地名简写如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来.会很费时间。
因此,常用国名的记录方法应常记心中,比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如:the Republic of Korea(ROK,南朝鲜),表示为“-K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK,北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe(西欧)表示为“|EU”,Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:(一)拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive(二)保留前几个字母INFO-informationINS-insuranceEXCH-exchangeI owe you-IOUIn stead of-I/O(三)保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK -weekRM-roomPL-people(四)根据发音R-areTHO-thoughTHRU-through(五)听力常用英语缩略词表(缩略词/原词)APT-ApartmentACC-AccountantACDG-AccordingACPT-AcceptAD-AdvertisementADS-AddressADV-AdviceAMAP-As much/many as possibleAMT-AmountBAL-BalanceBLDG-BuildingCERT-CertificateCMPE-Compete/competitiveCMU-Communication听力笔记简写符号汇总(二)数学符号+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more+ 表示“多”的最高级:most-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.>表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示“高”概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc. 表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. 表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc.≠表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc./表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.标点等: 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.表示“问题”:question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?. (dot)这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。
Wk表示week “y”表示this year, “y2.”two year later“next week”, 可以表示为“wk.”∧表示转折but yet however√表示“好的”状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.表示“同意”状态,stand up for,support,agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆表示“重要的”状态:important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.n 表示“交流”状态:exchange,mutual, etc.& 表示“和”,“与”:and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,further more,etc.∥表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.听力笔记简写符号汇总(三)以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字数学符号equal: =boost, improve, enhance, strengthen :↗plus: +minus: —times: xdivided by: ÷degree: ℃percent: %per thousand: ‰between:|.|because, because of, due to: ∵therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∴plus or minus: ±versus, the ratio of, divided by : :so on, etc, and so forth : ···is (much) greater/bigger/larger/faster/quicker/heavier/older…than; superior to, surpass:> is (much) less/smaller/lighter/younger/fewer/inferior to/worse than…: <not equal to :¹not less than:varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝或∞parallel, is parallel to : ‖right angle: ∟perpendicular, is perpendicular to: ⊥circle, circumference: ○ellipse: 0diameter: θtriangle, delta : △pressure, influence:⊥(竖线为向下箭头)approximately, about, nearly, around,almost: ≈as always, 一直,总是,一贯:≡contact, exchanges:∞conflicts, disputes, contradictions: ><波折:<<win, success :Vby, with, %, in:/as always, hold on, persist, insist on :≡wonder, miracle : !About: @On the one hand:∕On the other hand: ∕Relation, relationship: &Not agree: NAgree: YFine, good: +Better, much better:++Bad, weak: -Worse, weaker: - -In conclusion : =>Empty: ORepresentative, delegation, delegation: △货币sterling, pound: £US dollar: US$renminbi: RMB: ¥Australian dollars: #AAustrian schillings: SchCanadian dollars: Can$Eurodollar:€New Zealand dollars: NZ$Japanese yen: ¥听力笔记简写符号汇总(四)o表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:Jo。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern。
希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZ P 表示政治:politics, political。
希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZG 表示效率:efficient, effective。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture.agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation。
“C×”中的“×”表示反对,字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation。
W表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而“Z”(小圆圈)在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial。
字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)。
一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。