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英语口译指导：口译专业笔记符号大全一、缩写词：Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1．Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against/ = therefore= = is or equal2. Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp.一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
在桌子下
(A是变革的代言人 (B自信和远见
(C行为不循规蹈矩 (D对环境敏感
(E有清楚表达目标的能力
︹下加一短横
93、人本管理原则包括( 。
look/ look after/ look into/ investigate/witness
(A人的管理第一 (B和营人际关系
⊙
(C员工和组织共同发展 (D满足社会需要
(E构建以人为中心的组织形态
资本主义
94、在人力资源规划中，人员规划的内容包括( 。
资’
(A企业劳动定员 (B人力资源现状分析
(C四个现代化 (D人力资源费用控制
4m
(E人员需求与供给预测
95、根据岗位规范的具体内容，岗位规范的基本形式包括( 规范。
peace-keeping (A管理岗位培训 (B生产岗位工作
维p
(C管理岗位考核 (D生产岗位考核
(E生产岗位技能
第三世界
96、以下关于工作说明书的说法正确的是( 。
3w。
常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or“多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less than or equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.) 也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.)Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc. 表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yes terday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two mo nths ago。
现场口译笔记符号汇总一、口译记录符号分类1、像形、会意符号：汉字属于象形文字，具有很强的表意功能，口译记录可以借用单个的汉字或它们的某些偏旁部首，然后再混合其它符号来表达一些概念。
e.g. 水水(上加一横表示干旱,下加一横表示洪灾)“口”表示“国家”、“民族”，在“口”的上面加上一个人头样的小圆圈“o”，这时“口”又可以用来表示"x国人"了2、像声符号：e.g: “U”与单词“you”希腊字母“γ”(gamma) 读作[ga:ma:]其发音近似英语单词“government”的读音，所以“γ”也常被用在口译记录中表示“government”(政府)或“governmental”(政府的)之意。
3、公共场所和行业标识：e.g: “P”，它表示的是“停车场”、“停放”之类的意思，口译记录，我们除了借用这一符号指代上述意义外，还可以将它们稍加引申来表达“中止”、“中断”、“停顿”、“停火”等意思。
再如：作口译记录时我们还可以用“十”来代表“医院”、“门诊部”等。
4、标点符号：e.g: “?”常被用来表示“问题”、“难题”等概念，因此口译过程中若涉及到“台湾问题”时，译员只记作“TW?”即可。
“：”可以表示与“说”有关的概念，如：“告诉”、“演讲”、“宣称”、“声明”、“认为”、“赞成”、“报怨”、“抗议”等；“……”表示“剩余”、“遗留问题”；“( )”则表示“包括”、“在……范围之内”、“封闭”、“闭关自守”、“禁闭”等意思。
、印刷符号：e.g: “∧”则表示“插入”、“干涉”、“介入”、“侵略”，而“／”则用来表示“删(剔)除”、“取消”6、数学符号：加号“+”可以表示“增加”、“补充”；“减号”“-”则表示“扣除”“减少”，而“≈”便用来表示“大约”、“几乎”；“∵”则可以表示“由于”“因为”等概念7、箭头符号：箭头符号直观、明了,使用得更多、更广泛 . e.g:右指箭头“→”常用来表示“派谴”、出国、“运往”、“前往”、“出口”、“向……传达”、“导致”等概念。
口译符号--------------一直在找...终于有了!对英语专业的很有用一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO ：informationINS ：insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK：weekRM：roomCERT CertificateCFM ：ConformCNCL ：CancelCNF：ConferenceCMI ：CommissionCMP ：CompleteCMPE ：Compete/competitiveCMU ：CommunicationCONC ：Concern/concerning/concerned COND ：ConditionCO. ：CompanyDEPT：DepartmentDISC ：DepartureEXCH：ExchangeEXPLN：ExplainEXT：ExtentFLT ：FinalFRT：FreightFYR ：For your referenceGD ：GoodGUAR ：GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO ：Information IMPS ：Impossible IMP(T)：Important INCD ：Include INDIV ：Individual INS：Insurance INTST ：InterestedI/O ：In stead ofIOU ：I owe you IVO：In view of MANUF ：Manufacture MDL ：ModelMEMO ：Memorandum MGR ：MangerMIN ：MinimumMKT ：MarketMSG ：Message NCRY ：Necessary NLT ：No later than OBS ：ObserveOBT ：ObtainORD ：OrdinaryPAT ：PatentPC ：PiecePKG ：PackingPL ：PeoplePLS ：Please POSN：Position POSS(BL)：Possible PROD：Product QLTY：Quality QUTY：Quantity RCV：ReceiveREF ：Reference REGL ：RegularREP ：Representative RESN：Reservation RPT ：Repeat RESPON ：Responsible SEC：SectionSITN ：SituationSTD ：StandardTEL ：Telephone TEMP ：TemporaryTGM ：TelegraphTHO ：ThoughTKS ：ThanksTRD ：TradeTRF：TrafficTTL ：TotalU ：YouUR ：YourWK ：WeekWL ：WillWT ：WeightXL：Extra large二、二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation涨价,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate腐烂变坏, depreciation小看轻视贬值减价reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republicof Korea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound￡US dollar$ Renminbi/RMB￥Australian dollars AUS Austrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$Euro€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day beforeyesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2w Wednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6w Sunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四．度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ft minimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre A nautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least AL Advice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAP are R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKGPlease PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl 七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日本人JPｏGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C×冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/arise/ascend h↑上升ups and downs/twists andturns/roller coaster<< 波折submit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to ！惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative×错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥…的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3 听说about＠关于parallel//water H2O for4to2without w/owith w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over～上加一点·below/beneath/under～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译笔记速记符号：（1）Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for reference:Abbreviations in Note taking: Use only the abbreviations that fit the needs.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding “s”.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse “g” to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center forAerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable ofthe word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/(2)字母、图像:Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译符号--------------一直在找...终于有了!对英语专业的很有用一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO ：informationINS ：insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK：weekRM：roomPL：peopleF根据发音R ：areTHO：thoughTHRU：through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ：ApartmentACC：AccountantACDG ：AccordingACPT: AcceptAD ：AdvertisementADS ：AddressADV：AdviceAMAP ：As much/many as possible AMT：AmountAPV ：ApproveASAP ：As soon as possibleBAL ：BalanceBLDG ：BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ：ConformCNCL ：CancelCNF：ConferenceCMI ：CommissionCMP ：CompleteCMPE ：Compete/competitiveCMU ：CommunicationCONC ：Concern/concerning/concerned COND ：ConditionCO. ：CompanyDEPT：DepartmentDISC ：DepartureEXCH：ExchangeEXPLN：ExplainEXT：ExtentFLT ：FinalFRT：FreightFYR ：For your referenceGD ：GoodGUAR ：GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO ：Information IMPS ：Impossible IMP(T)：Important INCD ：IncludeINDIV ：Individual INS：Insurance INTST ：InterestedI/O ：In stead ofIOU ：I owe youIVO：In view of MANUF ：Manufacture MDL ：ModelMEMO ：Memorandum MGR ：MangerMIN ：MinimumMKT ：MarketMSG ：Message NCRY ：Necessary NLT ：No later than OBS ：ObserveOBT ：ObtainORD ：OrdinaryPAT ：PatentPC ：PiecePKG ：PackingPL ：PeoplePLS ：PleasePOSN：Position POSS(BL)：Possible PROD：Product QLTY：Quality QUTY：Quantity RCV：ReceiveREF ：Reference REGL ：RegularREP ：Representative RESN：Reservation RPT ：Repeat RESPON ：Responsible SEC：SectionSITN ：SituationSTD ：StandardTEL ：Telephone TEMP ：TemporaryTGM ：TelegraphTHO ：ThoughTKS ：ThanksTRD ：TradeTRF：TrafficTTL ：TotalU ：YouUR ：YourWK ：WeekWL ：WillWT ：WeightXL：Extra large二、二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译中常用的速记符号∵ :因为, 由于，幸亏；because , due to , thanks to……∴ :所以,因此，结果是；so, therefore, consequently……≠ :不等于,不同，有差距；different, disparity ……≈ :约等于,大约，大概；about, almost, nearly……＞ :大于,超过，高于；surpass, exceed, more than, superior to……＜ :小于,少于，低于；les s than, inferior to……≤ :小于或等于≥ :大于或等于= :等于,意味着,一致，公平；the same as, equal to, mean to, similar to ……. × :错误，不好的，否面的；wrong, negative, mistake, bad, not, wrong/incorrect， something bad，notorious，……√ :正确，好的，肯定; right, correct, good, positive, affirmative……N :不同意; disagree……Y :同意; agree……↑ :上升，扩大，提升，发展，增加，起飞; up, rise, increase……↓ :下降，向下，下调，减少，恶化，裁减; down, decrease……↗ :促进,发展,上扬，越来越好；↘ :下挫，不断亏损；＋ :强，好,另外，多; strong, good，plus, add, moreover, besides……＋＋:更强，更好; stronger, better……+3 :表示"多"的最高级：most－ :弱，差,减去，出去，除了; weak, minus, deduct, in short of, except……――:更弱，更差; weaker, worse……-3 :æ :行动，行为，法案；action, act……[ ] :在……之中，在……之内; among，within，between ……∈ :属于；belong to……→ :导致，结果，向前，到达，交给，输出;lead to, go, arrive at……← :来自，源于，进口，收到，邀请，回顾，是……的结果;(be) invited★ :优秀的，杰出的V :胜利？ :问题、疑问＆ :和,与,和……一道and, together with，along with，accompany, etc.=＞ :结论是 ./ :一方面; ;/. :另一方面; ./. :关系□ :国家country, state, nation, □/□ :国与国>< :对立，冲突＜＜:波折twists and turns⊙ :会议, 会面, 研讨会∩：进入∞：接触，交往// ：停顿，中止，结束⊥：分歧** ：非常、十分重要≡：坚持! ：奇观, 危险，警告，当心@ ：有关∽：替换为‖：但是∥. ：与……比较而言○：空洞△：代表：交换口译中常用的字母符号Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
1口译笔记符号大汇总二. 货币简写2年底49 20年以后20y| century C since/ever since ┠uo to now/ until ┫in. centimeter cm foot ft minimeter mm knot kt mile mi acre A nautical mile nm五. 缩略词34You U Your UR Will WL WeekWKWeightWT-ism m socialismSm -tion n standardization (标准化) stdn -cian o techniciantecho -ing g marketing (市场营销) MKTg -ed d accepted acptd -able/ible/ble bl available avbl -ment mt amendment amdmt -ize z recognize regz -fulflmeaningfulmnfl七．字母、图像、符号568二、字母、图像Z 表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound￡US dollar$Renminbi/RMB￥Australian dollars#AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day before yesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2wWednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6wSunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四．度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKG Please PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日本人JPｏGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C× 冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/h↑上升ups and downs/twists and << 波折arise/ascend turns/roller coastersubmit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to！惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative× 错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥ …的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3听说about＠关于parallel// water H2O for4to2without w/o with w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over～上加一点·below/beneath/under～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w。
英汉口译笔记符号归纳（比较完整）慎记：A 只用符合自己原来笔记系统的符号B 逐步引用才是有效使用否则只会弄巧成拙！一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1．拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2. 保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3. 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4. 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through口译常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large更多英语单词缩写Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp二、字母、图像Z 表示“人”people/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
1.缩略(Abbreviations)AMAP——尽可能多（as much as possible）APEC——亚太经合组织ASAP——尽快（as soon as possible）ASEAN——东盟B.A.——文学士B.C.——公元前B.S.——理学士CPC——中国共产党DEPT——系；部门e.g.——例如esp.——尤其是FIE——外资企业H.Q.——总部ID——身份；身份证IOU——欠条org——组织Ph.D.——博士EU——欧盟UN——联合国V.P.——副主席2.数学符号（Mathematical Symbols）+ 可以表示“增加”，“另外”，“除此以外”，还可表示“正确”或“好”。
－可以表示“减去”，“少”，或者“差”等。
×可以表示“错误”，“坏的”，“不好”，“不对”。
＞可以表示“大于”，“超过”，“比……好”。
＜可以表示“小于”，“不如”，“比……差”。
＝可以表示“等于”，“相当于”，“意味着”。
≠可以表示“不等于”，“不是这个意思”，“不是……的对手”。
∵可以表示“因为”，“由于”。
∴可以表示“所以”，“因而”，“因此”。
3.箭头符号（Arrow Symbols）↑可以表示“上升”，“发展”，“加强”，“改善”，“发射”，“提拔”，“晋升”。
↓可以表示“下降”，“衰退”，“下跌”，“恶化”。
←可以表示“来自”，“来源”，“进口”，“回归”。
→可以表示“到达”，“出口”，“前往”，“派遣”，“发送”，“导致某个结果”。
4.标点符号（Punctuation Marks）：可以表示“说”，“认为”，“宣称”，“声明”，“抗议”。
？可以表示“问题”，“疑问”，“问”。
. 可以表示“观点”，“论点”，“难点”。
用在表示时间的词前后，表示“之前”或“之后”，例如：y.表示明年，下个月记为m.，而..d表示前天。
! 可以表示“惊讶”，“非常”，“关键”。
“”一般在记录引语时使用（）可以表示“包括”，“在……之中”，“封闭”，“闭关自守”。
弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧口译笔记符号大汇总一、地名简写高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”。
相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe（西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习：Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital二、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: market MSG: message RCV: receiveMGR: manager STD: standard RCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO information EXCH exchange In stead of I/OINS insurance I owe you IOU（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM room PL people（四）根据发音R are THO though THRU through（五）口译听力常用英语缩略词表原词缩略词原词缩略词原词缩略词ACC Accountant ACPT Accept AMAP As much/many aspossibleACDG According AD Advertisement AMT AmountADV Advice ADS Address BAL BalanceBLDG Building CMPE Compete/competitive CERT CertificateCMU Communication DEPT Department EXCH ExchangeCO. Company EXT Extent MKT Market DISC Discount INFO Information MSG Message MDL Model I/O In stead of PL People MEMO Memorandum IOU I owe you PLS Please MIN Minimum PKG Packing REF Reference SEC Section STD Standard TEL Telephone THO Though TKS Thanks TRF Traffic WT Weight XL Extra large三、字母、图像ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
